IMoT AGRI FORUM'S NOV 2019 / ISSUE #23

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THE AGRARIA
An Agricultural and Environmental e - Magazine

Tipu Sultan - How’s Agriculture

in this Tiger’s command ?

Breathing with a burden:

The perennial issue of air pollution

Hike in MSP for Rabi crops

and It’s Impacts

வேளாண்மையில் உரங்கள் ஏன் ? எதற்கு ?

எப்படி? பகுதி-5 Scan to Subscribe
 THE AGRARIA e - Magazine
Nov - 2019

Breathing with a burden: The perennial issue of air

pollution
- Sathes Kumar K,
03

A major step forward in reducing food loss and waste is

critical to achieve the SDG
06

Environmental News Bits

Agricultural News Bits
09

Tipu Sultan - How’s Agriculture in this Tiger’s command ?

- Mohamed Jayalani
12

Colombo Declaration calls for tackling Global Nitrogen

Challenge
- Mohamed Jayalani
15

Agri-preneurs need these skills to be successful says

Anil Hanegave, senior Agribusiness trainer
- Interviewed By Ram Sundar M
17

Hike in MSP for Rabi crops and It’s Impacts

- Shilpa Panginikkode
INSIDE

21

Green Crackers - Are We Ready For It ?

- Nivendran.S
21

வேளாண்மையில் உரங்கள் ஏன் ? எதற்கு ? எப்படி? பகுதி-5

- முனைவர். ச.பாபு & மு.ஜெயராஜ்
25

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LE T T E R
F RO M
THE
EDITOR

Breathing with a burden: The

perennial issue of air pollution
The severe deterioration of air quality in
the national capital from the end of October
2019 hogged the limelight in newspapers
and internet media. Given the poor air
quality in Delhi NCR and few other cities in
Northern part of India in the last few years
and in hindsight, it’s no surprise that the
talk of the town is on air quality post Di-
wali. Being a critical environmental issue,
it rapidly took a political turn with Chief
Ministers of Delhi, Punjab, Haryana and
the Central Government playing the blame
game on tackling air pollution with differ-
ent opinions on stubble burning and claims
of maximum action against pollution. The
Kejriwal government even ran advertise-
ments in leading newspapers with a claim
of 25% reduction in air pollution levels from
2012-14 levels and the Ministry of Environ-
ment, Forestry and Climate Change sent
an SMS stating that Delhi experienced the
cleanest Diwali since 2016.
As citizens, it is indeed our duty to at least
attempt to understand this critical and
complex issue. Several studies indicate the
sources of air pollution to be transportation,
stubble burning, dust from construction ac-
tivities with waste burning and diesel gen-
erator sets aggravating the poor air quality
further.
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Delhi’s present weather conditions (no subsidies for Happy seeder and Super
wind movement, lower temperature) Straw management system, several is-
provide perfect conditions for the pol- sues including maintenance costs stand
lutants to remain in the atmosphere in the way of success. While Haryana
has started crop di-
versification schemes,
large-scale success
is yet to be met. It
should be clear that
mere fining of stubble
burning instances will
not be a long-term
feasible solution. As
clearly pointed out by
Agricultural Expert
Devinder Sharma in
his tweet, farmers are
on news only for stub-
ble burning!
Moving on to trans-
until conditions improve. As stubble portation, it is time to acknowledge
burning is being touted as the largest the need for transition towards public
contributor to air pollution, this issue transportation. Though technological
needs further questioning and insights. advancements have improved engine
Introduction of the rice-wheat cropping efficiency, this is offset by the sheer
system in Punjab and Haryana belt date number of vehicles on the road. In-
back to the Green Revolution in India. stead of constructing new flyovers and
Government mechanisms like Mini- highways, we should improve public
mum Support Price and lack of incen- transport standards. While Delhi has
tive to grow other crops push farmers arguably India’s finest metro networks,
to continue with the rice-wheat crop- the sheer inadequacy of buses in Delhi
ping system, thereby abusing ground- often goes unnoticed.
water resources.
As the window
to prepare the
land for the wheat
cultivation is very
narrow, farm-
ers are forced to
burn the paddy
stubble as it’s
the easiest way
around. Though
the government
came up with

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Buses remain the cheapest source of long term benefits – including a pollu-
transportation and frequent buses tion free Diwali.
with Air conditioning will be a boon
to employees, students and senior citi- In the larger picture, we seriously need
zens. The notion of roads belonging to to rethink the strategy for the country.
cars should be broken by empowering One is forced to question the notion of
pedestrians, cyclists and citizens. The economic development when we don’t
car-free zone of Karol Bagh stands out even have quality air, water and food.
as an example. A mere increase in economic and GDP
growth will never translate to ultimate
While there’s too much noise on stubble welfare of citizens. An alternative
burning, issues such as domestic waste economic view is must be at the van-
burning, polluting Diesel Generator

sets and construction activities go un- guard of our fight against global envi-
noticed. Addressing these issues will ronmental issues. Thus, it is left to the
definitely improve Delhi’s air quality. politicians, bureaucrats and ultimately
While air pollution in Delhi is much dis- citizens to understand the pulse of the
cussed and debated, air pollution issues problem and active in a proactive man-
in other Tier I & II cities should also be ner instead of playing blame games.
concentrated. Also, literacy and aware- Media should also refrain from blowing
ness regarding air pollution is shocking- up news and should instead concen-
ly low even in Delhi. Therefore, schools trate more on disseminating insightful
and governments should take a proac- and meaningful messages. The Agraria
tive role in disseminating information aims to do just that…
on air pollution. These efforts will have

Sathes Kumar K,
Executive editor of The Agraria, Young India Fellow at Ashoka University
and graduated in Energy and Environmental Engineering.

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FOOD

A major step forward in reducing food loss and

waste is critical to achieve the SDG

Farmers harvesting cabbages in Kabala Town, Koinadugu District, Sierra Leone.

