Wireless World 1982 10

OCTOBER 1982 80p
lectronic
compass
Satellite
dish
antennas
Australia AS 2.70
Canada CS 3.25
Denmark DKR. 33.25
Germany DM. 7.00
Gree:e DRA. 190.00
Holland DFL. 8.50
Modular preamplifier
l-aty L 3700
New Zealand NZS 3.00
Norway NKR. 26.00
Singapore MS 5.50
Spain PTS 275.00
Switzerland FR. 7.00
L'.S.A. S 3.75
Wireless World, October 1982
Autostore.
Low-cost voice -logging for
people with more important things
The prat lem: logging telephone and radio messages RELIABILITY
without sg ending a fortune on equipment or hiring an Ava !able in 4 or 3 channel versions, and with
expensive technician to operate it. integral micro -processor controlled automatic
The solution: the new Racal Recorders Autostore. Timesearch capability to enable rapid message
SIMPLICITY retrieval, Autostore is engineered to the very highest
With its automatic cassette -loading and fully standards by the companywf ch pioneered air traffic
I
automatic changeoverfrom one deck to another-, control recording techniques.

-
Autostore can -quite literally be operated by FULL DETAILS
whoever happens to be around. For full details of Autostore send off the
And it provides over 24 hours of unattended coupon today.
continuous recording on eight channels.
VERSATILITY
am interested in recording my communications
rl
Able to log radio and telephone messages accaratelyand -eliably. Please:

simultaneously, Autostore can form part of a new
system-or fit just as easily into an existing one. send me full Details of Autostore
Ard its uses vary from ambulance, fire, police
and secu -ity applications to the recording of arrange for a` demonstration at my own premises
financial'ransactions, conferences, oil installation
commun cations and taxi services. Na
Position
Racal Recorders
Racal Recorders Limited, Hardley Industrial Estate,
Company
Address
Hythe, Southampton, Hampshire SO4 6ZH, England.
Tel
Tel: (0703) 843265 Telex: 47600
Racal Recorders Limited, Hardley Industrial Estate,
L Hythe, Southampton, Hampshire SO4 6ZH, England. ww
WW -009 FOR FURTHER DETAILS

ELECTRONICS
BROADCASTING
vvireless COMMUNICATIONS
COMPUTING
AUDIO
OCTOBER 1982 world VIDEO
Vol 88 No 1561
VISION OF THE FUTURE
MODULAR PREAMPLIFIER
THE ETHER - AN ASSESSMENT

Front cover is John Linsley Hood's
new preamplifier, shown on the
power amplifier featured in June, COMMUNICATIONS
July and August: Photograph by
Alan McFaden and Alan Kerr.
NEXT MONTH CIRCUIT IDEAS

Twc-metre transceiver. Six -mode
design with microprocessor
control for mobile use. Nine -b
FAULT-FINDING IN MICRO -BASED SYSTEMS
freq.iency memories are
committed by push buttons. uv
Robin Howes explores the theme
that many thoughtful people in
responsible positions are ELECTRONIC COMPASS
concerned about the way
industrial societies are going in a
two part article on engineers and
social responsibility. INTRODUCTION TO V.D.Us
instead of trying to ignore Planck's
quantum hypothesis suppose we
afford it more than lip service;
what then? Dr Murray continues
Heretics Guide to Physics by 50, AUDIO OSCILLATOR WITH TONE -BURST
discussing the new situations that tiy
would arise.
J. H. Buijs analyses reproduction of
binaural recordings via LETTERS
loudspeakers and gives a circuit
that also improves headphone
reproduction of stereo
programmes. PARABOLIC ANTENNA DESIGN
Currend issue price 80p, back issues (if
availatle) £1, at Retail and Trade Coun-
ter, Units 1 & 2, Bankside Industrial PROGRAMMABLE GPIB-TO-SERIAL INTERFACE
Centre, Hopton Street, London SEt.
Available on microfilm; please contact
editor.
By post, current issue £1.23, back issues
(if available) £1.80, order and payments EPROM EMULATOR
to EEP General Sales Dept., Quadrant
House, The Quadrant, Sutton, Surrey
SM2 5AS.
Editorial & Advertising offices: Quad-
rant House, The Quadrant, Sutton, NEWS
Surrey 3M2 5AS.
Telephones: Editorial 01-661 3500. Ad-
vertising 01-661 3130.
Telegrams/Telex: 892084 BISPRS G.
Subscription rates: 1 year £14 UK and IMPACT OF THE PHOTON
£17 outside UK. b .e1 fel5ef
r
Student. rates: 1 year £9.35 UK and
£11.70 outside UK.
Distribution: Quadrant House, The
Quadrant, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5AS. FLOPPY -DISC DRIVES
Telephone 01-661 3500.
Subsciptions: Oakfield House, Perry -
mount IRoad, Haywards Heath, Sussex
RH16 3DH. Telephone: 0444 59188.
Please notify a change of address.
METEOSAT HIGH -RESOLUTION IMAGES
USA: $39 surface mail, $98.30 airmail.
US subscriptions from IPC B.P., Sub-
scriptions Office, 205 E.42nd Street, NY
10017.
USA mailing agents: Expediters of the SIDEBANDS: PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE
Printed Word Ltd, 527 Madison Avenue,
Suite 1217, New York, NY 10022. 2nd
class postage paid at New York.
(c IPC Business Press Ltd. 1982 ISSN
0043 60E2. NEW PRODUCTS
WIRELESS WORLD OCTOBER 1982

PRINTED CIRCUITS
ADCOLI FOR WIRELESS WORLD
Audio compressor/limiter-Dec. 1975-1 s.s. (stereo)
Cassette recorder -May 1976-1 s s
Audio compander-July 1976-1 s s
PROJECTS
£4.25
£5.00
£4.25
Audio preamplifier -November 1976-2 s s £8i0
Additional circuits -October 1977-1 s.s. £4.00
SOLDERING TOOL Stereo coder -April 1977-1 d.s. 2 s.s.

