REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES (Revised 2)

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
According to Heraclitus, “The only constant in life is change.” People face changes
every day – whether it is a simple change in the weather, their schedule or expected change
of seasons. Change affects everyone and each has to deal with change differently. This only
constant in life, the only thing people can be sure will happen.
However, an unprecedented event happened that affected and changed the whole
world. Covid-19 is a peculiar change that the people had bore witness to represent a
significant period in their lives. At most, the changes have been technological in their
nature. With most of the world in lockdown due to the pandemic, people are working from
home, students are learning from home in an online setup, and parents are picking up the
slack from teachers and supporting their children. This extraordinary event has changed
the world and has brought it into a new era - the time of online learning for all people.
In this generation, the term Information and Communication Technology had been
commonly used due to the rise of modernizations in technology as a means of
communication and convenience in everyone’s daily life. The term ICT basically means any
technology that has to do with information and communication. Information can come in
many forms such as sound, video, text, and images, so when a person thinks of what
technology it is available that produces these characteristics of information and sometimes

a combination of all these, people refer to such technology as mobile phones, digital
cameras, video cameras for example.
Today, information and communication technologies are the one thing and so the
range of technologies expands further to incorporate computers and computer-related
products, email, MMS, and other forms of communication (Kaku, 2011).
These days, people do not need to go any further than their own homes or even
rooms, to realize some form of ICT in their lives. Whether it be a computer, plasma TV, or
mobile phone, everyone has them in some part of their lives. In today’s society, people as
consumers of ICT, all strive for the one dream – the dream of a connected life.
This makes ICT a lifestyle choice for much of the population. In addition, this
lifestyle choice is changing the way people communicate, increasing the rate of
consumerism, and changing how people interact and gather information (Carr, 2014).
Schmidt (2013) ICT has invaded and transformed many aspects of people’s lives to
the level that people live in a setting that is subjugated by technology which itself is
consumer-driven. No matter how people notice its presence, there is no repudiating that
technology is an important part of their lives and that it is here to stay.

According to the ICTE Solutions, Australia (2020), there are key issues to remember
in relation to the importance of ICT in education which are the following:
1. E-learning or Online Learning: The presence of ICT in education allows for new
ways of learning for students and teachers. E-learning or online learning is
becoming increasingly popular and with various unprecedented events taking place
in our lives, this does not only open opportunities for schools to ensure that
students have access to curriculum materials whilst in the classroom but also allows
them to ensure students outside the classroom such as at home or even in hospitals
can learn.
2. ICT brings inclusion: The benefits of ICT in education is of such that students in the
classroom can all learn from the curriculum material. Students with special needs
are no longer at a disadvantage as they have access to essential material and special
ICT tools can be used by students to make use of ICT for their own educational
needs. Despite this, it opens up new issues related to the 'digital divide' and
providing access to ICT tools and resources for those who are less fortunate.
3. ICT promotes higher-order thinking skills: One of the key skills for the 21st
century which includes evaluating, planning, monitoring, and reflecting to name a
few. The effective use of ICT in education demands skills such as explaining and
justifying the use of ICT in producing solutions to problems. Students need to
discuss, test, and conjecture the various strategies that they will use.
4. ICT enhances subject learning: It is well known these days that the use of ICT in
education adds a lot of value to key learning areas like literacy and numeracy.
5. ICT use develops ICT literacy and ICT Capability: Both are 21st-century skills
that are best developed whilst ICT remains transparent in the background of subject
learning. The best way to develop ICT capability is to provide them with meaningful
activities, embedded in purposeful subject-related contexts.
6. ICT use encourages collaboration: You just have to put a laptop, iPad or computer
in the classroom to understand how this works. ICT naturally brings children
together where they can talk and discuss what they are doing for their work and this
in turn, opens up avenues for communication thus leading to language development.
7. ICT use motivates learning: Society's demands for new technology has not left out
children and their needs. Children are fascinated with technology and it encourages
and motivates them to learn in the classroom.
8. ICT in education improves engagement and knowledge retention: When ICT is
integrated into lessons, students become more engaged in their work. This is
because technology provides different opportunities to make it more fun and
enjoyable in terms of teaching the same things in different ways. As a consequence
of this increased engagement, it is said that they will be able to retain knowledge
more effectively and efficiently.
9. ICT use allows for effective Differentiation Instruction with technology: People
all learn differently at different rates and styles and technology provide
opportunities for this to occur.

10. ICT integration is a key part of the national curriculum: The integration of
digital technologies or ICT is a significant part of the Philippine Curriculum for
example, and this is a trend that many global governments are taking up as they
begin to see the significance of ICT in education.
11. People live in a “knowledge economy": This is an economy where it is vital to
have the ability to produce and use information effectively. It is a time when ICT is
pervasive and permeates throughout all industries in the economy whether it may
be health, education, environment or manufacturing. The significance of ICT in the
Australian economy was emphasized in the recent article by Alan Patterson, CEO of
the Australian Computer Society, in his statement that the “ICT industry now rivals
mining in terms of the contribution to the economy.”
ICTs will endure to be a noteworthy part of the world’s future as it connects itself to
more and more parts of people’s lives. It will incessantly evolve and change because as
consumers, all people like a choice. People like to use ICT for personal growth, creativity,
and joy, consumption, and wealth (Isaacson, 2011).
ICTE Solution, Australia (2020) further said that it is important for students to
engage with ICT so that:
1. Learn 21st-century skills and develop their ICT capability and ICT literacy.
2. Improves their attainment levels.
3. Prepares them for an integrated society dominated by ICT developments.

4. So that they learn the notion of using ICT as a tool for lifelong learning.
If students put a lot of thought into their planning, they will notice a higher degree of
engagement and this can lead to the development of 21st-century skills such as complex
thinking, creative problem-solving, and collaboration. Technology incorporation in the
classroom is an instructional choice by the student, the teacher, and should always involve
collaboration and deliberate planning.

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REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

commonly used due to the rise of modernizations in technology as a means of

technology it is available that produces these characteristics of information and sometimes

cameras, video cameras for example.

range of technologies expands further to incorporate computers and computer-related

products, email, MMS, and other forms of communication (Kaku, 2011).

technology is an important part of their lives and that it is here to stay.

in relation to the importance of ICT in education which are the following:

ways of learning for students and teachers. E-learning or online learning is

century which includes evaluating, planning, monitoring, and reflecting to name a

justifying the use of ICT in producing solutions to problems. Students need to

activities, embedded in purposeful subject-related contexts.

in turn, opens up avenues for communication thus leading to language development.

and motivates them to learn in the classroom.

8. ICT in education improves engagement and knowledge retention: When ICT is

because technology provides different opportunities to make it more fun and

enjoyable in terms of teaching the same things in different ways. As a consequence

more effectively and efficiently.

opportunities for this to occur.

digital technologies or ICT is a significant part of the Philippine Curriculum for

begin to see the significance of ICT in education.

11. People live in a “knowledge economy": This is an economy where it is vital to

be health, education, environment or manufacturing. The significance of ICT in the

mining in terms of the contribution to the economy.”

and joy, consumption, and wealth (Isaacson, 2011).

engage with ICT so that:

2. Improves their attainment levels.

3. Prepares them for an integrated society dominated by ICT developments.

thinking, creative problem-solving, and collaboration. Technology incorporation in the

collaboration and deliberate planning.

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