Globally around 14 percent of the However, the food losses vary consider-
world’s food is lost after harvesting and ably from one region to another within
before reaching the retail level. FAO re- the same commodity groups and sup-
port provides to help identify appropri- ply chain stages.
ate measures for an effective reduction . The report highlights the need, and
A new FAO report launched today by offers a new methodology, to measure
the UN Food and Agriculture Organi- carefully losses at each stage in the
zation provides insights into how much food supply chain. Doing so will help
food is lost - at different stages of the to identify critical loss points across the
food supply chain- also where and why supply chain. These are points where
it occurs, calls for an effective reduc- food losses have the highest magnitude,
tion and offers new ways to measure the greatest impact on food security,
progress. and the largest economic dimensions,
His will help not only to achieve prog- as well as to identify the appropriate
ress, but could also contribute to a num- measures for their reduction.
ber of Sustainable Development Goals It also points to the importance of re-
related to food security and environ- ducing food waste, which occurs at
mental sustainability, the report states. the retail and consumption level and is
According to the State of Food and linked to limited shelf life and consum-
Agriculture 2019, globally around 14 er behaviour, such as   demanding food
percent of the world’s food is lost af- products that meet aesthetic standards,
ter harvesting and before reaching the and limited incentive to avoid food
retail level, including through on-farm waste.
activities, storage and transportation.

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“As we strive to make progress towards income countries lose significant

reducing food loss and waste, we can amounts of food during storage, often
only be truly effective if our efforts are due to poor storage facilities, including
informed by a solid understanding of refrigerated warehouses.
the problem,” said FAO Director-Gen- Despite the fact that that in most
eral Qu Dongyu in the foreword to the high-income countries adequate stor-
report. He questioned, “how we can al- age facilities, including refrigerated
low food to be thrown away when more warehouses, are available throughout
than 820 million people in the world the supply chain, losses do occur during
continue to go hungry every day”. storage, generally because of a technical
Identifying critical loss points for breakdown, poor management of tem-
targeted action perature, humidity or overstocking.
Evidence presented in the report shows The case studies conducted by FAO for
a considerable potential for reduction of identifying critical loss points, results
loss and waste percentages where per- indicate that harvesting is the most
centages are higher. frequently identified critical loss point
for all types of food. Inadequate storage
Losses a nd waste are generally high- facilities and poor handling practices
er for fruits and vegetables than for ce- were also named among the main caus-
reals and pulses at all stages in the food es of on-farm storage losses. For fruits,
supply chain, with the exception of roots and tubers, packaging and trans-
on-farm losses and those during trans- portation also appear to be critical.
portation in Eastern and South-Eastern
Such findings are valuable in providing
Asia.
guidance when identifying potential in-
In lower-income countries, more fresh terventions for food loss reduction.
fruit and vegetable loss is attributed
to poor infrastructure than in industri-
alized countries. In fact, many lower-

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The report urges countries to step up countries, especially smallholders, may

efforts to tackle the root causes of food not be able to bear the high upfront cost
loss and waste at all stages and provides associated with implementing such
guidance on policy and interventions to actions. Improving credit access could
reduce food loss and waste. be an option even in the absence of de-
Reducing food loss and waste general- tailed information on losses.  
ly entails costs, and  farmers, suppliers The report will also help governments
and consumers will only take necessary to analyse constraints and trade-offs for
measures if their costs are outweighed more efficient interventions.   For ex-
by the benefits. Thus, changing incen- ample, they can raise awareness of the
tives for various stakeholders in the benefits of reducing food loss and waste
supply chain will involve identifying among suppliers and consumers and in-
options that either increase the net fluence their decision-making through
benefits or provide better information various types of actions or policies.
on the existing net benefits, the report
states. However, the report stresses that the
Even when stakeholders are aware policy measures aimed at reducing food
of the benefits of reducing food loss loss and waste should be coherent and
and waste, they  may face constraints involve effective monitoring and evalu-
that prevent them from implementing ation of interventions to assure account-
actions. For example, without finan- ability of existing actions and efforts.  
cial help private actors in developing
Originally published in FAO News release

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NEWS

NEWS

Environment

Unseen phenomenon - Sea found

boiling with Methane.
Coral reefs found dying..!
Scientists have released images
Majority of coral reefs(above 80%) of a methane "fountain" found
are dead(turned white) in the "violently boiling" beneath an
Persian Gulf due to the climate Arctic sea in Siberia. No one has
change says Iran's environment ever recorded anything like this

Charging Infrastructure for

e-vehicles
Inorder to achieve India's electric
vehicle policy by 2030 new guidelines
were released. There must be at least
one charging station in a grid of 3 x 3
km in all megacities and one charging
station every 25 km on both sides of
highways

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Aarey colony - Protest.

8th continent of world
Hundreds of people in Mumbai
had staged protests to show their Scientist discovered 8th continent
disapproval of cutting down of “Greater Adria” hidden under
around 2,700 trees in the Aarey Europe
forests for Mumbai metro rail
development.
Agriculture

Cotton production in India

USDA (United States Department World food day celebrated on 16th
of Agriculture) has projected October with theme 'Our Actions
India's cotton crop at 390 lakh are Our Future'
India bales for 2029-20. It cites It's an annual celebration in the
good monsoon coupled with honour of the founding date of the
higher MSP making fibre crop Food and Agriculture Organization
preferred over others. launched by the United Nations in
India ranks 1st in cotton the year 1945.
production globally.

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Bricks from Agri waste..!

Researchers from the
Indian Institute of
Technology, Hyderabad
have developed bricks
from agricultural waste
which will be helpful in
avoiding air pollution due
to burning of the waste.

Agri startup challenge.