Low distortion disc amplifier (stereo) -September 1977-1 s.s
Low distortion audio oscillator -September 1977-1 s s
Synthesized f.m. transceiver -November 1977-2 d.s. s.s. ...
£8.50
£2.00
£3.50
£12.00
TYPE 444
1
Morsemaker-June 1978-1 d.s. £4.50

Metal detector -July 1978-1 d s £3.75
Oscilloscope waveform store -October 1978-4 d.s. £18.00
Regulator for car alternator -August 1978-1 s.s. £2.00
Wideband noise reducer -November 1978-1 d.s. ..
Versatile noise generator -January 1979-1 s.s.
...... £5.00
£5.00
with 200MHz frequency meter -January 1979-1 d.s.
High performance preamplifier -February 1979-1 s.s. .....
£7.00
£5.50
Distortion meter and oscillator -July 1979-2 s.s. £5.50
Moving coil preamplifier -August 1979-1 s.s.
Electronic Temperature Multi -mode transceiver -October 1979-10 d.s.
Amplification system -Oct. 1979-3 preamp poweramp 1 ...
£3.50
£35.00
£4 20 each
Digital capacitance meter -April 1980-2 s.s. -T £7.5Ó
Control Circuit Colour graphics system -April 1980-1 d.s.
Audio spectrum analyser -May 1980-3 s s
Multi -section equalizer -June 1980-2 s s
£18.50
£10.50
£8.00
' Floating -bridge power amp- Oct. 1980 -
s.s. (12V or 40V)
1 £4.00
contained within Nanocomp 6802 or 6809 - Jan., July, 1981
Cassette interface - July, 1981 - s.s.
1
-
d.s. s.s.1 1 £9.00
£1.50
Eprom programmer - Jan., 1982 - d.s 1 £4.50
the handle Logic probe - Feb., 1981 -2 d.s
-
Modular frequency counters March, 1981 -8 s.s.
£6.00
£20.00
Opto electronic contact breaker (Delco) - April, 1981 -2 s.s £4.00
CB synthesiser - Sept. - 1 d.s £6.00
Electronic ignition - March, 1982 - 1 s.s £4.00
Boards and glassfibre roller -tinned and drilled. Prices include
VAT and UK postage. Airmail add 30%, Europe add 10%. In-
surance 10%. Remittance with order to:
M. R. SAGIN, NANCARRAS MILL, THE LEVEL
CONSTANTINE, FALMOUTH, CORNWALL
WW - 016 FOR FURTHER DETAILS
DESIGN PRODUCTION
FEATURES TESTING
POWER UNITS
Now available with
NO MOVING 3 OUTPUTS
PARTS DEVELOPMENT
NO MAGNETIC
EFFECT
NO MAINS SERVICING
SPIKING
MINIMAL
MAINTENANCE Type 250VRU/30/25
FULL RANGE
OF PUSH IN
SOLDERING TIPS OUTPUT 1 0-30v, 25A DC
FAIL SAFE
CIRCUITRY OUTPUT 2. 0-70v, 10A AC
OUTPUT 3. 0-250v, 4A AC
The Adcola 444 operates from 24VAC.
50 VA. 50/60Hz. supply. Temperature
range normally factory set at 360°C is fully
variable between 220°C -420°C. The ALL
control circuit is based on a specially designed Continuously
integrated circuit and uses a thermocouple Variable
temperature sensor.
Full specifications and prices from
,1DCOLA (Regd Trade Mark

Vctkuctao
VALRADIO LIMITED, BROWELLS LANE, FELTHAM
ADCOLA PRODUCTS LIMITED MIDDLESEX TW13 7EN
ADCOLA HOUSE, GAUDEN ROAD, LONDON SW4 6LH. Telephone: 01-890 4242 / 4837
Telephone: 01-622 0291/4 Telex 21851 ADCOLA G
WW - 049 FOR FURTHER DETAILS WW - 017 FOR FURTHER DETAILS
2 WIRELESS WORLD OCTOBER 1982

HE SOURC
all good used test equipmér
Electronic Brokers are Europe's leading Second User Equipment Company. We carry large stocks of the very latest test
equipment which is refurbished in our own service laboratories and calibrated to meet the manufacturer's sales specifications.
When you buy used equipment from Electronic Brokers, it can be yours in just days. No waiting for manufacturers lengthy
production schedules. All equipment is fully guaranteed.
TF9958/2 AM/KM 200KHz-200MS85.00 roppr
ANALOGUE VOLTMETERS OSCILLOSCOPES RTSrnespSet. £355.00
gruel and Kfaer Marconi. TF2005R 2 Tone Snel Source. 20Hz- Fluke
2409 TRUE RMS. Average and Peak 2Hz- +TK2214 X -Y Display and
20KHz. 0-111 dB in 0.1 dB steps £295.00 30104 Log ctester. Self Contained.
£250.00 memory/1 £550.00 TF2008 AM/FM 10KHz-510MHz built in Portable. Full Spec. on Request £8500.00
.
Fluke Philipe sweeper. Output o.2r V-200mV £3500.00

