Data Sheet 140 Carbono Pagina 10

SUMMARY
Company profile ............................................................................................................................................ 4
Technology process .................................................................................................................................... 9
ASP® & High Speed Steel Guide .................................................................................................. 12
ASP® grades ................................................................................................................................................ 17
BlueTap® grade ........................................................................................................................................... 55
Conventional grades................................................................................................................................ 59
Technical guide .......................................................................................................................................... 98
Conversion table .................................................................................................................................... 104
Technical glossary ................................................................................................................................ 118
ASP® & BlueTap® are registered trademarks of Erasteel

COMPANY PROFILE
COMPANY PROFILE
Erasteel is a major player in the HSS market with high-end conventional and
powder metallurgy High Speed Steels.
Products
With its ASP® range, Erasteel is the world leading producer of PM HSS for
Erasteel products are available in a wide range of shapes and chemical compositions,
high performance tooling and components.
perfectly adapted to a wide variety of tooling and other applications. The different
Erasteel also produces powder steels and alloys. PM Nickel and Cobalt based geometries and product forms are available in various finishes: hot-rolled, cold-
alloys, PM stainless steels, PM tool steels and High Speed Steels are standard rolled, drawn, peeled, ground, etc.
grades produced and commercialized by Erasteel under the brandname
Pearl®.
Erasteel - A member of ERAMET

Erasteel is a member of ERAMET, a rapidly growing French mining and metallurgical Round bars Flat bars Square bars
group.
To ensure its profitable and sustainable growth, ERAMET develops its strategy
along three lines: innovation, customer focus and efficient organization.
The Group employs approximately 14,000 people in 20 countries on five
continents, and holds front rank global positions in each of its activities.
The Group is built around three divisions – ERAMET Nickel, ERAMET Manganese
and ERAMET Alloys.
Together, Erasteel and Aubert & Duval make up the ERAMET Alloys division.
While Erasteel is a top producer of High Speed Steels, Aubert & Duval is one Sheets (hot rolled) Profiled bars LINEA™ prehardened
of the largest producers in the world of high performance special steels and HSS blanks
superalloys as well as closed-die forgings for the aerospace and energy
industries.
Profiled edges Strips (cold rolled) Powders
ASP® and Pearl® are registered trademarks of Erasteel.

4 5
COMPANY PROFILE
COMPANY PROFILE
Market Segment Innovation & Expertise
The grades of Erasteel are used in a wide range of applications. Erasteel has achieved a high standard of quality and experience in the processing of
Powder Metallurgy Steels and High Speed Steels. A policy of continuous investments
has enabled Erasteel to use the latest technologies to improve both quality and
productivity and develop new products in line with customers’ needs.
Customer-oriented research and development

• A solution-oriented spirit to meet and support customers’ needs and developments
• A long experience of technical service and examinations of powder metallurgy
components and tools in ASP®
Cutting Tools Cold Work & Hot Work
• Customer partnerships in product development analysis and improvement of parts
40 years of expertise in Powder Metallurgy

• A unique knowledge in gas-atomized metal powders
• A focus on powder cleanliness, processing, consolidation and properties
• A dedicated research laboratory in Söderfors, Sweden, with highly skilled teams,
cooperating with a network of universities, laboratories and industry organizations
Saws Knives
A wide range of competences and resources
• Alloy development in ASP® as well as Ni-, Co- and Fe- base alloys
• Powder characterization: size, morphology, tap density, flowability, FEG-SEM
micrography and chemical analysis
• Evaluation of physical, mechanical (such as impact toughness and fatigue testing)
and corrosion properties, as well as cleanliness (e.g. high frequency ultrasonic)
Plastics Components
6 7
TECHNOLOGY PROCESS
TECHNOLOGY PROCESS
High Speed Steel Conventional Metallurgy
Erasteel is a renowned producer of High Speed Steels and has a unique knowle-
dge in this area, in terms of:
• Process: metallurgy, forging, rolling, drawing, heat treatment, etc.
• Steel grades: mechanical and physical properties, applications, etc.
Ø 30 mm / 1,181 inch
Ø 50 mm / 1,969 inch
Ø 125 mm / 4,921 inch
Ingot
Bottom pouring Carbide network
8 9
TECHNOLOGY PROCESS
TECHNOLOGY PROCESS
Powder Metallurgy
Graphite Erasteel is the world leading producer of With the most advanced technology in powder metallurgy and a strong focus on
electrodes gas-atomized PM steels. With more than 40 Research & Development, Erasteel has built a high standard of quality and experience.
Slag cover years of experience in powder metallurgy, Our researchers constantly innovate in direct liaison with engineers and technicians in
Tundish Erasteel produces PM high speed steels the field, pushing back the limits of technology. Together with our technical experts,
Gas jets with a high cleanliness level known under they provide the finest possible products and services to our customers, for their
the trademark ASP®. constant satisfaction.
Atomizing
chamber
Erasteel’s PM HSS, ASP® are high quality products with the following key
benefits:
• Isotropic properties: a homogeneous and fine microstructure with an even distribu-
Hot isostatic pressing
of the capsule at high tion of carbide particles in the matrix phase, in contrast to ingot cast material where
pressure and temperature carbide stringers are formed during manufacturing
• A high level of cleanliness
• Higher hardness and wear resistance, due to a
Powder Welding of Hipped higher content of carbide-forming elements
collection the capsule capsule
• Higher toughness: the material is free from
carbide segregation
• Very good polishability
The molten steel is refined in a heated tundish to remove inclusions and homogenize
the composition. PM steel has small,
During gas atomization the molten steel is disintegrated by powerful jets of nitrogen evenly distributed carbides
gas into small droplets, which solidify at a very high speed. The powder is collected
in a steel capsule which is then evacuated and welded. The Hot Isostatic Pressing of
the ASP® powder subsequently densifies the powder.
Bars, wire rods, strips and sheets are obtained from forging, hot and cold rolling and Thanks to these properties, Erasteel's ASP® grades are widely used in
wire drawing of the HIP’d capsule. many high performance applications such as tooling for metal, plastics,
wood and paper processing as well as mechanical components.
10 11
ASP ®, BLUETAP ® AND HIGH SPEED STEEL GUIDE
ASP®, BLUETAP AND HIGH SPEED STEEL GUIDE

ERASTEEL Analysis. % ERASTEEL Hardness, HB
Characteristics and Applications
Grades Equivalent C Cr Mo W Co V Grades Annealed Drawn
ASP 2004* PM M4 1.40 4.2 5.0 5.8 - 4.1 ASP 2004* 260 300 Good wear resistance and hardness
ASP®, non Cobalt-grades
ASP®, non Cobalt-grades

ASP 2005 - 1.50 4.0 2.5 2.5 - 4.0 ASP 2005 260 310 Good wear resistance and toughness
ASP 2009 PM 9% V 1.80 5.25 1.3 - - 9.10 ASP 2009 270 - Wear resistance and toughness for plastics extrusion
ASP 2011 PM A11 2.45 5.25 1.3 - - 9.75 ASP 2011 280 320 V-alloyed with high abrasion resistance
ASP 2012** - 0.60 4.0 2.0 2.1 - 1.5 ASP 2012** 230 - Very high toughness for hot and cold work
ASP 2023 - 1.28 4.1 5.0 6.4 - 3.1 ASP 2023 Non-Co-grade for cold work and cutting tools
260 320 Good wear resistance
ASP 2053 - 2.48 4.2 3.1 4.2 - 8.0 ASP 2053 300 340 V-alloyed grade for abrasive wear resistance
ASP 2015 PM T15 1.55 4.0 - 12.0 5.0 5.0 ASP 2015 280 300 High W-alloyed grade for high performance cutting
ASP 2017 - 0.80 4.0 3.0 3.0 8.0 1.0 ASP 2017 260 320 1% Nb. High toughness and excellent grindability
ASP 2030* - 1.28 4.2 5.0 6.4 8.5 3.1 ASP 2030* 300 320 Co-grade for high performance cutting and cold forming
ASP 2042 PM 42 1.08 3.8 9.4 1.6 8.0 1.2 ASP 2042 280 320 For bimetal bandsaws, with good weldability
ASP®, Cobalt-grades
ASP®, Cobalt-grades
ASP 2048* PM M48 1.50 3.75 5.25 9.75 8.50 3.10 ASP 2048* 320 - High alloyed for high performance cutting tools
ASP 2051 PM 51 1.27 4.0 3.6 9.5 10.0 3.2 ASP 2051 300 350 For bimetal bandsaws, with excellent wear resistance and toughness
ASP 2052* - 1.60 4.8 2.0 10.5 8.0 5.0 ASP 2052 High W-alloyed grade for high performance cutting
300 320 Good wear resistance
ASP 2055 - 1.69 4.0 4.6 6.3 9.0 3.2 ASP 2055 320 340 2.1% Nb. High alloyed Co-grade with good grindability
ASP 2060 PMHS 7-7-7-11 2.30 4.2 7.0 6.5 10.5 6.5 ASP 2060 340 - For both hot hardness and wear resistance
ASP 2062 PM M62 1.30 3.75 10.50 6.25 - 2.0 ASP 2062 High red-hardness, good abrasive wear resistance
ASP 2078* PMHS 6-7-6-10 2.30 4.2 7.0 6.5 10.5 6.5 ASP 2078* 340 - High performance grade with improved machinability
Martensitic
Martensitic
Stainless
Stainless
steel
steel
ASP APZ10 - 1.15 19.0 2.10 - - 0.60 ASP APZ10 300 320 Good corrosion and wear resistance
For tap manufacturing: excellent grindability, and a superior

Blue-
Blue-
Tap®
Tap®
BlueTap Co M35 0.93 4.2 5.0 6.4 4.8 1.8 BlueTap Co 280 320
combination of hardness, wear resistance and toughness.
E T1 T1 0.75 4.1 - 18.0 - 1.1 E T1 270 320 W-alloyed grade for knives
E M1 M1 0.83 3.8 8.5 1.8 - 1.2 E M1 260 310 Mo-grade for taps, twist drills, dies and rolls
HSS, non Cobalt-grades
HSS, non Cobalt-grades

E M50 M50 0.84 4.0 4.2 - - 1.1 E M50 260 300 Low alloyed grade for “Do-It-Yourself” drills
E M52 M52 0.89 4.0 4.5 1.2 - 1.9 E M52 250 300 Low alloyed high speed steel
E M2 M2 0.90 4.2 5.0 6.4 - 1.8 E M2 260 310 Grade for general applications
ABC III - 0.99 4.1 2.7 2.8 - 2.4 ABC III 250 320 Grade for metal saws and wear parts
E M7 M7 1.02 3.8 8.6 1.8 - 1.9 E M7 260 310 Grade for twist drills, taps, end mills, etc.
E M3:2 M3:2 1.20 4.1 5.0 6.2 - 3.0 E M3:2 270 320 M2 upgraded for higher wear resistance
Grindamax V3 - 1.20 3.9 5.2 7.0 - 2.7 Grindamax V3 270 320 Grade with excellent grindability, ideal for taps
E M4 M4 1.30 4.2 4.5 5.6 - 4.0 E M4 280 320 Excellent wear resistance, for cold forming and rolls
Low alloy grade with optimal composition for hard
E 945 - 0.91 3.7 5.0 1.8 2.5 1.2 E 945 260 320
martensitic matrix and improved hot hardness
HSS, Cobalt-grades
HSS, Cobalt-grades
E M35 M35 0.93 4.2 5.0 6.4 4.8 1.8 E M35 270 320 Grade for taps and general applications
C8 - 1.05 4.0 6.0 5.0 7.8 1.6 C8 280 320 8% Co-grade with improved hot hardness for end millls
E MAT II - 0.72 4.0 5.0 1.0 8.0 1.0 E MAT II 270 300 Grade for bimetal saws with good toughness
E M42 M42 1.08 3.8 9.4 1.5 8.0 1.2 E M42 280 320 Co-grade for cutting tools and bimetal bandsaws
WKE 42 - 1.27 4.0 3.6 9.5 10.0 3.2 WKE 42 300 350 Grade similar to M42 more wear resistance.
WKE 45 - 1.41 4.2 3.6 8.8 11.0 3.4 WKE 45 300 350 High alloyed grade for special tools.
* also available with sulfur, ** Si 1.0%; Mn 0.3% ASP 2078* S:0.23 * also available with sulfur, ** Si 1.0%; Mn 0.3% ASP 2078* S:0,23
12 ASP ®, BlueTap ® are registered trademarks of Erasteel 13
COMPARATIVE PROPERTIES
Machinability, Wear Hot Density in g/ cm3
Toughness Grindability
annealed resistance hardness
Grades Density
ASP 2004
ASP® Grades ASP 2004 8.0
ASP® without cobalt
ASP 2005
ASP 2005 7.8
ASP 2009
ASP 2009 7.5
ASP 2011
ASP 2011 7.4
ASP 2012
ASP 2023 ASP 2012 7.8
ASP 2053 ASP 2015 8.2

ASP 2017 8.0
ASP 2015
ASP 2023 8.0
ASP 2017
ASP 2030 8.1
ASP 2030
ASP® with cobalt
ASP 2042 8.0

ASP 2042
ASP 2048 8.2
ASP 2048
ASP 2051 ASP 2051 8.2
ASP 2052 ASP 2052 8.2

ASP 2055 ASP 2053 7.7
ASP 2060 ASP 2055 8.0
ASP 2062 ASP 2060 7.9
ASP 2078 ASP 2062 8.2
ASP 2078 7.9
Martensitic
Stainless
steel
ASP APZ10 Martensitic stainless steel grades ASP APZ10 7.8
BlueTap® Grades BlueTap Co 8.0

Bluetap®
BlueTapCo Standard Grades E T1 8.7

E M1 8.0
E T1 E M50 7.8
E M1 E M52 7.9
E M50 E M2 8.1
HSS, without cobalt
E M52 ABC III 8.0

E M2 E M7 7.9
ABC III E M3:2 8.0
E M7
Grindamax V3 8.0
E M3:2
E M4 8.0
Grindamax V3
E M4 Co Grades E 945 7.9
E M35 8.1
E 945
C8 8.1
E M35
HSS, with cobalt
E MAT II 7.9
C8
E M42 8.0
E MAT II
WKE 42 8.2
E M42
WKE 45 8.2
WKE 42
WKE 45
14 15
ASP® GRADES DATA SHEETS
DER - PURE
OW
PO
P
PURE
WER
FO
LS
R O
PR T O
E M IU M
The following datasheets are for information only and do not create any binding
contractual obligations.
Minimum hardness reachable depending on austenization temperature.
E M42
C8
E M3:2
E M7
E T1
WKE 42
ASP® GRADE DATASHEET

ASP® GRADES DATA // ASP®2004

WKE 45
ASP 2004
ASP 2005
ASP®2004 POWDER METALLURGY HSS

ASP 2015
ASP 2017
ASP 2023
ASP 2030
ASP 2052
ASP 2053
HRC °C ASP 2060
69
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION GUIDELINES FOR HARDENING PROPERTIES
67
4-POINT BEND STRENGTH
kN/mm2 Nm
HRC 65
C Cr Mo W V °C 8 24
68
PHYSICAL
63
PROPERTIES Tot.work
66 7 21
1.40 4.2 5.0 5.8 4.1 61 Temperature
1220
6 18
64 1180
1220 20°C 400°C 600°C Rmb
59 5 15
1150
62 1180 Density g /cm (1)
3
8.0 7.9 7.8
STANDARDS 60
1150 57
Modulus of elasticity
240 214
1100
192
4
Reb
12
55 3 9
• Europe: HS 6-5-4 • Germany: 13361 1100 kN/mm 2
(2)
58
53
Thermal expansion ratio 1050 2 6
56 - 12,1x10-6 12,7x10-6
DELIVERY HARDNESS per
51 °C (2)
1050
1 3
54 Thermal conductivity 1000
1000 49 24 28 27 0 0
Soft annealed max. 260 HB 52
W/m°C
520 (2) 540 560 580 600 620 1000 1040 1080 1120 1160 1200 °C
520 540 560 580 600 Specific heat J/kg °C (2) 420 510 600
Cold drawn max. 300 HB
Hardening Temperature in °C
Tempering Temperature in °C (1) Soft annealed
DESCRIPTION Hardness after hardening, quenching and tempering 3 x 1 hour (2) Hardened 1220°C and tempered 560°C, 3 x 1 hour Original dimension Ø 6 mm
Tempering 3 x 1 hour at 560°C
ASP®2004 is a high Vanadium alloyed grade with high
IMPACT TOUGHNESS Rmb = Ultimate bend strength in kN/mm²
wear resistance and toughness suitable for cold work
applications.
PROCESSING Nm HRC
Reb = Bend yield strength in kN/mm²
90 73
ASP®2004 can be worked as follows: Tot. work = Total work in Nm
APPLICATIONS • machining (grinding, turning, milling)
80
70
71
69
• Punches • Milling cutters • polishing 60 Impact energy 67 COMPRESSION YIELD STRESS
• Dies • Taps • plastic forming 50 65
• Rolls • Broaches • electrical discharge machining 40 63
• Rotating multi-edge cutting tools • welding (special procedure including preheating 30 61

and filler materials of base material composition) 20 Hardness 59
FORM SUPPLIED 10 57
• Coils • Forged blanks

GRINDING 0 55
1000 1040 1080 1120 1160 1200
• Flat & square bars • Round bars During grinding, local heating of the surface, which
may alter the temper, must be avoided. Grinding wheel Hardening Temperature in °C
Available surface conditions: drawn, ground, hot worked,
makers can give some advice on the choice of grinding Original dimension Ø 14 mm
peeled, rough machined, hot rolled.
wheels. Tempering 3 x 1 hour at 560° C
HEAT TREATMENT SURFACE TREATMENT MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET
• Soft annealing in a protective atmosphere at 850- MSDS: A
The steel grade is a perfect substrate material for PVD
900°C for 3 hours, followed by slow cooling at
coating. If nitriding is requested, a small diffusion zone
10°C/h down to 700°C, then air cooling. COMPARATIVE PROPERTIES
is recommended but avoid compound and oxidized
• Stress-relieving at 600-700°C for approximately layers. Wear Hot
2 hours, slow cooling down to 500°C. Machinability resistance Toughness hardness Grindability
E M2 Wear Hot
• Hardening in a protective atmosphere with pre- E M35 Machinability resistance Toughness hardness Grindability
heating in 2 steps at 450-500°C and 850-900°C E M42
C8 E M2
and austenitizing at a temperature suitable for chosen E M3:2 E M35
E M7 E M42
working hardness. Cooling down to 40-50°C. E T1
C8
• Tempering at 560°C three times for at least 1 hour each WKE 42
WKE 45 E M3:2
time. Cooling to room temperature (25°C) between E M7
ASP 2004
temperings. E T1
ASP 2005
ASP 2015 WKE 42
ASP 2017 WKE 45
ASP 2023
Approximate Conversion ASP 2030 ASP 2004
°C 20 25 400 450 500 520 540 560 600 620 700 800 850 900 ASP 2052
ASP 2005
ASP 2053
18 °F 70 80 750 840 930 970 1000 1040 1110 1150 1290 1470 1560 1650 ASP 2060 ASP 2015 19
ASP 2017
ASP 2023
0 0
950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200°C


HRC °C
66
ASP®2005 POWDER METALLURGY HSS kN/mm2

64
6
Nm
30
62
5 Rmb 25
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION GUIDELINES FOR HARDENING 60PROPERTIES COMPRESSION YIELD STRESS
HRC °C 4 20
C Cr Mo W Co V 66 58PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Reb
1180
1.50 4.0 2.5 2.5 - 4.0 64 3 1150 15

56 Temperature
20°C 400°CTot.work 600°C
62 2 1100 10
STANDARDS 60 1180
54 Density g /cm3 (1)
520
Modulus of540
elasticity560
7.8
580
1000
600
7.7
1050
620
7.6
• Europe: HS 3-3-4 1150

1kN/mm2 (2) 220 195 1755
58
• Germany: 1.3377 1100 Thermal expansion ratio
- 12,1x10 -6
12,7x10-6
56
0per °C (2) 0
950 conductivity
Thermal 1000 105024 1100 281150 1200°C
DELIVERY HARDNESS
1050
27
54 1000 W/m°C (2)
520 540 560 580 600 Specific heat J/kg °C (2) 420 510 600
Soft annealed max. 260 HB
Cold drawn max. 310 HB Tempering Temperature in °C (1) Soft annealed
(2) Hardened 1180°C and tempered 560°C, 3 x 1 hour
Cold rolled max. 310 HB Hardness after hardening, quenching and tempering 3 x 1 hour 4-POINT BEND STRENGTH
kN/mm2 Nm
DESCRIPTION IMPACT TOUGHNESS
PROCESSING Nm HRC 6 Wear
Machinability resistance Toughness
30
Hot
hardness Grindability
140 68
ASP 2005 is a grade for applications demanding high
®
ASP®2005 can be worked as follows: Impact energy
E M2 5 Rmb 25
E M3:2
toughness. 120 66
• machining (grinding, turning, milling) E M7
4 20
• polishing 100 64 Reb
APPLICATIONS
ASP 2005
ASP 2015 3 15
• plastic forming 80 62 ASP 2017
Cold work tools • electrical discharge machining
ASP 2023 2 Tot.work
10
60 60 ASP 2030
ASP 2052
• welding (special procedure including preheating
FORM SUPPLIED and filler materials of base material composition)
40
Hardness
58 ASP 2053 1
ASP 2060
5
20 56 0 0
• Round bars
950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200°C
• Flat & square bars GRINDING 0
950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200
54
Available surface conditions: drawn, ground, peeled, During grinding, local heating of the surface, which Original dimension Ø 6 mm
rough machined, hot rolled. may alter the temper, must be avoided. Grinding wheel Hardening Temperature in °C
manufacturers can give some advice on the choice of Original dimension Ø 16 mm Dimension of test piece Ø 4.7 mm
HEAT TREATMENT grinding wheels. Tempering 3 x 1 hour at 560° C
Rmb = Ultimate bend strength in kN/mm²
Unnotched test piece 7 x 10 x 55 mm
• Soft annealing in a protective atmosphere at 850- Reb = Bend yield strength in kN/mm²
900°C for 3 hours, followed by slow cooling at SURFACE TREATMENT Tot. work = Total work in Nm
10°C/h down to 700°C, then air cooling. MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET
• Stress-relieving at 600-700°C for approximately MSDS: A
2 hours, slow cooling down to 500°C. is recommended but avoid compound and oxidized
• Hardening in a protective atmosphere with pre- layers.
heating in 2 steps at 450-500°C and 850-900°C
Wear Hot
and austenitizing at a temperature suitable for chosen Machinability resistance Toughness hardness Grindability
working hardness. Cooling down to 40-50°C. E M2
• Tempering at 560°C three times for at least 1 hour each E M3:2
E M7
time. Cooling to room temperature (25°C) between
temperings. ASP 2005
ASP 2015
ASP 2017
ASP 2023
ASP 2030
Approximate Conversion ASP 2052
°C 20 25 400 450 500 520 540 560 600 620 700 800 850 900 ASP 2053
20 °F 70 80 750 840 930 970 1000 1040 1110 1150 1290 1470 1560 1650 ASP 2060 Wear Hot 21
Machinability resistance Toughness hardness Grindability
E M2
E M3:2

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION GUIDELINES FOR HARDENING PROPERTIES COMPRESSION YIELD STRESS
HRC 2
ºC
C Cr Mo W V 60 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 1,8
58 1,6
1.9 5.25 1.3 - 9.1 56 Temperature 1,4
1,2
54 20°C 400°C 600°C
1
STANDARDS 52
50 1180
Density g /cm3 (1)
7.5 7.4 7.3 0,8
0,6
1150 221 197 177
• AMS6557 48 1100 kN/mm2 (2) 0,4
46 1050 Thermal expansion ratio 0,2
11.1x10-6 11,6x10-6 11,9x10-6
DELIVERY HARDNESS 44 1000 per °C (2) 0
46 48 50 52 54 56
42 Thermal conductivity
Soft annealed max. 270 HB 24 28 27
40 W/m°C (2)
520 540 560 580 600
DESCRIPTION Specific heat J/kg °C (2) 420 510 600
ASP®2009 is a high alloyed PM grade for applications

Tempering Temperature in °C
(1) Soft annealed MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET
where high wear resistance and toughness are needed.
Hardness after hardening, quenching and tempering 3 x 1 hour (2) Hardened at 1180°C and tempered at 560°C, 3 x 1 hour MSDS: A
Wear Hot
APPLICATIONS PROCESSING E M2
ASP®2009 can be worked as follows:
IMPACT TOUGHNESS E M7
• Extrusion tooling E M3:2
• Hot work tools • machining (grinding, turning, milling) Grindamax TM V3
• Knives • polishing E M 35
C8
• Cold work • plastic forming E M42
• electrical discharge machining WKE 42
FORM SUPPLIED • welding (special procedure including preheating and
WkE 45
ASP 2004
• Coils filler materials of base material composition) 2
ASP 2005
1,8
• Forged blanks ASP 20
1,6 00 9
1,4
ASP 2011
• Round bars GRINDING 1,2
ASP
1 2015
• Flat & square bars During grinding, local heating of the surface, which ASP
0,8
0,6
2017
ASP 2023
Available surface conditions: drawn, ground, hot worked, may alter the temper, must be avoided. Grinding wheel 0,4
ASP
0,2 2030
peeled, rough machined, hot rolled. manufacturers can give some advice on the choice of ASP
0 2052
ASP 205348
46 50 52 54 56
grinding wheels.
HEAT TREATMENT Hardening Temperature in °C
ASP 2060
• Soft annealing: heat in a protective atmosphere to SURFACE TREATMENT Original dimension 9 x 12 mm

850-900°C, hold for 3 hours, slow cool at 10°C/h Tempering 3 x 1 hour at 560° C COMPARATIVE PROPERTIES
The steel grade is a perfect substrate material for PVD Wear Hot
down to 700°C, then air cooling. coating. If nitriding is requested, a small diffusion zone
Unnotched test piece 7 x 10 x 55 mm Machinability resistance Toughness hardness Grindability
E M2
• Stress-relieving: heat to 600-700°C for approximately is recommended but avoid compound and oxidized E M7
E M3:2
2 hours, slow cool down to below 500°C. layers. Grindamax TM V3
• Hardening: use a protective atmosphere. Pre-heat in E M 35

C8
2 steps at 450-500°C and 850-900°C. Austenitize E M42
WKE 42
at a temperature suitable for chosen working hardness. WkE 45
Quench down to 40-50°C or lower. ASP 2004

ASP 2005
• Temper three times at 560°C. Hold at least 1 hour at ASP 20
00 9
ASP 2011
temperature each time. Cool to room temperature ASP 2015
ASP 2017
(25°C) between tempers. ASP 2023
ASP 2030
ASP 2052
ASP 2053
ASP 2060
Approximate Conversion
°C 20 25 400 450 500 520 540 560 600 620 700 800 850 900
22 °F 70 80 750 840 930 970 1000 1040 1110 1150 1290 1470 1560 1650 23
4
Reb
3

2

1
ASP 2011 POWDER METALLURGY HSS

®
0
950 1000 1050 1100 1150

Rc 0.2
HRC °C kN/mm
2
C Cr Mo W Co V 70 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5
HRC
2.45 5.25 1.3 - - 9.75 65 70
Temperature
4
20°C 400°C 600°C
60
STANDARDS
65
Density g /cm (1) 3
7,4 7,3 7,3 3 Wear
Machinability resistance Tou
55 1180 Modulus of elasticity E M2
• USA: AISI A11 1120 60 220 197 177
kN/mm2 (2) 2
E M35
50 1050 E M42
• AMS6559 1000 Thermal expansion ratio
55 - 11.8x10-6 12.3x10-6
C8
per °C (2) E M3:2
9 50
45 1
DELIVERY HARDNESS 40
Thermal conductivity
50
W/m°C (2)
20 25 1180
1120
26
E M7
WKE 42
0 WKE 45
Soft annealed max. 280 HB 520 540 560 580 600 Specific heat
420
1050
510 1100 600 54 58 62 66 HRC ASP 2004
J/kg
45 °C (2)
Cold drawn max. 320 HB 950 ASP 2005
Tempering Temperature in °C 520 540 560 580 600 620 ASP 2011
Cold rolled max. 320 HB (1) Soft annealed ASP 2015
Hardness after hardening, quenching and tempering 3 x 1 hour (2) Hardened 1180°C and tempered 560°C, 3 x 1 hour 4-POINT BEND STRENGTH ASP 2017
ASP 2023
kN/mm
2 Nm ASP 2030
DESCRIPTION 6 48
ASP 2052
PROCESSING IMPACT TOUGHNESS Rmb

