Flow Rate Report

Abstract:
in this experiment we will be known on the difference apparatuses for measuring the flow
rate of the fluids, and the principle of operation and the reading of information from the
devices and making the calculations are important for knowing the flow rate and losses
head.
To occupies this will take three apparatuses :
 Venturi meter.
 Orifice plate.
 Variable area meter.
Objectives:
1. Determine flow rate using venture, orifice plate, variable area meter.
2. Compare each device flow rate with actual flow rate.
3. Determine the head loss of each device.
Introduction:
The flow measuring apparatus is used to familiarize the students with typical methods of
flow measurement of an incompressible fluid and, at the same time demonstrate
applications of the Bernoulli's equation.
Water flow measuring apparatus is designed as a free-standing apparatus for use on the
hydraulics bench, although it could be used in conjunction with a low pressure water supply
controlled by a valve and a discharge to drain. Water enters the apparatus through the
lower left-hand end and flows horizontally through a sudden enlargement into a transparent
venturi meter, and into an orifice plate, a 90° elbow changes the flow direction to vertical
and connects to a variable area flow meter, a second bend passes the flow into a discharge
pipe which incorporates an atmospheric break.
The static head at various points in the flow path may be measured on a manometer panel.
The water flow through the apparatus is controlled by the delivery valve of the hydraulics
bench and the flow rate may be confirmed by using the volumetric measuring tank of the
hydraulics bench.
Theory :
The actual flow rate:
We can calculate the flow rate from the relationship:
Flow rate (Q) = volumetime
Or
Q = AV (m/S3)
The variable area meter:
Its value appears in the device itself, so we don't need to calculation.
From consideration of continuity between the mouth of the venturi of area A1 and the
throat of area A2:
Q = A1V1 = A2V2
The orifice meter :
The orifice flow meter consists of a 20mm bore tube with an orifice of 12mm. The
downstream bore of the orifice is chamfered at 40° to provide an effective orifice plate
thickness of 0.35mm. Manometer tappings are positioned 20mm before the orifice and
10mm after the orifice plate.
Methodology:
apparatuses:
 The items we used:
1. Variable area meter
2. Hydraulics bench.
3. Tank of water.
4. Pump.
5. Stop switch.
Procedures:
1. Position the water flow measuring apparatus on the horizontal operating surface of the
hydraulics bench using the locating pegs on the top surface of the bench. Connect the
delivery hose from the bench to the inlet connection of the water flow measuring apparatus.
Insert the overflow hose from the inlet tank into the overflow pipe of the volumetric
measuring tank.
2. Prepare the instruments such that the water passes sudden enlargement, then venturi
meter, elbow, variable area meter and finally orifice plate.
3. With the flow regulating valve of the bench closed, switch on the bench pump and allow
water to be pumped into the apparatus by controlling the opening of the flow regulating
valve until water just begins to flow into the equipment and just overflows through the air
vent. Ensure that there are no air bubbles trapped in the manometer tubes, if necessary
open the supply valve until water spills out of the top of the manometer tubes so that the
water flushes out all air bubbles.
4. Measure the time taken for the water level in the tank to reach to a certain level and then
calculate the flow rate.
5. Take the reading of manometer difference to calculate the head losses.
6. Repeat this process by changing the discharge by slowly opening the valve to read another
results.
7. Repeat the procedure No.6 to taken three readings.
Results:
 Actual discharge:
Qactual = volumetime
 Head losses:
 Head loss in venturi meter: h1 – h3
 Head loss in orifice plate: h6 – h8
 Head loss in variable area meter: h4 – h5
Qvari h8 h7 h6 h5 h4 h3 h2 h1 Time Volu No

able me
mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm sec
(Lit (Lit)
/sec)
5 118 120 125 121 170 175 166 184 28.69 5.53 1
10 145 134 165 1161 196 227 199 246 18.19 9.52 2
15 170 149 215 209 271 229 214 325 11.72 14.75 3
Discussion:
 During manometer reading, nota that venturi device causes decreasing in pressure
head in pipe, such causes increasing in velocity head that represent Bernoulli
equation.
 All devices cause difference in the pressure head that result flow rate in pipe.
 All devices cause losses in energy and is low in venturi and then orifice, then
variable.
Conclusion and recommendations:

 In the conclusion, in this lab we learned how measure the flow rate with difference
devices flow rate meters, and how calculate the head losses, validity of the Bernoulli
and continuity theories.
 Flow rate measuring is very important in faculties and distribution systems of water.
References:
- lab sheet.
- Fluids of Mechanics.
SANA’A UNIVERSITY
FACULY OF ENGINEERING
Mechatronics Department
Second Year – Morning System
Fluid mechanics
Lab. Report.
(characteristics of difference of type of flow meters )
Instructor
Eng. Hossam
Done by
Dheia Ahmed Alkubary
A.c.no. (313)

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Abstract:

To occupies this will take three apparatuses :

2. Compare each device flow rate with actual flow rate.

3. Determine the head loss of each device.

Flow rate (Q) = volumetime

The variable area meter:

Its value appears in the device itself, so we don't need to calculation.

The orifice meter :

1. Variable area meter

5. Take the reading of manometer difference to calculate the head losses.

7. Repeat the procedure No.6 to taken three readings.

Qvari h8 h7 h6 h5 h4 h3 h2 h1 Time Volu No

Conclusion and recommendations:

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