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    Starch Yielding Plants

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    This document discusses starch yielding plants and the process for obtaining starch from potatoes specifically. It notes that starch is a polysaccharide produced by green plants and stored in organs like roots, tubers, and seeds. Potatoes are a starchy tuber crop that can contain up to 15% starch. The production of potato starch involves cleaning, crushing, and separating the starch from potatoes, then refining, dewatering, and drying it. Starch has many uses including in food processing, brewing, paper manufacturing, textiles, and pharmaceuticals.

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    Starch Yielding Plants

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    vandv prints
    412 views4 pages
    This document discusses starch yielding plants and the process for obtaining starch from potatoes specifically. It notes that starch is a polysaccharide produced by green plants and stored in organs like roots, tubers, and seeds. Potatoes are a starchy tuber crop that can contain up to 15% starch. The production of potato starch involves cleaning, crushing, and separating the starch from potatoes, then refining, dewatering, and drying it. Starch has many uses including in food processing, brewing, paper manufacturing, textiles, and pharmaceuticals.

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    This document discusses starch yielding plants and the process for obtaining starch from potatoes specifically. It notes that starch is a polysaccharide produced by green plants and stored in organs like roots, tubers, and seeds. Potatoes are a starchy tuber crop that can contain up to 15% starch. The production of potato starch involves cleaning, crushing, and separating the starch from potatoes, then refining, dewatering, and drying it. Starch has many uses including in food processing, brewing, paper manufacturing, textiles, and pharmaceuticals.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    412 views4 pages

    Starch Yielding Plants

    Uploaded by

    vandv prints
    This document discusses starch yielding plants and the process for obtaining starch from potatoes specifically. It notes that starch is a polysaccharide produced by green plants and stored in organs like roots, tubers, and seeds. Potatoes are a starchy tuber crop that can contain up to 15% starch. The production of potato starch involves cleaning, crushing, and separating the starch from potatoes, then refining, dewatering, and drying it. Starch has many uses including in food processing, brewing, paper manufacturing, textiles, and pharmaceuticals.

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    Starch Yielding Plants

    Dr. Rajeshwari P
    Guest faculty
    Dept of Botany, YCM
    Introduction
    • Starch, a white, granular, organicchemical that is produced by all green plants.
    • Is a soft, white, tasteless powder that is insoluble in cold water, alcohol, or
    other solvents.
    • a polysaccharide comprising glucose monomers joined in α 1,4 linkages. The simplest
    form of starch is the linear polymer amylose; amylopectin is the branched form.
    • Starch is stored in chloroplasts in the form of granules and in such storage organs as
    the roots of the cassava plant; the tuberof the potato; the stem pith of sago; and
    the seeds of corn, wheat,and rice.

    Raw materials:
    Tuberous Crop: Potato, Sweet Potato, Cassava…
    Grain: Maize/Corn, Wheat, Rice, Sorghum, Mung beans, peas, broad bean

    Commercial starch is obtained by crushing or grinding starch-containing tubers or seeds and


    then mixing the pulp with water; the resulting paste is freed of its remaining impurities and
    then dried.
    Potato
    • Potato is a starchy, tuberous crop from the perennial Solanum tuberosum of Solanace
    family.
    • Origin: Peru
    • Potato is the third most important food crop in the world next to rice and wheat.
    • Please otato has up to 15% of starch.

    Processing
    • Potato
    • Cleaning
    • Washing
    • Crushing
    • Separating
    • Refining
    • Dewatering
    • Drying
    • Potato Starch

    The production of potato starch comprises the steps such as delivery and unloading potatoes,
    cleaning, rasping of tubers, potato juice separation, starch extraction, starch milk rafination,
    dewatering of refined starch milk and starch drying.

    Step 1. Transportation: The potato is transported from the storage yard to the cleaning
    machine by using a conveyor,
    Step 2. Cleaning and washing: transported potatoes are subjected to cleaning machine for
    removing the small stones, dirt and other debris of raw materials. After stone removal,
    potatoes are washed in a rotary washing machine. The potatoes are constantly rolling and
    rubbing in the water, which can make the soil on the potato peel off to achieve a good
    washing effect.
    Step 3. Crushing: is done to rupture the cells of potato, so that the tiny starch granules can be
    smoothly separated using potato starch processing machine. The starch released from the
    cells is called free starch and the starch inside the cell in the dregs is called bound starch.
    Step 4. Sepateting: The crushed photo contains fiber, protein and other impurities, therefore it
    needs to separate the starch from the impurities. Centrifuge sieve is mainly used to separate
    the fiber and starch slurry. The slurry separation is also an important which determines the
    yield of starch. Therefore this process need to be repeat several times to improve the potato
    starch content.
    Step 5. Concentration and refining: multihydrocyclone station is used for this process. This
    involves the removal of small fibers and water from the starch milk and its condensation. In
    order to prevent enzymatic darkening of potato juice the chemical refining of starch is carried
    out using sulfurous acid. Refined starch milk has about 38% of starch.
    Step 6. Dehydrating: dehydration is done using vacuum filter. Dehydration to reduce the
    moisture content of the wet starch to less than 38%.
    Step 7. Drying and packing: for drying the wet starch is heated by the high speed hot air and
    the water evaporates and collected.. The collected starch is packaged into finished products
    by packaging machine.
    Uses
    • In food processing a lot of starch is converted to starch hydrolysates and used in
    making puddings, jellies, desserts, caramel and other food products.
    • Starches are used in brewing and as thickening agents in baked goods and
    confections.
    • Starch is used in paper manufacturing to increase the strength of paper and is also
    used in the surface sizing of paper.
    • Starch is used in the manufacture of corrugated paperboard, paper bags and boxes,
    and gummed paper and tape.
    • Large quantities of starch are also used in the textile industry as warp sizing, which
    imparts strength to the thread during weaving.
    • Applications of starch in non-food sectors include: production of dextrin and
    adhesives, drilling fluids, biodegradable plastics, gypsum binders and many other.
    • It is also used as emulsion stabilizers.
    • Other important fields of starch application are excipient in tablets for
    pharmaceuticals.

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