ASP 2053
ASP 2060
ASP®2011 is a high Vanadium grade for wear applications. Nm HRC 5
Tot.work
40
ASP®2011 can be worked as follows: 80 67
4 32
APPLICATIONS • machining (grinding, turning, milling) 70 65
Reb
• polishing 60
Impact energy
63
3 24
• Knives • Cold work
• plastic forming kN/mm
50
2 Nm
61 2 16
• Wear parts 6 48
• electrical discharge machining 40 Rmb 59
Tot.work 1 8
5 40
• welding (special procedure including preheating and
FORM SUPPLIED filler materials of base material composition)
30
4
20
32
57
55
0 0
950 1000 1050 1100 1150 °C
• Coils • Coarse Round bars 310 Hardness Reb
24 53
• Flat and square bars • Sheets Hardening Temperature in °C
GRINDING 20 16 51
• Discs • Pieces cut from sheets 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 Original dimension Ø 7,5 mm
During grinding, local heating of the surface, which 1 8
Available surface conditions: peeled, rough machined, may alter the temper, must be avoided. Grinding wheel 0 Hardening Temperature in °C
0 Dimension of test piece Ø 4.7 mm
cold rolled, hot rolled. manufacturers can give some advice on the choice of 950 1000
Rc 0.2
1050 1100 1150 °C
Original dimension 9 2x 12 mm
grinding wheels. kN/mm
Tempering 3 x 51 hour at 560° C
NB: High quality surface
HEAT TREATMENT Unnotched test piece 7 x 10 x 55 mm Rmb = Ultimate bend strength in kN/mm²
• Soft annealing in a protective atmosphere at 850- SURFACE TREATMENT 4
Tot. work = Total work in Nm
900°C for 3 hours, followed by slow cooling at The steel grade is a perfect substrate materialkN/mm
for PVD
Rc 0.2
2 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET
10°C/h down to 700°C, then air cooling. coating. If nitriding is requested, a small diffusion
5
zone MSDS: A 3 Wear Hot
• Stress-relieving at 600-700°C for approximately is recommended but avoid compound and 4 oxidized E M2
E M35
2 hours, slow cooling down to 500°C. layers. COMPARATIVE
2 PROPERTIES E M42
C8
• Hardening in a protective atmosphere with pre- 3 Wear
Hot
Grindability
E M3:2
hardness
E M35
1
E M7
and austenitizing at a temperature suitable for cho- 2 E M42 WKE 42
C8 0 WKE 45
sen working hardness. Cooling down to 40-50°C. E M3:2
54 58 62 66 HRC
1 ASP 2004
• Tempering at 560°C three times for at least 1 hour each E M7
WKE 42
ASP 2005
ASP 2011
time. Cooling to room temperature (25°C) between 0 WKE 45
ASP 2015
54 58 62 66 HRC
ASP 2005
ASP 2017
ASP 2023
ASP 2011 ASP 2030
ASP 2015
ASP 2052
ASP 2017
ASP 2023 ASP 2053
Approximate Conversion ASP 2030 ASP 2060
°C 20 25 400 450 500 520 540 560 600 620 700 800 850 900 ASP 2052
ASP 2053
24 °F 70 80 750 840 930 970 1000 1040 1110 1150 1290 1470 1560 1650 ASP 2060 25

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION GUIDELINES FOR HARDENING SURFACE
HRC TREATMENT °C WEAR RESISTANCE
60
The steel grade is a perfect substrate material for PVD 100
3000
C Si Mn Cr Mo W V coating. If nitriding is requested, a small diffusion zone 80 Elongation
2500 Rm
at rupture
0.60 1.0 0.3 4.0 2.0 2.1 1.5 is 56
recommended but avoid compound and oxidized
min/gram
60 2000 Rp0,2
layers.
MPa
52 40 1500
STANDARDS 1100°C
20 1000
• Europe: HS 2-2-2 PROPERTIES

48 1050°C 0 500
H13 ASP2012
• Germany: 1.3397 0
PHYSICAL
44 PROPERTIES 1000°C 52 HRC 58 HRC 0 200 400 600 800
DELIVERY HARDNESS 500 520 540 560 580 600 620

Temperature Wear resistance is measured as the time needed
Soft annealed max. 230 HB 20°C 400°C 600°C
-
for removal of one-gram material from a test piece.
Tempering Temperature in °C Density g /cm3 (1) 7.8 7.7 7.6 Technique: Pin-on-cylinder, dry SiO2-paper of grade
DESCRIPTION Hardness after hardening, quenching and tempering 3 x 1 hour Modulus of elasticity
220 195 175 00, sliding rate 0,3m/s, load 9N and size of specimen
kN/mm2 (2)
ASP2012® is a powder-metallurgy high-speed steel for Coeffi100
cient of thermal
2 x 5 x 30mm.
hot- and cold-work applications, where high toughness TEMPERING RESISTANCE expansion from 20°C, 100 - 12.1x10-6 12.7x10-6 3000
3000
40
40
is needed. per °C80 (2) Elongation
Elongation at rupture (%)

HRC Rm Rm Elongation 35
2500

60 80 2500 at at
rupture 35
Thermal conductivity rupture
24 28 27 3030
APPLICATIONS
min/gram
min/gram
W/m°C60(2) 60 2000 2000
1050°C/560°C 100 Rp0,2Rp0,2 2525
55
3000c heat J/kg °C (2)
Specifi 40 600
40420 510
MPa
• Cold work tools: powder compacting tools, cold ex-
MPa
40 1500 20 Wear
H131020°C/2x2h 550°C Elongation 1500 20 Machinability resistance Tough

80 Rm 35 15
trusion tools, cold-heading dies, fine blanking tools, 50 (1) Soft20annealed
2500 20 at rupture 1000 15
E M2
AISI H13
30 1000 10
moulds and inserts for hard plastics min/gram 60 (2)2000
Hardened 1180°C and0 tempered 560°C, 3 x 1 hour 500
5 10 ASP 2005
Rp0,2 25 ASP 2012
500
• Machine components and rolls 45 0 H13 ASP2012 0 05 ASP 2023
MPa
40 1500 20
IMPACT TOUGHNESS
ASP 2053
• Hot-work applications: extrusion dies, forging dies H13 52ASP2012
HRC 58 HRC 0
0 200 400 600 800
0
40 15
and punches, hot forming dies 1 10
20
100
1000
400 52 HRC 58 HRC 0 200 400 600 800
10
TENSILE STRENGTH
FORM SUPPLIED 500 -
Time (hours) at 550°C 0 350
H13 5
ASP 2012
H13 ASP2012 300 Test temperature in °C
0 0
Energy absorption - Joule

• Round bars - Size of blank Ø15mm.
PROCESSING
250 0 200 400 600 800
52 HRC 58 HRC Test piece dimension are given below.
• Flat bars 200
Hardness 58 HRC
Available surface conditions: drawn, peeled, rough machined. ASP 2012 can be machined as follows:
®
150
• machining (grinding, turning, milling) ASP 2023

HEAT TREATMENT
100
-
• polishing 50 AISI M2
• Soft annealing in a protective atmosphere at 850- • plastic forming 0
900°C for 3 hours, followed by slow cooling at • electrical discharge machining

48 50 52 54
Hardness HRC
56 58 60 62
10°C/h down to 700°C, then air cooling. Hardness HRC Wear Hot
• welding (special procedure including preheating and Machinability resistance Toughness hardness Grindability
• Stress-relieving at 600-700°C for approximately Original dimension Ø 118 mm E M2
filler materials of base material composition) Tempering 3 x 1 hour at 560° C
AISI H13
2 hours, slow cooling down to 500°C.
• Hardening in a protective atmosphere with pre-
Unnotched test piece 7 x 10 x 55 mm MATERIAL
ASP 2005
ASP 2012 SAFETY DATA SHEET
GRINDING MSDS: A
ASP 2023
ASP Machinability
2053
Wear
resistance Toughness
Hot
and austenitizing at a temperature suitable for chosen During grinding, local heating of the surface, which E M2
working hardness. Cooling down to 40-50°C. may alter the temper, must be avoided. Grinding wheel COMPARATIVE PROPERTIES AISI H13
manufacturers can give some advice on the choice of ASP 2005

• Tempering at 560°C three times for at least 1 hour each Wear ASP 2012
Hot
time. Cooling to room temperature (25°C) between grinding wheels. Machinability resistance Toughness ASP 2023 Grindability
hardness
E M2 ASP 2053
temperings. AISI H13
ASP 2005
°C 20 25 400 450 500 520 540 560 600 620 700 800 850 900 ASP 2023
°F 70 80 750 840 930 970 1000 1040 1110 1150 1290 1470 1560 1650 ASP 2053
26 27
HRC °C
ASP GRADE DATASHEET

®

68

® 63 1260
1220
1180
58
1150
1100
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION GUIDELINES FOR HARDENING PROPERTIES

53 COMPRESSION YIELD STRESS
HRC Rc 0.2
°C
C Cr Mo W Co V PHYSICAL
48 PROPERTIES kN/mm2
68
480 500 520 540 560 580 600 620 5
1.55 4.0 - 12 5.0 5.0 Temperature
1260
63 1220 20°C 400°C 600°C
STANDARDS 1180
1150
Density g /cm3 (1) 8.2 8.1 8.0
4
58 Modulus of elasticity
• USA: AISI T15 1100
kN/mm2 (2)
245 220 195
• Europe: HS 12-0-5-5 Thermal expansion ratio
53 - 11.0x10-6 11.7x10-6
• Germany: 1.3251 per °C (2)
3
24 28 27
480 500 520 540 560 580 600
W/m°C (2)
Specific heat J/kg °C (2) 420 510 600

Tempering Temperature in °C 2
Cold drawn max. 300 HB (1) Soft annealed 60 65 70 75

Hardness after hardening, quenching and tempering 3 x 1 hour (2) Hardened 1180°C and tempered 560°C, 3 x 1 hour
HRC
DESCRIPTION
PROCESSING MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET
ASP®2015 is a high Tungsten alloy grade for high IMPACT TOUGHNESS
performance cutting tools. ASP®2015 can be worked as follows: MSDS: B
Nm HRC
• machining (grinding, turning, milling) 70
APPLICATIONS • polishing 60 Impact energy 68
Machinability
Wear
Hot
E M2
• Endmills • Shaper cutters • plastic forming Rc 0.2 E M35
50kN/mm2
• Hobs • Broaches • electrical discharge machining E M42
5 C8
40 64
• welding (special procedure including preheating and E M3:2
FORM SUPPLIED filler materials of base material composition) 30 E M7

Hardness WKE 42
• Coils • Round bars 420 60 WKE 45
• Forged blanks • Flat & square bars GRINDING 10 ASP 2005
Available surface conditions: drawn, centerless-ground, During grinding, local heating of the surface, which ASP 2015
0 56 ASP 2017
hot-worked, peeled, rough-machined, cold rolled, hot may alter the temper, must be avoided. Grinding wheel 3
ASP 2023
1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250
rolled. manufacturers can give some advice on the choice of ASP 2030
ASP 2052
grinding wheels. Hardening Temperature in °C ASP 2053
HEAT TREATMENT 2
Original
60
dimension
65
9 x 12 mm
70 75
ASP 2060
SURFACE TREATMENT
HRC
• Soft annealing in a protective atmosphere at 850- Unnotched test piece 7 x 10 x 55 mm

900°C for 3 hours, followed by slow cooling at The steel grade is a perfect substrate material for PVD
10°C/h down to 700°C, then air cooling. coating. If nitriding is requested, a small diffusion zone
• Stress-relieving at 600-700°C for approximately 2 is recommended but avoid compound and oxidized COMPARATIVE PROPERTIES
hours, slow cooling down to 500°C. layers. Wear Hot
• Hardening in a protective atmosphere with pre- E M2
E M35
and austenitizing at a temperature suitable for chosen C8
E M3:2
working hardness. Cooling down to 40-50°C.
E M7
• Tempering at 560°C three times for at least 1 hour WKE 42
WKE 45
each time. Cooling to room temperature (25°C)
between temperings. ASP 2005
ASP 2015
ASP 2017
ASP 2023
ASP 2052
°C 20 25 400 450 500 520 540 560 600 620 700 800 850 900 ASP 2053
28 °F 70 80 750 840 930 970 1000 1040 1110 1150 1290 1470 1560 1650 ASP 2060 29

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION GUIDELINES FOR HARDENING SURFACE TREATMENT IMPACT TOUGHNESS
HRC
°C
The steel grade is a perfect substrate material for PVD Nm HRC
C Cr Mo W Co V Nb 68
160 66
66 140 65
0.80 4.0 3.0 3.0 8.0 1.0 1.0 is recommended but avoid compound and oxidized Impact energy
64 120 64
layers.
62 100 63
STANDARDS 60 1180 80 62
• Europe: HS 3-3-1-8 58
1150
1100
PROPERTIES 60
Hardness
61
56
• Germany: 1.3288 40 60
54
1050
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 20 59
52 1000
Temperature 0
950 1000 1050 1100 1150
58
1200
520 540 560 580 600 20°C 400°C 600°C
Soft annealed max. 260 HB 2 g /cm (1)
Density 3
8.0 7.9 7.8 Hardening Temperature in °C
Tempering Temperature in °C kN/mm Nm
Cold drawn max. 320 HB 7 Modulus of elasticity 70 Original dimension Ø 14 mm
235 210 190
Cold rolled max. 320 HB Tempering time 3 x 1 hour at 560°C kN/mm2 (2) Rmb
6 60
Thermal expansion ratio
- 12.1x10-6
12.7x10-6
per °C (2) 2
DESCRIPTION CCT CURVE 5
kN/mm
Thermal
7 conductivity
Tot.work
50
Nm
70 4-POINT BEND STRENGTH
4 Rmb 20 40
27.5 29
W/m°C
6 (3) kN/mm
2
Nm
ASP®2017 is a grade with high toughness and excellent 3
Reb 60
30 7 70
Specific heat
grindability. 5
J/kg °C (2)
420 510
50 600
6
Rmb
60
2 Tot.work 20
4 40
1 (1) Soft annealed 5 50
APPLICATIONS
Reb 10
3 30 Tot.work
0
(2) Hardened 1180°C and tempered 560°C,
020
3x1 hour 4 40
2
• Taps • Bi-metal saws (3)
950 Hardened
1000 1100°C
1050 and
1100 tempered
1150 1200°C 3x1 hour
560°C, 3
Reb
30
1 10
• Roughing end mills 0 0
2 20
COMPRESSION
950
1000 1050 YIELD
1100 1150 STRESS 1200°C 1 10
FORM SUPPLIED 0
950 1000 1050 1100 1150
0
1200°C
• Coils • Forged blanks Hardening Temperature in °C
• Round bars • Flat & square bars Continuous cooling transformation curve Original dimension Ø 6 mm
Available surface conditions: drawn, ground, hot worked, Hardening temperature 1180 °C Tempering 3 x 1 hour at 560° C
peeled, rough machined, cold rolled, hot rolled.
PROCESSING Reb = Bend yield strength in kN/mm²
HEAT TREATMENT ASP®2017 can be machined as follows: Tot. work = Total work in Nm
• Soft annealing in a protective atmosphere at 850- • machining (grinding, turning, milling)
10°C/h down to 700°C, then air cooling.
• polishing MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET
• plastic forming MSDS: B
• Stress-relieving at 600-700°C for approximately 2 • electrical discharge machining
hours, slow cooling down to 500°C.
• welding (special procedure including preheating and Wear Hot
Wear Hot
• Hardening in a protective atmosphere with pre- filler materials of base material composition) Machinability
E M2 E M2
Machinability resistance
Toughness hardness
Grindability
heating in 2 steps at 450-500°C and 850-900°C E M35E M35

E M42E M42 Wear Hot
and austenitizing at a temperature suitable for chosen GRINDING C8 C8
E M3:2 E M2
working hardness. Cooling down to 40-50°C. E M3:2 E M35

During grinding, local heating of the surface, which E M7 E M42
• Tempering at 560°C three times for at least 1 hour each may alter the temper, must be avoided. Grinding wheel E M7 E T1 C8
E T1
WKE 42 E M3:2
time. Cooling to room temperature (25°C) between manufacturers can give some advice on the choice of WKE 45
WKE 42
temperings. grinding wheels. WKE 45
ASP 2005
E M7
E T1
ASP 2015 WKE 42
ASP 2005
ASP 2017 WKE 45
ASP 2015
ASP 2023
ASP 2030 ASP 2005
ASP 2023
ASP 2052 ASP 2015
°C 20 25 400 450 500 520 540 560 600 620 700 800 850 900 ASP 2030
ASP 2053 ASP 2017
ASP 2060
30 °F 70 80 750 840 930 970 1000 1040 1110 1150 1290 1470 1560 1650 ASP 2052 ASP 2023
ASP 2030 31
ASP 2053
ASP 2060 ASP 2052
ASP 2053

HRC °C
68
ASP®2023 POWDER METALLURGY HSS 66

64
62
60 1180
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION GUIDELINES FOR HARDENING SURFACE TREATMENT

58
1150 4-POINT BEND STRENGTH
56
HRC °C
The steel grade is a perfect substrate material
1100 for PVD kN/mm
2
Nm
C Cr Mo W Co V 68
54
coating. If nitriding is requested, a small diffusion zone 6 30
66 52 1050
1.28 4.0 5.0 6.4 - 3.1 is recommended but avoid compound and oxidized
50 5
Rmb
25
64
62 1180
layers.
48
1000
4 20
STANDARDS 60 1150
520 540 560 580 600 620 Reb
• USA: AISI M3:2 • Europe: HS 6-5-3

58
56
1100 PROPERTIES 3
Tot.work
15
2 10
• Germany: 1.3395 • Japan: JIS SKH53 54 1050
52 1000 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 1 5
48 Temperature 0 0
950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200°C
Soft annealed max. 260 HB 520 540 560 580 600 20°C 400°C 600°C
Cold drawn max. 300 HB Tempering Temperature in °C Density g /cm3 (1) 8.0 7.9 7.9 Hardening Temperature in °C
Cold rolled max. 320 HB Hardness after hardening, quenching and tempering 3 x 1 hour
kN/mm2 (2)
230 205 184 Original dimension Ø 6 mm Tempering 3 x 1 hour at 560° C
Thermal expansion ratio Wear Dimension of test pieceHot
Ø 4.7 mm
DESCRIPTION CCT CURVE per °C (2)
- Machinability
12.1x10
E M2
-6
12.7x10-6resistance Toughness hardness
Grindability
Thermal conductivity E M35

ASP 2023 is a non Cobalt grade for high performance
®
24 28
E M42 27 Reb = Bend yield strength in kN/mm²
W/m°C (2)
cutting tools, cold work tools and rolls for cold rolling. C8 Tot. work = Total work in Nm
Specific heat E M3:2
420 510 600
J/kg °C (2)
APPLICATIONS (1) Soft annealed
E M7 COMPRESSION YIELD STRESS
E T1
• Gear cutting tools • Cold work (2) Hardened 1180°C and tempered
WKE560°C,
42 3 x 1 hour 2
WKE 45 kN/mm
• Broaches • Rolls 6
• Taps • Knives IMPACT TOUGHNESSASP 2005
ASP 2015 2 5 Nm
Rmb
kN/mm
Nm ASP 2017 HRC
FORM SUPPLIED
6 30
120 ASP 2023 67 4
Rmb
ASP 2030 5 25
• Round bars • Flat & square bars 100

ASP 2052
65 4
3 20
ASP 2053
• Strips • Sheets Continuous cooling transformation curve
Impact energy ASP 2060 3
Reb
2 15
80 63
• Discs • Coils Hardening temperature 1180 °C 2
Tot.work
10
60 61 1
Available surface conditions: drawn, ground, peeled, 1 5
rough machined, cold rolled, hot rolled. PROCESSING 40
Hardness
59
0
950 1000 1050 1100 1150
0
0
950
1200°C
1000 1050 11
HEAT TREATMENT ASP®2023 can be machined as follows: 20 57
• machining (grinding, turning, milling)

• Soft annealing in a protective atmosphere at 850-
• polishing
0
950 1000 1050 1100 1150
55
1200
900°C for 3 hours, followed by slow cooling at Wear Hot
• plastic forming Hardening Temperature in °C Machinability resistance Toughness Wear Grindability
hardness H
10°C/h down to 700°C, then air cooling. E M2 Machinability resistance Toughness hard
• electrical discharge machining Original dimension 9 x 12 mm E M35
E M2
• Stress-relieving at 600-700°C for approximately 2 • welding (special procedure including preheating and E M42
E M35
Tempering 3 x 1 hour at 560° C C8
hours, slow cooling down to 500°C. filler materials of base material composition) Unnotched test piece 7 x 10 x 55 mm
E M3:2 E M42
C8
E M3:2
heating in 2 steps at 450-500°C and 850-900°C GRINDING MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET
E T1
WKE 42
WKE 45 E M7
and austenitizing at a temperature suitable for chosen During grinding, local heating of the surface, which MSDS: A E T1
ASP 2005
working hardness. Cooling down to 40-50°C. may alter the temper, must be avoided. Grinding wheel ASP 2015 WKE 42
ASP 2017 WKE 45
• Tempering at 560°C three times for at least 1 hour each manufacturers can give some advice on the choice of ASP 2023
time. Cooling to room temperature (25°C) between grinding wheels. ASP 2030
ASP 2052
ASP 2005
ASP 2015
ASP 2060 ASP 2017
ASP 2023
°C 20 25 400 450 500 520 540 560 600 620 700 800 850 900 ASP 2052
°F 70 80 750 840 930 970 1000 1040 1110 1150 1290 1470 1560 1650 ASP 2053
32 ASP 2060
33

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION GUIDELINES FOR HARDENING SURFACE TREATMENT
HRC °C
70
68
HRC °C The
66 steel grade is a perfect substrate material for PVD kN/mm
2
Nm
C Cr Mo W Co V 70
coating.
64 If nitriding is requested, a small diffusion zone
6 18
Rmb
68
1.28 4. 2 5.0 6.4 8.5 3.1 is62 recommended but avoid compound and oxidized 5 15
66
layers.
60 1180
4 12
64 58
STANDARDS
1150
1180 Reb
62 56
3 9
PROPERTIES
1150 1100
54 Tot.work
60
• Europe: HS 6-5-3-8 1100 52
1000 1050
2 6
58 520 540 560 580 600 620
DELIVERY HARDNESS 56 1050

54 1000
Soft annealed max. 300 HB 52 Temperature
0
950 1000 1050 1100 1150
0
1200 °C
Cold drawn max. 320 HB 520 540 560 580 600 20°C 400°C 600°C
Cold rolled max. 320 HB Tempering Temperature in °C Density g /cm3 (1) 8.1 7.9 7.9
Machinability
Wear
resistance
Hot
Toughness hardness Grindability
Modulus of elasticity E M2 Original dimension Ø 6 mm Tempering 3 x 1 hour at 560° C
Tempering time 3 x 1 hour at 560°C 240 214 192
DESCRIPTION kN/mm2 (2)
E M35
E M42
Dimension of test piece Ø 4.7 mm
ASP®2030 is a Cobalt grade for high performance CCT CURVE per °C (2)
- 11.8x10-6 C812.3x10-6
E M3:2
cutting tools. Thermal conductivity Reb = Bend yield strength in kN/mm²
24 28 E M7 27
W/m°C (2) WKE 42 Tot. work = Total work in Nm
APPLICATIONS Specific heat
J/kg °C (2)
420 510
WKE 45
E MAT II 600
• End mills • Taps (1) Soft annealed

ASP 2005
ASP 2015
COMPRESSION YIELD STRESS
• Hobs • Drills (2) Hardened 1180°C and tempered 560°C,ASP
3x12017
hour
ASP 2023
kN/mm
2
6
• Shaper cutters • Cold work tools ASP 2030
ASP 2052 Rmb
• Broaches • Bi-metal saws IMPACT TOUGHNESS ASP 2053 5
ASP 2060
2
FORM SUPPLIED
Nm HRC kN/mm Nm
50 68 6 4 18
Impact energy Rmb
• Coils • Flat & square bars 40 66 5
3
Reb
15
Tot.work
• Round bars • Forged blanks Continuous cooling transformation curve 4 12
30 64
2
• Sheets Hardening temperature 1180 °C 3
Reb
9
Available surface conditions: drawn, ground, hot worked, 20 62 Tot.work

1
peeled, rough machined. PROCESSING 10 Hardness 60
2 6
1 0 3
ASP®2030 can be machined as follows:
HEAT TREATMENT • machining (grinding, turning, milling)
0
950 1000 1050 1100 1150
58
1200 0
950 1000
0
1050 1100 11
950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 °C

• Soft annealing in a protective atmosphere at 850- • polishing Hardening Temperature in °C
COMPARATIVE PROPERTIES Wear Hot
900°C for 3 hours, followed by slow cooling at Original dimension 9 x 12 mm - Tempering 3 x 1 hour at 560° C WearMachinability resistance Toughness hardness
• plastic forming Eresistance
M2
Hot
10°C/h down to 700°C, then air cooling. Unnotched test piece 7 x 10 x 55 mm E M2
Machinability Toughness hardness Grindability
• electrical discharge machining E M35

• Stress-relieving at 600-700°C for approximately 2 E M35
E M42 E M42
hours, slow cooling down to 500°C. • welding (special procedure including preheating and C8
filler materials of base material composition) MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET C8
E M3:2 E M3:2
• Hardening in a protective atmosphere with pre- MSDS: B E M7
and austenitizing at a temperature suitable for chosen

GRINDING WKE 42
WKE 45 WKE 42
E MAT II WKE 45
working hardness. Cooling down to 40-50°C. During grinding, local heating of the surface, which E MAT II
ASP 2005
• Tempering at 560°C three times for at least 1 hour each may alter the temper, must be avoided. Grinding wheel ASP 2015
ASP 2017 ASP 2005
time. Cooling to room temperature (25°C) between manufacturers can give some advice on the choice of ASP 2023 ASP 2015
temperings. grinding wheels. ASP 2030
ASP 2052
ASP 2017
ASP 2053 ASP 2023
ASP 2060 ASP 2030
°C 20 25 400 450 500 520 540 560 600 620 700 800 850 900 ASP 2053
34 °F 70 80 750 840 930 970 1000 1040 1110 1150 1290 1470 1560 1650 ASP 2060 35

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION • Tempering at 560°C three times for at least 1 hour each PROPERTIES
Nm HRC
time. Cooling to room temperature (25°C) between 22 71 kN/mm2 Nm
C Cr Mo W Co V temperings.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
20 Hardness
6
Rmb
30
1.08 3. 8 9.4 1.5 8.0 1.2 5 25

GUIDELINES FOR HARDENING 18
Temperature
69
20°C 400°C 600°C 4 Reb
20
STANDARDS 72
HRC
°C Density g /cm3 (1) 16 8.0 7.9 7.9
Modulus of elasticity 225 200 180 3 15
• USA: AISI M42 • Japan: JIS SKH59 70 kN/mm2 (2) 33x106 29x106 26x106 67 Tot work
14
2 10
• Europe: HS 2-9-1-8 • Germany: ≈ 1.3247 68 Thermal expansion ratio
- 11.5x10
Impact
-6 energy
11.8x10-6
119 0 per °C (2) 12 1 5
66 1180
1150
1100
W/m°C (2) 10 24 28 27 65 0 0
1090 1120 1150 1180 1030 1080 1130 1180 °C
Soft annealed max. 280 HB 62 Specific heat
420 510 600
°C
J/kg °C (2)
Cold drawn max. 320 HB 60 Hardening Temperature in °C
Cold rolled max. 320 HB 58
(1) Soft annealed Dimension of test piece Ø 6 mm
(2) Hardened 1180°C and tempered 560°C, 3 x 1 hour Tempering 3 x 1 hour at 560° C
56
DESCRIPTION 520 540 560 580 600 Dimension of test piece Ø 4.7 mm
ASP 2042 is a PM HSS grade with high hardness and