India's Stellapps technologies, Agri startup has emerged
as a top champion in Rabobank’s (Dutch bank) sustainable
agri-food supply chain challenge among 15 entrants from
Asia. Stellapps technologies won for its SmartMoo solution
which involves digitisation of dairy sector.

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AGRICULTURE THROUGH HISTORY

Tipu Sultan - How’s Agriculture in this

Tiger’s command ?

An Indian ruler with a supposed top- (Amildari), were assigned with the
notch status in terms of innovation and task of revenue collection. Tipu’s
scientific temperament is Tipu Sultan order to Revenue collectors were the
of Mysore. He is well celebrated as strong deponent for his emphasis on
premier of state sponsored capitalism the development of poor and needy.
concerned on development of poor ‘To promote the interests of Sircar, the
which later held as economic policy of prosperity of your taluk, increase of its
independent India. Tipu’s perception revenue’ was the instruction of Tipu
over agriculture and land reforms, to amildars. Tipu sultan considered
sericulture and horticulture are known agriculture as life blood of his nation.
from his inscriptions, records and con- He strongly believed that want and
temporary writings. famine is the result of ignorance
A British officer in 1791, remarked and corruption. The 127 regulation
Tipu’s government is well regulated, of revenue code recommends cash
vigorous, more systematic and stron- advances to the needy for buying
ger after his father Hyder Ali. Tipu ploughs and protection of the rights of
sultan was made as Jahgirdar by his the farmers and his descendants. If the
father for his outstanding performance peasant was convicted of certain minor
in the warfare. He controlled Malvalli, misdemeanors they can be commuted
Konanur, Dharmapuri, Pennagaram, from the punishment if he agrees to
Thenkarai kottai. Tipu’s efficient super- plant two mango trees and two almond
intendence made these regions to bur- trees and take care of it until it reaches
geon and helped him to govern revenue three feet of height. Inscriptions of Tipu
affairs of the whole of Mysore state in sultan discovered on the banks of river
later days. Amildars, in charge of taluk cauvery describes “Land (belongs)

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to the Tillers” which is also a famous

slogan of then coming Communists.
Rationality in revenue collection
was followed as Patel (in charge
of village) and other officers paid
taxes like any other cultivators. If
such officers received gratuitous
goods or services from cultivators
, they ceased to be officers along
with confiscation of properties.
Contingency materials like paper,
lamp oil etc were provided by state
for which officials used to extract
money from cultivators. Takkavi
advances were given to farmers for
plough purchase and repaid in one
or two years.
The cultivation of sugarcane and
sandalwood woods were well en-
couraged. Pegu, Muscat, Turkey,
Istanbul had commercial sandal-
wood depots which have huge
overseas market. Monthly report
on conditions of crops and state
of agriculture in general was sent
occasionally. In Tipu’s regime,
NO GOVERNMENT SERVANT
COULD BE A FARMER AND NO
PRIVATE PERSON COULD FARM
OUT MORE THAN ONE VILLAGE.
Thus Farming was a prosperous
profession in Mysore State.

Tipu’s passion on Sericulture and

Horticulture
Tipu Sultan was accredited with
commercialization of sericulture in
Indian subcontinent. He was im-
pressed by the silk cloth presented
to him by an ambassador of the
Qing dynasty, China. This paved a
new era of Indian sericulture. The
fact that Indian states Karnataka and
Tamil Nadu tops in silk production
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following China drew its legacy from Persia and France for his gardens. He
the epoch of Tipu Sultan. He main- also imported pine and oak plants from
tained records about mulberry cultiva- the cape of good hope and others from
tion and silkworm rearing process. He Isle of France, East Africa and the Ca-
established widely distributed centres nary Islands. After the demise of Tipu,
for government regulated silkworm British took over the administration and
breeding and rearing in Mysore state, rebuilt it further. British Poet Edward
then ordered his agent to collect silk- Lear equated Lal Bagh with “Kew of
worms. Even after the disastrous defeat England”.
of Tipu in third Anglo Mysore war, the Tipu’s effort in agriculture reforms, rev-
British were amazed by Tipu’s consis- enue policy, sericulture commercializa-
tency in rebuilding of economy as he es- tion and horticulture passion were the
tablished at least 21 principal breeding strong pillars in building of sound econ-
stations in his dominion, which is men- omy of Mysore. Under his administra-
tioned by a British officer Kirkpatrick in tion, Mysore state was held on par with
an official record. European Cameralism and Mercantil-
Tipu contributed to horticulture can be ism by several historians. Thus, Tipu
witnessed on Lal Bagh and Dariya Dau- Sultan not only succeeded in giving
lat summer palace garden. A 250-year- roadmap for addressing issues in agri-
old mango tree planted by Hyder Ali culture but was also a pioneer in present
stands majestically even today. Tipu’s ‘Make in India’ project evidenced from
ambassador to Mauritius shipped 20 sericulture and warfare rocketry.
caskets of various seeds for planting
in Lal Bagh. Tipu brought some rare
and exotic plants from Afghanistan,

Mohamed Jayalani, graduate of Sericulture and also a graduate of

History by passion. He is interested in Reading Books and Creative
Writing
mohamedjayalanis@gmail.com