PM 3234 Dual Beam Sage Hewlett Packard.
845AB Null Detector £810.00 TF2016 + TF2173 5 ynchranser AM/FM 8403A Modulator fitted With 87328 PIN
883A AC/DC Differential Voltmeter Oscilloscope 10MHz New CRT.. £1750.00 10KHz-102MHz £2000.00
PM 3244 50MHz 4 Channel Delay T'8ese MODULATOR £1500.00
£815.00 £1500.00 TF2169 Pulse Modulator for use with 8412A Phase Magnitude CRT display for
Hewlett Packard TF2015 or TF2016 £200.00 netwxk analyser £1500.00
34004 True RMS T mV-300V 10Hz- 475Tektronix. TF 2000 AF Signal Source £385.00 6482H Power Sensor 100KHz-4.2GHz. AS
£800.00 475 Dual Trace 200MHz Portable TF 2015 + TF 2171 Generator & NEW £250.00
3406A10MHz 1 mV -3V FSD 10KHz-1.2GHz
£2000.00 Y ser
Synchroniser £1850.00 87454 S Parameter Test Set. fitted with
£850.00 7313100MHz Storage Mainframe Philipe. 116044 Universal Arms 0.1-2GHz
£2225.00 PM6456 Stereo Generator £250.00 £2750.00
Maroon¡. 7853100MHz Mainframe with 7Á18N and
TF2600A 1 mV -100V FS0 10Hz-10MHz £3000.00 Radiometer 593084 HP-IB Timing Generator. £300.00
76031
53N
£245.00 7704A 200MHz Mainframe c/w 7422 Diff. SMG1 Stereo Generator.. £375.00 Marconi.
Amplifier, 7426 Dual Channel, 7680 TF2162 M.F. Attenuator. 0-111 dB
Racal
9301A RF Millivoluneter £525.00 Timebase and 7685 Delaying Timebase
£4910.00
Telonic
1006A Sweep Oscillator 450
...
- 850MHz
_ £750.00 TF 2502 RF Power Meter DC - £135.00
1GHz 10W
Rohde a Schwarz, 4500.00 £525.00
7904 500MHz Mainframe
URV RF-DC Mifivoltmeter DC 50pV-1050V
RF 10KHz-2GHz £950.00 S1 Sampling Head. As New £450.00 TRANSMISSION TF2331 AF Distortion Meter
ANALYSERS
7014 Digital Counter plug-in5251NH
£850.00 MEASURING EQUIPMENT TF2 4F Power Meter. 7 ranges 1aUv
434 Option 01 Storage Oscilloscope Siemens' watts to 25 watts £275.00
Hewlett Packard D2072 + W2072 Level Meter and TM8339 AC/DC mixer for use with TF2702
35804 Spectrum Analyser 5Hz-50KHz 25MHz £2250.00 Oscillator. 50KHz-100MHz. .. £2200.00
£2950.00 P6015 HV Probe £295.00 .
£250.00
W2006 + 02006 Carrier Level Test Set Rohde and Schwarz.
141 T/8552B/8555A 10MHz-18GHz Telequipment 10KHz-17MHz. -100 to + 10d8
£9750.00 DM63 Storage Oscilloscope fitted with £1850.00 MSC Stereo Coder. 30Hz-15KHz £500.00
332A Distortion Meter 5Hz-600KHz 2 x V4 Plug -ins to give 4 Trace 15MHz W2007 + D2007 Carrier Level Test Set. Schaffner
£495.00 £1350.00 6KHz-18.6MHz. -120 to + 20dB NSG 509 Pulse Test Generator £785.00
8407A/8412Á Network Analyser CT 71 Curve Tracer £450.00 £1800.00 9haeikman
£1950.00 Taxman. Wendel and Golterman. Super 7 MKII Camera .. ...... £275.00
Marconi
TF2331 Distortion Meter 20Hz -£475.00
20KHz
DU 12012" Display
RECORDERS
... £425.00 PF -1 Digital Error Rate Measuring Set.
Consisting of PFM-1 Digital Error ate
Tektronix
141 A PAL Test Signal Generator
Meter andme PFG-1 Pettern Generator £1750.00
Solartron Hewlett Packard £2490.00 14817; PAL TV Waveform Monitor
1172 TFA £4000.00 7045A X -Y Plotter ramie Metric SPM-6 and PS-6 Level Measuring Set.' £2375.00
Tektronix £1150.00 6KHz-18.6MHz.-110dBto+20dß. 191 Constant AqmmppMMtude Sig. Gen. 350KHz-
7001 /F2 Logic Analyser n 7704A Watanabe. Mains / battery operation £2150.00 100MHz 5mV-5.5V £250.00
£4950.00 MC641 6 Charnel 250mrn Chart Rec£14order 106 Square Wave Generator 1 nS nsebme
Mainframe
i
MISCELLANEOUS
III
10Hz-1MHz without accessories £175.00
BRIDGES Sruel Kjaer 284 Pulse Generator TOPS riseume £950
Marconi
TM4520 Set of Inductors £350.00.
Yokagawa
3047 2 Channel 2 cm/HR - 60cm/MIN
£550.00
2209 Sound Level Meter
Damer.
. £975.00
1901 TOR
2901 Time -Mark Generator
£3500.00
£195.00
Rohde a Schwarz. 2085 AF Power meter 20Hz-30KHz
LRT (BN6100 Inductance Meter. 1 H- SIGNAL SOURCES 100W-50W input imp 1.2-1000 ii
100 H. 2.2-25KHa £385.00 Packard.
Hewlett £250.00
1
42044 Decade LE Oscillator. 10Hz-1MHz.
Wayne Kerr 1mV-10V into 6002 £895.00 Please note: Prices shown do not include VAT or carriage.
8642 LCR 0.1%
SR 268 Source & Detector
DVM's AND DMM's
Fluke
£795.00
£875.00
606B AM Signal Generator. 50KHz-
65MHz. AM 0-95% £850.00
608F 10-455MHz AM/PCM Modulation
V-1 ou.2Gz
0.16181.84V
6
tput
ntareztPCM/FM£900.00
I .1 -=Ill
= = ee-
I I
I
L. I
I
a=
=Ill
I
:enmI
aa
8300A 51 Digit DC only 1 HV sensitivity 5
ranges to 1100V
Philips
£750.00
0.1 V -0.224V
6516 Test Oscilator.10Hz-10MHz
0.1 mV-3.16V
£1000.00
£415.00
=
Electronic Brokers I
aaa
I eaar I
Electronic Brokers Limited