® Tempering Temperature in °C IMPACT TOUGHNESS Machinability
Wear
Rmb =
resistance Ultimate bend strength
Toughness
Hot
hardness in kN/mm²
Grindability
E MAT II
high toughness. It is an upgraded material in particular in Hardness after hardening, quenching and tempering 3 x 1 hour Nm HRC
E M2
applications where standard M42 is traditionally used,
22 71
E M3:1 kN/mm2 Tot. work = Total work in NmNm
E M3:2
6 30
e.g. for laser-welded bimetal saws with improved saw
performance, thanks to its higher hardness and toughness.
PROCESSING 20 Hardness E M42
ASP 2042
Rmb
ASP®2042 can be worked as follows: ASP 2030

5
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA
25
SHEET
It is also recommended for high performance compo- 18 69
ASP 2060 RebMSDS: B
Nm HRC 4 20
nents. • grinding 22 71 kN/mm2 Nm
16
• milling 6 3 30 15
APPLICATIONS 20 Hardness Rmb
• laser welding 14
5
67
2 25
Tot work
10
18 69
• Bandsaws, jig & sabre saws, hole saws Impact energy Reb
GRINDING 12 4 1 20 5
• High performance components 16
During grinding, local heating of the surface, which 10 3 65 0 15 0
may alter the temper, must be avoided. Grinding wheel 1090 1120 67 1150 1180
FORM SUPPLIED
14 °C Tot work 1030 108010 1130 1180 °C
2
manufacturers can give some advice on the choice of 12
Impact energy
• Bimetal edge wire • Round bars grinding wheels. 1 5
Original dimension 9 x 12 mm
10 65 0 0
Tempering1180
3 x 1 hour at 560° C
HEAT TREATMENT SURFACE TREATMENT
1090 1120 1150 °C 1030
1080 1130 1180 °C
• Soft annealing in a protective atmosphere at 850- The steel grade is a perfect substrate material for PVD Wear Hot
900°C for 3 hours, followed by slow cooling at coating. If nitriding is requested, a small diffusion zone E MAT II
10°C/h down to 700°C, then air cooling. is recommended but avoid compound and oxidized COMPARATIVE PROPERTIES E M2
E M3:1
• Stress-relieving at 600-700°C for approximately 2 layers. EWear
M3:2 Hot
hours, slow cooling down to 500°C. Machinability E M42
resistance Toughness hardness Grindability
E MAT II ASP 2042
ASP 2030
heating in 2 steps at 450-500°C and 850-900°C E M3:1
E M3:2 ASP 2060
and austenitizing at a temperature suitable for chosen E M42
ASP 2042
working hardness. Cooling down to 40-50°C.
ASP 2030
ASP 2060
°C 20 25 400 450 500 520 540 560 600 620 700 800 850 900
36 °F 70 80 750 840 930 970 1000 1040 1110 1150 1290 1470 1560 1650 37

ASP®2048 POWDER METALLURGY HSS Nm
40
HRC
70
35
Impact energy
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION GUIDELINES FOR HARDENING PROPERTIES COMPRESSION
30 YIELD STRESS 68
HRC 25
ºC 4
C Cr Mo W Co V 70
68
1.50 3. 75 5.25 9.75 8.50 3.10 Temperature
3 ,5
15
66
1200
Also available with sulfur 64
1180 20°C 400°C 600°C Rc 0, 2
1150 3 10 64
62 Density g /cm3 (1) 8.3 8.2 8.2
5
STANDARDS 60
1100
1050
kN/mm2 (2)
214 185 270 2, 5
0
Hardness
62
58
• USA: AISI M48 1000 Thermal expansion ratio 2
950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250
56 10.8x10-6 11,4x10-6 12,2x10-6
per °C (2) 62 65 68 71
54
W/m°C (2)
24 28 27

520 540 560 580 600
Specific heat
4-POINT BEND STRENGTH Machinability
420 510 600 E M2
Tempering Temperature in °C J/kg °C (2) 6 20
E M7
DESCRIPTION Hardness after hardening, quenching and tempering 3 x 1 hour (1) Soft annealed 5
Rmb 18
16
E M3:2
GrindamaxTM V3
(2) Hardened 1180°C and tempered 560°C, 3 x 1 hour E M35
ASP®2048 is a high alloyed PM steel for high performance 4
14
cutting tools. PROCESSING IMPACT TOUGHNESS

Reb 12
C8
E MAT II
3 10 E M42
ASP 2048 can be worked as follows:
®
APPLICATIONS Nm HRC 8
ASP 2005
• machining (grinding, turning, milling) 40 70
2
Tot work 6 ASP 2015
• Hobs • End mills • polishing 35 1 4 4 ASP 2017
ASP 2023
2
• Shaper cutters • plastic forming 30
Impact energy
68
3,5
ASP 2030
0 3 0 ASP 2048
• electrical discharge machining 25 950 10002,5 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 ASP 2052
FORM SUPPLIED Nm
• welding (special procedure including40preheating and HRC
70 20 66 Hardening
2
Temperature in °C
ASP 2053
ASP 2060
1,5
• Coils • Round bars filler materials of base material composition)
35 15 4 Dimension of test
1 piece Ø 6 mm
• Flat & square bars Impact energy 3,5 Tempering 3 0,5
x 1 hour at 560° C
Available surface conditions: drawn, ground, hot worked,
GRINDING 30 68 10 3 64 0
Dimensionsof test piece Ø 4.7 mm
2,5 62 64 66 68 70
25 5
peeled, rough machined, hot rolled. During grinding, local heating of the surface, which may Hardness
2 Rmb = Ultimate bend strength in kN/mm²
alter the temper, must be avoided. Grinding
20 wheel ma- 66 0 1,5 62
950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250
HEAT TREATMENT kers can give some advice on the choice
wheels.
15 of grinding
0,5
1
10 64
• Soft annealing: Heat in a protective atmosphere to 0
Original dimension 9 x 12 mm 62 64 66 68 70
850-900°C, hold for 3 hours, slow cool at 10°C/h 5
MATERIAL SAFETY
Wear
DATA SHEET
Hot
down to 700°C, then air cooling.

SURFACE TREATMENT Hardness
E M2
Machinability
0 62 6 Unnotched test piece 7 x 10 x 55 mm 20 MSDS: B
• Stress-relieving: Heat to 600-700°C for approximately The steel grade is a perfect substrate material1000for PVD
950 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250
Rmb 18
E M7
5
E M3:2
2 hours, slow cool down to below 500°C. coating. If nitriding is requested, a small diffusion zone 16 GrindamaxTM V3
is recommended but avoid compound and oxidized COMPARATIVE PROPERTIES 14 E M35
• Hardening: Use a protective atmosphere. Pre-heat in 4 C8
layers. Reb Wear 12 HotE MAT II
2 steps at 450-500°C and 850-900°C. Austenitize 3
10
hardness
E M42
Grindability
6 20 E M2
at a temperature suitable for chosen working hardness. E M7 8
18 2 ASP 2005
Quench down to 40-50°C or lower. 5
Rmb E M3:2
Tot work 6 ASP 2015
16 GrindamaxTM V3
4 ASP 2017
• Temper three times at 560°C. Hold at least 1 hour 14 1 E M35 ASP 2023
4 C8 2
at temperature each time. Cool to room temperature Reb 12 E MAT II
ASP 2030
0 0 ASP 2048
(25°C) between tempers. 3 10
950 1000
E M42
1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 ASP 2052
8 ASP 2053
2 ASP 2005 ASP 2060
Tot work 6 ASP 2015
4 ASP 2017
1 ASP 2023
2
ASP 2030
0 0 ASP 2048
950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250
°C 20 25 400 450 500 520 540 560 600 620 700 800 850 900 ASP 2053
38 °F 70 80 750 840 930 970 1000 1040 1110 1150 1290 1470 1560 1650 ASP 2060 39

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION austenitising at a temperature suitable for chosen PROPERTIES 4-POINT BEND STRENGTH
working hardness.
C Cr Mo W Co V • 3 tempers at 560°C are recommended with at least PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
1 hour holding time each time.
1.27 4. 0 3.6 9.5 10.0 3.2 Temperature
20°C 400°C 600°C
STANDARDS GUIDELINES FOR HARDENING Density g /cm3 (1) 8.2 8.1 8.1
HRC °C Modulus of elasticity
• Europe: HS 10-4-3-10 73 kN/mm2 (2)
240 215 190
• USA : AISI M51 Thermal expansion ratio
69 - 10.2 x 10-6 10.9x10-6
• France: AFNOR Z130WKCDV10.10.4.4.3 per °C (2)
• Sweden: SS 2736 65 W/m°C (2)
24 28 27
123 0
• Japan: JIS SKH57 1200 Specific heat
61
1180 420 510 600 Original dimension Ø 6 mm Tempering 3 x 1 hour at 560° C
• Germany: 1.3207 1150 J/kg °C (2)
1100
57
(1) Soft annealed Rmb = Ultimate bend strength in kN/mm²
DELIVERY HARDNESS (2) Hardened 1180°C and tempered 560°C, 3x1 hour
53
Soft annealed max. 300 HB 520 540 560 580 600 IMPACT TOUGHNESS Tot. work = Total work in Nm
Tempering Temperature in °C MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET
DESCRIPTION Tempering time 3 x 1 hour at 560°C MSDS: B
ASP®2051 is a tungsten powder metallurgy high speed

steel containing 10 percent cobalt. ASP®2051 is harder PROCESSING
than many high speed steels and in addition it has a good ASP®2051 can be machined as follows:
toughness. ASP®2051 is used mainly for tools requiring • machining (grinding, turning, milling)
maximum abrasion resistance and medium toughness.
• polishing
• plastic forming
APPLICATIONS • electrical discharge machining
• Toolbits • Form tools
• welding (special procedure including preheating and Hardening Temperature in °C
• Cold work tools • Bandsaws filler materials of base material composition) Tempering 3 x 1 hour at 560° C
• Milling cutters Unnotched test piece 7 x 10 x 55 mm
GRINDING
FORM SUPPLIED During grinding, local heating of the surface, which COMPARATIVE PROPERTIES
• Bimetal edge may alter the temper, must be avoided. Grinding wheel Wear Hot
Available surface condition: Cold rolled. manufacturers can give some advice on the choice of Machinability resistance Toughness hardness Grindability
E M2
grinding wheels. E M7
HEAT TREATMENT
E M3:2
GrindamaxTM V3
• Soft annealing in a protective atmosphere at 850-

SURFACE TREATMENT E M35
C8
900°C for 3 hours, followed by slow cooling 10°C The steel grade is a perfect substrate material for PVD E MAT II
E M42
per hour down to 700°C, then air cooling. coating. If nitriding is requested, a small diffusion zone
• Stress-relieving at 600°C to 700°C for is recommended but avoid compound and oxidized ASP 2005
ASP 2015
approximately 2 hours, slow cooling down to 500°C. layers. ASP 2017
ASP 2023
• Hardening in a protective atmosphere with pre-hea- ASP 2030
ASP 2042
ting in 2 steps at 450-500°C and 850-900°C and ASP 2051
ASP 2053
ASP 2060
°C 20 25 400 450 500 520 540 560 600 620 700 800 850 900
40 °F 70 80 750 840 930 970 1000 1040 1110 1150 1290 1470 1560 1650 41
64
62
60 1240
58 1200
ASP GRADE DATASHEET

®

56 1150
54

1100
® 52
50 1000
520 540 560 580 600 620

HRC °C kN/mm2 Nm
C Cr Mo W Co V 70
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
7 21
68 Tot.work
6 18
1.60 4. 8 2.0 10.5 8.0 5.0 66 Rmb
Temperature
64 5 15
20°C 400°C 600°C
STANDARDS
1240
62
1200 Density g /cm (1)
34
8.2 8.1 8.112
60
• Europe: HS 10-2-5-8 58
kN/mm2 (2)
3 245 218 1969
1100 Reb
56
Thermal expansion
2 ratio 6
DELIVERY HARDNESS - 11.2 x 10 11.7x10-6
-6
54
per °C (2)
52 1000 1 3
W/m°C (2) 0
24 28
0
27
520 540 560 580 600
Cold drawn max. 320 HB Specific heat 1000 1040 1080 1120 1160 1200 1240
420 510 600
Tempering Temperature in °C J/kg °C (2)
DESCRIPTION Tempering time 3 x 1 hour at 560°C (1) Soft annealed 4-POINT BEND STRENGTH
(2) Hardened 1180°C and tempered 560°C, 3x1 hour Nm
ASP®2052 is a high W-alloyed grade for high performance kN/mm2
cutting tools. PROCESSING IMPACT TOUGHNESS

7
6
Tot.work
21
18
Rmb
ASP®2052 can be machined as follows: Nm HRC
APPLICATIONS • machining (grinding, turning, milling) 80 67
Machinability
Wear
resistance
5
Toughness
4
Hot
hardness
15
Grindability12
E M2
• End mills • Taps • polishing kN/mm2
70
Nm
Impact energy E M35
66
3 9
• Shaper cutters • Hobs • plastic forming 7 60 E M4221 65
2
Reb
6
Tot.work
50 C8 64
• electrical discharge machining 6
Rmb E M3:2
18
FORM SUPPLIED
1 3
40 63
• welding (special procedure including preheating and 5
E M7
15
0 0
30 62
• Coils • Round bars filler materials of base material composition) 4 E T112 1000 1040 1080 1120 1160 1200 1240
20 Hardness 61
WKE 42
Available surface conditions: drawn, ground, peeled, 3
WKE 459
rough machined, hot rolled. GRINDING 2
10
Reb
E MAT II6
60
Original dimension Ø 6 mm Tempering 3 x 1 hour at 560° C
0 59
During grinding, local heating of the surface, which 1
1000 1040 1080 1120
ASP 1160
2005 1200
3
1240
°C
HEAT TREATMENT may alter the temper, must be avoided. Grinding wheel
0
ASP 2015
Hardening Temperature
ASP 2017 0 in °C
manufacturers can give some advice on the choice of Reb = Bend yield strength in kN/mm²
Wear Hot
• Soft annealing in a protective atmosphere at 850- Original dimension 70 ASP
x 15 2023
1000 1040 1080 1120 1160 1200 1240
mm Machinability resistance Toughness hardness Grindability
grinding wheels. ASP 2030 Tot. work =E Total
M2 work in Nm
900°C for 3 hours, followed by slow cooling at Tempering 3 x 1 hour at 560°
ASP C
2052 E M35
10°C/h down to 700°C, then air cooling. Unnotched test piece 7ASP
x 102053
x 55 mm E M42
• Stress-relieving at 600-700°C for approximately

SURFACE TREATMENT ASP 2060 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET
C8
E M3:2
The steel grade is a perfect substrate material for PVD MSDS: B
2 hours, slow cooling down to 500°C.
• Hardening in a protective atmosphere with pre- coating. If nitriding is requested, a small diffusion zone COMPARATIVE PROPERTIES E M7
E T1
Wear Hot WKE 42
heating in 2 steps at 450-500°C and 850-900°C is recommended but avoid compound and oxidized Machinability resistance Toughness hardness Grindability WKE 45
and austenitizing at a temperature suitable for chosen layers. E M2 E MAT II
E M35
ASP 2005
ASP 2015
C8 ASP 2017
• Tempering at 560°C three times for at least 1 hour E M3:2 ASP 2023
each time. Cooling to room temperature (25°C) E M7
ASP 2030
ASP 2052
between temperings. E T1 ASP 2053
WKE 42 ASP 2060
WKE 45
E MAT II
ASP 2005
ASP 2015
ASP 2017
ASP 2023
°C 20 25 400 450 500 520 540 560 600 620 700 800 850 900 ASP 2052
ASP 2053
42 °F 70 80 750 840 930 970 1000 1040 1110 1150 1290 1470 1560 1650 ASP 2060 43

ASP®2053 POWDER METALLURGY HSS HRC °C
68
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION GUIDELINES FOR HARDENING SURFACE

66
64
TREATMENT 4-POINT BEND STRENGTH
HRC The62steel grade is a perfect substrate material for PVD kN/mm Nm
C Cr Mo W Co V 68
6 12
66 60
Tot.work
2.48 4. 2 3.1 4.2 - 8.0 64
is 58
recommended but avoid compound1180and oxidized 5 10
62
layers.
56 1150
4
Rmb
Nm 8
STANDARDS 60
1180
1150
54
1100
3
Reb
6
1050
• Europe: HS 4-3-8 58 52
PROPERTIES
1100
1000 2 4
• Germany: 1.3352 56 1050 50
520 540 560 580 600 620
• AMS6556 54 1000 1 2
52 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
520 540 560 580 600 Temperature
0
950 1000 1050 1100 1150
0
1200
Soft annealed max. 300 HB 20°C 400°C 600°C Hardening Temperature in °C

Cold drawn max. 340 HB Density g /cm3 (1) 7.7 7.6 7.5
Tempering time 3 x 1 hour at 560°C Original dimension Ø 16 mm Tempering 3 x 1 hour at 560° C
Cold rolled max. 340 HB Modulus of elasticity Dimension of test piece Ø 4.7 mm
250 220 200
kN/mm2 (2)
DESCRIPTION CCT CURVE Thermal expansion ratio Machinability
Wear
RmbToughness
resistance = Ultimatehardness
bend
Hot
strength in kN/mm²
Grindability
- 11.1x10-6E M2 11.7x10 -6
per °C (2) Reb = Bend yield strength in kN/mm²
ASP®2053 is a high V-alloyed grade with excellent E M35
24 28 E M42
27 Tot. work = Total work in Nm
abrasive wear resistance. W/m°C (2) C8
E M3:2
Specific heat
APPLICATIONS J/kg °C (2)
420 510
E M7 600 COMPRESSION YIELD STRESS
E T1 kN/mm
(1) Soft annealed WKE 42 kN/mm 6 Nm
• Cold work tools • Textile knives WKE 45 6 12
• Wood tools • Bi-metal saws (2) Hardened 1180°C and tempered 560°C, 3x1
E MAT II hour Tot.work
Tot.work 5
• Paper cutting knives ASP 2005 5 10
IMPACT TOUGHNESS ASP 2015
ASP 2017 Rmb Rmb
Nm Nm
FORM SUPPLIED
4 4 8
ASP 2023
Nm ASP HRC
2030 Reb
70 68
ASP 2052 3 Reb
6
• Coils • Sheets ASP 2053
3
Continuous cooling transformation curve Impact energy ASP 2060
• Round bars • Discs Hardening temperature 1180 °C
60 66 2 4
2
• Forged blanks • Flat & square bars 50 64 1 2
Available surface conditions: drawn, ground, peeled, PROCESSING 40 62
0
1
0
rough machined, hot rolled.
ASP®2053 can be machined as follows: 30 60
950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200
0
HEAT TREATMENT • machining (grinding, turning, milling) 20 Hardness 58 950 1000 1050 1100 1150
• polishing
• Soft annealing in a protective atmosphere at 850- • plastic forming
10 56
900°C for 3 hours, followed by slow cooling at • electrical discharge machining 0 54
Wear Hot
10°C/h down to 700°C, then air cooling. • welding (special procedure including preheating and
950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 Machinability resistance Toughness hardness Grindability
E M2
• Stress-relieving at 600-700°C for approximately filler materials of base material composition) Hardening Temperature in °C E M35
E M42
2 hours, slow cooling down to 500°C. Original dimension Ø 16 mm C8 Wear Hot
E M3:2 Machinability resistance Toughness hardness Grinda
• Hardening in a protective atmosphere with pre- GRINDING Tempering 3 x 1 hour at 560°C E M2
heating in 2 steps at 450-500°C and 850-900°C Unnotched test piece 7 x 10 x 55 mm E M7
E M35
During grinding, local heating of the surface, which E T1
E M42
and austenitizing at a temperature suitable for chosen may alter the temper, must be avoided. Grinding wheel
WKE 42
WKE 45 C8
working hardness. Cooling down to 40-50°C. manufacturers can give some advice on the choice
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET E MAT II E M3:2
• Tempering at 560°C three times for at least 1 hour each MSDS: A ASP 2005
of grinding wheels. ASP 2015 E M7
time. Cooling to room temperature (25°C) between ASP 2017 E T1
ASP 2023 WKE 42
WKE 45
ASP 2052
ASP 2053 E MAT II
ASP 2060
ASP 2015
°C 20 25 400 450 500 520 540 560 600 620 700 800 850 900 ASP 2017
44 °F 70 80 750 840 930 970 1000 1040 1110 1150 1290 1470 1560 1650 ASP 2023 45
ASP 2030
ASP 2052

kN/mm Nm
C Cr Mo W Co V Nb PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 6
Rmb
1.69 4.0 4.6 6.3 9.0 3.2 2.1 Temperature

5
Reb
20°C 400°C 600°C 4
STANDARDS HRC
Density g /cm3 (1)
70,0
8.0 7.9
°C
7.9
3
• Not yet standardised 68,0
kN/mm2 (2)
240 214 192 Tot. work
2
66,0Thermal expansion ratio
DELIVERY HARDNESS - 11.8x10 12.3x10
-6 -6
per °C (2)
64,0
1
Soft annealed max. 320 HB 62,0W/m°C (2) 24 28 27 0
Cold drawn max. 340 HB 60,0Specific
heat 950 1000 1050 1100 1150
420 510 1180 600
J/kg °C (2)
Cold rolled max. 340 HB 58,0 1150
Tempering Temperature in °C (1) Soft annealed

56,0
1050
1100
DESCRIPTION Approximate values of hardness after hardening,

(2) Hardened
520 540 1180°C
560 and580
tempered
600 560°C,
620 3x1 hour
quenching and tempering 3 x 1 hour
ASP®2055 is a high alloyed PM-HSS grade with a refined IMPACT TOUGHNESS kN/mm
6
Nm
Wear Hot
carbide structure for high demanding cutting and cold work Rmb
Machinability resistance
28 Toughness hardness Grindabili
80 69
PROCESSING
E M2
applications. 70 5 24
67 E M35
60 Hardness E M42 Reb
ASP®2055 can be machined as follows: 65
4 20
E M3:2
APPLICATIONS • machining (grinding, turning, milling)
50
40 63 3 E M7 16
GRINDAMAXV3
• Hobs • Shaper cutters 12
• polishing 30
Impact strength
61 2 C8 Tot. work
20 kN/mm Nm E T1 8
• Broaches • End mills • plastic forming 6 59 1 WKE 42
10
Rmb 28 4
• Taps • Cold work • electrical discharge machining 0 5 57
WKE 45
0 24 0
• Others • welding (special procedure including preheating and 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200
Reb
ASP 2005
950 ASP
1000 1050 1100 1150
4 20 2015
filler materials of base material composition) Hardening Temperature in °C ASP
16 2017 Temperature in °C
Hardening
FORM SUPPLIED Original dimension 9 x 12 mm
3 ASP 2023
12
• Peeled bars GRINDING Tempering 3 x 1 hour at 560° C 2 OriginalASP
Tot. work dimension
2030 Ø 7.5 mm Tempering 3 x 1 hour at 560° C
ASP 2052
Dimension8 of test piece Ø 4.7 mm
ASP 2055
During grinding, local heating of the surface, which Unnotched test piece 7 x 10 x 55 mm 1
• Drawn & Ground bars Wear
4 2060
ASP
NB: High qualityHotsurface
may alter the temper, must be avoided. Grinding wheel 0 Machinability resistance Toughness 0 hardness Grindability
manufacturers can give some advice on the choice of MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET
E M2 Rmb = Ultimate bend strength in kN/mm²
HEAT TREATMENT grinding wheels.
E M35950 1000 1050 1100 1150
E M42 Reb = Bend yield strength in kN/mm²
MSDS: B
• Soft annealing in a protective atmosphere at 850- E M3:2
E M7
SURFACE TREATMENT GRINDAMAXV3
C8
10°C/h down to 700°C, then air cooling. COMPARATIVE PROPERTIES E T1
• Stress-relieving at 600-700°C for approximately The steel grade is a perfect substrate material for PVD WearWKE 42 Hot
2 hours, slow cooling down to 500°C. coating. If nitriding is requested, a small diffusion zone E M2
WKE 45
is recommended but avoid compound and oxidized E M35 ASP 2005

• Hardening in a protective atmosphere with pre- E M42 ASP 2015
layers. E M3:2 ASP 2017
heating in 2 steps at 450-500°C and 850-900°C E M7 ASP 2023
and austenitizing at a temperature suitable for chosen GRINDAMAXV3 ASP 2030
C8 ASP 2052
working hardness. Cooling down to 40-50°C. E T1 ASP 2055
WKE 42 ASP 2060
• Tempering at 560°C three times for at least 1 hour each WKE 45
time. Cooling to room temperature (25°C) between ASP 2005
ASP 2017
ASP 2023
ASP 2030
ASP 2055
°C 20 25 400 450 500 520 540 560 600 620 700 800 850 900 ASP 2060
46 °F 70 80 750 840 930 970 1000 1040 1110 1150 1290 1470 1560 1650 47

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION GUIDELINES FOR HARDENING GRINDING 4-POINT BEND STRENGTH
HRC °C During grinding, local heating of the surface, which kN/mm Nm
C Cr Mo W Co V 72
may alter the temper, must be avoided. Grinding wheel
6 12
2.30 4.2 7.0 6.5 10.5 6.5 70 manufacturers can give some advice on the choice of 5 10
68 grinding wheels. 4
Rmb
8
STANDARDS
Reb
66
1180
• Europe: Europe: HS 7-7-7-11

64
1150 SURFACE TREATMENT 3
Tot.work
6
62
• Germany: 1.3292
1100
The steel grade is a perfect substrate material for PVD 2 4
60 1050
coating. If nitriding is requested, a small diffusion zone 1 2
• AMS6560 58 1000
56 0 0
layers.
DELIVERY HARDNESS 520 540 560 580 600 950 1000 1050 1100
1150 1200
Soft annealed max. 340 HB Tempering Temperature in °C Verschleiß-

Original
dimension
Zähigkeit ØWarmhärte
6 mm Tempering 3 x 1 hour at 560° C
PROPERTIES
Bearbeitbarkeit festigkeit Schleifbarkeit
Tempering time 3 x 1 hour at 560°C E M2 Dimension of test piece Ø 4.7 mm
DESCRIPTION CCT CURVE
E M35
E M42
ASP®2060 is a very high alloyed grade for applications PHYSICAL PROPERTIES C8
E M3:2 Reb = Bend yield strength in kN/mm²
requiring both hot hardness and wear resistance. Tot. work = Total work in Nm
TemperatureE M7
WKE 42 kN/mm
20°C 400°C WKE 45 600°C 6
APPLICATIONS HRC
72 Density g /cm (1)
3
7.9 7.9
°C
ASP 2005
7.8 COMPRESSION YIELD STRESS
Modulus of elasticity ASP 2015
• Gear cutting tools • Taps 70
kN/mm2 (2)
250 222 ASP 2017 200 5
ASP 2023
• Broaches • Drills 68 Thermal expansion ratio ASP 2030
Rmb
- 11.1x10-6
10.6x10-6ASP 2052
• End mills tools • Cold work 66 per °C (2) 4
ASP 2053 Reb
Thermal conductivity ASP 2060 kN/mm Nm
64 24 28 27 6 12
W/m°C (2)
FORM SUPPLIED 62
Specific heat
420
1180
510 600 5
3
10
60 J/kg °C (2) 1150 Tot.wo
• Round bars • Forged bars Rmb
58(1)
1100 4 2 8
• Flat & square bars • Tool bit sections Soft annealed Reb
1050
Continuous cooling transformation curve 56(2) Hardened 1180°C and tempered 560°C,
1000 3x1 hour 3 6
Available surface conditions: drawn, ground, hot worked, Hardening temperature 1150 °C 520 540 560 580 600 620 1
Tot.work
peeled, rough machined. IMPACT TOUGHNESS 2 4
PROCESSING Nm HRC
0
HEAT TREATMENT
1 2
24 70
950 1000 1050 1
ASP®2060 can be machined as follows: 21 Impact energy 69 0 0
• Soft annealing in a protective atmosphere at 850- 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200
• machining (grinding, turning, milling) 18 68
900°C for 3 hours, followed by slow cooling at 15 67 COMPARATIVE PROPERTIES
• polishing Verschleiß-
10°C/h down to 700°C, then air cooling. 12 66 Bearbeitbarkeit
Verschleiß-
Bearbeitbarkeit
Zähigkeit Schleifbarkeit Zähigkeit
festigkeit W
festigkeit Warmhärte
• Stress-relieving at 600-700°C for approximately • plastic forming E M2 E M2
9 65
E M35
2 hours, slow cooling down to 500°C. • electrical discharge machining 6
Hardness
64 E M42 E M35
• welding (special procedure including preheating and C8 E M42
• Hardening in a protective atmosphere with pre- 3 63
E M3:2
C8
heating in 2 steps at 450-500°C and 850-900°C filler materials of base material composition) 0 62
950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 E M7 E M3:2
and austenitizing at a temperature suitable for chosen WKE 42
Hardening Temperature in °C WKE 45
Original dimension 9 x 12 mm ASP 2005 WKE 42
• Tempering at 560°C three times for at least 1 hour each ASP 2015
Tempering 3 x 1 hour at 560°C WKE 45
time. Cooling to room temperature (25°C) between Unnotched test piece 7 x 10 x 55 mm
ASP 2017
ASP 2023
ASP 2005
ASP 2052
ASP 2053 ASP 2015
ASP 2060
Approximate Conversion MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET ASP 2017
°C 20 25 400 450 500 520 540 560 600 620 700 800 850 900 ASP 2023
MSDS: B
°F 70 80 750 840 930 970 1000 1040 1110 1150 1290 1470 1560 1650 ASP 2030
48 49
ASP 2052
ASP 2053