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ENVIRONMENT

Colombo Declaration calls for tackling

Global Nitrogen Challenge

Spearheaded by Sri Lanka, United how to harness its power. Pulling nitro-
Nations member states endorsed a gen from the air and fixing it in soil is
proposed roadmap for action on ni- one reason why the human population
trogen challenges called the Colombo has expanded so rapidly,” said Joyce
Declaration on Sustainable Nitrogen Msuya, UNEP deputy executive direc-
Management tor. “Yet its usefulness has come at a
Colombo, 24 October 2019 – At a time terrible cost. Our failure to use nitrogen
when the world grapples with the men- efficiently is polluting the land, air and
ace of air pollution killing 7 million peo- water.”
ple prematurely every year, Sri Lanka, “The evidence is clear in that the air we
with support from the UN Environment breathe, the water we drink, the food we
Programme (UNEP), convened a two- eat, the soil we invade, and the oceans
day event at which member states came regulating global temperature enabling
together to adopt what is being called our bodies to function, are being rapidly
the “Colombo Declaration” with an am- polluted,” said Sri Lanka president Mai-
bition to halve nitrogen waste by 2030. thripala Sirisena in his invitation to the
While a critical element for building high-level political dialogue.
structures of living organisms and an As part of the Declaration, environment
essential element for the survival of all ministers and officials representing the
living things, nitrogen overuse has neg- governments of more than 30 coun-
ative impacts on the planet, biodiversity tries endorsed United Nations plans
and is a contributor to the climate crisis. for a campaign on sustainable nitro-
“Humanity’s very existence depends on gen management called “Nitrogen for
nitrogen. Over time, we have learned Life”, which stems from the Sustainable

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Nitrogen Management Resolution the UNEP and the International Nitro-

which was adopted during the fourth gen Initiative supported by the Global
session of the UN Environment Assem- Environment Facility.
bly held from 11 – 15 March 2019 at the “This is a historic moment for Planet
UNEP headquarters in Nairobi, Kenya. Earth. For the first time governments
“The campaign we have launched here have agreed to work together on a major
today is so crucial. If we are going to quantitative global goal for improved
raise nitrogen up on the agenda then we nitrogen management” said, Prof. Mark
need to sound the alarm loud and clear. Sutton, INMS project director. “The
Once we have grabbed the world’s aspiration to halve nitrogen waste by
attention there is so much that can be 2030 offers a $100 billion opportunity
done. And there are promising signs to mobilize innovation for the nitrogen
that some nations are already starting circular economy, while contributing to
to wake up to the problem,” Msuya environment, health and livelihoods”.
added. The Colombo Declaration calls upon
Member states recognized the urgency UN agencies, other international orga-
of addressing nitrogen management nizations, development partners, phil-
in meeting biodiversity goals, while anthropic agencies, academic and civil
offering huge economic opportunities society organizations to support its im-
in reducing reactive nitrogen that is plementation. It further urges countries
wasted every year, as well as reducing to conduct a comprehensive assessment
eutrophic zones affecting fishing and on nitrogen cycling covering policy, im-
tourism industries. plementation, regulation, and scientific
The Colombo Declaration has been aspects at a national level plus sensitize
developed with the technical support the citizens to understand the natural
of the International Nitrogen Manage- nitrogen cycle and how human impacts
ment System (INMS), a joint activity of alter its balance.

Source : https://www.unenvironment.org

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INTERVIEW

Agri-preneurs need these skills to be successful

says Anil Hanegave, senior Agribusiness trainer

Mr. Anil Hanegave is the nationally acclaimed senior Agribusiness trainer and also
founder of AgriValue solutions based in Pune. He is also an agricultural graduate from
Marathwada Agricultural University, Maharashtra and post graduation from UAS,
Bangalore. He was also awarded Best Learning and Development professional by Agri-
business summit and Agri Awards 2019. M. Ramsundar, Founding Editor of IMoT Agri
Forum interviewed him to bring out his insights on agri-preneurship and skill require-
ments in Agribusiness sector.

Why there is always a gap in agriculture knowledge and entrepreneurship ?

The main reason for the gap is outdated syllabus they learn in college. Agriculture
domain and opportunities have changed a lot but the syllabus of students are not
yet updated. For example, now organic inputs are into market but universities ha-
ven’t included this into subjects. Second, the professors and teaching staff also are
not updated. They are employed on a permanent basis and no outside profession-
als are allowed to train graduates.
At least fifty percent of faculty members should be deployed from industry ex-
perts, agri-preneurs and persons experienced in agribusiness.

What is the reason for your agribusiness development and training company’s
name as AgriValue solutions ?

I have been fascinated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s vision of Doubling

Farmers Income. But it could not be done by Government alone. We have to be
part of this change. Our vision is to upgrade skills of agriculture professionals who

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in turn uplift the livelihood of farmers. For example, High usage of fertilizer and
Pesticides by farmers is due to improper recommendations. They spray 3ml in-
stead of 2ml, so the input usage will increase and cause a burden to Indian econo-
my. There should be some values in agribusiness, like here, by maintaining balance
between inputs and market pricing of end produce.
We aim to train Agri professionals with such necessary value and make them skill-
ful Agripreneur, dealers and distributors as like China.

The Agriculture domain is changing, what new skill or knowledge is necessary

for this new age Agri graduates ?

(Excellent question Ram) Some Students are talented and they know more. But the
sad part is that they couldn’t convert their knowledge into skill.
First, they need to develop Sales and marketing skills. Farmers are unable to sell
their produce at better prices. These graduates should represent farmers in mar-
ket and sell those products. For that, we are offering Agribusiness Management
certification program.
Second, they couldn’t communicate what they think. Agribusiness requires better
communication skills to interact with diverse spectrum of customers and also with
farmers.

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Third, they need to have keen knowledge on changes in Government policy. For
example, new Agricultural Export policy has been revised recently. Government
also amends Start-up policy then and now. So, they should have good knowledge
on changes happening in Government policy and strategies accordingly.

Is there any managerial or executive level job opportunities available in agri-

business sector ? I find most job opportunities are as sales executives or market-
ing representatives only.

No. There is plenty of opportunities available in agribusiness sector. Even private

agribusiness employees are more successful than Government officers in payscale.
I know a regional manager of a well-known agribusiness firm earns nearly 20 lakhs
per annum with just 5 to 6 years of experience.
Person with the right Skill, Courage and talent could grow well in agribusiness
firms. But the problem is that they usually don’t upgrade their skills regularly. We
can help them in that case.