PM 2523-01 LED 3 DgtOMM .£85.00
a
320AFrequerxy Synthesizer. 0 01Hz-
£995.00
Solartron. B616Á Signal Generator 1.B -£2ÓÓÓ00
7055 Microprocessor OMM. Scale Length
20,000. AC/DC volts, resistance 10/
resolution £495.00 8620C + 862508 Sweep Oscillator
B-12 4GHz P.O.A. 61/65 Kings Cross Road
FREQUENCY COUNTERS
Fluke
19204 with Option 13 9 Digit 1 GHz
M¡44H/4 AM Signal Generator.10KHz-
72MHz.2KV-2V £750.00TF2002B LONDON C1X 9LN
Telephone: 01-278 3461
AM/FM 10KHz-BBMHz
£750.00
Hewlett Packard TF2170BSynchronizer for TF20028£1200.00
Telex: 298694 Elebro

534048 Digit i0Hz-18GHz £3750.00
£45000 G
See us at
llr2"82 Stand J7
Catalogue
Latest Second User Test Equipment
now out. Send for your FREE copy
PORTABLE MAINS DISTRIBUTION
NOW WITH EARTH LEAKAGE OLSON
FOR INSTANT MAINS DISTRIBUTION IN
OFFICES, LABORATORIES, WORKSHOPS
AND FOR MAXIMUM SAFETY
N 13A/6
£23.40, £1.50 P&P + VAT
log.
. .
BEL 5SW L.
£61, £2.25 P&P + VAT PEL 1
£44.50, £1.50 P&P + VAT 13A/4SW

£22.40, £1.50 P&P + VAT
13A/5/R £25.30, £1.50 P&P + VAT T13A/5

£21.75
£1.50 P&P
WEL 2 + VAT
w- 13A/6SW Sloping PEL 3
£52.80, £2.25 P&P + VAT
£26. £1.50 P&P + VAT £65, £2.25 P&P + VAT
N 13A/3
£16.77, £1.50 P&P + VAT
TR9 £38.75, £2.50 P&P + VAT DELIVERY EX -STOCK
NO. 8, 5-7 LONG STREET .tg\

OLSON Electronics Ltd. FACTORY
LONDON E2 8HJ Tel: 01-739 2343 1==
7ìnes ruminy oat ...

METER PROBLEMS?
for Ni -Cads!
NEC
5VUCI
LOF
NN54
Available from stock NOW!

1.0 FARAD 1.0 FARAD 1.0 FARAD
SUPERCAP SUPERCAP SUPERCAP
+
5101 1703 7507
C.MOS Programmable C.MOS
R.A.M. Tuner Chip Microcomputer
137 Standard Ranges in a variety of
1 MONTH WEEK DAY C
sizes and stylings available for 10-14
An
1 1
days delivery. Other Ranges and

special scales can be made to order. Only part of the Ism
Anglia range of
Full Information from: NEC components MI
HARRIS ELECTRONICS (London) Burdett Road, Wisbech,
COMPONENTS
Cambs, PE13 2PS
138 GRAY'S INN ROAD, W.C.1. Phone: 01/837/7937 Telephone 0945 63281 THE PARTS YOU NEED
Telex 32630 ANGLIA G
Telex: 892301 HARTRO G. - fast!

New Fluke
41/2 Digit
Nand-held
See u
a 9.
D.M.M.s
.` S 11CÁ: Now in Stock
Basic dc accuracy 0.04%; 10)4V. 10 nA
and 10 m4 sensitivity.
Display annunciators for low battery
IBT) and special functions: frequency
(kHz). dB. continuity II) and
relative reference (REL(.
Autoranging M R measurements from 2
MQto300M2.
Conductance functions for resistance
measurements to 10,000 M ß.
Separate constant -current source diode -
test function for checking
Hilomast Ltd
semiconductor junctions.
Full range capability for voltage. current,
resistance (200 yA, 200 mV and 200 S2
ranges(.
Wideband True RMS AC measurements
to 100 kHz.
Overload protection to 750 VAC or
1000 VDC on voltage inputs and 500 V
on resistance. Protection on current
inputs provided by a 2A/250V fuse in
line with a heavy-duty 3A/600V fuse.
Sophisticated self -diagnostics provided
for all range and function selections plus
LCD display, battery and CMOS
circuitry.
Fluke's 8062A makes many of the same
measurements as the 8060A. at a tower
price.
Continuity and relative reference
functions identi:al to 8060A.
True RMS measurements to 30 kHz.
Basic dc accuracy 0.05%; 10 NV, 10 nA
® «WA
iiimummanamaiimpr
tNiiE NMS MUtrwEtEN
and 10 m52 sensitivity.
Fluke 8060A £275.00

Fluke8062A £210.00
Fluke8022B. With 2year warranty .
. £95.00
Fluke8021 B. With 2yearwarranty £ 105.00
Fluke 8020B. With 2year warranty .. £135.00
Fluke8024B. With 2 year warranty .. £165.00
Fluke8050A MainsModel £275.00 Mains Battery, f305.00
Fluke 8012A MainsModel £245.00 Mains Battery £270.00
Fluke8010A ' MainsModel £185.00 MainsBattery £215.00
ACCESSORIES
AB -230 Battery eliminator
I
£ 15.00
C90 Carry case for hand held £11.00
801-600 Amp clamp .. £75.00
80J-10 Current shunt OA £24.00
80K-40 H.V. probe 40kV
I
f 62.00
80K-6 H.V. probe 6kV £44.00
801-150 Temperature probe £79.00
BOT -H Touch hold probe £40.00
83RF R.F. probe 100MHz... .
£44.00
85RF R.F. probe 500MHz. .. £76.00
YB 02 Thermocouple probe
1
£45.00
Y8103 Bead thermocouple £20.00
Y8104 K type thermocouple termination £9.00
Y8133 Deluxe test leads £15.00
Full Specs. on Request.
The above prices do not Include carriage
or VAT (15%).
Simply Phone or
Telex your order for
immediate dispatch.
Electronic Brokers Ltd
61/65 Kings Cross Road
London WC1X 9LN
II
HILOMAST LIMITED Telephone: 01-278 3461
TEE STREET HEYBRIDGE MALDON - Telex: 298694 Elebro G
ESSEX CM9 7NB ENGLAND WW - 201 FOR FURTHER DETAILS
Tel MALDON (0621) 56480
TELEX NO 995855 1=31= ICI= I=01= I=01= I=14
-
=04 = 1=14 I
WW 043 FOR