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION GUIDELINES FOR HARDENING PROPERTIES 4-POINT BEND STRENGTH
HRC °C N m HRC k N /m m 2 N m
C Cr Mo W V 69
PHYSICAL
25 PROPERTIES 69 6 12
N m HRC k N /m m 2 N m
1.30 3.75 10.50 6.25 2.0 67
20
25 I m p a c t e n e r g y
Temperature
68
69 5 6 10 12
20°C
I m p a c t e n e r 400°C
g y 600°C Rm b
STANDARDS 65
1210
1200
15 20
Density g /cm3 (1) 8.2 8.1 67
68
8.0
4 5 8
Rm b
10
Modulus of elasticity 3 Re b 6
• Europe: HS 6-10-2 63 1180
kN/mm2 (2)15
240 214 192
67
4
T o t.w o rk
8
10 66
• USA: Aisi M62 Thermal expansion
Ha ratio
rd n e s s N m 2
3 HRC 4 Re b 6 k N /m m 2
61 - 11.2x10-6 11.7x10-6
per
5 °C (2) 10 65 66 25 T o t . 69
w o rk 6
1 2
DELIVERY HARDNESS 59 (1) Soft annealed Ha r d n e s s
20
I m p a c t e n 2e r g y
68
4
5
540 560 580 600 (2)0 Hardened5 1210°C and tempered 560°C, 64
4x1 hour to65
67 HRC 0 0
Soft annealed max. 290 HB 1140 1160 1180 1200 1220 1170 11801 119 0 1200 1210 1220 2
4
15 67
Tempering Temperature in °C IMPACT0 TOUGHNESS 64 0 0
DESCRIPTION Hardness after hardening, quenching and tempering 4x1 hour N m 1140 1160 1180 1200
HRC 1220 10
Hardening
k N /m m 2
Temperature in °C
1170 1180 119 0 1200
66 N 1210
m 1220
3
T o t.w
25 69 Original dimension Ø 5.6 mm Tempering 4 x 1 hour at 560°C
ASP®2062 is a cobalt-free high-speed steel with high 6 Ha r d n e s s 12 2
red-hardness and good abrasion wear resistance.
PROCESSING 20
Rc , 0, 2 k I N m / p m a m c t 2 e n e r g y
4 68
5
Rmb5= Ultimate bend strength in kN/mm² 10
65
1
Rm b
ASP®2062 can be worked as follows: Reb 4= Bend yield strength in kN/mm²
APPLICATIONS 15 3 ,5
Rc , 0, 2 k N / m m 2 67
0
1140 Tot.1160
work = 1180 1200
Total work in Nm1220
64 8 0
1170 1180 119 0
• High temperature bearings 3 Re b 6
• polishing 10 3 66 T o t.w o rk
• Bearings & other components
• plastic forming Ha 3 r , d 5n e s s COMPRESSION
2
YIELD STRESS 4
5 2, 5 65
• electrical discharge machining
FORM SUPPLIED • welding (special procedure including preheating and 3
1
Rc , 0, 2 k N / m m 2
4
2
0 2 64 0 0
• Round bars filler materials of base material composition). 1140 551160 1180
60 1200
65 1220
HRC
70 1170 1180 119 0 1200 1210 1220
Available surface conditions: peeled and rough machined. 2, 5 3 ,5
GRINDING Hardening Temperature in °C

HEAT TREATMENT During grinding, local heating of the surface, which Original dimension Ø42 mm
55 60
2
65 HRC
70
3

• Soft annealing in a protective atmosphere at 850- may alter the temper, must be avoided. Grinding wheel Rc , 0, 2 k N / m m 2 2, 5
Unnotched4 test piece 7 x 10 x 55 mm
900°C for 3 hours, followed by slow cooling at manufacturers can give some advice on the choice of
10°C/h down to 700°C, then air cooling. grinding wheels. 2
3 ,5 55 60 65 70
HRC
• Stress-relieving at 600-700°C for approximately MATERIAL SAFETY
Wear
Machinability resistance DATA SHEET
Toughness
Hot
2 hours, slow cooling down to 500°C. SURFACE TREATMENT E M4
E M50
SDS: B 3
• Hardening in a protective atmosphere with pre- The steel grade is a perfect substrate material for PVD E M1
heating in 2 steps at 450-500°C and 850-900°C COMPARATIVE PROPERTIES
E M2 2, 5
coating. If nitriding is requested, a small diffusion zone E M3:2 Wear Hot
and austenitising at a temperature suitable for is recommended but avoid compound and oxidized E M7 Machinability resistance Toughness hardness Grindability
E M35 2
chosen working hardness. Cooling down to 40-50°C. layers. E M42 E M455 60 65 HRC
70
E M50
• Tempering at 560°C four times* for at least 1 hour E T1
E M1 Wear Hot
each time. Cooling to room temperature (25°C) E M2 Machinability resistance Toughness hardness Grindability
ASP 2005
E M3:2 E M4
between tempers. ASP 2015
ASP 2017 E M7 E M50
*Four temperings are recommended in order to remove ASP 2023 E M35 E M1
E M2
ASP 2030 E M42
all retained austenite and ensure a fully tempered ASP 2055 E T1 E M3:2
E M7
martensitic matrix. ASP 2060
E M35
ASP 2062
ASP 2005 E M42
Wear Hot
ASP 2015
E T1
E M4 ASP 2017
E M50 ASP 2023 ASP 2005
Approximate Conversion E M1 ASP 2030 ASP 2015
°C 20 25 400 450 500 520 540 560 600 620 700 800 850 900 E M2 ASP 2055 ASP 2017
E M3:2 ASP 2060 ASP 2023
50 °F 70 80 750 840 930 970 1000 1040 1110 1150 1290 1470 1560 1650 E M7 ASP 2062 ASP 2030 51
E M35 ASP 2055
E M42 ASP 2060
en it g / m (1)
PHYSICAL10PROPERTIES
Impact energy 69 IMP
du u e a ti it
k /mm (2)
T erma e pan i n rati Temperature
8 20°C 400°C 68
600°C
per °C (2) 6
en it g / m4 (1)
T erma ndu ti it

W/m°C (2) Hardness 67
pe i i eat J/kg °C (2) du u e2 a ti it
k /mm (2) 0

66
®
(1)=Soft annealed
(2)=Hardened 1180°C and tempered 560°C, 3x1 hour
T erma e pan1000
i n rati1050 1100 1150
Hardening temperature in °C
1200
CCT CURVE per °C (2) Original dimensions 101 mm

T erma ndu ti it empering x 1 hour at 5 0 C
W/m°C (2)
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION GUIDELINES FOR HARDENING GRINDING 4-POINT

pe i i 4-POINT
eat J/kg BEND STRENGTH
°C (2)
BEND STRENGTH
SPROPERTIES
HRC During grinding, local heatingASP 2078which(1)=Soft
of the®surface, may annealed
kN/mm
3,5
Nm
4
C Cr Mo W Co V 72 °C
alter the temper, must be avoided. Grinding wheel(2)=Hardened
ma- 1180°C and tempered 560°C, 3x1 hour
Rmb 3,5
3,4
2.30 4.2 7.0 6.5 10.5 6.5 PHYSICAL
0.23 70 PROPERTIES IMPACT STRENGTH
nufacturers can furnish advice on the choice of grinding
Nm HRC CCT CURVE3,3 Tot. work
3
Temperature 20°C 400°C 600°C 14 wheels. 70 2,5

68
STANDARDS 12 Continuous cooling transformation curve
3,2 2
• Europe: HS 6-7-6-10
en it g /66m (1)
SURFACE TREATMENT
ardening emperature 1150 C
Impact energy 69
3,1 Reb
1,5
10 COMPRESSION 1
• Germany: 1.3241
du u
64
k /mm (2)
e a ti it 1180°C
ASP® 2078 isYIELD STRESS
a good substrate for PVD and CVD coa- 3,0
1150°C 8 tings. The
5 steel grade can also be nitrided, with nitriding
0,5
4-P
T erma e pan i n rati 68 2,9 0
DELIVERY HARDNESS per °C (2)62 1100°C 6 zones up
4
to maximum 15 µm. 1000 1050 1100 1150
1200
T erma 60ndu ti it
Rc 0.2 kN/mm2
Soft annealed max. 340 HB Original dimensions
Hardening 101 mmin °C
Temperature
W/m°C (2) 540
4 3 67 empering x 1 hour at 5 0 C
560 580 600 Hardness
Original dimension
imensions ofØtest6 piece
mm Tempering
7 mm 3 x 1 hour at 560° C
DESCRIPTION pe i i eat J/kg °C (2)
2 PROPERTIES
2 Rmb = Ultimate
Dimension of test bend
piece strength
Ø 4.7 mmin kN/mm²
0 66 Reb = Bend yield strength in kN/mm²
ASP®2078 is a highly alloyed grade for applications Tempering time 3 x 1 hour at 560°C
(1)=Soft annealed 1 Rmb =Tot.
Ultimate
work =bend
Total strength
work in Nm in kN/mm²
needing high hardness, high hot hardness and wear
1000 PHYSICAL
1050 1100PROPERTIES
1150 1200
0
Hardening temperature in °C
CCT CURVE
resistance. Sulphur addition gives it an improved CCT CURVE Continuous
Tot. work = Totalcooling
work intransformation
Nm curve
Original55dimensions 60
101 65 mm 70Temperature
SAFETY DATA SHEET SDS: emperature
B
machinebility. HRC
est piece x hour
empering glassHRC
1 hour atith520°C
100 mm
C aist 400°C°C 600°C ardening 1150 C
Unnotched
72 Density test3 piece
g /cm (1) 7 x 10 x 7.9 55 mm 7.9 COMPARATIVE
7.8 PROPERTIES
APPLICATIONS COMPRESSION YIELD STRESS
250 222 200 COMPRESSION YIELD Grindability
STRESS
kN/mm2 (2) Machinability Wear resistance Toughness Hot hardness
• Hobs • Shaper cutters 4-POINT BEND
68
STRENGTH
E M35 5
E M42 - 10.6x10 -6
11.1x10-6
• Milling cutters kN/mm 66
C8per °C (2)
Nm
3,5 64 Thermal conductivity
4 4
FORM SUPPLIED ASP 2004 (2)
W/m°C
24 28 27
Rc 0.2 kN/mm2
62 Rmb 3,5
3,4 ASP 2015 1180
ASPSpecifi
2023 c heat 3
• Round bars 60
ASPJ/kg
2030°C (2)
420 510
31150 600
3,3 Tot. work 1100
• Flat & square bars ASP 2048
58
(1)2052
Soft annealed 2,5
1050 2
ASP
Available surface conditions: ground, peeled, rough 3,2
56
(2)2055
ASP Hardened 1180°C and tempered 560°C,
1000
2 ®3x1 hour
machined. PROPERTIES
Continuous cooling transformation curve 520
ASP 2060 540
ASP 2078
560 580 600 620
ASP 2078 1
ardening
Continuous cooling emperature 1150
transformation curve C
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 3,1 IMPACT
IMPACT TOUGHNESS
NmSTRENGTH
Reb
1,5
HEAT TREATMENT Hardening temperature 1150 °C

COMPRESSION YIELD STRESS
Temperature 20°C 400°C 600°C
Nm
24
14
HRC
701HRC 0
70not create any binding contractual obligations
The above is for information only and does
3,0
• Soft annealing in a protective atmosphere at 850- 21
12
ASP
Impact 690,5
is a registered trademark
energy of Erasteel 55 60 65 70
900°C for 3 hours, followed by slow cooling at PROCESSING
5
du u
en it g / m (1)
e a ti it 2,9
18
10
Impact energy
0
68
69 est piece hour glassHRC
ith 10 mm aist SAF
10°C/h down to 700°C, then air cooling. ASP
15 67
4 2078 can beT machined
® k /mm (2) as follows: 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200
8
Hardening
12 Temperature in °C 66
• Stress-relieving at 600-700°C for approximately erma e pan i n rati
COMPARATIVE PROPER
Rc 0.2 kN/mm2
per °C (2) Original

69 dimensions 101 mm 65
2 hours, slow cooling down to 500°C. • 3polishing T erma ndu ti it empering x 1 Hardness
hour at 5 0 C
46 64 Wear Hot
• Hardening in a protective atmosphere at a W/m°C (2)
imensions of test piece
Hardness 7 mm 67 Machinability
Machinability resistance Toughness Wear resistance
hardness Grindability Toughness
• plastic forming 23 63 E M2
temperature suitable for chosen working hardness. 2 pe i i eat J/kg °C (2)
Rmb = Ultimate bend strength in kN/mm² E M35E M35
0 62 E M42
Pre-heating in 2 or 3 steps depending on tool 0 66 E M42 C8
(1)=Soft annealed
Reb = Bend 1000yield
950 1000
strength
1050
1050
1100 in kN/mm²
1100 1150
1150
1200
1200
1 C8 E M3:2
dimension-design and austenetising temperature, Tot. workHardening
= Total work
Hardening in Nm
temperature in °C
Temperature in °C
last step 60°C below chosen austenitising CCT CURVE Original dimensions 101 mm E M7
WKE 42
0 empering
Original dimension 9 x x12 1 hour
mmat 5 0 C ASP WKE
200445
temperature. Cooling down to 40-50°C.
55 60 65 70 Tempering 3Unnotched
x 1 hourtestat
piece 7 x 10 x 55 mm
560°C ASPASP
2015
• Tempering at 560°C three times for at least 1 hour SAFETY DATA SHEET
UnnotchedSDS: B 7 x 10 x 55 mm
test piece ASPASP
2005
2023
each time. Cooling to room temperature (25°C) est piece hour glassHRC
ith 10 mm aist 2015
ASP 2017
4-POINT BEND STRENGTH ASPASP
2030
2023
between temperings. MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET
kN/mm Nm
ASPASP
2048
2030
COMPARATIVE PROPERTIES 3,5 4 ASP 2052
ASPASP
2052
2053
MSDS: B Rmb 3,5 ASP 2060
Machinability Wear resistance Toughness
3,4
Hot hardness Grindability ASPASP
2055
2078
3
°C 20 25 400 450 500 520 E M35540 560 600 620 700 800 850 900 Tot. work
ASP 2060
3,3
52 °F 70 80 750 840 930 970 E M42
1000 1040 1110 1150 1290 1470 1560 1650 2,5 ASP 2078 53
C8 3,2 2
Continuous cooling transformation curve
ASP® GRADES DATA // ASP®APZ10
ASP®ASP
APZ10
APZ10
® POWDER METALLURGY STAINLESS STEEL
Powder metallurgy Stainless steel
BLUETAP® DATA SHEET
CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONCHEMICAL COMPOSITION
CHARACTERISTICS
• Very goodV wear resistance.
C Cr Mo C V Cr
N Mo N
• Very good corrosion resistance.
1.15 19 2.10 0.60 addition • Good balance between hardness and toughness.
STANDARDS CHARACTERISTICS
• Suitable for polishing.
 Europe: X120CrMoVN19-2*  Very good wear resistance.
• Easy to machine in resistance.
the annealed condition.
STANDARDS *Symbolic designation Very good corrosion
 Good balance between hardness and
MECHANICAL
• Europe: X120CrMoVN19-2* PROPERTIES toughness.
 Suitable for polishing.
 Annealed condition: gradual heating to
*Symbolic designation
830°C, holding time at temperature fol-
APPLICATIONS
 Easy to machine in the annealed
condition.
lowed by slow cooling. • Moulds for manufacturing abrasive and corrosive
Take normal precautions to avoid decar-
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
burisation.
APPLICATIONS
plastic materials
 Brinell hardness approximately 280HB • Moulds
Cold work
for tools to be operated
manufacturing in aand
abrasive clean environment
• Annealed condition: gradual
in the softened heating to 830°C,
condition. corrosive plastic materials
• Cold
Food-related applications
work tools to be operated in a clean
holding time at temperature followed by slow cooling.
environment
Take normal precautions to avoid decarburisation.  Food-related applications
• Brinell hardness approximately 280HB in the
HEAT TREATMENT
softened condition.
TEMPERING CURVES
TEMPERING CURVES
For applications requiring maximum
corrosion resistance and where the tempe-
HEAT TREATMENT rature does not exceed 150°C, the following
treatment is recommended:
 Austenitisation:
For applications 1075°C.corrosion resis-
requiring maximum
 Cooling: Oil or gas pressure depending
tance and where the temperature does not exceed
on the section and shape of the parts.
150°C, the following treatment
 Cryogenic is recommended:
treatment: 2 hours at -80°C.
Tempering: 2 hours at 180 / 210°C.
Austenitisation: 1075°C.
Typical hardness after treatment: 60 HRC
• Cooling: Oil or gas pressure depending
• on the section
For and shape ofinthe
applications parts.
which the temperature
is likely to exceed 150°C in service or
• Cryogenic treatment: 2 hours at -80°C.
during surface coating operations, the
• Tempering:following
2 hours attreatment is recommended:
180 / 210°C.
 Austenitisation: 1125°C.
Typical hardness after treatment:
 Cooling: Oil or gas 60 pressure
HRC depending
on the section and shape of the parts.
 Cryogenic treatment: 2 hours at -80°C.
For applications
 2intempers
which ofthe temperatureis
2 hours at 500-525°C.likely to
exceed 150°CTypical
in service
hardness or after
during surface: 62coating
treatment HRC
operations, theThis
following treatment
treatment provides is recommended:
a lower level of
corrosion
• Austenitisation: 1125°C. resistance than the first
treatment.
• Cooling: Oil or gas pressure depending on the section
and shape of the parts.
Corrosion resistance Wear resistance COMPARATIVE
Toughness PROPERTIES
Machinability
• Cryogenic treatment:
ASP 2023
® 2 hours at -80°C.
440C Corrosion Wear
• 2 tempers of 2 hours at 500-525°C.
X15TN ®
resistance resistance Toughness Machinability
ASP APZ10
®
Typical hardness after treatment : 62 HRC ASP®2023
PDS_ASP APZ10_ V0_2017 440C
The above is for information only and does not create any binding contractual obligations
ASP is a registered trademark of Erasteel
X15TN ®
This treatment provides a lower level of corrosion resistance ASP®APZ10

than the first treatment.
Approximate Conversion contractual obligations.
°C 20 25 400 450 500 520 540 560 600 620 700 800 850 900 Minimum hardness reachable depending on austenization temperature.
54 °F 70 80 750 840 930 970 1000 1040 1110 1150 1290 1470 1560 1650
BLUETAP® DATASHEET
BLUETAP® DATA // BlueTap®Co
BLUETAP® DATA // BlueTap®Co

BlueTap®Co HIGH SPEED STEEL
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION HEAT TREATMENT PROCESSING PROPERTIES
• Soft annealing in a protective atmosphere at 850- BlueTap®Co can be worked as follows:
C Cr Mo W Co V PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
900°C for 3 hours, followed by slow cooling 10°C • machining (grinding, turning, milling)
0.93 4.2 5.0 6.4 4.8 1.8 per hour down to 700°C, then air cooling. • polishing Density at 20°C: 8.0 g/cm3
• Stress-relieving at 600°C to 700°C for approximately • plastic forming
STANDARDS 2 hours, slow cooling down to 500°C. IMPACT TOUGHNESS
• USA: AISI M35 • Hardening in a protective atmosphere with pre-
• Europe: HS 6-5-2-5 filler materials of base material composition)
and austenitizing at a temperature suitable for chosen
• Germany: 1.3243
working hardness.
GRINDING
• 3 tempers at 560°C are recommended with at least
DELIVERY HARDNESS 1 hour holding time each time, and cooling down to
During grinding, local heating of the surface, which
Nm HRC
Drawn bars max. 320 HB can alter the temper, must be avoided. In general,
25°C between each. 35 67,5
grinding must be carried out more
Impact energy aggressively than
Peeled bars max. 280 HB 30 67
with traditional tap materials such as E M35, in order
GUIDELINES FOR HARDENING 25
to avoid blunting of the wheel. Erasteel’s technical
66,5
DESCRIPTION °C
20
support team can
Hardness provide specifi c recommendations,
66
68 15 65,5
BlueTap®Co is specifically designed to address the and grinding wheel manufacturers can help choosing Hardening Temperature in °C
10 65
needs of tap manufacturers. Thanks to its fine and ho- 67 the most appropriate grinding wheels. Tempering 3 x 1 hour at 560°C
5 64,5
mogeneous microstructure, it offers an excellent grin- Unnotched test piece 7 x 10 x 55 mm
66 0 64
dability, and a superior combination of hardness and SURFACE
11501160 TREATMENT
1170 1180 1190 1200 1210 1220
toughness. 65
1220 The steel grade is a perfect substrate material for PVD MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET
1200
64 coating. If nitriding is requested, a small diffusion zone MSDS: B
APPLICATIONS 1180
1160 is recommended but avoid compound and oxidized
63
• Taps 1140
layers.
62
520 540 560 580
FORM SUPPLIED COMPARATIVE PROPERTIES
• Drawn bars Wear Hot
Hardness after hardening Machinability resistance Toughness hardness Grindability
• Peeled bars up to Ø 40 mm Quenching and tempering 3 x 1 hour at 560°C E M2
EM3:2
E M35
Tool Hardening Tempering E M42
GrindamaxV3
Multi-edge BlueTapCo
1180-1220°C 560°C
cutting tools
ASP 2017
ASP 2023
ASP 2030
ASP 2052
ASP 2055
ASP 2060
°C 20 25 400 450 500 520 540 560 600 620 700 800 850 900
56 °F 70 80 750 840 930 970 1000 1040 1110 1150 1290 1470 1560 1650 57
CONVENTIONAL GRADES
contractual obligations.
Minimum hardness reachable depending on austenization temperature.
CONVENTIONAL GRADES
CONVENTIONAL GRADES // E T1
CONVENTIONAL GRADES // E T1
E T1 HIGH SPEED STEEL
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION HEAT TREATMENT PROCESSING IMPACT TOUGHNESS
• Soft annealing in a protective atmosphere at 850- E T1 can be worked as follows: Nm HRC
C Cr Mo W Co V kN/mm2
900°C for 3 hours, followed by slow cooling 10°C • machining (grinding, turning, milling) 30 66 5
0.75 4.1 - 18.0 - 1.1 per hour down to 700°C, then air cooling. • polishing Impact energy
25 65
• Stress-relieving at 600°C to 700°C for approximately • plastic forming 4
Tot.work
STANDARDS 2 hours, slow cooling down to 500°C.