What are the core areas that present day agribusiness entrepreneurs lack ?

They lack the skill of delegation (of work), they are less likely to develop a talent-
ed team. Agriculture business requires business surveys at ground level. But they
don’t do that. Sometimes they don’t have written business plan and travel in flow.
Technical knowledge is different from entrepreneurship skill, they should under-
stand that and develop those skills.

I came to know about ‘Fire walk training’. One of your unique sessions for
motivation, can you explain us ?

(Yeah, great that You have known about this) Fire walk training is nothing but
walking on fire, this is a kind of confidence building exercise. We have done it
in T. stanes and company limited in Coimbatore, Rasi seeds and many other
companies.

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Some companies have the goal of increasing the revenue but there will be fear
factor in employees (to expand). When they were made to walk in fire, it will break
their limiting beliefs and mental blocks. They start believing in themselves. They
visualise their goals as the fire and they get attitude ‘fire is not stopping me, then
what will’.

Finally, your words of wisdom

There are plenty of opportunities in agribusiness sector. Everyone can develop at

least their own district by setting up agribusiness firms there. Government exams
are not the only way for Agri graduates. We have trained four years (of graduation)
for developing agriculture, if not us then who can do it?

Many think that starting a business requires more money, but talent and skills are
prerequisites. Even if they get employed in jobs due to financial compulsion, they
could work for a few years, gain experience and start a business.

There are many opportunities for Agri graduates to get professional help. One
cannot expect professional help from our personal relations. They’re trainers and
experienced professionals like us in helping you out. Consider me as your mentor
and reach out for help.

Contact
Mr. Anil Hanegave
7558714411
anil@agrivalue.in
anil@agrivalue.in
www.agrivalue.in

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AGRI POLITICS

Hike in MSP for Rabi crops and It’s Impacts

The cabinet committee on economic help to maintain an adequate supply of

affairs chaired by prime minister Na- food commodities in the market. When
rendra Modi recently increased the the supply is low demand will be high,
Minimum support price of Rabi crops thus the price of the commodity will
(winter crops), based on the recommen- also be high. When the rate of import
dation of the commission on agricultur- overcomes the rate of export the eco-
al costs and prices (CACP) for the year nomic balance of the country will wors-
2020-2021. This proactive step by the en - Value of Rupee in global market
Government of India have great effects will decrease and there by most threat-
on Indian economy as well as in farm- ening phase depreciation can occur.
ing community. Thus MSP have great role in balancing
our country’s economy as a whole.
MSP and its relevance
Every year Government of India an- How MSP is fixed?
nounces Minimum Support Price for There are generally three ways to calcu-
the crops just before sowing season. Till late MSP . They are A2 method ,A 2+ FL
now 23 crops are receiving the benefits method and C2 method (CACP).
of minimum support price. The agenda A2 method is based on the expenditure
behind the MSP is to ensure minimum on various inputs paid by the farmers
profit to farmers since they are the most like seeds, fertilizers, pesticides etc.
vulnerable and weakest group in the while A2+FL method covers the ex-
economy. It can prevent the distress penditure on various inputs paid by
sale of agricultural commodities by the farmers and also the implied cost
farmers (Many times farmers won’t of family labour and MSP is fixed at
even get the minimum revenue, so 1.5 times the cost of production based
minimum revenue is assured through on this approach. The C2 method is
Minimum support price). And this will much more elaborative and it Includes
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 THE AGRARIA e - Magazine
Nov - 2019

the implied cost of rent of the land, created by opposite political parties.
other implied cost and those included But the irony is that the disagreement
in the A2+FL method. The current hike of government to follow Swaminathan
in Rabi crops is based on the A2+FL committee recommended C2 approach
approach, but the Swaminathan com- despite of its benefits than present A2
mittee recommended C2 approach for + L approach. Another drawback in-
fixing MSP. cludes the poor coverage in terms of
Will the current hike benefit the agricultural commodities. This present
hike can only benefit large farmers
farmers ?
alone poor and marginal farmers cannot
MSP is the rate at which the government enjoy the benefits of MSP. So the future
buys food commodities from farmers. of present hike as well as it’s impact
It’s a kind of promise and inspiration cannot be predicted and it’s a matter of
to the farming sector . The recent hike time. Agriculture and fuel are two im-
will definitely help the government to portant factors in deciding the general
build a good relationship with the farm- inflation in Indian economy. And as I
ing community (covering nearly 60 % told above MSP is very much related to
of the population) . And it will regain inflation of food commodities. Thus this
the prestige of the government that is not a matter of agrarians alone but the
was lost during recent farmer protests future of every citizen as well.
happened in many parts of country,
which they claimed was sensational and

Shilpa Panginikkode is pursuing B.Sc degree in Agriculture from TNAU

and aspires to be a scientist, wishing to do her post graduation in Plant
pathology. She supports any science invention for human welfare. Her interests
are Reading novels, writing poems,articles,stories, debating, elocution , dancing
and drawing.
ushavenugopalan97@gmail.com

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 THE AGRARIA e - Magazine
Nov - 2019

INNOVATIONS

Green Crackers - Are We Ready For It ?

by the Supreme Court for its harmful

Who are PVTGs? effect on the environment and human
With Diwali season round the cor- health. Green crackers reduce 30% par-
ner, the mouth watering sweets, new ticulate matter pollution and produce
clothes, visiting our native town, less solid waste compared to these
meeting friends and family makes it crackers
so memorable. How can we forget Green Crackers in Market
bursting crackers when it comes to
Diwali ? We must have surely thought
about the pollution caused by crack-
ers when we burst it. So what can be
the solution for this problem, banning
the crackers? Are we ready for taking
such drastic decision? That is hence
Green crackers come into picture.
Green crackers are the one which are
produced with less harmful raw mate- CSIR – National Environmental Engi-
rials and have additives which reduce neering Research Institute (NEERI) has
emissions by suppressing dust. They provided formula for manufacturing
release water vapour when burnt thus green crackers. Then the Petroleum and
arresting the dust particles to rise. Explosives Safety Organization (PESO)
How is it different from Tradi- provides license to manufacturer for
tional Crackers? producing green crackers. Safe Water
The most important component in Tra- Releaser (SWAS), Safe Thermite Crack-
ditional Crackers is Barium nitrate. It er (STAR), Safe Minimal Aluminium
gives glittering effects to the crackers. (SAFAL) are the crackers released by
This component was recently banned NEERI.