FURTHER DETAILS
Electronic Brokers I=- = = =al
I I I
CX8O COLOUR New low price
MATRIX PRINTER £795 + V.A.T.
At last a low-cost Colour Matrix Printer for

Text, Graphics, Histograms, Colour VDU
Dumps, etc.
Colour printout is quickly assimilated,

makes graphics more understandable
and is an ideal medium for the presen-
tation of complex data or concepts.
Compatible with most microprocessors, prints in

programme makes the CX80 easy to use.
7 colours - sophisticated internal
Dot Addressable + 15 user programmable characters, 96 ASCII and 64 graphics

characters in rom. Centronics interface with RS232 and IEEE488 options. Apple II
interface gives dot for dot colour dump. New viewdata interface prints out two pages
side by side in full colour. See Prestel 200650.
The CX80 is a product of our own design and development laboratories. It represents
a British breakthrough in colour printer technology. Colour brochure
on request. OEM
pricing available.
Portwood Industrial Estate, Church Gresley
INTEGREH LIMITED Burton -on -Trent, Staffs DE11 9PT
Burton -on -Trent (0283) 215432. Telex: 377106
IN VIEW OF THE EXTREMELY RAPID CHANGE TAKING
PLACE IN THE ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY, LARGE QUANTI- VIEW THOU LENS

Ideal for the experimenter
TIES OF COMPONENTS BECOME REDUNDANT. WE ARE THIS DOSIMETER WILL AUTOMATICALLY
DETECT GAMMA AND 9 -RAYS
CASH PURCHASERS OF SUCH MATERIALS AND WOULD Is UNIT IS SIZE OF FOUNTAIN PEN & CLIPS
ONTO TOP POCKET FREE Ar rrn Nr, r,4sE
APPRECIATE A TELEPHONE CALL OR A LIST IF AVAILABLE. PRECISION INSTRUMENT
MANUFACTURERS CURRENT PRICE OF A
WE PAY TOP PRICES AND COLLECT. SIMILAR MODEL OVER f25 EACH
0-5R
&msh deengn & rnanulactme W. W. Pest & Paddle.
Tested and fully guaranteed. Ex -stock delivery.
COMPLETE
Aso plied to Fire Services/Civil Defence
WITH DATA
BROADFIELDS & MAYCO DISPOSALS
Official Orders welcome
21 Lodge Lane, N. Finchley, London, N.12. 5 mins. from Tally Ho corner
01-723 1008 9
Telephone 445 2713/0749 19461) CALLERS: 404 EDGWARE ROAD, LONDON W2 lED
4 Mail Orders/Export Enquiries to: 11-12 Paddington Green, London W2
WW 071 FOR FURTHER DETAILS
The initial range is as follows:

1. Diameter 30mm 120 slots - Price 1-5 off £5 each
NEW OFF THE SHELF 2. Diameter 60mm 120 slots - Price 1-5 off £7 each
3. Diameter 60mm 240 slots -- Price 1-5 off £9 each
QUALITY ENCODER DISCS 4. Diameter 60mm 360 slots - Price 1-5 off f12 each
Veco Electroforming Photo -etching Limited, one of the Price reductions available according to quantity.
largest European suppliers of custom -designed Specification:
electroformed and photo -etched components is now Material Hard Nickel 0.08 to 0.09mm thick.
offering a range of "off the shelf' encoder discs. Centre Hole 10mm ± 20 microns.
These will enable small users to purchase at highly Slot Width Tolerance ± 7 microns.
competitive prices and larger users to carry out initial Mark Space ratio 1 to 1.
development work and prototype manufacture prior to Angular Tolerances ± 20 seconds.
purchase of production quantities. In addition, these "off General Tolerances t 20 microns.
the shelf' designs can also be supplied in larger quantities Delivery is from stock.
for production with a relatively short delivery time. Contact: VECO ELECTROFORMING/PHOTO-ETCHING LTD
36 Essendene Road
Caterham, Surrey CR3 5PA Tel: Caterham 108831 46062
Please send Name Job Title
further details
without Company Name and Address
obligation to: Tel. No
6
We supply
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the colourful Wilmslow Audio brochure
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Choose your DIY HiFi Speakers in the comfort of our *
two listening lounges
(Customer operated demonstration facilities)
* Ample parking *
Send £1.50 for catalogue
(cheque, M.O. or stamps -orphone with yourcredit card number)
* Access - Visa - American Express accepted *
also HiFi Markets Budget Card.
HM 203 PORTABLE
OSCILLOSCOPE
0625 529599
Dual Trat e DC to 20MHz 8 x I0, rn
HM 307 dr,play Rretime 11 eS Sensitivity
35/39 Church Street, Wilmslow, Cheshire SK9 lAS OSCILLOSCOPE r,rr V/crrc10V/cm Tlmeba/e 0 5NS 0 2S
Single trace DC tu I OMHz Rr,etimr x 5 magnifier X Y operation Alu,r or
Lightning service on telephoned credit card orders! ibnS 5rnV/cm to 20V/ cm Trmeb-sr variable usgger Channel Charyrutl 2
I
0 5pS-0 25 Built in component tester line and external Coupling AC. or TV

L PS technique provides stable and
low pass filter Weighs only 6Kq Size
reliable triggering up to 30MHz £1 38.00 Im rn H 145_ W 285 D 380 £220.00
WW - 061 FOR FURTHER DETAILS I
AUCTIONAppointed by the plant management we are auctioning modern pro-

duction equipment of the Color-TV-Tube Manufacturing Plant of
Messrs.:
VIDEOCOLOR GMBH
0-7900 U111 -DONAUTAL, Graf Arco St. 3
Tuesd. Sept. 28, '82