20 64
3
• USA: AISI T1 • welding (special procedure including preheating and 15 63
heating in 2 steps at 450-500°C and 850-900°C Hardness
• Germany: 1.3355 filler materials of base material composition) 10 62
2
and austenitizing at a temperature suitable for
• Europe: HS 18-0-1 chosen working hardness. 5 61
1
• France: AFNOR Z80WCV.18.4.1 • 2 tempers at 560°C are recommended with at least

GRINDING
0 60 0
• Japan: JIS SKH2 1 hour holding time each time. During grinding, local heating of the surface, which 1120 1160 1200 1240 1280 1120 1160 1200
can alter the temper, must be avoided. Grinding wheel

DELIVERY HARDNESS GUIDELINES FOR HARDENING manufacturers can give some advice on the choice of
grinding wheels. Tempering 2 x 1 hour at 560° C
Soft annealed max. 270 HB HRC Unnotched test piece 7 x 10 x 55 mm
Cold drawn max. 320 HB 68
SURFACE TREATMENT
4-POINT BEND STRENGTH Machinability re
64
The Nm
steel grade is a perfect substrate HRC
material for PVD E EV4
coating. If nitriding is requested, a small diffusion zone kN/mm 2

Nm E M2
DESCRIPTION 62
1280
1250
30
is recommended but avoid compound
66
and oxidized
5 10 E T1
1220 Impact energy

E T1 is a Tungsten alloyed high speed steel for abrasive 60 layers.
25 65
4
Rmb
8
ASP2023
1180 ASP 2053
wear applications. 58
Nm 1150
HRC 20 64
Tot.work
Reb
kN/mm2 Nm
56 30 66 3 6
5 10
APPLICATIONS 54 25
Impact energy
65
15
Hardness Rmb
63
520 540 560 580 600 4 8 2 4

• Twist drills 10 62
PROPERTIES
Tot.work
Reb
20 64
• Wood knives Tempering Temperature in °C 35 6 1 2
61
• Taps 15 tempering 2 x 1 hour
Hardness after hardening, quenching and 63
Hardness
PHYSICAL
20 PROPERTIES 4 60 0 0
• Textile knives 10 62
1120 1160 1200 1240 1280 1120 1160 1200 1240 1280
Density at 20°C: 8.7 g/cm3
• Milling cutters 5 61
1 2
Tool Hardening Tempering Hardening Temperature in °C
• Paper knives
Single-edge 0 60 0 0 Tempering 2 x 1 hour at 560° C
1280°C 1120 550-570°C
1160 1200 1240 1280 MATERIAL
11201160
SAFETY
1200
DATA
1240
SHEET 1280
Unnotched test piece Ø 4.7 mm
FORM SUPPLIED cutting tools
MSDS: A Rmb = Ultimate bend strength in kN/mm²
Multi-edge
• Flat bars • Discs 1180-1280°C 550-570°C Reb = Bend Wear
yield strength in kN/mm² Hot
cutting tools Machinability resistance Toughness hardness Grindability
• Square bars • Strips Tot. work = Total work in Nm
E EV4
Cold work tools 1150-1200°C 550-570°C COMPARATIVE PROPERTIES E M2
• Sheets
Wear Hot E T1
Available surface conditions: drawn, ground, hot Machinability resistance Toughness hardness Grindability
E EV4
rolled, cold rolled. E M2
ASP2023
ASP 2053
E T1
ASP2023
ASP 2053
°C 20 25 400 450 500 520 540 560 600 620 700 800 850 900
60 °F 70 80 750 840 930 970 1000 1040 1110 1150 1290 1470 1560 1650 61
CONVENTIONAL GRADES
CONVENTIONAL GRADES // E M1
E M1 HIGH SPEED STEEL
Nm HRC kN/mm2
• Soft annealing in a protective atmosphere at 850- E M1 can be worked as follows: 35 67
C Cr Mo W Co V 6
900°C for 3 hours, followed by slow cooling 10°C • machining (grinding, turning, milling) 30
Impact energy
66 Rmb
0.83 3.8 8.5 1.8 - 1.2 per hour down to 700°C, then air cooling. • polishing
5
25 65
• Stress-relieving at 600°C to 700°C for approximately • plastic forming 4 Tot.work
20 64
Hardness
63 3
Reb

• USA: AISI M1 • welding (special procedure including preheating and
heating in 2 steps at 450-500°C and 850-900°C 10 62 2
• Europe: HS 2-9-1 filler materials of base material composition)
and austenitizing at a temperature suitable for 5 61
• Germany: 1.3346 1
chosen working hardness.
• France: AFNOR Z85DCWV.8.4.2.1 • 2 tempers at 560°C are recommended with at least
GRINDING 0
1100 1120 1140 1160 1180
60
1200 0
• UK: BM1 1 hour holding time each time. During grinding, local heating of the surface, which Hardening Temperature in °C
1100 1120 1140 1160 11
grinding wheels.
Soft annealed max. 260 HB HRC °C Wear Ho
68
4-POINT BEND STRENGTH Machinability resistance Toughness hardn
66
SURFACE TREATMENT
Nm HRC kN/mm2 E M1 Nm
E M2
Cold rolled max. 310 HB 35 67 6 E M7 18
64
The steel grade is a perfect substrate
Impact energy material for PVD E M35
30 66 Rmb
coating. If nitriding is requested, a small diffusion zone E M42 15
DESCRIPTION 62
1200
Nm kN/mm 2
HRC 25 65 Nm
5
ASP 2023
1180 Tot.work
35 67 6 4
18 ASP 2030 12
E M1 is Molybdenum-based grade which has a good 60 1150 Impact energy layers. 20 64
ASP 2060
Hardness Reb
machinability, a good performance and is used for many 30 66
15 5
Rmb
63 3
15 9
applications. 58 1100 25 65
10 62
Tot.work 2 6
56
4 12
PROPERTIES 3
20 64
APPLICATIONS 520 540 560 580 600 5 61
Hardness Reb
1 3
15 63 0 60
9
• Twist drills • Rolls Tempering Temperature in °C 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 1200 0 0
• Taps • Dies Hardness after hardening, quenching and tempering 2 x 1 hour
10
PHYSICAL
62
PROPERTIES
2 6 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 1200
5
• Reamers • End mills Density at6120°C: 8.0 g/cm
1
3
3 Hardening Temperature in °C
0 60
Tool Hardening Tempering 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 1200 0 0
FORM SUPPLIED MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET
1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 1200
Unnotched test piece Ø 4.7 mm
Wear Hot
Single-edge MSDS: A Machinability Rmb = Ultimate
resistance bend strength
Toughness hardnessin kN/mm²
Grindability
• Drawn wire • Sheets 1200°C 560°C
cutting tools E M1
• Round bars • Discs Tot. work = Total work in Nm
Multi-edge E M7
• Square bars • Flat bars 1180-1280°C 550-570°C COMPARATIVE PROPERTIES E M35

cutting tools E M42
Wear Hot
Available surface conditions: hot rolled, drawn, Cold work tools 1100-1150°C 550-570°C Machinability resistance Toughness hardness
ASP 2023 Grindability
ground, peeled, turned. E M1 ASP 2030
ASP 2060
E M2
E M7
E M35
E M42
ASP 2023
ASP 2030
ASP 2060
°C 20 25 400 450 500 520 540 560 600 620 700 800 850 900
62 °F 70 80 750 840 930 970 1000 1040 1110 1150 1290 1470 1560 1650 63
CONVENTIONAL GRADES

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION GUIDELINES FOR HARDENING PROCESSING IMPACT TOUGHNESS
HRC E M50 can be worked as follows: Nm HRC
C Cr Mo W Co V 65
°C kN/mm2
40 65
64 • machining (grinding, turning, milling) 6
0.84 4.0 4.2 - - 1.1 63 • polishing Impact energy
Rm
30 64 5
Tot.work
62 • plastic forming 4
STANDARDS 61
60
Hardness
63
3
Reb
1120
• USA: AISI M50 59 1100 • welding (special procedure including preheating and
2
• Europe: HS 0-4-1 58
1080 filler materials of base material composition) 10 62
1
• Germany: 1.3325 57
0 61
• France: AFNOR Y80DCV.42.16 56
520 540 560 580 600
GRINDING 1080 1090 1100 1110 1120 0
1080 1090 1100 11
During grinding, local heating of the surface, which Hardening Temperature in °C
DELIVERY HARDNESS Tempering Temperature in °C can alter the temper, must be avoided. Grinding wheel
Hardness after hardening, quenching and tempering 2 x 1 hour manufacturers can give some advice on the choice of Unnotched test piece 7 x 10 x 55 mm
grinding wheels. Wear Hot
Cold drawn max. 300 HB Machinability resistance Toughness hardne
Cold rolled max. 300 HB Tool Hardening Tempering SURFACE TREATMENT 4-POINT BEND STRENGTH E 945
Nm HRC E M50
kN/mm2 Nm
40 65 E M52
Multi-edge The steel grade is a perfect substrate material for PVD
DESCRIPTION cutting tools
1100-1120°C 550-570°C
coating. If nitriding isImpact
requested,
energy a small diffusion zone
6
ERmb
M2
E M35
24
5 20
E M50 is a low alloyed high speed steel. Cold work tools 1080-1120°C 550-570°C
30
64
E M42
Tot.work
Nm layers. HRC 4 16
kN/mm2 Nm
APPLICATIONS 40 65 20
6Hardness
63
Rmb
24
3
Reb
12
Impact energy
• Twist drills 30 64 10 5 62 2
20 8
Tot.work
FORM SUPPLIED PROPERTIES

0
4
61
1
16 4
20 63 Reb
Hardness 1080 1090
3 1100 1110 1120 0
12 0
• Drawn wire • Flat bars PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 1080 1090 1100 1110 1120
10 62 2 8
• Round bars • Square bars Hardening Temperature in °C
Available surface conditions: hot rolled, drawn, 1 Tempering
4 2 x 1 hour at 560° C
0 61
ground, peeled, turned. Dimension of test piece Ø 4.7 mm
1080 1090 1100 MATERIAL
1110
1120 SAFETY0 DATA SHEET 0
Wear Hot
1080 1090 1100Machinability
1110 resistance
1120 Toughness
Rmb = Ultimate Grindability
hardnessin kN/mm²
bend strength
MSDS: A
HEAT TREATMENT E 945
• Soft annealing in a protective atmosphere at 850- E M52 Tot. work = Total work in Nm
COMPARATIVE PROPERTIES E M2
900°C for 3 hours, followed by slow cooling 10°C E M35
Wear Hot
per hour down to 700°C, then air cooling. Machinability resistance E M42 hardness
Toughness Grindability
• Stress-relieving at 600°C to 700°C for approximately E 945
E M50
2 hours, slow cooling down to 500°C. E M52
E M42
°C 20 25 400 450 500 520 540 560 600 620 700 800 850 900
64 °F 70 80 750 840 930 970 1000 1040 1110 1150 1290 1470 1560 1650 65
CONVENTIONAL GRADES

• Soft annealing in a protective atmosphere at 850- E M52 can be worked as follows: Nm HRC kN/mm2
C Cr Mo W Co V
900°C for 3 hours, followed by slow cooling 10°C • machining (grinding, turning, milling) 40 66 6
0.89 4.0 4.5 1.2 - 1.9 per hour down to 700°C, then air cooling. • polishing 5
30 65
• Stress-relieving at 600°C to 700°C for approximately • plastic forming 4 Reb

Impact energy
64 3
• USA: AISI M52 • welding (special procedure including preheating and 2
heating in 2 steps at 450-500°C and 850-900°C 10 63
• Europe: HS 1-5-2 filler materials of base material composition) Hardness 1
• Germany: 1.3392 chosen working hardness. 0 62 0
• France: AFNOR 90DVW.16.40.20.5 • 2 tempers at 560°C are recommended with at least

GRINDING 1150 1160 1170 1180 1190 1200 1150 1160 1170 1180
1 hour holding time each time. During grinding, local heating of the surface, which
DELIVERY HARDNESS can alter the temper, must be avoided. Grinding wheel Hardening Temperature in °C
GUIDELINES FOR HARDENING manufacturers can give some advice on the choice of Tempering 2 x 1 hour at 560° C Wear
Soft annealed max. 250 HB Machinability resistance Toughness h
grinding wheels. Unnotched test piece 7 x 10 x 55 mm
E 945
Cold drawn max. 300 HB HRC °C E M50
66
Cold rolled max. 300 HB
65 SURFACE TREATMENT 4-POINT BEND STRENGTH
E M2
E M52
64
The steel grade
Nm is a perfect substrate material HRCfor PVD kN/mm2 Nm
DESCRIPTION
E M35
63 6 E M42 30
coating. 40
If nitriding is requested, a small diffusion
66 zone
E M52 is a low alloyed high speed steel. 62
1200 is recommended but avoid compound and oxidized 5
Rmb
25
61 1180
layers. 30 65
4 20
APPLICATIONS 60
59
1150
Impact energy
kN/mm2 Nm
3
Reb
15
Nm HRC 20 64
• Twist drills 58
40 66 6 30
Tot.work
2 10
57
PROPERTIES
Rmb
10 5 63 25
FORM SUPPLIED
520 540 560 580 600 Hardness 1 5
30 65
4 Reb 20
0 62 0 0
• Drawn wire • Flat bars Tempering Temperature in °C Impact energy
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 1150 1160 1170 1180 1190 1200
20 641150
1160 3 1170 1180 1190 1200 15
• Round bars • Square bars Hardness after hardening, quenching and tempering 2 x 1 hour Tot.work
Density at 20°C: 7.9 g/cm
2
3
10Hardening Temperature in °C
Available surface conditions: drawn, ground, peeled, 10 63
hot rolled. Hardness 1 Tempering
5 2 x 1 hour at 560° C
Tool Hardening Tempering MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET Unnotched
Wear test piece Ø 4.7 mm
Hot
0 0 0
MSDS: A62 1150 1160 1170
Multi-edge 1150 1160 1170 1180 1190 1200 E 9451180 1190 1200
1180-1200°C 550-570°C E M50 Reb = Bend yield strength in kN/mm²
cutting tools
E M52 Tot. work = Total work in Nm
E M35
Wear E M42 Hot
E 945
E M50
E M52
E M2
E M35
E M42
°C 20 25 400 450 500 520 540 560 600 620 700 800 850 900
66 °F 70 80 750 840 930 970 1000 1040 1110 1150 1290 1470 1560 1650 67
CONVENTIONAL GRADES
Nm HRC kN/mm2
• Soft annealing in a protective atmosphere at 850- E M2 can be worked as follows: 6
C Cr Mo W Co V 50 68 Rmb
0.90* 4.2 5.0 6.4 - 1.8 per hour down to 700°C, then air cooling. • polishing 40
Impact energy
66
Tot.work
4
* 0.85 for strips • Stress-relieving at 600°C to 700°C for approximately • plastic forming 30 64
2 hours, slow cooling down to 500°C. 3
Reb

• Hardening in a protective atmosphere with pre- 20 62
STANDARDS heating in 2 steps at 450-500°C and 850-900°C
• welding (special procedure including preheating and Hardness
2
filler materials of base material composition) 10 60 1

• USA: AISI M2 and austenitizing at a temperature suitable for
• Europe: HS 6-5-2 chosen working hardness. 0 58 0

GRINDING 1020 1060 1100 1140 1180 1220 1020 1060 1100 1140 118
• Germany: 1.3343
1 hour holding time each time. During grinding, local heating of the surface, which Hardening Temperature in °C
• France: AFNOR Z85WDCV6.5.4.2
• Sweden: SS 2722 Tempering 2 x 1 hour at 560° C
GUIDELINES FOR HARDENING manufacturers can give some advice on the choice of Unnotched test piece 7 x 10 x 55 mm
Machinability
Wear
Toughness
Hot
G
resistance hardness
• UK: BM2 grinding wheels. ABCIII
• Japan: JIS SKH51 HRC °C E V4
68
4-POINT BEND STRENGTH E 945
66 SURFACE TREATMENT E M2
E M35
The steel grade
Nm
50 is a perfect substrate material for PVD
68
HRC kN/mm2
6
Rmb
E M42
E T1
Nm
30
Soft annealed max. 260 HB 62 1220

coating. If nitriding is requested, a small diffusion zone 5 ASP 2023 25
1180 Impact energy ASP 2030
Cold drawn max. 310 HB 60 1150 is recommended 40
but avoid compound and oxidized 66
Tot.work ASP 2052
4 20
Cold rolled max. 310 HB 58 1100 layers. 30 64
ASP 2053
ASP 2060
Reb
56 3 15
1050
DESCRIPTION 54
PROPERTIES 20
Hardness
62
2
kN/mm2
10
Nm
52 Nm HRC
E M2 is a medium-alloyed high speed steel which has a 520 540 560 580 600 10
50
60 1
68
6 5
Rmb
30
good machinability and a good performance and is used PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 0 5 0 25

Tempering Temperature in °C 0 58 Impact energy
in a wide variety of applications. 1020 1060 1100 1140
40
1180 1220 1020 1060 66
1100 1140 1180 1220
Hardness after hardening, quenching and tempering 2 x 1 hour Temperature 4
Tot.work
20
20°C 400°C 30 600°C Hardening64Temperature in °C
APPLICATIONS Density g /cm3 (1) 8.1 8.1 8.0 Tempering 2 x 1 hour at 560° C
3
Reb
15
20 62
• Twist drills • Broaches Modulus of elasticity Unnotched test piece Ø 4.7
Hotmm
2 10
Tool Hardening Tempering kN/mm2 (2)
225 200 180
Hardness
Machinability
Wear
• Reamers • Knives 10
ABCIII Rmb = Ultimate60bend strength
1 in kN/mm² 5
Single-edge Thermal expansion ratio
- 12.1x10-6 E V412.6x10-6
• Milling cutters • Saws 1220°C 560°C per °C (2) Reb = Bend yield strength0 in kN/mm²
cutting tools 0
E 945
58 0
• Taps & dies • Cold work tools Thermal conductivity E M2

E1020
M35 1060 1100 Tot. work
1140 1180 = 1220
Total work in Nm
1020 1060 1100 1140 1180 1220
Multi-edge 24 28 27
W/m°C (2)
1180-1220°C 560°C E M42
cutting tools Specific heat J/kg °C (2) 420 510 E T1 600
FORM SUPPLIED ASP 2023
Cold work tools 1100-1150°C 560°C (1) Soft annealed ASP 2030 Wear Hot
• Drawn wire • Strips (2) Hardened 1180°C and tempered 560°C,
ASP3 2052
x 1 hour Machinability resistance Toughness hardness Grindability
ASP 2053 ABCIII
• Wire rod • Sheets ASP 2060 E V4
• Round bars • Discs MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET E 945

E M2
• Flat bars • Bi-metal edges MSDS: A E M35

E M42
E T1
• Square bars
ASP 2023
Available surface conditions: drawn, ground, hot rolled, ASP 2030
ASP 2052
cold rolled, peeled, turned. ASP 2053
ASP 2060
°C 20 25 400 450 500 520 540 560 600 620 700 800 850 900
68 °F 70 80 750 840 930 970 1000 1040 1110 1150 1290 1470 1560 1650 69
CONVENTIONAL GRADES
CONVENTIONAL GRADES // ABC III
CONVENTIONAL GRADES // ABC III

ABC III HIGH SPEED STEEL
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION GUIDELINES FOR HARDENING PROCESSING IMPACT TOUGHNESS
HRC °C Nm HRC kN/mm2
66 ABC III can be worked as follows:
C Cr Mo W Co V 50 65 6
64
• machining (grinding, turning, milling) Rm b
0.99 4.1 2.7 2.8 - 2.4 • polishing 40 Impact energy 64 5
62
• plastic forming 30 63
4 Tot
STANDARDS
1180
60
1150 • electrical discharge machining 3 Reb
20 Hardness 62
• Europe: HS 3-3-2 58
1100
2
• Germany: 1.3333 56
filler materials of base material composition. 10 61
1
DELIVERY HARDNESS
54
520 540 560 580 600 GRINDING 0
1100 1120 1140 1160
60
1180 °C 0
1100 1120 1140 11
Soft annealed max. 250 HB During grinding, local heating of the surface, which Hardening Temperature in °C
Cold drawn max. 320 HB can alter the temper, must be avoided. Grinding wheel
Hardness after hardening, quenching and tempering 2 x 1 hour Tempering 2 x 1 hour at 560° C
manufacturers can give some advice on the choice of Unnotched test piece 7 x 10 x 55 mm
Cold rolled max. 320 HB Wear Hot
grinding wheels. Machinability resistance Toughness hardness
ABC III
DESCRIPTION Tool Hardening Tempering

SURFACE TREATMENT
4-POINT BEND STRENGTH E 945
E M2
E M35
ABC III is a medium alloyed high speed steel with good Saws, wear Nm HRC kN/mm2 Nm
parts, vane 1100-1180°C 550-570°C The steel grade
50 is a perfect substrate material for
65 PVD 6 24
wear resistance. ASP 2023
pumps, etc. coating. If nitriding is requested, a small diffusion zone ASP

Rm b
2053
5 20
is recommended
40 butImpact
avoid compound and oxidized
energy 64
APPLICATIONS layers. 4 Tot.work 16
30 63
• Power hacksaws • Wear parts
Reb
Nm HRC Hardness kN/mm 2 3 Nm 12
• Hand hacksaws • Vane pumps 50
20
65
62
6 24
2 8
FORM SUPPLIED PROPERTIES

Rm b
10 61
40 Impact energy 64 5 20
1 4
• Strips • Discs* 0 4 60 Tot.work 16
• Sheets*
30
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
1100
63
1120 1140 1160 1180 °C 0 0
Reb 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 °C
3 12
* on request 20 Hardness Density at 20°C:628.0 g/cm 3
2 8
HEAT TREATMENT 10
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA
1
61
SHEET
Machinability
WearUnnotched test piece Ø Hot
resistance 4
Toughness 4.7 mm
• Soft annealing in a protective atmosphere at 850- 0 MSDS: A 60 ABC III Rmb = Ultimate bend strength in kN/mm²
E 945
900°C for 3 hours, followed by slow cooling 10°C 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 °C 0
E M2
0
1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 °C
per hour down to 700°C, then air cooling. E M35 Tot. work = Total work in Nm
• Stress-relieving at 600°C to 700°C for approximately COMPARATIVE PROPERTIES
ASP 2023
2 hours, slow cooling down to 500°C. ASP 2053
Wear Hot
• Hardening in a protective atmosphere with pre- Machinability resistance Toughness hardness Grindability
ABC III
heating in 2 steps at 450-500°C and 850-900°C E 945
and austenitizing at a temperature suitable for E M2
E M35
• 2 tempers at 560°C are recommended with at least ASP 2023
ASP 2053
°C 20 25 400 450 500 520 540 560 600 620 700 800 850 900
70 °F 70 80 750 840 930 970 1000 1040 1110 1150 1290 1470 1560 1650 71
CONVENTIONAL GRADES
kN/mm2
Nm HRC
• Soft annealing in a protective atmosphere at 850- E M7 can be worked as follows: 30 67
5
C Cr Mo W Co V
900°C for 3 hours, followed by slow cooling 10°C • machining (grinding, turning, milling) Impact energy Rmb
25 66 4
1.02 3.8 8.6 1.8 - 1.9 per hour down to 700°C, then air cooling. • polishing Reb
20 65
3
Hardness
• electrical discharge machining 15 64
Tot. wor
• Hardening in a protective atmosphere with pre- 2

• USA: AISI M7 • welding (special procedure including preheating and 10 63
• Europe: HS 2-9-2 filler materials of base material composition)
and austenitizing at a temperature suitable for 5 62 1
• Germany: 1.3348 chosen working hardness. 0 61
• France: AFNOR Z100DCWV9.4.2.2 • 2 tempers at 560°C are recommended with at least
GRINDING 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 1200 0
1100 1120 1140 1160
• Japan: JIS SKH58 1 hour holding time each time. During grinding, local heating of the surface, which Hardening Temperature in °C
can alter the temper, must be avoided. Grinding wheel Tempering 2 x 1 hour at 560° C
grinding wheels.
Soft annealed max. 260 HB HRC

°C
68
66
SURFACENm
TREATMENT HRC kN/mm
5
2
Nm Wear
Machinability 10resistance Toughness
Hot
hardness
Cold rolled max. 310 HB 30 67 E M1
64
The steel grade is a perfect
Impactsubstrate
energy material for PVD ERmb
M2
Nm HRC kN/mm2 Nm
coating. If nitriding
25 is requested, a small diffusion
66 zone E M7
DESCRIPTION
1200 4 8
5 10 E M35
30 67
62 1180
is recommended
20 but avoid compound and oxidized 65
Reb
E M42
Impact energy Rmb
E M7 is a Molybdenum-based grade with some vana- 60
1150
25 layers. 66 Hardness 4
3
8
6
ASPTot. work
2023
dium in order to increase the wear resistance. 1100
15 64
Reb ASP 2030
58 20 65 2 4
ASP 2060
10 3 63 6
APPLICATIONS
Hardness Tot. work
56 15 64
• Twist drills • End mills

520 540 560 580 600
10
PROPERTIES
63
5
2
62 1
4
2
0 61
• Taps • Rolls Tempering Temperature in °C 0 0
Hardness after hardening, quenching and tempering 2 x 1 hour
5 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
1120 1100
1140
62
1
1160 1180 1200
1100 2
1120 1140 1160 1180 1200
• Reamers
0 Density at 20°C:617.9 g/cm 3
0 Hardening
0 Temperature in °C
FORM SUPPLIED 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 1200
1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 1200
Tool Hardening Tempering MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET Unnotched test piece Ø 4.7 mm
• Drawn wire • Flat bars
Single-edge MSDS: A
• Round bars • Square bars 1200°C 550-570°C Rmb = Ultimate bend strength in kN/mm²
cutting tools Wear Hot
Available surface conditions: drawn, ground, peeled, hot Machinability Reb = Bend
resistance yield
Toughness strength
hardnessin kN/mm²
Grindability
Multi-edge Tot. work = Total work in Nm
rolled.
cutting tools
1150-1200°C 550-570°C COMPARATIVE PROPERTIESEE M1
M2
Wear E M7 Hot
Cold work tools 1100-1150°C 550-570°C Machinability resistance E M35
Toughness hardness Grindability
E M1 E M42
E M2
E M7 ASP 2023
ASP 2030
E M35
ASP 2060
E M42
ASP 2023
ASP 2030
ASP 2060
°C 20 25 400 450 500 520 540 560 600 620 700 800 850 900
72 °F 70 80 750 840 930 970 1000 1040 1110 1150 1290 1470 1560 1650 73
CONVENTIONAL GRADES
CONVENTIONAL GRADES // E M3:2
CONVENTIONAL GRADES // E M3:2

E M3:2 HIGH SPEED STEEL
Nm HRC kN/mm2
• Soft annealing in a protective atmosphere at 850- E M3:2 can be worked as follows: 30 67
C Cr Mo W Co V 5
900°C for 3 hours, followed by slow cooling 10°C • machining (grinding, turning, milling) Impact energy R
25 66
1.2 4.1 5.0 6.2 - 3.0 per hour down to 700°C, then air cooling. • polishing 4 Tot.work

20 65 Reb
3
15 Hardness 64
• Hardening in a protective atmosphere with pre- 2

• USA: AISI M3:2 • welding (special procedure including preheating and 10 63
• Europe: HS 6-5-3 filler materials of base material composition) 5 62
and austenitizing at a temperature suitable for 1
• Germany: 1.3344 chosen working hardness. 0 61
• France: AFNOR Z120WDCV6.5.4.3 • 3 tempers at 560°C are recommended with at least

GRINDING 1120 1140 1160 1180 1200 1220 0
1120 1140 1160 1180 12

• Japan: JIS SKH53 1 hour holding time each time.
can alter the temper, must be avoided. Grinding wheel Tempering 3 x 1 hour at 560° C
grinding wheels.
Machinability
Wear
Hot
hardness
E M2
Soft annealed max. 270 HB HRC
68
°C 4-POINT BEND STRENGTH E M3:1
E M3:2
Cold drawn max. 320 HB Nm HRC kN/mm2 Nm
SURFACE 30TREATMENT 67 5 E M35 10
E M42
The steel grade25
is a perfect substrate material for66PVD
Impact energy Rmb
WKE 42
64
coating. If nitriding is requested, a small diffusion zone 4 Tot.work 8
DESCRIPTION 62
1220
Nm HRC
is recommended 20
butkN/mm
avoid2 compound and oxidized 65
Nm Reb
ASP 2017
ASP 2023
1180 30 67 3 10 ASP 2030 6
E M3:2 is a highly alloyed high speed steel for good layers. 15
5
Hardness 64 ASP 2053
60 1150 ASP 2060
wear resistance and high hardness. 25
Impact energy
66
Rmb
2 4
10 Tot.work 63
58 1120 4 8
APPLICATIONS 20 65 5 Reb 62 1 2
PROPERTIES
56
520 540 560 580 600 3 6
• Taps & dies • Punches 15 Hardness 64 0 61
0 0
1120 1140 1160 1180 1200 1220
• Reamers • Bi-metal saws Tempering Temperature in °C 1120 1140 1160 1180 1200 1220
10 PHYSICAL
63 PROPERTIES
2 4
• Power hacksaws • Hole saws Hardness after hardening, quenching and tempering 3 x 1 hour Hardening Temperature in °C
5 Density at
62 20°C: 8.0 g/cm
1
3
2
FORM SUPPLIED 0 61
Unnotched
Machinability
Wear test piece Ø 4.7 mmHot
Tool Hardening Tempering 1120 1140 1160 1180 1200MATERIAL
1220 SAFETY
0 DATA SHEET E M2
Rmb
0
= Ultimate bend strength in kN/mm²
• Drawn wire • Square bars 1120 1140 1160 E 1180
M3:1 1200 1220
MSDS: A Reb = Bend yield strength in kN/mm²
• Round bars edges • Bi-metal Single-edge E M3:2
1220°C 550-570°C Tot. work = Total work in Nm
• Flat bars cutting tools E M35
Multi-edge
WKE 42
Available surface conditions: drawn, ground, hot rolled, 1180-1220°C 550-570°C Wear Hot
peeled, turned. cutting tools Machinability resistance Toughness hardness
ASP 2017 Grindability
E M2 ASP 2023
Cold work E M3:1 ASP 2030
1120-1180°C 550-570°C
tools E M3:2 ASP 2053
ASP 2060
E M35
E M42
WKE 42
ASP 2017
ASP 2023
ASP 2030
ASP 2053
ASP 2060
°C 20 25 400 450 500 520 540 560 600 620 700 800 850 900
74 °F 70 80 750 840 930 970 1000 1040 1110 1150 1290 1470 1560 1650 75
CONVENTIONAL GRADES
CONVENTIONAL GRADES // GRINDAMAX™ V3
CONVENTIONAL GRADES // GRINDAMAX™ V3

GRINDAMAX™ V3 HIGH SPEED STEEL
Nm HRC kN/mm2
• Soft annealing in a protective atmosphere at 850- GRINDAMAX V3 can be worked as follows: 30 67
C Cr Mo W Co V Hardness
5
900°C for 3 hours, followed by slow cooling 10°C • machining (grinding, turning, milling) 25 66
1.2 3.9 5.2 7 - 2.7 per hour down to 700°C, then air cooling. • polishing Impact Energy 4 Tot. work
20 65
• Stress-relieving at 600°C to 700°C for approximately • plastic forming Reb

3

• Hardening in a protective atmosphere with pre-heating
• Europe: HS 7-5-3 • welding (special procedure including preheating and 10 63 2
in 2 steps at 450-500°C and 850-900°C and

• Germany: 1.3347 filler materials of base material composition)
austenitizing at a temperature suitable for chosen 5 62 1
working hardness.
DELIVERY HARDNESS • 3 tempers at 560°C are recommended with at least
GRINDING 0
1120 1140 1160 1180 1200
61
1220
0
1120 1140 1160 1180 1
Soft annealed max. 270 HB 1 hour holding time each time. During grinding, local heating of the surface, which Hardening Temperature in °C
Cold drawn max. 320 HB can alter the temper, must be avoided. Grinding wheel
HRC °C Machinability Toughness
resistance hardness
DESCRIPTION 67
E M2
SURFACE TREATMENT
Nm HRC kN/mm2 E M35 Nm
GRINDAMAXTM V3 is a Vanadium-based grade which has 65 30 67 5 E M3:2 10
Hardness
been developed to bridge the gap between conventional Rmb
63 1220 coating. If nitriding
25 is requested, a small diffusion66zone
& PM high speed steels in terms of both performance and 1200
Impact Energy 4 GRINDAMAX
Tot. work V3 8
61
1180
grindability. Its chemistry is a very effective combination 1150 Nm HRC
20 kN/mm2 65 Nm Reb ASP 2015
30 layers. 67
of alloying elements allowing high wear resistance and 59 1120 Hardness
5 3 10
ASP 2017
6
15 64 Rmb
excellent toughness. 57 25 66 ASP 2023
Tot. work 2 4
Impact Energy 10 4 63 8 ASP 2030
APPLICATIONS 55
520 540 560 580 600
20
PROPERTIES
65
5 3
Reb
62 1 6
ASP 2055
2
• Taps & dies • Punches Tempering Temperature in °C

15 64
0 61
• Reamers • Knives Hardness after hardening, quenching and tempering 3 x 1 hour 10 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 1120
1140 1160 1180
63 2 1200 1220
0
1120
4
1140 1160 1180 1200
0
1220
Density at 20°C: 8.0 g/cm 3

FORM SUPPLIED 5 62 1 2

• Drawn bars • Peeled bars Tool Hardening Tempering 0
1120 1140 1160
MATERIAL
1180
61
1200 1220
SAFETY DATA SHEET 0 Dimension
0 of test piece Ø 4.7 mm
• Ground bars • Flat bars Single-edge MSDS: A

1120 1140 1160 1180 1200
Rmb
1220
Wear
= Ultimate bend strength
hardnessin kN/mm²
Hot
1220°C 550-570°C Machinability resistance Toughness Grindability
• Square bars cutting tools E M2 Reb = Bend yield strength in kN/mm²
Multi-edge E M35 Tot. work = Total work in Nm
cutting tools
1180-1220°C 550-570°C COMPARATIVE PROPERTIES E M3:2
Wear Hot
Cold work Machinability ToughnessV3 hardness
resistance GRINDAMAX Grindability
1120-1180°C 550-570°C E M2
tools
E M35 ASP 2015
E M3:2 ASP 2017

ASP 2023
GRINDAMAX V3 ASP 2030
ASP 2055
ASP 2015
ASP 2017
ASP 2023
ASP 2030
ASP 2055
°C 20 25 400 450 500 520 540 560 600 620 700 800 850 900
76 °F 70 80 750 840 930 970 1000 1040 1110 1150 1290 1470 1560 1650 77
CONVENTIONAL GRADES
kN/mm2 N
Nm HRC
C Cr Mo W Co V 30 66
900°C for 3 hours followed by slow cooling at 10°C • machining (grinding, turning, milling) Impact energy
Rmb
25 65 4
1.3 4.2 4.5 5.6 - 4.0 per hour down to 700°C, then air cooling. • polishing Tot.work

20 64
3 Reb

Hardness 63
2
• Hardening with pre-heating in 2 steps at 450-500°C
• USA: AISI M4 • welding (special procedure including preheating and 10 62
and 850-900°C and austenitizing at a temperature
• Europe: HS 6-5-4 filler materials of base material composition) 5 61
1
suitable for chosen working hardness.
• Germany: 1.3351 • 2 tempers at 560°C are recommended with at least 0 60 0
• Japan: JIS SKH54 1 hour holding time each time.