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 THE AGRARIA e - Magazine
Nov - 2019
Currently there are only few manufactur- The effects of climate change are being vis-
ers who have got license to produce green ible and people around the globe are tak-
crackers, it is because of the year long pro- ing several measures to tackle it, one such
cess to test and approve the models. So they effort is the green crackers. We can balance
have not made deep inroads into markets. It our age old tradition while safeguarding
will be a tough time for the manufacturers our environment. Though there are some
to implement the Supreme Court’s order roadblocks among the manufacturers and
on green crackers this year and on the other consumers regarding its production and us-
side several production units have shut- age, in due time Green crackers will surely
down due to licensing issue causing distress dominate the market.
among the labour force involved in this.

Nivendran.S, graduate in B.tech Horticulture from Tamil Nadu

Agricultural University, civil service aspirant , Yoga Teacher.

nivendran.s@gmail.com

Our Team
Editor in Chief : Ramsundar M
Executive Editor : Sathes Kumar K
Editorial Team : Ashwin Kumar B
Design: Naveen S
Proof Reading : Karthi Shanmugan
Public Outreach : Chandini S
Cover Photo : Manivannan D

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 THE AGRARIA e - Magazine
Nov - 2019

வே ளா ண ்மை

வேளாண்மையில் உரங்கள் ஏன் ? எதற்கு ? எப்படி?

பகுதி-5

உங்களுக்கு எந்த குழந்தை பிடிக்கும்? - துறுதுறு குழந்தையை அவ்வப்போது அடக்கி

வைக்க வேண்டும். அப்போதுதான் ஒழுங்காகப்
ப�ொதுவாக குழந்தைகளின் செயல்பாட்டுத்
பள்ளிக்குப் ப�ோகும். நன்றாகப் படிக்கும்.
திறனைப் ப�ொறுத்து மூன்று வகைப்படுத்தலாம்.
- ச�ோம்பல் குழந்தைக்கு தாயின் கவனிப்பு அடி-
1. துறுதுறு குழந்தை: க்கடி வேண்டும். இல்லையேல், சட்டியிலே ச�ோறு
இது, ர�ொம்பத் துடிதுடிப்பானது. ச�ொன்ன இருந்தால் கூட பட்டியினியிலேயே கிடக்கும்.
வேலையைச் செய்யும். அதற்கு மேலும் கூட
செய்யும். வெட்டிக் க�ொண்டு வா என்றால்; - சமத்து குழந்தையால் பெற்றோருக்கு பிர-
வெட்டிக் கட்டிக் க�ொண்டு வந்து சேர்க்கும். அதே ச்சனை குறைவு. தன் பசியறிந்து தானே ப�ோட்டுச்
சமயத்தில் எங்காவது ஓடி முட்டி ம�ோதி கை சாப்பிடும், வீட்டுக்கும் காவலாக இருக்கும்.
கால்களை முறித்துக் க�ொண்டும் வரலாம். - தழைச்சத்து துறுதுறு குழந்தையைப் ப�ோன்றது.
இட்ட உரம் உடனே பயிருக்கு கிடைக்கிறது.
2. ச�ோம்பல் குழந்தை: இதனால் 2-3 நாட்களிலேயே பயிர் பச்சைக்
இது துறுதுறுக் குழந்தைக்கு எதிர்மாறானது. அமர கட்டி வளர ஆரம்பிக்கின்றது. அதே சமயத்தில்
வைத்த இடத்திலயே இருக்கும். அடுப்படியில் தழைச்சத்தை வரம்பு மீறி உபய�ோகித்தால் பின்
ச�ோறு இருந்தாலும் கூட அம்மா வந்து ச�ோறு விளைவுகள் பிரச்சனையாகிவிடும். பூச்சியும் ந�ோயும்
ப�ோட்டால் தான் சாப்பிடும். பக்கத்துக்கு வீட்டுப் பெருகும்; வயது கூடும். பயிர் சாயும்.
பிள்ளைகளை வம்புக்கு இழுத்து சண்டையும்
ப�ோடாது. வீட்டுக்கு உதவியும் இல்லை. உப- - தழைச்சத்தை மண் இம்மிகளுக்கு பிடித்து
த்திரமும் இல்லை. வைத்துக் க�ொள்ளும் ஆற்றல் குறைவு. இதனால்,
பயிர் வளரும் காலத்தில் க�ொஞ்சம் க�ொஞ்சமாக,
3. சமத்துக் குழந்தை: அடிக்கடி க�ொடுக்க வேண்டியுள்ளது. மெல்ல
இது, துறுதுறு குழந்தையைப் மெல்ல பயிருக்கு கிடைக்குமாறு மண்ணில�ோ,
ப�ோலவும் இல்லாமல் ச�ோம்பல் குழந்தையைப் வேப்பம் புண்ணாக்கில�ோ ப�ொதிந்து வைக்க
ப�ோலவும் இல்லாமல் நடுத்தரமான செயல்பா- வேண்டியுள்ளது.
டு உடையது. இக்குழந்தை ஓடி ஆடித்திரியாது. - மணிச்சத்து ச�ோம்பல் குழந்தையைப் ப�ோன்றது.
அதே சமயத்தில் பசிக்கும் ப�ோது அடுப்படிக்கும் பயிருக்கு உடனே கிடைப்பதில்லை. மண் இம்மிக-
நகர்ந்து சென்று சாப்பிட்டு விடும். ள் இதனைச் சிறைப்பிடிக்கின்றன. மிக மெதுவாக