Wednesd. Sept. 29,'82
starting from 9.30 A.M. each day
The following will be auctioned: HM412-5 HM705
Dual T rare 1/C 70MHz 8 x 10, rn lisplay
approx. 700 measuring and testing units electrical and mechanical, la- Dual Tr,de F DC rr, ZOMHz 8 x 1G in
boratory agitators, measuring devises, degreasing plants, ultra -sonic rLspldg wrih internal elratirule Ri'.e Urne wth internal graht ide R, r'rirrk Sr S
I7 SnS Variable input InnV-20V4crn Variable input ZmV 20V Ai, ar revert
washing plants, kiln systems, automatic welders, continuous reduc-
Add and invert modes ümebase modes 95r 5 Signal Delay Ulf'
tion furnaces, AEG -make, planishers, LINGERER RM 900 1/23, hy-
I
05NS-02S with sweèpdelay IOOnS-IS Trrnebase SOr IS S/cnr with Sweet, delay
I
draulic drawing presses, continuous annealing furnaces, automatic 100n5 IS x IOexpam,l ri KY

x 5 expanvon X l" operatori Z
coating machines, automatic foil applicators, vacuum pump units, auto- rnnrlyd.4iun TnggerCHI CH2CHI/2. operation Z ¿rodulat,on T rigger t H I
matic color -TV picture tube testers, solder applicators, rotary con- ine rir EXT £350.00 CH2 CH /2 WI, or EXT
1 £580.00
veyors, toil and acetone reclaiming machines, fully automatic media pre-
paration and mixer systems, neutral ization plant, laboratory equipment.
The above prices do not Include carriage
centrifuges, goods wagons, lifting platform, palletizing and racking sys- or VAT (15%).
tems, office furniture and office machines, automatic lathes, machi-
ne tools, EDV -system AEG 8020/4 type and many other items
Inspection: on Monday September 27, 1982 from 10 A.M. to 6 P M.
Simple Phone or
on auction days from 8 A.M. to 9.45 A.M.. Preliminary inspection of Telex your order for
large plant and equipment can be arranged subject to prior agree-
ment.
immediate dispatch.
Please ask for our detailed catalogue.
Electronic Brokers Ltd
61/65 Kings Cross Road
HORST F. G. ANGERMANN
VEREIDIGTER ÖFFENTLICH U. jLondon WC1X 9LN
HAMBURG
SCHÄTZER FÜR
BESTELLTER VERSTEIGERER Telephone: 01-278 3461
IMMOBILIEN, MASCHINEN UND INDUSTRIEANLAGEN Telex: 298694 Elebro G
D-2000 Hamburg 11 Mattentwiete 5
Telefon (040) 36 76 91-93
WW
Telex 02-13 303
FOR FURTHER DETAILS

02-15 272
II_ I=aI_ I=+ I_

i.7-1=01"..:1=m1=1=4..7
=I = =i
-- 079

Electronic Brokers I =1 = I I
Rmcron
INDUSTRIAL
** POWER
** HARMONIC
D.C.
RESPONSE
OUTPUT POWER
(CONTINUOUS R.M.S.)
OUTPUT
- 45KHz ± 1dB.
EXCESS
AMPS AT
20
IN
DC
1.5KW INTO 2.75 Ohm LOAD.
VOLTS 2KVA. 100

OF
DISTORTION LESS THAN 0.05% DC-20KHz AT 1kW INTO

OR
6
MUSCLE
* OHMS.
PLUG-IN MODULES: CONSTANT VOLTAGE/CURRENT, PRECISION
OSCILLATORS.
* GENERATORS,
UNIPOLAR AND BIPOLAR DIGITAL INTERFACES, FUNCTION
AND MANY OTHERS.
* OUTPUT MATCHING TRANSFORMERS AVAILABLE TO MATCH
VIRTUALLY ANY LOAD.
* FULL OPEN AND SHORT CIRCUIT PROTECTION GUARANTEED STABLE
INTO ANY LOAD.
** TWO UNITS MAY CONNECTED TO PROVIDE UP TO 4kW.
INTERLOCK CAPABILITY
BE
UP TO EIGHT UNITS.
FOR
** UNITS AVAILABLE FROM 100VA-12KVA.
3 -YEAR PARTS AND LABOUR WARRANTY.
For full details on all Amcron Products write or phone Chris Flack Model - M600
Analogue Associates
P.O. BOX 3
ATTLEBOROUGH
NORFOLK NR17 2PF
Tel: 0953-452477
PROFESSIONAL INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS
M ¡CRO PROFESSOR
YOUR GUIDE TO THE WORLD
OF M ICROPROCESSORS
111
ti
A lowcost tool forleaming, teaching & prototyping.

,.
. 14
Micro -Professor is a low-cost Z80 based microcomputer which provides you with an
(by phone or post) interesting and inexpensive way to understand the world of microprocessors and utilise
Complete the coupon their unlimited potential.
today)
Micro -Professor is a complete hardware and software system whose extensive
Please allow 28 days for delivery. manual gives you detailed schematics and examples of programme code. A superb
Please send me. Price Oty p&p learning development tool for students, hobbyists and microprocessor engineers, as
Micro -Professor £79.95 £2.95 well as an excellent teaching aid for instructors of electrical engineering and computer
SSB-MPF board £69.95 £2.95 science courses.
EPB-MPF board £84.95 £2.95 Technical specification
PRT-MPF board £74.75 £2.95 Z80 CPU, 2K RAM, 2K monitor, 24 1/0 lines, LED display, cassette interface, CTC/PIO
Total facility, 2.25" speaker, three manuals, 36 keyboard. Options include; EPROM board,
I enclose cheque/P.O. for £
speech board and printer board.
Please send or telephone for full details.
Name
Address
£79.95...
FLIGHT ELECTRONICS LTD. Flight House, Quayside Rd, Southampton,