GRINDING 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 1200 1220 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 1200 1
DELIVERY HARDNESS GUIDELINES FOR HARDENING can alter the temper, must be avoided. Grinding wheel Tempering 2 x 1 hour at 560° C
manufacturers can give some advice on the choice of
Soft annealed max. 280 HB HRC °C
68
Cold drawn max. 320 HB 4-POINT BEND STRENGTH
Machinability resistance Toughness hardness Grindab
66 E M4
Cold rolled max. 320 HB kN/mm Nm
SURFACE TREATMENT
2
Nm HRC E M2
64 5 10
30 66
ASP 2005
DESCRIPTION 62
1220
25
coating. If nitriding
Impact energy
is requested,kN/mm
a small 65
diffusion zone 4
ASP 2023 Rmb
8
2
Nm Tot.work
E M4 is a Vanadium based grade used for cold work 60 1150
Nm HRC
30 is recommended 20 but66 avoid compound and oxidized
5 64 Reb
10
applications. 58
1100 layers.
3
Rmb
6
25 Impact energy 15 65 63
56 Hardness 4 8
2 4
APPLICATIONS
Tot.work
54 20 10 64 62
Reb
520 540 560 580 600 3 6
• Punches • Broach inserts 1 2
• Form tools • Dies

15
Hardness PROPERTIES
5
63
2
61
4
Tempering Temperature in °C 0 60 0 0
10 62
• Rolls 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 1200 1220 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 1200 1220
Hardness after hardening, quenching and tempering 2 x 1 hour PHYSICAL PROPERTIES1 2
5 61 Hardening Temperature in °C
FORM SUPPLIED 0
60 0
Tool Hardening Tempering Unnotched
1200 1220test piece Ø 4.7 mm
• Drawn wire • Flat bars 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 1200 1220 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET Rmb = Ultimate bend strength in kN/mm²
• Round bars • Square bars Single-edge
1220°C 550-570°C MSDS: A Wear
Reb = Toughness Hot
Bend yield strength
Available surface conditions: hot rolled, drawn ground, cutting tools Machinability resistance hardness in kN/mm²
Grindability
peeled, turned.
E M4 Tot. work = Total work in Nm
Multi-edge E M2
cutting tools
1100-1220°C 550-570°C COMPARATIVE PROPERTIES
ASP 2005
Wear Hot
ASP Toughness
2023
Cold work tools 1100-1180°C 550-570°C Machinability resistance hardness Grindability
E M4
E M2
ASP 2005
ASP 2023
°C 20 25 400 450 500 520 540 560 600 620 700 800 850 900
78 °F 70 80 750 840 930 970 1000 1040 1110 1150 1290 1470 1560 1650 79
CONVENTIONAL GRADES
CONVENTIONAL GRADES // E 945
CONVENTIONAL GRADES // E 945

E 945 HIGH SPEED STEEL
Nm HRC kN/mm2
• Soft annealing in a protective atmosphere at 850- E 945 can be worked as follows:
C Cr Mo W Co V 60 66 6
900°C for 3 hours, followed by slow cooling 10°C • machining (grinding, turning, milling) Impact energy
0.91 3.7 5.0 1.8 2.5 1.2 per hour down to 700°C, then air cooling. • polishing
50 65 5
• Stress-relieving at 600°C to 700°C for approximately • plastic forming 40 64 4 Reb

• electrical discharge machining 30 Hardness 63 3
• Europe: HS 2-5-1-2 • welding (special procedure including preheating and 20 62
in 2 steps at 450-500°C and 850-900°C and 2
filler materials of base material composition)
austenitizing at a temperature suitable for chosen 10 61
DELIVERY HARDNESS working hardness.
1
Soft annealed max. 260 HB • 3 tempers at 570°C are recommended with at least
GRINDING 0 60
1060 1080 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180°C
0
1060 1080 1100 1120 1140
Cold drawn max. 320 HB 1 hour holding time each time. During grinding, local heating of the surface, which Hardening Temperature in °C
Cold rolled max. 320 HB can alter the temper, must be avoided. Grinding wheel Wear Hot
GUIDELINES FOR HARDENING manufacturers can give some advice on the choice of Unnotched test pieceABC
7 x 10
Machinability resistance Toughness hardness
III x 55 mm
grinding wheel.
DESCRIPTION HRC °C
E 945
E 945 is a high speed steel with a low alloy content

68 4-POINT BENDEEM35
M2
STRENGTH
66 SURFACE TREATMENT
Nm HRC kN/mm2 Nm
compensated by an optimal ratio of Carbon-Vana- 64 60 66 ASP 2023
dium which gives a very hard martensitic matrix. Hot 1170
Impact energy
6
ASP 2030
30
62
hardness is improved with 2.5% cobalt. This steel al- coating. If nitriding
50 is requested, a small diffusion 65
zone 5 ASP 2052 Rmb
25
60 ASP 2060
lows for lower austenitizing temperatures to reach the
1120
is recommended 40 but avoid compound and oxidized 64
58 4 Reb 20
same hardness. 56
1070 layers.
30 Hardness 63 3 15
54 Tot.work
APPLICATIONS 52
520 540 560 580 600
PROPERTIES 20 62 2 10
10 61
• Twist drills • Taps 1 5
• Reamers • Broaches Tempering Temperature in °C PHYSICAL 0PROPERTIES 60

0 0
1060 1080 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180°C 1060 1080 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 °C
• End mills • Saws Hardness after hardening, quenching and tempering 3 x 1 hour Temperature
• Countersinks 20°C 400°C 600°C Hardening Temperature in °C
Wear Hot
Density g /cm3 (1) 7.9 - Machinability
- resistance Toughness
Tempering at 560° C Grindability
2 x 1 hourhardness
Tool Hardening Tempering Nm HRC ABC III
FORM SUPPLIED kN/mm Unnotched
Nm test piece Ø 4.7 mm
2
60 kN/mm2 (2) 66225 6
E200
945 180
30
Single-edge ImpactThermal
energyexpansion ratio
E M2
• Drawn wire • Round bars 1170°C 570°C 50 65 24 E M35
28 27
Rmb
cutting tools per °C (2)
5
Reb = 25Bend yield strength in kN/mm²
• Flat bars • Strips ASP 2023 Tot. work
Multi-edge 40 Thermal conductivity 64 4 Reb 20 = Total work in Nm
1150°C 570°C 420 510
ASP 2030 600
• Square bars W/m°C (2)
cutting tools 30 Hardness 63 ASP 2052
3 15
Available surface conditions: drawn, ground, peeled, Specific heat J/kg °C (2) 420 510
ASP 2060 600 Tot.work
Cold work tools 1070-1160°C 570-580°C 20 62
turned, hot rolled, cold rolled. (1) Soft annealed 2 10
10 61 tempered 560°C, 3 x 1 hou

(2) Hardened 1180°C and 1 5
0 60
0 0
1060 1080 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180°C 1060 1080 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 °C
Wear Hot
ABC III
E 945
E M2
E M35
ASP 2023
ASP 2030
°C 20 25 400 450 500 520 540 560 600 620 700 800 850 900 ASP 2060
80 °F 70 80 750 840 930 970 1000 1040 1110 1150 1290 1470 1560 1650 81
CONVENTIONAL GRADES

• Soft annealing in a protective atmosphere at 850- E M35 can be worked as follows: Nm HRC kN/mm2
40 67
0.93 4.2 5.0 6.4 4.8 1.8 per hour down to 700°C, then air cooling. • polishing Impact energy 5
35 66
• Stress-relieving at 600°C to 700°C for approximately • plastic forming Tot.work
30 65 4
• electrical discharge machining 25 64 Reb
• Hardening in a protective atmosphere with pre-heating 3
• USA: AISI M35 • welding (special procedure including preheating and 20 Hardness 63
in 2 steps at 450-500°C and 850-900°C and
• Europe: HS 6-5-2-5 filler materials of base material composition) 15 62 2
austenitizing at a temperature suitable for chosen 10 61
• Germany: 1.3243 working hardness. 1
• France: AFNOR Z90WDKCV6.5.5.4.2 • 2 tempers at 560°C are recommended with at least

GRINDING 5
0 59
60
0
• UK: BM35 1 hour holding time each time. During grinding, local heating of the surface, which 1020 1060 1100 1140 1180 1220 1020 1060 1100 1140
• Japan: JIS SKH55 can alter the temper, must be avoided. Grinding wheel Hardening Temperature in °C
GUIDELINES FOR HARDENING manufacturers can give some advice on the choice of Tempering 2 x 1 hour at 560° C
grinding wheels.
DELIVERY HARDNESS Unnotched test piece 7 x 10 x 55 mm
Wear Hot
Machinability resistance Toughness hardn
SURFACE TREATMENT 4-POINT BEND STRENGTH E M2
Cold drawn max. 320 HB E M3:1
The steel gradeNm HRCPVD
is a perfect substrate material for kN/mm2 EM3:2 Nm
Cold rolled max. 320 HB 45 68
coating. If nitriding is requested, a small diffusion zone 6
E M35
18
40 67
Impact energyand oxidized E M42 Rmb
DESCRIPTION
5 15
35 66
C8
layers. 30 65 4
Tot.work
WKE 42 12
E M35 contains Cobalt for increased hot hardness. 25 64 Reb
3 ASP 2023 9
The composition of E M35 offers a good combination
of toughness and hardness. E M35 has a good machi-
PROPERTIESHardness 20
15
63
62 2
ASP 2030
ASP 2052 6
ASP 2053
nability. 10 61
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
5 Nm 60
1
HRC
ASP 2060
kN/mm2
3
Nm
APPLICATIONS
45 0 68 6 0 18
0 59
Tempering Temperature in °C 1020 1060 1100
Temperature
1140 1180 40 1220 1020 1060 1100
67 1140 1180 1220
Impact energy 5 Rmb
15
20°C 400°C 600°C
35 66
• Reamers • Hobs Hardness after hardening, quenching and tempering 2 x 1 hour Hardening 65
Temperature in °C Tot.work
Density g /cm3 (1) 8.1 8.0 30 8.0 4 12
• Milling cutters • Broaches Modulus of elasticity 25 Tempering 2 x 1 hour
64 at 560° C Reb
230 205 20184Hardness

3 9
• End mills • Saws kN/mm2 (2) Unnotched test piece
Wear
63
Ø 4.7 mm
Hot
• Cutters • Cold work Tool Hardening Tempering Thermal expansion ratio 15
Machinability resistance Toughness62 2
hardness Grindability 6
per °C (2)
- 11.6x10-6
E M2 11.9x10
10
-6
Rmb = Ultimate 61bend strength in kN/mm²
1 3
Single-edge E M3:1 5 Reb = Bend yield 60 strength in kN/mm²
1220°C 560°C Thermal conductivity EM3:2
FORM SUPPLIED cutting tools W/m°C (2)
24 28
E M35
0 27
1020 1060 1100
Tot.1140
work1180= Total
59
1220
work in Nm
0
1020 1060 1100 1140 1180
0
1220
• Wire rod • Square bars Multi-edge Specific heat J/kg °C (2) 420 510 600
1180-1220°C 550-570°C E M42
• Drawn wire • Strips

cutting tools (1) Soft annealed C8
WKE 42
Cold work tools 1050-1150°C 550-570°C (2) Hardened 1180°C and tempered 560°C, 3 x 1 hour
• Round bars • Sheets ASP 2023 Machinability
Wear
Hot
ASP 2030 E M2
• Flat bars • Discs
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET ASP 2052
ASP 2053
E M3:1
EM3:2
Available surface conditions: drawn, ground, rolled, hot MSDS: B ASP 2060
rolled, cold rolled, peeled, turned. E M35
E M42
C8
WKE 42
ASP 2023
ASP 2030
ASP 2052
ASP 2053
ASP 2060
°C 20 25 400 450 500 520 540 560 600 620 700 800 850 900
82 °F 70 80 750 840 930 970 1000 1040 1110 1150 1290 1470 1560 1650 83
CONVENTIONAL GRADES
CONVENTIONAL GRADES // C8
CONVENTIONAL GRADES // C8
C8 HIGH SPEED STEEL
• Soft annealing in a protective atmosphere at 850- C8 can be worked as follows: Nm HRC
C Cr Mo W Co V 24 68 kN/mm2
1.05 4.0 6.0 5.0 7.8 1.6 per hour down to 700°C, then air cooling. • polishing 20 Impact energy 67
• Stress-relieving at 600°C to 700°C for approximately 4
• plastic forming 16 66 Reb

3
• Europe: HS 5-6-2-8 • welding (special procedure including preheating and
in 2 steps at 450-500°C and 850-900°C and 8 Hardness 64 2
filler materials of base material composition)
austenitizing at a temperature suitable for chosen
DELIVERY HARDNESS working hardness.
4 63 1
GRINDING 0 62
0
During grinding, local heating of the surface, which 1040 1080 1120 1160 1200 °C
Cold drawn max. 320 HB 1 hour holding time each time. 1040 1080 1120
Cold rolled max. 320 HB can alter the microstructure, must be avoided. Grinding Hardening Temperature in °C
GUIDELINES FOR HARDENING wheel manufacturers can supply advice on the choice Tempering 3 x 1 hour at 560° C
of grinding wheels.
DESCRIPTION HRC
68
°C
C8 is a conventionally manufactured Cobalt-alloyed SURFACE TREATMENT Wear Ho

high speed steel, characterised by a high resistance to
66
Machinability resistance Toughness hard
64 Nm HRC E M2
high temperatures, a very high hardness. 62
1200 The steel grade
24 is a perfect substrate material for68PVD kN/mm2 E M35 Nm
1180
60 1150 coating. If nitriding is requested, a small diffusion zone 5 E M42 10
20 67 C8
Impact energy and oxidized
APPLICATIONS
Rmb
58 1100 4 8
ASP 2023
56 layers. 16 66 Reb
ASP 2030
• End mills 54 12 65
3 ASP 2052 6
ASPTot.
2060work
• Milling cutters 52
PROPERTIES
8 Hardness Nm 64 2 HRC 4
• Twist drills 50 24 68 kN/mm2 Nm
520 540 560 580 600 4 63 5 10
1 2
FORM SUPPLIED
Impact energy Rmb
0 62 4 8
Tempering Temperature in °C 16 0 66 0 Reb
1040 1080 1120 1160
Temperature 1200 °C
• Round bars Hardness after hardening, quenching and tempering 3 x 1 hour
20°C 400°C 12 600°C
1040 1080 1120 1160
3
1200 °C
6
65
Tot. work
• Flat bars Density g /cm3 (1) 8.1 8.0 7.9
Hardness
8 64 2 4
• Square bars Modulus of elasticity Tempering 3 x 1 hour at 560° C
Tool Hardening Tempering 230 205 184
Available surface conditions: drawn, ground, peeled, hot kN/mm2 (2) 4 Unnotched test 63
piece Ø 4.7 mm
1 2
rolled, turned. Single-edge - 11.5x10-6 0 11.8x10-6 Wear Rmb = Ultimate bend
62 strength
Hot in kN/mm²
1200°C 550-570°C per °C (2)
E1040
Machinability
1080
1120 1160 1200 °C
0
hardness Grindability 0
cutting tools Thermal conductivity
M2 Reb = Bend yield strength in kN/mm²
1040 1080 1120 1160 1200 °C
E M35
24 28 27
Multi-edge W/m°C (2) E M42 Tot. work = Total work in Nm
1150-1180°C 550-570°C Specific heat J/kg °C (2) 420 510
C8
600
cutting tools
ASP 2023
Cold work tools 1050-1150°C 550-570°C (1) Soft annealed ASP 2030 COMPARATIVE PROPERTIES
ASP 2052
(2) Hardened 1180°C and tempered 560°C, 3 x 1 hour
ASP 2060
Wear Hot
E M2
E M35
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET E M42
C8
MSDS: B
ASP 2023
ASP 2030
ASP 2052
ASP 2060
°C 20 25 400 450 500 520 540 560 600 620 700 800 850 900
84 °F 70 80 750 840 930 970 1000 1040 1110 1150 1290 1470 1560 1650 85
CONVENTIONAL GRADES
CONVENTIONAL GRADE // E MAT II
CONVENTIONAL GRADE // E MAT II

E MAT II HIGH SPEED STEEL
Nm HRC kN/mm2
• Soft annealing in a protective atmosphere at 850- E MAT II can be worked as follows: 8
Rmb
50
6
• Stress-relieving at 600°C to 700°C for approximately • plastic forming 40 63 Tot.work

• electrical discharge machining 30 4 Reb
• Europe: HS 1-5-1-8 • welding (special procedure including preheating and 20 Hardness 62
in 2 steps at 450-500°C and 850-900°C and 2
filler materials of base material composition) 10
austenitizing at a temperature suitable for chosen
DELIVERY HARDNESS working hardness. 0 61 0
GRINDING 1050 1060 1070 1080 1090 1100 1050 1060 1070 1080 10
Cold drawn max. 300 HB 1 hour holding time each time. During grinding, local heating of the surface, which Hardening Temperature in °C
Cold rolled max. 300 HB can alter the temper, must be avoided. Grinding wheel Tempering 2 x 1 hour at 560° C
Machinability
Wear
Hot
hardness
grinding wheels.
DESCRIPTION
E MAT II
HRC E M2
66
°C
4-POINT BEND STRENGTH E M3:1
E Matrix II is a high speed steel with excellent toughness SURFACE TREATMENT kN/mm2
E M3:2
Nm
64 Nm HRC E M42
combined with a good heat resistance. 60 64 8 WKE 42 60
62 The steel grade is a perfect substrate material
for PVD Rmb
Impact energy
1100
coating. If nitriding is requested, a small diffusion zone ASP 2017
APPLICATIONS
60
1080 50 ASP 2023
58 1050 is recommended but avoid compound and oxidized 6 ASP 2053 45
• Bi-metal saws 56
40
layers. 63 Tot.work
• Sabre saws 54 30 4 30
Reb
• Bandsaws kN/mm2 Nm
52
Nm 20 HRC
Hardness 62
520 540 560 580 600
60 64 8 60
2 15
FORM SUPPLIED Tempering Temperature in °C 50 PROPERTIES
Impact energy
10
Rmb
6 45
• Bi-metal edges Hardness after hardening, quenching and tempering 2 x 1 hour 40 0 63 61 Tot.work
0 0
• Strips PHYSICAL
1050 1060PROPERTIES
1070 1080 1090 1100 105030 1060 1070 1080 1090 1100
30 4 Reb
Available surface conditions: cold rolled. Density at 20°C: 7.9 g/cm3
Tool Hardening Tempering 20 Hardness 62 Hardening Temperature in °C
2 15 2 x 1 hour at 560° C
Tempering
Saws 1050-1100°C 550-570°C 10
Wear Unnotched test piece Ø 4.7Hot
mm
0
MATERIAL 61
SAFETY DATA SHEET
MSDS: B
0
E MAT II Rmb =0 Ultimate bend strength in kN/mm²
1050 1060 1070 1080 1090 1100 1050 1060 1070 1080 1090 1100
E M3:1 Tot. work = Total work in Nm
COMPARATIVE PROPERTIES E M3:2
E M42
WearWKE 42 Hot
Machinability resistance Toughness hardnessGrindability
E MAT II
E M2 ASP 2017
E M3:1 ASP 2023
E M3:2 ASP 2053
E M42
WKE 42
ASP 2017
ASP 2023
ASP 2053
°C 20 25 400 450 500 520 540 560 600 620 700 800 850 900
86 °F 70 80 750 840 930 970 1000 1040 1110 1150 1290 1470 1560 1650 87
CONVENTIONAL GRADES

kN/mm2
Nm HRC
900°C, for 3 hours, followed by slow cooling at 10°C • machining (grinding, turning, milling)
25 Impact
Impact
energy
energy 68 4
Reb
• Stress-relieving at 600°C to 700°C for approximately • plastic forming 20 67

3
• Hardening with pre-heating in 2 steps at 450-500°C
• USA: AISI M42 • welding (special procedure including preheating and 2
and 850-900°C and austenitizing at a temperature 10 Hardness 65
• Europe: HS 2.9.1.8 filler materials of base material composition)
suitable for chosen working hardness. Hardness
1
• Germany: 1.3247 • 3 tempers at 560°C are recommended (maintain at
5 64
• France: AFNOR Z110DKCWV9.8.4.2.1 least 1 hour each at temperature).

GRINDING 0 63 0
• UK: BM42 During grinding, local heating of the surface, which 1040 1080 1120 1160 1200 1040 1080 1120
• Japan: JIS SKH59 GUIDELINES FOR HARDENING can alter the temper, must be avoided. Grinding wheel Hardening Temperature in °C
manufacturers can give some advice on the choice of Tempering 3 x 1 hour at 560° C
HRC °C Wear Hot
grinding wheels.
DELIVERY HARDNESS 70 Unnotched test piece 7 x 10 x 55Machinability
mm
E M2
resistance Toughness hardne
68
E M35
Soft annealed max. 280 HB 66 SURFACE TREATMENT 4-POINT BEND STRENGTH E M42
Cold drawn max. 320 HB 64
119 0 WKE 42
1150 The steel gradeNm is a perfect substrate materialHRC
for PVD kN/mm2 Nm
Cold rolled max. 320 HB 62 5
ASP 2023 10
1100 coating. If nitriding
30
is requested, a small diffusion69zone ASP 2030
60
is recommended but avoid compound and oxidized Rmb
ASP 2052
DESCRIPTION 1050
25 Impact
Impact
energy
energy 68 4 8
58 Reb
layers. ASP 2053
56 20 67 ASP 2060
E M42 is a highly Cobalt alloyed high speed steel to be 3 Tot.work 6
54
used when the demand for hot hardness is of great im-
portance. E M42 has a good machinability and a good
520 540 560 580 600
PROPERTIES 15 66
2 4
10 Hardness 65
wear resistance. Tempering Temperature in °C Hardness
Hardness after hardening, quenching and tempering 3 x 1 hour PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
5 64
1 2
kN/mm2 Nm
APPLICATIONS 0
1040 1080
Temperature
1120
30
Nm
63 0
HRC
69
5 0 10
20°C 400°C 1160 1200

600°C 1040 1080 1120 1160 1200
• Twist drills • Broache Tool Hardening Tempering 25 Impact
Impact
energy
energy 68 4
Rmb
8
Density g /cm3 (1) 8.0 7.9 7.9 Hardening Temperature in
Reb°C
• Milling cutters • Reamers Modulus of elasticity
Single-edge 225 200
20
180
67
WearTempering 3 x 1 hour atHot
560°3 C Tot.work 6
• End mills • Bandsaws 1190°C 560°C kN/mm2 (2) Machinability resistance Toughness hardness Grindability
cutting tools E M2 15 Unnotched test piece
66 Ø 4.7 mm
- 11.5x10-6
E M35 11.8x10 -6 2 4
Multi-edge per °C (2) Rmb = Ultimate65bend strength in kN/mm²
FORM SUPPLIED cutting tools
1150-1180°C 550-570°C Thermal conductivity
E M42
WKE 42
10 Hardness
Hardness
Reb = Bend yield strength
1 in kN/mm² 2
24 28 5 27 64
• Wire rod • Sheets W/m°C (2)
Cold work tools 1050-1150°C 550-570°C ASP 2023 Tot. work = Total work in Nm
Specific heat J/kg °C (2) 420 5102030 0 600 63 0 0
• Drawn wire • Discs ASP
1040 1080 1120 1160 1200 1040 1080 1120 1160 1200
ASP 2052
(1) Soft annealed
• Round bars • Bi-metal edge ASP 2053 COMPARATIVE PROPERTIES
(2) Hardened 1180°C and tempered ASP
560°C,
20603 x 1 hour
• Flat bars • Square bars Wear Hot
Available surface conditions: drawn, ground, rolled, hot E M2
rolled, cold rolled, peeled, turned.