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பயிருக்கு கிடைக்கின்றது. இதனால் பயிர்கள் எடு- - இதில், சி.ஏ.என்-இல் தழைச்சத்து பாதி அம்மோ-
த்துக் க�ொள்ள முடியாமல் தவிக்கின்றன. னியா வடிவிலும், மீதி நைட்ரேட் வடிவிலும்
உள்ளது.
ஆகவே மணிச்சத்து பயிருக்கு எளிதில் கிடை-
த்திட என்னென்ன வழிமுறைகளை மேற்கொள்ள - மணிச்சத்து உரங்களில் உள்ள சத்துக்களின்
வேண்டும் என்பதைக் கீழே காண்போம். மூலக்கூறுகள் கெட்டியாகப் ப�ொதிந்துள்ளன.
- டி.ஏ.பி, 20:20 ப�ோன்ற அம�ோபாஸ் உர- அவை விடுவிக்கப்பட்டால் பயிருக்கு கிடைக்கும்.
ங்களையே இட வேண்டும். அவற்றில் உள்ள இவை இயற்கை (ஆர்கானிக்) அமிலங்களிலும்,
மணிச்சத்து முழுமையும் நீரில் கரையும் வடிவ- நீரிலும் கரைந்து பயிருக்கு க�ொஞ்சம் க�ொஞ்சமா-
த்திலேயே இருக்கிறது. இதனால் பயிர் எளிதில் கவே கிடைக்கின்றன.
எடுத்துக் க�ொள்ளும்.
- மண்ணிலிருக்கும் மணிச்சத்தைக் கரைப்பிக்க
பாஸ்போ பாக்டீரியா எனும் உயிர் உரத்தினை
இட வேண்டும்.
- பயிர் பூக்கும் தருணத்தில் மணிச்சத்து பற்றா-
க்குறையைச் சரிக்கட்ட இலை வழியாக டி.ஏ.பி
தெளிக்க வேண்டும்.
- சாம்பல் சத்து சமத்துக் குழந்தையைப் ப�ோன்றது.
சாம்பல் சத்தை மண் இம்மிகள் ஓரளவுக்கு பிடித்து
வைத்துக் க�ொள்கின்றன. பயிரின் தேவைக்கேற்ப
அது மண்ணிலிருந்து ரிலீஸ் ஆகவும் செய்கின்றது.
- ப�ொதுவாகப் பயிர் வளர்ச்சிக்கு, சத்துக்களி-
ன் செயல்பாட்டைப் ப�ொறுத்தவரை, சமத்துக்
குழந்தையைப் ப�ோல, அதாவது சம்பல் சத்தைப்
ப�ோல இருக்க வேண்டும். மண்ணிலே ப�ொதிந்து
க�ொள்ளவும் வேண்டும். தேவைக்கேற்ப ரிலீஸ்
ஆகவும் வேண்டும். இதிலே விரயமும் குறைவு.
விளைச்சலும் உறுதி.
எந்த வடிவத்தில்? எந்த வகையில் பயிர்கள் எடு-
எந்தெந்த சத்து? என்னென்ன வடிவம்?
த்துக் க�ொள்கின்றன?
என்னென்ன உரம்?
தழைச்சத்து உரங்களைப் ப�ொறுத்தவரை 3 1. தழைச்சத்தைப் ப�ொறுத்தவரை:
வடிவங்களில் உள்ளன. - யூரியாவில் அமைடு வடிவத்திலேயே தழை-
ச்சத்து உள்ளது. ஆனால் அமைடு வடிவத்தில்
எந்த பயிருமே சத்தினை எடுத்துக்கொள்வதில்லை.
மண்ணில் இடப்பட்ட யூரியாவை, தகுந்த ஈரத்தில்
மண்ணிலுள்ள பாக்டீரியாக்கள், சிதைந்து செய-
ல்பாடுகளைப் புரிந்து, அம�ோனியாவாக மாற்றுகி-
ன்றன. அம�ோனியாவாக மாறிய பின்னரே பயிர்கள்
எடுத்துக் க�ொள்கின்றன. சாதாரனமாக இதற்கு 36
முதல் 48 மணி நேரம் தேவைப்படுகிறது.
- நீருக்குள் நின்று விளையும் நெற்பயிரானது,
தழைச்சத்தை அம�ோனியா வடிவிலேயே எடுத்துக்
க�ொள்கிறது. எல்லா வகையான இளம் பயிர்க-
ளும் அம�ோனியா வடிவத்தில்தான் எடுத்துக் க�ொ-
ள்கின்றன. மற்ற த�ோட்டக்கால் பயிர்களும் கூட
ஓரளவுக்கு அம�ோனியா வடிவத்தில்தான் எடுத்துக்
க�ொள்கின்றன.
- அம�ோனியா வடிவத்தில் உள்ள தழைச்ச-
த்தை மண் இம்மிகள் எளிதில் ஈர்த்துக் க�ொ-
ள்கின்றன. இதனால் வடிகால் நீரில் கரைந்து
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வெளியேறுவதில்லை; வீணாவதில்லை அதே - ராக் பாஸ்பேட்டில் உள்ள மணிச்சத்தை கரை-