Hants SO2 4AD. Tel: (0703134003/27721. Telex: 477793.
WW1 0/82 Mail order only Trade enquiries welcome a Bulk order discounts Prices include VAT

Electronic Brokers
DEC SALE
ambit®
THE MOST COMPREHENSIVE RANGE OF COMPONENTS, KITS
INTERNATIONAL
a selection from our huge stocks
All items reconditioned unless
ESSORS
SPECIAL PURCHASE OF THE BEST-
otherwise stated
INTERFACES
OL11 WAsynchronousl/F
DU 11 DA Synchronous I/F
£395
£525
AND MODULES IN THE WORLD & THERE'S ONLY ROOM FOR A SELLING DEC WS78 WORD DUP11 DA Syrlchroncus I/F £750
PROCESSORS KLBEAsynchronous[BEJ £175
FRACTION HERE, GET THE CATALOGUE AND FIND THE REST. * VT78 32KB Video Data Processor KLBJAA5ycfroncus 8 BA] £275
BAND 2 TUNERHEADS (Varicap Tuning) * RX01 Dual Roppy Disk Drive M7258PrnterVF[ P11] £325
s.Q E F5804 * Diablo Letter Quality Printer M8207Printerl/F LS111)
2 MOSFET of stages MOSFET mixer,
JFET IF Preamp, with internally ampli- * Mounted in mobile unit with storage M8342PrinterVF 8E,8A] .... £225
fied PIN diode AGC. Tuning voltage cupboard POPSA
for 88-108MHz is 2-8V. Buffered LO
output. AGC input
* Includes complete WP Software
£2,950 PDP8A-205 Processor 10'/z",
-
ar 145 x 70 x 24mm.
package 32KWMOS(NEW) £1,750
.+.-yy Stock No. 1-24 250 SYSTEMS PDP8A-400'Pracessor, 8KW
40-05804 Blt 24.95 19.65 Core, KM8AA, DKCBAA £1Eí52000
POP11 VO3 SYSTEM
11/03 32KB Processor including KC8AA Programmers Console
KMBAA Option Module £275
ftLtr 7255 The latest complete FM
tunerhead from RF input to
stereo output. MOSFET RF
Console Interface
RXV11 Dual Roppy Disk Drive and Control MM8AA8KW Core Memory £500
stages, HA11225 IF and Low Cabinet on Castors MMBAB 16KW Core Memory
K B4437 stereo decoder. 7255 special offer price: RT11 Licence £1,525 MS8CB32KWMOSMemory £750
£30.00 plus VAT RXBE Dual Poppy &CU(NEW] £995
* OP11/34A SYSTEM RX28 Dual Roppy and Cu (NEW) .... £1,450
911225A The 911225A is the 7230 11/34A 128KB Processor OPTIONS
'edited' and shrunk into a screened
RK611 14M0 Disk Drive and Control
metal ease, 97 it 56 x 24mm. The AR11 16cFénnelA/D £750
unit is ideally suited to use with RK06 Add-on Disk Drive BA11FE expander box £995
synthesised tuner systems. LA36 Console BA11 KFexpanderbox £1Eíea
Stock No 1.24 25+ H967 Rack Cabinet £11,750
4491225 Built 20.82 16.25 GA11 LFexpanderbox
DH11ACMultiplexor £3,250
944378 ' Hyparfl' series decoder nodule PDP11/70 SYSTEM (NEW) £4,000
with the TOKO 594437 pilot cancel 11/70 CPU 512KB MOS DH11ADMultiplexor
I'LL IC birdy filter and the KB4438 muting stereo DJI1AA Multiplexor ElA[NEW) £11,50
audio preamp with 26/38kHz pilot tone filtering. Dual Data System Cab.
RWM03 67MB Disk Drive and CU DL11 Serial Interface
Stock No. 1.24 25+
£55,000 DL11 W Asynchronous Interface £395
40-04378 Built 19.95 18.05 LA120 Console Printer £525
DMI1DA Line Adaptor
DFCM500 Wida range digital frequency/ PROCESSORS DR11 K Digital l/0 £425
capacitance meter. Frequency ranges: PDPBA-20532KWMOS[NEW) ... £1,750 DullDASyynchroncusInterface £525
0.1 MHz, 1.50MHz and 80-500MHz. 8 digit PDP84-4008KW Core £1,500 DUP11 DASynchronousInterface £750
LED display, mains or Ni -Cad battery operation
Stock No. 1-24 25+ PDP11/0410%"32KBMOS £3,825 DZ11AMultiplexor £1,95
40-01500 Kit 95.95 86.50 PDP11/34A128KBMOS - £5,000 DZ118 Multiplexor
PDP11 /34A256KBMOS £8,250 FP11A floating Point £1,500
AUTOBRIDGE PDP11 /4096KW Core, KT11 0 £4,650 FPI1E Floating Point [11/60] £'1,975
An Automatic power tracking VSWR and self - PDP11 /44256KBMOS £11,500 H720 Paver Supply
ranging power mater. Complete Kit: All PCBs. PDP11 X44-CO256KB. TU58 £12,750
board mounted components, meters, casa H744PowerSupply £125
lundrilledl, transformer etc. PDP11 /70512KBMOS(NEW) £43,000
. -
H745 Power Supply £90