E M42
MSDS: B WKE 42
ASP 2023
ASP 2030
ASP 2052
ASP 2053
ASP 2060
°C 20 25 400 450 500 520 540 560 600 620 700 800 850 900
88 °F 70 80 750 840 930 970 1000 1040 1110 1150 1290 1470 1560 1650 89
CONVENTIONAL GRADES
CONVENTIONAL GRADES // WKE 42

WKE 42 HIGH SPEED STEEL
Nm HRC
• Soft annealing in a protective atmosphere at 850- WKE 42 can be worked as follows:
C Cr Mo W Co V
900°C for 3 hours, followed by slow cooling 10°C • machining (grinding, turning, milling) 12 69
Impact energy
Nm HRC
12
Impact energy
69 67
• Europe: HS 10-4-3-10 • welding (special procedure including preheating and
• USA : AISI M51 filler materials of base material composition) 4
8 67
65
and austenitizing at a temperature suitable for Hardness
• Germany: 1.3207 chosen working hardness.
• France: AFNOR Z130WKCDV10.10.4.4.3 • 3 tempers at 560°C are recommended with at least
GRINDING 4 65
0 Hardness 63
• Japan: JIS SKH57 1 hour holding time each time. During grinding, local heating of the surface, which 1100 1150 1200
can alter the temper, must be avoided. Grinding wheel 0 63
1100Hardening
1150Temperature in °C
grinding wheels.
1200
HRC
°C Unnotched test piece 7 x 10 x 55 mm
69
SURFACE TREATMENT
The steel grade is a perfect substrate material for PVD COMPARATIVE PROPERTIES
Wear Hot
65
DESCRIPTION 123 0
1200
Machinability Wear
resistance
E MAT II Machinability resistance
Toughness Hot hardness
Toughness hardness
Grindability
Grindability
61 1150 E MAT
E M2II
WKE 42 is a proprietary Tungsten high speed steel layers. E M2
E M3:1
1100
containing 10 percent cobalt. WKE 42 is harder than 57
E M3:1
EEM3:2
M3:2
most high speed steels and has in addition a reaso- EEM35
nably good toughness. WKE 42 is used mainly for tools 53

PROPERTIES M35
EEM42
M42
480 500 520 540 560 580 600 WKE
WKE 42
42
requiring maximum abrasion resistance and medium WKE
WKE 4545
toughness. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES ASP 2023

Tempering Temperature in °C ASP 2023
ASP 2030
Temperature ASP
ASP2030
Hardness after hardening, quenching and tempering 3 x 1 hour 2053
APPLICATIONS 20°C 400°C 600°C
ASP
ASP2053
2060
ASP 2060
Density g /cm3 (1) 8.2 8.1 8.1
• Toolbits • Cold work tools
• Milling cutters • Form tools Tool Hardening Tempering Modulus of elasticity
kN/mm2 (2)
240 215 190 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET
• Bandsaws Single-edge Thermal expansion ratio
MSDS: B
1230°C 550°C per °C (2)
- 10.2 x 10-6
10.9x10 -6
cutting tools
FORM SUPPLIED Multi-edge
1220-1225°C 560-580°C
W/m°C (2)
24 28 27
• Wire rods • Bimetal edge cutting tools Specific heat J/kg °C (2) 420 510 600
• Round bars • Square bars Cold work tools 1150-1200°C 560-590°C (1) Soft annealed
• Flat bars (2) Hardened 1180°C and tempered 560°C, 3 x 1 hour
Available surface conditions: ground, peeled, rough-
machined.
°C 20 25 400 450 500 520 540 560 600 620 700 800 850 900
90 °F 70 80 750 840 930 970 1000 1040 1110 1150 1290 1470 1560 1650 91
CONVENTIONAL GRADES

WKE 45 HIGH SPEED STEEL
kN/mm2
Nm HRC
• Soft annealing in a protective atmosphere at 850- WKE 45 can be worked as follows: 4
10
3
Reb
• Stress-relieving at 600°C to 700°C for approximately • plastic forming 8 67

• Hardening in a protective atmosphere with pre- Tot.work
• Europe: HS 9-4-4-11 • welding (special procedure including preheating and Hardness
heating in 2 steps at 450-500°C and 850-900°C 4 66
• Germany: 1.3208 filler materials of base material composition)
and austenitizing at a temperature suitable for 1
2
• France: AFNOR Z140KWCDV10.9.4.4.3 chosen working hardness.
GRINDING 0 65
0
DELIVERY HARDNESS 1 hour holding time each time. During grinding, local heating of the surface, which
1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 1200 1220
1100 1120 1140 1160 118
can alter the temper, must be avoided. Grinding wheel Hardening Temperature in °C
GUIDELINES FOR HARDENING manufacturers can give some advice on the choice of Tempering 3 x 1 hour at 560° C
Cold drawn max. 350 HB Unnotched test piece 7 x 10 x 55 mm
grinding wheels.
Cold rolled max. 350 HB HRC
°C Wear Hot
70
Machinability resistance Toughness hardnes
SURFACE TREATMENT 4-POINT BEND STRENGTH
E M2
DESCRIPTION
68
kN/mm2 E M35 Nm
66
The steel grade Nm is a perfect substrate material HRC
for PVD 4 E M42 8
WKE 45 is a proprietary Tungsten-Molybdenum high 64 1220
12
coating. If nitriding is requested, a small
Impact
68
energydiffusion zone WKE42
speed steel. WKE 45 has greater hot hardness and 62
1180
10 WKE45 Rmb
more wear resistance than almost any other high speed 60 1100 layers.
3
Reb
6
8 67 ASP 2023
steel together with medium but adequate toughness. 58 ASP 2030
WKE 45 is particularly suitable for working on very hard 6 2 4
and abrasive materials.

56
54
PROPERTIES
Hardness
4 66
ASPTot.work
2060
520 540 560 580 600 1 2
APPLICATIONS PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

2
Nm HRC
kN/mm 2
Nm
0 65
• Tool bits • Broaches Tempering Temperature in °C 1100 1120 1140 Temperature
1160 1180 1200
12
1220 0 68
4
0
8
Impact energy
1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 1200 1220
• Lathe tools • Cold work Hardness after hardening, quenching and tempering 3 x 1 hour 20°C 400°C 600°C
10 Rmb
Density g /cm3 (1) 8.2 8.1 8.0 Hardening Temperature

3
in °C
Reb
6
• Milling cutters • Punches 8 67
Modulus of elasticity Tempering 3 x 1 hour at 560° C

• Reamers • Cut off blades kN/mm2 (2)
240 215 195
6 2
Unnotched test piece Ø 4.7 mm Tot.work
4
Tool Hardening Tempering Wear
Hardness Hot
Thermal expansion ratio 4
-6 Machinability -6 resistance Toughness
66
- 10.2 x 10 10.0x10 Rmb = Ultimate bend strength in kN/mm²
FORM SUPPLIED Single-edge
1220°C 550-570°C
per °C (2) E M2
E M35
2
1

2
cutting tools Thermal conductivity

24 E28 270
• Wire rod • Square bars W/m°C (2) M42
1100 1120 1140 Tot.
1160 work = Total
1180 1200
65
1220 work in0 Nm 0
Multi-edge WKE42 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 1200 1220
• Round bars • Turned bars 1200-1220°C 560-570°C Specific heat J/kg °C (2) 420 510
WKE45
600
cutting tools
• Flat bars (1) Soft annealed
ASP 2023
Cold work tools 1100-1180°C 550-570°C (2) Hardened 1180°C and tempered 560°C,
Available surface conditions: ground, peeled, hot rolled, ASP 2030 3 x 1 hour Wear Hot
ASP 2060
cold rolled, turned. E M2

E M42
MSDS: B WKE42
WKE45
ASP 2023
ASP 2030
ASP 2060
°C 20 25 400 450 500 520 540 560 600 620 700 800 850 900
92 °F 70 80 750 840 930 970 1000 1040 1110 1150 1290 1470 1560 1650 93
RECOMMENDED GRADES BY APPLICATION

Cutting Tools Cold Work
Erasteel Erasteel Blanking - Powder Hot
grades Gear Milling Deburring Tool grades Fine Forming Extrusion compaction - Extrusion -
Taps Drills Broaches Reamers
Cutting Cutters Tools Bits blanking Coining Hot forming
ASP® 2004 + ++ ++ + ++ + ASP® 2004 ++ + ++ +
ASP 2005
® ASP® 2005 +++ +++ ++ ++ +
ASP 2009
® ASP® 2009 + +
ASP® 2011 ASP® 2011 + +
ASP 2012
®
++ ASP® 2012 ++ +++ + +++ ++
ASP 2015
®
+++ ++ ++ + +++ ++ ASP® 2015
ASP® 2017 ++ ++ ASP® 2017
ASP 2023
®
++ ++ ++ + ++ + ++ ASP® 2023 +++ +++ ++ + +
ASP 2030
®
+++ +++ ++ +++ +++ ++ ++ ASP® 2030 ++ +
ASP® 2042 ASP® 2042 + +
ASP 2048
® ASP® 2048
ASP® 2051 +++ ASP® 2051
ASP 2052
®
+++ +++ ++ ++ ++ ASP® 2052 +++ + + +
ASP 2053
® ASP® 2053 +++ ++ ++ ++
ASP® 2055 +++ +++ ++ + +++ ASP® 2055 +++ ++ +++ ++ +
ASP® 2060 +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ ASP® 2060 ++ + ++ ++ +
ASP® 2062 ASP® 2062
ASP® 2078 +++ + ASP® 2078
ASP® APZ10 ASP® APZ10 + ++
BlueTap® Co ++ BlueTap® Co
E T1 + E T1
E M1 + + + E M1 + + +
E M50 + E M50
E M52 + E M52
E M2 + + + +++ + + E M2 + + +
ABCIII ABCIII
E M7 + + + + E M7
E M3:2 + + ++ E M3:2
Grindamax™V3 ++ Grindamax™V3
E M4 E M4 + +
E 945 ++ E 945
E M35 ++ + ++ ++ + + E M35
C8 + ++ C8
E MAT II E MAT II
E M42 + + ++ + ++ ++ E M42 + + +
WKE42 +++ WKE42
WKE45 +++ WKE45
Legend: Legend:
94 + Regular grade + + Better than average performance + + + Exceptional performance + Regular grade + + Better than average performance + + + Exceptional performance 95

Wear Saws & Knives
Erasteel Erasteel Hand Jig &
grades Diesel Vane Other grades Circular Hole Power hack Segment
Bearings Bandsaws hack sabre Knives
injection pumps wear saws saws saws saws
saws saws
ASP® 2004 ASP® 2004
ASP 2005
®
+++ +++ ++ ASP® 2005
ASP 2009
®
ASP® 2009
ASP 2011
®
ASP® 2011 +
ASP 2012
®
++ ASP® 2012
ASP® 2015 ++ ASP® 2015
ASP 2017
®
++ ++ ASP® 2017
ASP 2023
®
++ ASP® 2023 ++
ASP 2030
®
ASP® 2030 ++ ++ ++
ASP® 2042 +++ ++ ASP® 2042 ++ ++ ++
ASP 2048
®
ASP® 2048
ASP® 2051 ASP® 2051 ++
ASP 2052
®
ASP® 2052
ASP® 2053 +++ ASP® 2053 ++
ASP 2055
®
ASP 2055
®
ASP® 2060 +++ ASP® 2060

ASP® 2062 +++ ASP® 2062
ASP® 2078 ASP® 2078
ASP® APZ10 ASP® APZ10
BlueTap® Co BlueTap® Co
E T1 E T1 ++
E M1 E M1 +
E M50 ++ ++ E M50 +
E M52 E M52
E M2 + ++ E M2 + + + + + + +
ABCIII ++ ABCIII + + + +
E M7 E M7
E M3:2 E M3:2 ++
Grindamax™V3 Grindamax™V3
E M4 E M4 +
E 945 E 945 ++ ++
E M35 E M35 ++ ++ ++ ++ ++
C8 C8
E MAT II E MAT II + + + ++
E M42 E M42 +
WKE 42 WKE 42 (M51) ++
WKE 45 WKE 45
Legend: Legend:
96 + Regular grade + + Better than average performance + + + Exceptional performance + Regular grade + + Better than average performance + + + Exceptional performance 97
HARDNESS
COATINGS AND HARDNESS

TECHNICAL GUIDE
Load
Hardness is the power needed to

deform the matrix and to push the Matrix
Load
carbides away, but also a measure
of how difficult it is to achieve a
Load
permanent deformation of the material.
Increased Co-content increases the matrix hardness, and increased Mo-, W- and
HB
V-content increases the amount of carbide that has to be pushed away.
Matrix
Matrix
Load
Brinell HB
A hard steel, or carbide ball is pressed into the material at a HRC

HB
given load. The diameter of the impression is measured and
Matrix
the hardness is obtained from a table. The hardness of soft

annealed High Speed Steel is measured in Brinell.
HRC
HB
Rockwell HV
HRC
A diamond cone with a top angle of 120° is pressed into the material
at a given load. The impression depth gives the Rockwell hardness.
The material surface must have a good finish, be clean and parallel
with the bottom surface of the sample. The hardness of heat treated HV
High Speed Steel is measured in Rockwell. HRC
HV
Vickers
The Vickers hardness test uses a squarebase diamond pyramid.
The angle between opposite faces of the pyramid is 136°. HV
The diagonals of the square impression are measured under

a microscope and the hardness can be obtained from a table.
Vickers is commonly used today, because measurements
done at different indentation loads can be compared directly.
Hardness of a coating can be compared directly to a bulk
hardness. The hardness of soft annealed or heat treated High
Speed Steel is measured in Vickers.
98 99
HARDNESS HOT HARDNESS
Approximate conversion between
hardness HV 10, HRC, HRB and HB HV 10 / HRC, HSS tempered 3 x 560 C°
HV 10 HRC HRB HB
160 - 83 155
180 - 88 171
200 - 91.5 190
220 - 94.5 209 HV10
240 - 98 228 980
260 - 101 247
280 - 103 264 960
300 30 105.5 284 940
320 33 107 303
920
340 35 108 322
360 37 109 341 900
380 39 - 360 880
400 41 - 379
420 42.5 - 397
860
440 44 - - 840
460 45.5 - -
820
480 47 - -
500 48.5 - - 800
520 50 - - 780
540 51 - -
560 52.5 - -
760
580 53.5 - - 740
600 54.5 - - 720
620 55.5 - -
640 56.5 - - 700
660 57.5 - - 680
680 58 - -
700 59 - -
58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69
720 60 - - HRC
740 60.5 - -
760 61.5 - -
780 62.5 - -
800 63 - -
820 63.5 - -
840 64.5 - -
860 65 - -
880 66 - -
900 66.5 - -
920 67 - -
940 68 - -
960 68.5 - -
980 69 - -
1000 69.5 - -
1020 70 - -
1040 70.5 - -
1060 71 - -
100 101
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS HRC – AND CCT-CURVES ASP
Erasteel Europe Germany USA Japan
(W.Nr.) (AISI) (JIS) ASP®2023 ASP®2030
ASP 2004 HS 6-5-4 1.3361 M4 SKH54 HRC °C HRC °C
68 70
ASP 2005 HS 3-3-4 1.3377 - -
66 68
ASP 2009 - - - - 64 66
62 1180
ASP 2011 - - A11 - 60
64
1150 1180
62
ASP 2012 HS 2-2-2 1.3397 - - 58
1100
1150
60
56
ASP 2015 HS 12-0-5-5 1.3251 T15 SKH10 54 1050 58
1100
52 1000 56 1050
ASP 2017 HS 3-3-1-8 1.3288 - -
50 54 1000
ASP 2023 HS 6-5-3 1.3395 M3:2 SKH53 48 52
520 540 560 580 600 520 540 560 580 600
ASP 2030 HS 6-5-3-8 1.3294 - -
ASP 2042 HS 2-9-1-8 ≈ 1.3247 M42 SKH59
ASP 2048 - - M48 -
ASP 2051 HS 10-4-3-10 1.3207 M51 SKH57
ASP 2052 HS 10-2-5-8 - - -
ASP®2042 ASP®2060
ASP 2053 HS 4-3-8 1.3352 - -
HRC HRC °C
ASP 2055 - - - - 72
°C
72
ASP 2060 - 1.3292 - - 70 70
68 68
ASP 2062 HS 6-10-2 - - - °C 1200
119 0
ASP 2078 HS 6-7-6-10 1.3241 - -
66 1180
1150 900
CCT-curves non cobalt grades
1100 66
1180
64 1100 (ASP 2023)
800 64
1150
ASP APZ10 - - - - 700 continuous cooling transformation curve
62
62 600 1100
Pearlite
BlueTap Co HS 6-5-2-5 1.3243 M35 SKH55 60 500 60 1050
400 Austenitizing temperature 1180°C 1000
E T1 HS 18-0-1 1.3355 T1 SKH2 58
58 300 Hardness after cooling according to curves Bainite
200 56
E M1 HS 2-9-1 1.3346 M1 - 56
100 520 540 560 580 600
520 540 560 580 600
0 HV10 772 870 882 882 858 698 566 345
E M50 HS 0-4-1 1.3325 M50 - 10 1
10 2
10 3
10 4 10 5
EM 52 HS 1-5-2 1.3392 M52 - 0.5 1 2 4 6 10 20 40 1 2 4 8 15 30 1 2 4 8 12 16 1

sec. min. h
E M2 HS 6-5-2 1.3343 M2 SKH51
ABC III HS 3-3-2 1.3333 - -
E M7 HS 2-9-2 1.3348 M7 SKH58 °C 1200 °C 1200
1100
CCT-curves non cobalt grades 1100 CCT-curves cobalt grades
E M3:2 HS 6-5-3 1.3344 M3:2 SKH53 900
900
800 (ASP 2023) 800 (ASP 2030)
Grindamax V3 HS 7-5-3 1.3347 - - 700 continuous cooling transformation curve 700 continuous cooling transformation curve
600 Pearlite
Pearlite 600
E M4 HS 6-5-4 1.3351 M4 SKH54 500 500
400 Austenitizing temperature 1180°C 400 Austenitizing temperature 1180°C
E 945 HS 2-5-1-2 300 Hardness after cooling according to curves Bainite 300 Hardness after cooling Bainite
200 200 according to curves
E M35 HS 6-5-2-5 1.3243 M35 SKH55 100 100
0 HV10 772 870 882 882 858 698 566 345 0 HV10 772 870 882 882 858 698 566 345
C8 HS 5-6-2-8 1.3209 - - 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 10 5 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 10 5
E MAT II HS 1-5-1-8 1.3270 - - 0.5 1 2 4 6 10 20 40 1 2 4 8 15 30 1 2 4 8 12 16 1 0.5 1 2 4 6 10 20 40 1 2 4 8 15 30 1 2 4 8 12 16 1

sec. min. h sec. min. h
E M42 HS 2-9-1-8 1.3247 M42 SKH59
WKE 42 HS 10-4-3-10 1.3207 M51 SKH57
WKE 45 HS 9-4-4-11 1.3208 - - °C 1200
1100 CCT-curves cobalt grades
102 900
(ASP 2030) 103
800
700 continuous cooling transformation curve
Pearlite
CONVERSION TABLES
CONVERSION TABLES
CONVERSION TABLES
Temperature scales °F = °C x 9 + 32 °C = (°F - 32) x 5
5 9
Refer to the center column and find the number of degrees to be converted.
If °F is to be converted to °C, the required figure is to be found in the left- C o F C o F C o F
hand column under C; for converting °C to °F refer to the right hand column. 427 800 1472 671 1240 2264 916 1680 3056
432 810 1490 677 1250 2282 921 1690 3074
C o F C o F C o F 438 820 1508 682 1260 2300 927 1700 3092
–17.8 0 32 127 260 500 296 565 1049 443 830 1526 688 1270 2318 932 1710 3110
–15.0 5 41 132 270 518 299 570 1058 449 840 1544 693 1280 2336 938 1720 3128
–12.2 10 50 138 280 536 302 575 1067 454 850 1562 699 1290 2354 943 1730 3146
–9.4 15 59 143 290 554 304 580 1076 460 860 1580 704 1300 2372 949 1740 3164
466 870 1598 710 1310 2390 954 1750 3182
–6.7 20 68 149 300 572 307 585 1085
471 880 1616 716 1320 2408 960 1760 3200
–3.9 25 77 154 310 590 310 590 1094
477 890 1634 721 1330 2426 966 1770 3218
–1.1 30 86 160 320 608 313 595 1103
482 900 1652 727 1340 2444 971 1780 3236
1.7 35 95 166 330 626 316 600 1112 488 910 1670 732 1350 2462 977 1790 3254
4.4 40 104 171 340 644 318 605 1121 493 920 1688 738 1360 2480 982 1800 3272
7.2 45 113 177 350 662 321 610 1130 499 930 1706 743 1370 2498 988 1810 3290
10.0 50 122 182 360 680 324 615 1139 504 940 1724 749 1380 2516 993 1820 3308
12.8 55 131 188 370 698 327 620 1148 510 950 1742 754 1390 2534 999 1830 3326
15.6 60 140 193 380 716 329 625 1157 516 960 1760 760 1400 2552 1004 1840 3344
521 970 1778 766 1410 2570 1010 1850 3362
18.3 65 149 199 390 734 332 630 1166
527 980 1796 771 1420 2588 1016 1860 3380
21.1 70 158 204 400 752 335 635 1175
532 990 1814 777 1430 2606 1021 1870 3398
23.9 75 167 210 410 770 338 640 1184
538 1000 1832 782 1440 2624 1027 1880 3416
26.7 80 176 216 420 788 341 645 1193 543 1010 1850 788 1450 2642 1032 1890 3434
29.4 85 185 221 430 806 343 650 1202 549 1020 1868 793 1460 2660 1038 1900 3452
32.2 90 194 227 440 824 346 655 1211 554 1030 1886 799 1470 2678 1043 1910 3470
35.0 95 203 232 450 842 349 660 1220 560 1040 1904 804 1480 2696 1049 1920 3488
37.8 100 212 238 460 860 352 665 1229 566 1050 1922 810 1490 2714 1054 1930 3506
43 110 230 243 470 878 354 670 1238 571 1060 1940 816 1500 2732 1060 1940 3524
577 1070 1958 821 1510 2750 1066 1950 3542
49 120 248 249 480 896 357 675 1247
582 1080 1976 827 1520 2768 1071 1960 3560
54 130 266 254 490 914 360 680 1256
588 1090 1994 832 1530 2786 1077 1970 3578
60 140 284 260 500 932 363 685 1265
593 1100 2012 838 1540 2804 1082 1980 3596
66 150 302 263 505 941 366 690 1274 599 1110 2030 843 1550 2822 1093 2000 3632
71 160 320 266 510 950 368 695 1283 604 1120 2048 849 1560 2840 1121 2050 3722
77 170 338 268 515 959 371 700 1292 610 1130 2066 854 1570 2858 1149 2100 3812
82 180 356 271 520 968 377 710 1310 616 1140 2084 860 1580 2876 1177 2150 3902
88 190 374 274 525 977 382 720 1328 621 1150 2102 866 1590 2894 1204 2200 3992
93 200 392 277 530 986 388 730 1346 627 1160 2120 871 1600 2912 1232 2250 4082
632 1170 2138 877 1610 2930 1260 2300 4172
99 210 410 279 535 995 393 740 1364
638 1180 2156 882 1620 2948 1288 2350 4262
99 210 410 282 540 1004 399 750 1382
643 1190 2174 888 1630 2966 1316 2400 4352
104 220 428 285 545 1013 404 760 1400
649 1200 2192 893 1640 2984 1343 2450 4442
110 230 446 288 550 1022 410 770 1418 654 1210 2210 899 1650 3002 1371 2500 4532
116 240 464 291 555 1031 416 780 1436 660 1220 2228 904 1660 3020 - - -
121 250 482 293 560 1040 421 790 1454 666 1230 2246 910 1670 3038 - - -
104 105
CONVERSION TABLES
CONVERSION TABLES
The effect of alloying elements
on the properties of steels
High Alloying Cooling Carbide Resistance Resistance
Alloying Yield Reduction Impact Machinability Scaling Nitrability
Hardness Strength Elongation Elasticity temp. element rate formation to wear to corrosion
element point of area strength
stability
Silicon Silicon
+ + ++ - ≈ - +++ + - - --- - - -
Chromium ++ ++ ++ - - - + + Chromium --- ++ + --- ++ +++
Aluminium - - Aluminium -- +++
Tungsten + + + - - ≈ +++ Tungsten -- ++ +++ -- -- +
Vanadium + + + ≈ ≈ + + ++ Vanadium -- ++++ ++ - + +
Cobalt + + + - - - ++ Cobalt ++ +++ ≈ -
Molybdenum + + + - - + ++ Molybdenum -- +++ ++ - ++ ++
Copper + + ++ ≈ ≈ ≈ + Copper ≈ ≈ +
Sulphur - - - Sulphur +++ -
Phosphorus + + + - - --- Phosphorus ++
Carbon +++ +++ +++ - ≈ - - - Carbon - - ≈
Legend: - Reduction ≈ ca. constant Legend: - Reduction ≈ ca. constant