சமயத்தில் பயிருக்கு தேவைப்படும்போது பயிரின் ப்பிக்க, இதனுடன் கந்தக அமிலத்தையும் கலந்து
வேர்களுக்கு உடனே க�ொடுக்கிறது. அரைத்து மாவாக்கி விற்கப்படுகிறது. இதுவே
- அம�ோனியா வடிவத்தில் உள்ள தழைச்சத்தை சூப்பர் பாஸ்பேட் (16% P) என்ற பெயரில் மா-
மண்ணிலுள்ள பாக்டீரியாக்கள் மேலும் சிதைத்து ர்க்கெட்டில் கிடைக்கிறது. இதிலுள்ள மணிச்சத்தில்
நைட்ரேட் வடிவத்துக்கு மாற்றுகின்றன. க�ொஞ்சம் பாதி அமிலத்தில் கரைவதாகவும், மீதி நீரில் கரை-
க�ொஞ்சமாக நீர்பாய்ச்சி விளைவிக்கப்படும் பருத்தி, வதாகவும் உள்ளது. இது நிலமக்கு (Organic
மிளகாய், கத்திரி, வெங்காயம் ப�ோன்ற த�ோட்ட- matter)/சுயவளம் நிரம்பிய நிலத்திற்கு ஏற்றது.
க்கால் பயிர்கள் நைட்ரேட் வடிவத்தில் உள்ள - 20:20, 16:20, டிஏபி ஆகிய 3 உரங்களும்
தழைச்சத்தையே விரும்பி எடுத்துக் க�ொள்கின்றன. அம�ோபாஸ் உரங்கள் என்றழைக்கப்படுகின்றன.
இதனால் பயிர் உடனடியாக பச்சைக் கட்டுகிறது. அம�ோபாஸ் உரங்கள் தழைச்சத்து அம�ோனியா
- நைட்ரேட் வடிவத்தில் ஒரு முக்கியமான குறை- வடிவிலும், மணிச்சத்து நீரில் கரைந்து பயிரு-
பாடும் உள்ளது. இவ்வடிவத்தில் மண் இம்மி- க்கு உடனடியாகக் கிடைக்கும் வடிவத்திலும்
கள் சரியாகப் பிடித்து வைக்க முடியவில்லை. உள்ளது. இவை சுயவளம் குறைந்த சாதாரண
இதனால் எளிதில் கரைந்து வேர் மண்டலத்திற்கு நிலங்களுக்கும் களர்-உவர் நிலங்களுக்கு-
கீழாகப் ப�ோய்விடும் (அ) பெருமழைக் காலத்தில் ம் ஏற்றவை. இன்னும் சுருங்கச் ச�ொன்னால்,
நீருடன் கரைந்து வடிகால் நீருடன் வெளியேறி- அம�ோபாஸ் உரங்கள் அமில நிலங்களுக்கும்
விடும். ஆகவே, நைட்ரேட் வடிவத்தில் உரமிடும் ஏற்றவை; கார நிலங்களுக்கும் ஏற்றவை; மா-
ப�ோது அடிக்கடி க�ொஞ்சம் க�ொஞ்சமாகத் தான் னாவாரிக்கும் ஏற்றவை; மழைப் ப�ொழிவு மிகுந்த
இடவேண்டும். ப�ொதுவாக எல்லா தழைச்சத்து இடங்களுக்கும் ஏற்றவை; எல்லாவகைப் பயிர்க-
உரங்களையுமே கையாளும் ப�ோது அடிக்கடி ளுக்குமே ஏற்றவை.
க�ொஞ்சமாக இடுவதாலும், வேப்பம் புண்ணாக்கு - ப�ொதுவாக மணிச்சத்து உரங்கள் மெதுவாகவே
(அ) தார்க் கலவையுடன் பிசைந்து இடுவதாலும் கரைகின்றன. இவற்றிலும் பயிர் எடுத்துச் சாப்பி-
விரயமாகாமல் தடுக்கலாம். ட்டது ப�ோக எஞ்சியவை மண் இம்மிகளுக்குள்
ப�ொதிந்து க�ொள்கின்றன. காற்றாலும் மழை-
மணிச்சத்தைப் ப�ொறுத்தவரை:
யாலும் வீணாவது மிக மிக குறைவு. அவற்றைக்
- ராக் பாஸ்பேட்டானது அமிலத்தில் மட்டுமே கரைத்து பயிருக்கு எளிதில் கிடைக்கச் செய்திடவே
கரையும் தன்மை உடையது. இதனால், உடன- தற்போது பாஸ்போ பாக்டீரியாக்கள் பயன்படு-
டியாகக் கரைந்து பயிருக்கு கிடைப்பதில்லை. த்தப்படுகின்றன.
ஆகவே, அமில நிலங்களாக உள்ள மலைப் பகுதி-
- அதாவது, தழைச்சத்து வீணாகி விடாமல் நி-
களில் மற்றும் பெருமளவு மழைப்பொழியும் வனப்
லைநிறுத்தப்பட வேண்டும். மணிச்சத்து எளிதில்
பகுதிகளில் பல்லாண்டுப் பயிரான மரப்பயிர்களு-
கரைப்பிக்கப்பட வேண்டும். இதற்கான த�ொழில்
க்கு இடலாம்.
நுணுக்கங்களை விவசாயிகள் நன்றாகத் தெரிந்து
க�ொள்ள வேண்டும்.
த�ொடரும்...

முனைவர். ச.பாபு, இணைப் பேராசிரியர், உழவியல் துறை, வேளாண் புலம்,

அண்ணாமலைப் பல்கலைக்கழகம், சிதம்பரம்.

agribabu74@gmail.com

மு.ஜெயராஜ்., உதவிப் பேராசிரியர் (உழவியல் துறை), த�ொன் ப�ோஸ்கோ வேளாண்மைக்

கல்லூரி, சகாயத்தோட்டம், வேலூர் மாவட்டம்.

jayarajm96@gmail.com

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 THE AGRARIA e - Magazine
Nov - 2019

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qb5ihBsrQ1M

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qnTHOsMPyx4

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kioh6dzKKzU

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cR0clwJzZEU

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 THE AGRARIA e - Magazine
Nov - 2019

From the Agraria Team

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