+ Increase -- Large Reduction not characteristic + Increase -- Large Reduction not characteristic
or unknown or unknown
++ Large Increase --- Strong Reduction ++ Large Increase --- Strong Reduction
+++ Very Large Increase +++ Very Large Increase
106 107
CONVERSION TABLES
CONVERSION TABLES
Round and square Weights kg/m
weights kg/m for HSS. Density 8.00 for flat HSS. Density 8.00
mm mm mm Thickness Width mm
1 0.01 0.01 45 12.7 16.2 89 49.8 63.4 mm 10 12 14 16 18 20 25 30 35 40
2 0.03 0.03 46 13.3 16.9 90 50.9 64.8
5 0.40 0.48 0.56 0.64 0.72 0.80 1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60
3 0.06 0.07 47 13.9 17.7 91 52.0 66.2
6 0.48 0.58 0.67 0.77 0.86 0.96 1.20 1.44 1.68 1.92
4 0.10 0.13 48 14.5 18.4 92 53.2 67.7
7 0.56 0.67 0.78 0.90 1.01 1.12 1.40 1.68 1.96 2.24
5 0.16 0.20 49 15.1 19.2 93 54.3 69.2
8 0.64 0.77 0.90 1.02 1.15 1.28 1.60 1.92 2.24 2.56
6 0.23 0.29 50 15.7 20.0 94 55.5 70.7
9 0.72 0.86 1.01 1.15 1.30 1.44 1.80 2.16 2.52 2.88
7 0.31 0.39 51 16.3 20.8 95 56.7 72.2
10 0.80 0.96 1.12 1.28 1.44 1.60 2.00 2.40 2.80 3.20
8 0.40 0.51 52 17.0 21.6 96 57.9 73.7
11 1.06 1.23 1.41 1.58 1.76 2.20 2.64 3.08 3.52
9 0.51 0.65 53 17.6 22.5 97 59.1 75.3
12 1.15 1.34 1.54 1.73 1.92 2.40 2.88 3.36 3.84
10 0.63 0.80 54 18.3 23.3 98 60.3 76.8
11 0.76 0.97 55 19.0 24.2 99 61.6 78.4 13 1.46 1.66 1.87 2.08 2.60 3.12 3.64 4.16
12 0.90 1.15 56 19.7 25.1 100 62.8 80.0 14 1.57 1.79 2.02 2.24 2.80 3.36 3.92 4.48
13 1.06 1.35 57 20.4 26.0 105 69.3 88.2 15 1.92 2.16 2.40 3.00 3.60 4.20 4.80
14 1.23 1.57 58 21.3 26.9 110 76.0 96.8 16 2.05 2.30 2.56 3.20 3.84 4.48 5.12
15 1.41 1.80 59 21.9 27.8 115 83.1 106 17 2.45 2.72 3.40 4.08 4.76 5.44
16 1.61 2.05 60 22.6 28.8 120 90.5 115 18 2.59 2.88 3.60 4.32 5.04 5.76
17 1.82 2.31 61 23.4 29.8 125 98.2 125 19 3.04 3.80 4.56 5.32 6.08
18 2.04 2.59 62 24.2 30.8 130 106 135 20 3.20 4.00 4.80 5.60 6.40
19 2.27 2.89 63 24.9 31.8 135 115 146 25 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00
20 2.51 3.20 64 25.7 32.8 140 123 157 30 7.20 8.40 9.60
21 2.77 3.53 65 26.5 33.8 145 132 168 35 9.80 11.2
22 3.04 3.87 66 27.4 34.8 150 141 180 40 12.8
23 3.32 4.23 67 28.2 35.9 155 151 192 45
24 3.62 4.61 68 29.1 37.0 160 161 205 50
25 3.93 5.00 69 29.9 38.1 165 171 218 55
26 4.25 5.41 70 30.8 39.2 170 182 231 60
27 4.58 5.83 71 31.7 40.3 175 192 245 65
28 4.93 6.27 72 32.6 41.5 180 204 259 70
29 5.28 6.73 73 33.5 42.6 185 215 274 75
30 5.65 7.20 74 34.4 43.8 190 227 289
80
31 6.04 7.69 75 35.3 45.0 195 239 304
85
32 6.43 8.19 76 36.3 46.2 200 251 320
90
33 6.84 8.71 77 37.3 47.4 210 277 353
95
34 7.26 9.25 78 38.2 48.7 220 304 387
100
35 7.70 9.80 79 39.2 49.9 230 332 423
110
36 8.14 10.37 80 40.2 51.2 240 362 461
120
37 8.60 10.95 81 41.2 52.5 250 393 500
38 9.07 11.55 82 42.2 53.8 260 425 541 130
39 9.56 12.17 83 43.3 55.1 270 458 583 140
40 10.05 12.80 84 44.3 56.4 280 493 627 160
41 10.56 13.45 85 45.4 57.8 290 528 673 180
42 11.08 14.11 86 46.5 59.2 300 565 720 200
43 11.62 14.79 87 47.6 60.6 310 604 769 250
44 12.16 15.49 88 48.7 62.0 320 643 819 300
108 109
CONVERSION TABLES
CONVERSION TABLES
Weights kg/m Weights kg/m
for flat HSS. Density 8.00 for flat HSS. Density 8.00
Thickness Width mm Thickness Width mm
mm 45 50 55 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 mm 140 150 160 180 200 225 250 275 300 350 500 400
5 1.80 2.00 2.20 2.40 2.80 3.20 3.60 4.00 4.40 4.80 5.20 5 5.60 6.00 6.40 7.20 8.00 9.00 10.0 11.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 20.0
6 2.16 2.40 2.64 2.88 3.36 3.84 4.32 4.80 5.28 5.76 6.24 6 6.72 7.20 7.68 8.64 9.60 10.8 12.0 13.2 14.4 16.8 19.2 24.0
7 2.52 2.80 3.08 3.36 3.92 4.48 5.04 5.60 6.16 6.72 7.28 7 7.84 8.40 8.96 10.1 11.2 12.6 14.0 15.4 16.8 19.6 22.4 28.0
8 2.88 3.20 3.52 3.84 4.48 5.12 5.76 6.40 7.04 7.68 8.32 8 8.96 9.60 10.2 11.5 12.8 14.4 16.0 17.6 19.2 22.4 25.6 32.0
9 3.24 3.60 3.96 4.32 5.04 5.76 6.48 7.20 7.92 8.64 9.36 9 10.1 10.8 11.5 13.0 14.4 16.2 18.0 19.8 21.6 25.2 28.8 36.0
10 3.60 4.00 4.40 4.80 5.60 6.40 7.20 8.00 8.80 9.60 10.4 10 11.2 12.0 12.8 14.4 16.0 18.0 20.0 22.0 24.0 28.0 32.0 40.0
11 3.96 4.40 4.84 5.28 6.16 7.04 7.92 8.80 9.68 10.6 11.4 11 12.3 13.2 14.1 15.8 17.6 19.8 22.0 24.2 26.4 30.8 35.2 44.0
12 4.32 4.80 5.28 5.76 6.72 7.68 8.64 9.60 10,56 11.5 12.5 12 13.4 14.4 15.4 17.3 19.2 21.6 24.0 26.4 28.8 33.6 38.4 48.0
13 4.68 5.20 5.72 6.24 7.28 8.32 9.36 10.4 11.4 12.5 13.5 13 14.6 15.6 16.6 18.7 20.8 23.4 26.0 28.6 31.2 36.4 41.6 52.0
14 5.04 5.60 6.16 6.72 7.84 8.96 10.1 11.2 12.3 13.4 14.6 14 15.7 16.8 17.9 20.2 22.4 25.2 28.0 30.8 33.6 39.2 44.8 56.0
15 5.40 6.00 6.60 7.20 8.40 9.60 10.8 12.0 13.2 14.4 15.6 15 16.8 18.0 19.2 21.6 24.0 27.0 30.0 33.0 36.0 42.0 48.0 60.0
16 5.76 6.40 7.04 7.68 8.96 10.2 11.5 12.8 14.1 15.4 16.6 16 17.9 19.2 20.5 23.0 25.6 28.8 32.0 35.2 38.4 44.8 51.2 64.0
17 6.12 6.80 7.48 8.16 9.52 10.9 12.2 13.6 15.0 16.3 17.7 17 19.0 20.4 21.8 24.5 27.2 30.6 34.0 37.4 40.8 47.6 54.4 68.0
18 6.48 7.20 7.92 8.64 10.1 11.5 13.0 14.4 15.8 17.3 18.7 18 20.2 21.6 23.0 25.9 28.8 32.4 36.0 39.6 43.2 50.4 57.6 72.0
19 6.84 7.60 8.36 9.12 10.6 12.2 13.7 15.2 16.7 18.2 19.8 19 21.3 22.8 24.3 27.4 30.4 34.2 38.0 41.8 45.6 53.2 60.8 76.0
20 7.20 8.00 8.80 9.60 11.2 12.8 14.4 16.0 17.6 19.2 20.8 20 22.4 24.0 25.6 28.8 32.0 36.0 40.0 44.0 48.0 56.0 64.0 80.0
25 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 22.0 24.0 26.0 25 28.0 30.0 32.0 36.0 40.0 45.0 50.0 55.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 100
30 10.8 12.0 13.2 14.4 16.8 19.2 21.6 24.0 26.4 28.8 31.2 30 33.6 36.0 38.4 43.2 48.0 54.0 60.0 66.0 72.0 84.0 96.0 120
35 12.6 14.0 15.4 16.8 19.6 22.4 25.2 28.0 30.8 33.6 36.4 35 39.2 42.0 44.8 50.4 56.0 63.0 70.0 77.0 84.0 98.0 112 140
40 14.4 16.0 17.6 19.2 22.4 25.6 28.8 32.0 35.2 38.4 41.6 40 44.8 48.0 51.2 57.6 64.0 72.0 80.0 88.0 96.0 112 128 160
45 16.2 18.0 19.8 21.6 25.2 28.8 32.4 36.0 39.6 43.2 46.8 45 50.4 54.0 57.6 64.8 72.0 81.0 90.0 99.0 108 126 144 180
50 20.0 22.0 24.0 28.0 32.0 36.0 40.0 44.0 48.0 52.0 50 56.0 60.0 64.0 72.0 80.0 90.0 100 110 120 140 160 200
55 24.2 26.4 30.8 35.2 39.6 44.0 48.4 52.8 57.2 55 61.6 66.0 70.4 79.2 88.0 99.0 110 121 132 154 176 220
60 28.8 33.6 38.4 43.2 48.0 52.8 57.6 62.4 60 67.2 72.0 76.8 86.4 96.0 108 120 132 144 168 192 240
65 36.4 41.6 46.8 52.0 57.2 62.4 67.6 65 72.8 78.0 83.2 93.6 104 117 130 143 156 182 208 260
70 39.2 44.8 50.4 56.0 61.6 67.2 72.8 70 78.4 84.0 89.6 101 112 126 140 154 168 196 224 280
75 48.0 54.0 60.0 66.0 72.0 78.0 75 84.0 90.0 96.0 108 120 135 150 165 180 210 240 300
80 51.2 57.6 64.0 70.4 76.8 83.2 80 89.6 96 102 115 128 144 160 176 192 224 256 320
85 61.2 68.0 74.8 81.6 88.4 85 95.2 102 109 122 136 153 170 187 204 238 272 340
90 64.8 72.0 79.2 86.4 93.6 90 101 108 115 130 144 162 180 198 216 252 288 360
95 76.0 83.6 91.2 98.8 95 106 114 122 137 152 171 190 209 228 266 304 380
100 88.0 96.0 104 100 112 120 128 144 160 180 200 220 240 280 320 400
110 96.8 106 114 110 123 132 141 158 176 198 220 242 264 308 352 440
120 115 125 120 134 144 154 173 192 216 240 264 288 336 384 480
130 135 130 146 156 166 187 208 234 260 286 312 364 416 520
140 140 157 168 179 202 224 252 280 308 336 392 448 560
160 160 205 230 256 288 320 352 384 448 512 640
180 180 259 288 324 360 396 432 504 576 720
200 200 320 360 400 440 480 560 640 800
250 250 500 550 600 700 800 1000
300 300 720 840 960 1200
110 111
CONVERSION TABLES
CONVERSION TABLES
ISO-tolerances Inches and fractions to millimetres
The tolerance range IT in mm is given according to the international ISO- Inches 0 1/64 1/32 1/16 1/8 3/16 1/4 5/16
system. Millimetres
Diameter (mm) Tolerance range 0 0.40 0.79 1.59 3.18 4.76 6.35 7.94
over up to IT8 IT9 IT10 IT11 IT12 IT13 IT14 1 25.40 25.80 26.19 26.99 28.58 30.16 31.75 33.34
3 0.014 0.025 0.040 0.060 0.100 0.140 0.250 2 50.80 51.20 51.59 52.39 53.98 55.56 57.15 58.74
3 6 0.018 0.030 0.048 0.075 0.120 0.180 0.300 3 76.20 76.60 76.99 77.79 79.38 80.96 82.55 84.14
6 10 0.022 0.036 0.058 0.090 0.150 0.220 0.360 4 101.60 102.00 102.39 103.19 104.78 106.36 107.95 109.54
10 18 0.027 0.043 0.070 0.110 0.180 0.270 0.430 5 127.00 127.40 127.79 128.59 130.18 131.76 133.35 134.94
18 30 0.033 0.052 0.084 0.130 0.210 0.330 0.520 6 152.40 152.80 153.19 153.99 155.58 157.16 158.75 160.34
30 50 0.039 0.062 0.100 0.160 0.250 0.390 0.620 7 177.80 178.20 178.59 179.39 180.98 182.56 184.15 185.74
50 80 0.046 0.074 0.120 0.190 0.300 0.460 0.740 8 203.20 203.60 203.99 204.79 206.38 207.96 209.55 211.14
80 120 0.054 0.087 0.140 0.220 0.350 0.540 0.870 9 228.60 229.00 229.39 230.19 231.78 233.36 234.95 236.54
120 180 0.063 0.100 0.160 0.250 0.400 0.630 1.000 10 254.00 254.40 254.79 255.59 257.18 258.76 260.35 261.94
180 250 0.072 0.115 0.185 0.290 0.460 0.720 1.150 11 279.40 254.40 280.19 280.99 282.58 284.16 285.75 287.34
250 315 0.081 0.130 0.210 0.320 0.520 0.810 1.300 12 304.80 254.40 305.59 306.39 307.98 309.56 311.15 312.74
315 400 0.089 0.140 0.230 0.360 0.570 0.890 1.400
400 500 0.097 0.155 0.250 0.400 0.630 0.970 1.550
Inches 3/8 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8 3/4 7/8
500 630 0.110 0.175 0.280 0.440 0.700 1.100 1.750
Millimetres
630 800 0.125 0.200 0.320 0.500 0.800 1.250 2.000
0 9.53 11.11 12.70 14.29 15.88 19.05 22.26
1 34.93 36.51 38.10 39.69 41.28 44.45 47.63
Tolerance location for external dimensions:
2 60.33 61.91 63.50 65.09 66.68 69.85 73.03
h = minus only
3 85.73 87.31 88.90 90.49 92.08 95.25 98.43
js = half minus, half plus
k = plus only 4 111.13 112.71 3114.30 115.89 117.48 120.65 123.83
5 136.53 138.11 3139.70 141.29 142.88 146.05 149.23
6 161.93 163.51 3165.10 166.69 168.28 171.45 174.63
7 187.33 188.91 3190.50 192.09 193.68 196.85 200.03
8 212.73 214.31 3215.90 217.49 219.08 222.25 225.43
9 238.13 239.71 3241.30 242.89 244.48 247.65 250.83
10 263.53 265.11 3266.70 268.29 269.88 273.05 276.23
11 288.93 290.51 3292.10 293.69 295.28 298.45 301.63
12 314.33 315.91 3317.50 319.09 320.68 323.85 327.03
112 113
CONVERSION TABLES
CONVERSION TABLES
Millimetres to inches Length
mm inch mm inch mm inch mm inch m mm inch foot yard
1 0.039 31 1.220 61 2.402 91 3.583 1m 1 103 39.3701 3.2808 1.0936
2 0.079 32 1.260 62 2.441 92 3.622 1 mm 10–3 1 39.37 X10–3 3.281 X10–3 1.094 X10–3
3 0.118 33 1.299 63 2.480 93 3.661 1 inch 25.4 X10 –3
25.4 1 83.33 X10 –3
27.78 X10–3
4 0.157 34 1.339 64 2.520 94 3.701 1 foot 0.3048 304.8 12 1 0.3333
5 0.197 35 1.378 65 2.559 95 3.740 1 yard 0.9144 914.4 36 3 1
6 0.236 36 1.417 66 2.598 96 3.780 1 mile (eng.) 1.6093 X103 1.6093 X106 63.36 X103 5.28 X103 1.76 X103
7 0.276 37 1.457 67 2.638 97 3.819 1 mile (nautic) 1.852 X103 1.852 X106 72.91 X103 6.076 X103 2.025 X103
8 0.315 38 1.496 68 2.677 98 3.858 1 km = 0.6214 mile (eng.) = 0.5396 mile (nautic)
9 0.354 39 1.535 69 2.717 99 3.898
1 A.U. = 10–10 m = 10–4 µm
Area
10 0.394 40 1.575 70 2.756 100 3.937
11 0.433 41 1.614 71 2.795 110 4.331
12 0.472 42 1.654 72 2.835 120 4.724
m2 mm2 inch2 foot2 yard2
13 0.512 43 1.693 73 2.874 130 5.118
1 m2 1 106 1.55 X103 10.76 1.196
14 0.551 44 1.732 74 2.913 140 5.512
1 mm 2
10 –6
1 1.55 X10 –3
10.76 X10 –6
1.196 X10–6
15 0.591 45 1.772 75 2.953 150 5.906
1 inch 2
0.645 X10–3 645.16 1 6.944 X10–3 0.772 X10–3
16 0.630 46 1.811 76 2.992 160 6.299
1 foot2 92.9 X10 –3
92.9 X10 3
144 1 0.1111
17 0.669 47 1.850 77 3.031 170 6.693
1 yard2 0.8361 836.1 X103 1.296 X103 9 1
18 0.709 48 1.890 78 3.071 180 7.087
1 acre 4.047 X10 3
4.047 X10 9
6.273 X10 6
43.56 X10 3
4.84 X103
19 0.748 49 1.929 79 3.110 190 7.480
1 mile (eng.)
2
2.5907 X10 6
2.5907 X10 12
4.014 X10 9
27.88 X10 6
3.0976 X106
20 0.787 50 1.969 80 3.150 200 7.874
1 km2= 247 acre 1 acre = 0.3861 mile2 (eng)
21 0.827 51 2.008 81 3.189 210 8.268
22
23
0.866
0.906
52
53
2.047
2.087
82
83
3.228
3.268
220
230
8.661
9.055
Volume
24 0.945 54 2.126 84 3.307 240 9.449
m3 l = dm3 inch3 foot3 yard3
25 0.984 55 2.165 85 3.346 250 9.843
1 m3 1 103 61.0237 X103 35.3147 1.308
26 1.024 56 2.205 86 3.386 260 10.236
1 l = 1 DM 3
10 –3
1 61.02 35.31 X10 –3
1.3 X10–3
27 1.063 57 2.244 87 3.425 270 10.630
1 inch 3
16.387 X10–6 16.387 X10–3 1 0.579 X10–3 21.43X10–6
28 1.102 58 2.283 88 3.465 280 11.024
1 foot3 28.317 X10 –3
28.317 1.728 X10 3
1 37.04 X10–3
29 1.142 59 2.323 89 3.504 290 11.417
1 yard 3
0.76455 764.55 46.656 X103 27 1
30 1.181 60 2.362 90 3.543 300 11.811
1 gallon (UK) 4.546 X10 –3
4.5461 277.4 0.1605 5.946 X10–3
1 gallon (US) 3.785 X10 –3
3.7854 231 0.1337 4.951 X10–3
1 l = 1 dm3= 0.219969 gallon (UK) = 0.264172 gallon (US)

1 cm3= 61 x10–3in3
114 115
CONVERSION TABLES
CONVERSION TABLES
Velocity Force
m/s km/h ft/s mile/h kn (knot) N dyn kp lbf
1 m/s 1 3.6 3.2808 2.2369 1.9438 1N 1 0,1 X106 0.10197 0.2248
1 dyn 10 X10–6 1 1.02 X10–6 2.248 X10–6
1 km/h 0.2778 1 0.9113 0.6214 0.54
1 kp 9.80665 980.665 X103 1 2.2046
1 ft/s 0.3048 1.0973 1 0.6818 0.5925 1 lbf 4.448 444.8 X103 0.4536 1
1 mile/h 0.447 1.6093 1.4666 1 0.869
Power
1 kn (knot) 0.5144 1.852 1.6878 1.1508 1
1 knot = 1 nautic mile 1 mach = ca. 1.2 x10 km/h

3
W kpm/s kcal/h hk ft x lbf/s

Mass 1W 1 0.102 0.8598 1.36 X10–3 0.7376
1 kpm/s 9.80665 1 8.432 13.33 X10–3 7.233
1 kcal/h 1.163 0.1186 1 1.581 X10–3 0.8578
kg g lb (pound) slug oz (ounce)
1 hk 735.5 75 632.5 1 542.5
1 kg 1 10 3
2.2046 68.52 X10 –3
35.274
1 ft x lbf/s 1.356 0.1383 1.166 1.843 X10–3 1
1g 10–3 1 2.2 X10–3 68.52 X10–6 35.274 X10–3 1 hp (UK, US) 745.7 76.04 641.2 1.014 550
1 lb (pound) 0.4536 453.59 1 31.08 X10–3 16 1 Btu/h 0.2931 29.89 X10–3 0.252 398.5 X10–6 0.2162
1 slug
1 kcal/s = 4.1868 x103W 1 W = 238.8 x10–6 kcal/s = 1.341 x10–3 hp
14.594 14.5939 X103 32.17 1 514.8
1 oz (ounce) 28.35 X10 –3
28.35 62.5 X10 –3
1.943 X10 –3
1
1 long cwt (UK) 50.8023 50.8023 X103 112 3.481 1.792 X103 Pressure, stress
1 long ton (UK) 1.016 X103 1.016 X106 2.24 X103 69.62 35.84 X103
2 short cwt (US) 45.3592 45.3592 X103 100 3.108 1.6 X103
MPa =
1 short ton (US) 907.185 907.185 X10 2 X10 61.16 32 X103 Pa = N/m2 bar kp/mm2 lbf/in2 (psi)
N/mm2
3 3
1 long ton (UK) = 20 long cwt (UK) 1 short ton (US) = 20 short cwt (US) 1 Pa = 1 N/m2 1 10–6 10 X10–6 0.102 X10–6 0.145 X10–3
1 kg = 0.9842 x10–3 long ton (UK) = 1.1023 x10–3 short ton (US) 1 MPa =
106 1 10 0.102 145
1 kg = 19.684 x10–3 long cwt (UK) = 22.046 x10–3 short cwt (US) 1 N/mm2
1 bar 100X103 0.1 1 10.2 X10–3 14.5
1 kp/mm2 9.80665 X106 9.807 X10–6 98.0665 1 1.4223 X103
Density 1 lbf/in2= psi 6.895 X103 6.895 X10–3 68.95 X10–3 703 X10–6 1
1 kg/m3 1
kg/m3
10–3
g/cm3 lb/in3
36.13 X10–6
lb/ft3
62.43 X10–3
Energy, work
1 g/cm3 103 1 36.13 X10–3 62.428
J kWh kpm kcal ft x lb
1 lb/in3 27.6799 X103 27.68 1 1.728 X103
1J 1 0.278 X10–6 0.102 0.239 X10–3 0.7376
1 lb/ft3 16.0185 16.02 X10–3 0.579 X10–3 1 1 kWh 3.6 X106 1 367.1 X103 859.8 2.655 X106
1 kpm 9.80665 2.724 X10 –6
1 2.342 X10 –3
7.233
1 kcal 4.1868 X103 1.163 X10–3 426.9 1 3.088 X103
1 ft x lbf 1.356 376.6 X10–9 0.1383 323.8 X10–3 1
116 117
TECHNICAL GLOSSARY
TECHNICAL GLOSSARY
• Annealing • Cold working
A process involving heating and soaking at a suitable temperature followed by a slow Plastic deformation to create strain-hardening at normal temperatures.
cooling applied in order to alter the mechanical or physical properties. After return to ambient
temperature, the metal will almost be in an equilibrium state. After annealing, steel • Drawing (Cold/Hot)
normally exhibits a low hardness, so that machining or other operations are easier. Process to reduce the cross section of wire, bar or tube by drawing the material through
a die. This process changes the dimension of the product and its tolerances but also
the mechanical properties and the microstructure. Drawing may be performed at room
• Austenitizing temperature (cold drawing) or at an elevated temperature (hot drawing). Cold drawn
Operation that enables austenite to be created by heating a ferrous alloy into the transformation products are accurate to size, free from scale with a bright surface finish.
range (partial austenitizing) or above the transformation range (complete austenitizing). The
structure of the material then becomes austenitic. Austenitizing is the first step of a typical
heat treating process for steels. • Forging
Process of working metal to a finished shape by hammering, forging or pressing. It is
primarily a "hot" operation. It is applied to the production of shapes either impossible or too
• Carbide costly to make by other methods or to obtain properties not feasible by casting.
A compound of carbon in chemical combination with one or more metallic elements, such
as V, W, or Mo. Carbides are hard and brittle. Carbides are present in the microstructure of
high speed steel and tool steel to increase wear resistance. • Grinding
Machining process to obtain a high degree of dimensional accuracy and surface finish on
a component. Ground surface finishes are usually smoother than peeled or turned surfaces.
• Carburizing / case hardening
Introduction of Carbon into the surface layer of a ferrous alloy in the austenitic state. The
process is carried out by heating the components in a Carbon containing medium. The • Hardening
depth of penetration of Carbon into the surface is controlled by the time and temperature Increase of the hardness by suitable treatment, usually involving heating and cooling.
of the treatment. After carburizing, it is necessary to harden the components by heating to
a suitable temperature and quenching. • Heat treatment
Operation or combination of operations involving the heating and cooling of a metal or an
• Cold drawing alloy in the solid state to obtain certain conditions or properties.
Process of reducing the cross sectional area of wire, bar or tube by drawing the material
through a die without any pre-heating. The process changes the mechanical properties of • Hardenability
the steel and the finished product is accurate to size, free from scale with a bright surface Ability of a ferrous alloy to form martensite when quenched from a temperature above the
finish. upper critical temperature. Hardenability is commonly measured with the Jominy test.
Hardenability is a measure of how easily a material may be quenched to reach a desired
• Cold rolling hardness.
Process to roll metal at a temperature below the softening point of the metal to create
strain hardening (work-hardening). Cold rolling changes the mechanical properties and • Nitriding
produces certain useful combinations of hardness, strength, stiffness, ductility and other Introduction of nitrogen into the surface layer of a solid ferrous alloy.
characteristics known as tempers.
118 119
TECHNICAL GLOSSARY WORLDWIDE PRESENCE
• Peeling or Turning
Machining process to obtain a high degree of dimensional accuracy and surface finish on Erasteel has 7 production sites, as well as 3 service centers and 10 sales offices on
a component. Peeling involves feeding a moving bar through a stationary cutting head (the all continents.
bar moves), while turning involves rotating a bar in place while a cutting head moves along
the length of the bar (the cutter moves).
Düsseldorf, Germany
• Quenching Långshyttan, Sweden
Vikmanshyttan, Sweden
Cooling quickly from a high temperature to a lower temperature. Quenching may be Söderfors, Sweden
performed in water, oil, molten salt, or high pressure gas, depending on the grade of steel
and type of heat treating equipment. Quenching is typically the second part of a heat treating
Sheffield, UK
operation, following austenitizing. Warrington, UK
• Quench hardening
This operation consists in heating the material to the proper austenitizing temperature, Irun, Spain
maintain that temperature for a sufficient time to change into crystalline structure, and Romeoville, USA Paris, France
Boonton, USA Commentry, France
quench in water, oil or gas depending on the chemical composition. After quenching, the Chalon, France
material is reheated to a predetermined temperature below the critical range and then Champagnole, France
cooled under suitable temperatures (tempering). Milan, Italy
Mumbai, India
Tianjin, China
Shanghai, China
• Rolling
Taipei, Taiwan
Process of shaping metal by passing it between rolls revolving at the same peripheral
Seoul, South Korea
speed and in opposite directions. In the steel industry, there are a number of different types Sao Paulo, Brazil Tokyo, Japan
of rolling mills to process the ingot to its finished shape.
Sales offices
Production sites
• Tempering Service centers
Reheating steel to an intermediate temperature after quenching, and holding at that
temperature for a specified time.Tempering is typically the third part of a heat treating
operation, following quenching. Tempering produces improved toughness in heat treated Sales offices Production sites Service centers
steels, which may be brittle after quenching.
120
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2018-PB-Pocket book_EN_V2_2018 - This document is for information only and does not create any binding contractual obligations

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SUMMARY

Company profile ............................................................................................................................................ 4

Technology process .................................................................................................................................... 9

ASP® & High Speed Steel Guide .................................................................................................. 12

ASP® grades ................................................................................................................................................ 17

BlueTap® grade ........................................................................................................................................... 55

Technical guide .......................................................................................................................................... 98

Conversion table .................................................................................................................................... 104

Technical glossary ................................................................................................................................ 118

ASP® & BlueTap® are registered trademarks of Erasteel

Erasteel - A member of ERAMET

Profiled edges Strips (cold rolled) Powders

ASP® and Pearl® are registered trademarks of Erasteel.

Customer-oriented research and development

40 years of expertise in Powder Metallurgy

Ø 125 mm / 4,921 inch

ASP®, BLUETAP AND HIGH SPEED STEEL GUIDE

ASP®, non Cobalt-grades

For tap manufacturing: excellent grindability, and a superior

HSS, non Cobalt-grades

ASP 2053 ASP 2015 8.2

ASP 2042 8.0

ASP 2052 ASP 2052 8.2

ASP APZ10 Martensitic stainless steel grades ASP APZ10 7.8

BlueTap® Grades BlueTap Co 8.0

BlueTapCo Standard Grades E T1 8.7

E M52 ABC III 8.0

ASP® GRADE DATASHEET

ASP® GRADES DATA // ASP®2004

ASP®2004 POWDER METALLURGY HSS

• Rolls • Broaches • electrical discharge machining 40 63

• Rotating multi-edge cutting tools • welding (special procedure including preheating 30 61

• Coils • Forged blanks

ASP® GRADE DATASHEET

ASP® GRADES DATA // ASP®2005

ASP®2005 POWDER METALLURGY HSS kN/mm2

1.50 4.0 2.5 2.5 - 4.0 64 3 1150 15

• Europe: HS 3-3-4 1150

ASP® GRADES DATA // ASP®2009

ASP®2009 is a high alloyed PM grade for applications

• Soft annealing: heat in a protective atmosphere to SURFACE TREATMENT Original dimension 9 x 12 mm

• Hardening: use a protective atmosphere. Pre-heat in E M 35

Quench down to 40-50°C or lower. ASP 2004

ASP® GRADE DATASHEET

ASP® GRADES DATA // ASP®2011

ASP 2011 POWDER METALLURGY HSS

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION GUIDELINES FOR HARDENING PROPERTIES COMPRESSION YIELD STRESS

PROCESSING IMPACT TOUGHNESS Rmb

ASP® GRADES DATA // ASP®2012

• Europe: HS 2-2-2 PROPERTIES

DELIVERY HARDNESS 500 520 540 560 580 600 620

Elongation at rupture (%)

Elongation at rupture (%)

Elongation at rupture (%)

Energy absorption - Joule

• machining (grinding, turning, milling) ASP 2023

900°C for 3 hours, followed by slow cooling at • electrical discharge machining

manufacturers can give some advice on the choice of ASP 2005

ASP GRADE DATASHEET

ASP® GRADES DATA // ASP®2015