Stock No: 40-40400 62.86 * £1.50 P&P KMC11 4 Auxilliary Processor £875 H754 Power Supply £174
PRINTERS/TERMINALS H77588 Battery Back-up £495
FET DIP OSCILLATOR
LA36 DECwriter 1120mA £295 H775CB Battery Back-up [11/34] £695
An essential piece of test equipment for the RF H7750BDBatteryry Back-up [11/44] £895
constructor. GDO or WM function covering 1 6- LA36 DECwriter II RS232 £325 £625
.
215MHz in five ranges. Audio and meter LA34 DECwriter IV £425 KE11A Extended Anthemtic
indication. Kit includes; fibre glass PCB, all ccm LA180-PD Parallel KE118ExtendedArithmetic £595
ponants, all hardware, punch, painted and screen
DECprinter [NEW £495 KGIIA CRC module £465
printed case, wire etc. for coils and printed scale. £250
Stock No: 1.24 25+ LA180-ED RS232 DECprinter KIT11H Bus Interface
40.16215 Kit 17.90 1820 VTN £870 KK11 A Cache Memory £1,500
50 DECscope 20mA £199 KT11 DMemoryManagement(NEW)... £750
10.MH. SSB GENERATOR VT50 DECscope RS232 £225 KW11L Real Time Clock £150
PCB, All components, eight -pole crystal VT55 Graphics DECscope KW 11 P Programmable Clock £345
filter. (NEW) £495 LP1 Printer Control module ..
1 £325
Stock No. Price
40-10700 £29.65
DAISY WHEEL PRINTERS

R&EW PROJECT AND DATABRIEF PCBs
High quality glass fibre printed circuit boards
for projects and Databriafs published in Radio
NEW LOW PRICE
& Electronics World.
27MHz Deviation Meter
PA105
£1.98
£3.39
Scoop purchase of factory
TV Pattern Generator £5.70 refurbished Anderson Jacobson
MC145151
2m Pre-amp
£2.57
£0.97 AJ832 daisy wheel printers
KB4417 (Undrilled)
0.30V PSU
£0.60
£3.92
complete with full keyboard,
2m PA Mk II 6.14 integral stand, and RS232
ULN3859 (Undrilled)
SSB Exciter
£0.84
£3.37 interface. Utilising the famous
HA12017 £2.16
£4.75
QUME Printer Mechanism.
Up Converter
NOW ONLY £750
HAZELTINE VDUs
2m PRE -AMP
Very compact low.noise MOSF ET 2m pre-
p. Gain 22d B. Noise figura; less than 1.5d B.
I/p and o/p impedance; 50 ohm size; 34 x 9
x 15mm. From April'82 R&EW.
Stock No.
40-14400
70em PRE -AMP

Kit
1-24
2.55
25+
2.30
Compact low -noise pre -amp. Gain at 433 MHz.

SAVE UP TO 51%
13dB. I/P and 0/P impedance 50ohms. Size
50 x 10 x 17mm. From March '82 R&EW
Stock No. 1-24 25+
Kit 3.90 3.60
HAZELTINE 1510
40-07000
2m POWER AMP
20 watt 144MHz linear power amplifier. 10dB
gain. 2W input - 20W output. Automatic
witched relay. 8y -passes power amp In receiver
[MLP £880].Only£550
mode. Developed from original class C version
in Dec 81 R&EW. High power output relay. HAZELTINE 1520
Pre -drilled haatsink, optional RX pra.amp. Kit
only.
1.24 25+
[MLP £1050]. Only £625
Stock No.
jTHERE'S ;
40-14421 Less Praamp
40.14422 With Preamp
28.50
30.40
25.65
27.36 HAZEL,TINE 1552
AND PLENTY MORE IN THE CATALOGUE 70p inc. [MLP £800].Only£395
RETAIL SHOP OPENING HOURS NOW IN STOCK
HAZELTINE 1410
Monday to Thursday 8.30-6.30 MF 10 -
National's new Dual [MLP £475].Only£295
Switched Capacitor Filter
Friday 8.30-8.30 Saturday 9.00-5.30 Price £5.05 HAZELTINE 1420
(Acmes* Barclaycard orders accepted)
Manufacturer's [MLP £515] .Only £350
ALL PRICES SHOWN EXCLUDE VAT. P&P 50p per order.
surplus t ALL New Autumn 182 Catalogue now out.
AMBIT INTERNATIONAL DEPT. WW
BRAND NEW BOXED Send for your FREE copy now.
200 north 5eruice Rood, Brentwood, ESSEN ADD 15 % VAT TO ALL PRICES Carriage and Packing extra
1
ISM 027/1 230909 TELEX 995194 AMBIT G POSTCODE CM144SG
TELEPHONE
Electronic Brokers Ltd., 61/65 Kings Cross Road,
London WC1X 9LN. Te1*01-218 3461.Telex 298694
WW - 048 FOR FURTHER DETAILS I=I= 1_1=
I=al I=I _I1_
1_=m1= 1_=4=
=
Electronic Brokers I I =1 = =1 I

TRANSISTORS
WATFORD ELECTRONICS
MPF103 30 TIS90'91 30 253011 22 255879 190
86179 35 MPF104 30 UC734 % 253053 28 256027 32
AC125 36 BC182L 10 13E180 ,2 38 MPF105 30 VK101 80 253054 50 2SA671 250
AC126/7 36 BC1831 10 BF184/5 38 MPF106 40 VN1OKM 66 253055 48 2SA715 60
33/34 CARDIFF ROAD, WATFORD, HERTS, ENGLAND AC128 30 BC184L 10 BF194/5 12 MPSA05 25 VN46AF 78 253108 45 2SC495 70
AC141/2 30 1C186/7 26 8F196/7 12 MPSA08 25 VN66AF 80 253252 2SC496
MAIL ORDER, CALLERS WELCOME AC176
AC187
28 dC212 10 BF198/9 18 MP6Al2
MPSA55
32 VN88AF 94 2E03302
46
30 2SC1061
70
250
32 8C212L 10 8E200 300 30 VN89AF 96 253441/2 140 2SC1096 %
Tel. Watford 109231 40588. Telex: 8956095 AC188
ACY17/18 70
32 BC213 10 8F224A 25 MPSA56 30 ITX107/8 11 253614/5 199 2SC1162 30
BC213L 10 13E2248 29 MPSUO2 58 ZTX109 12 253663 15 25C1173 125
,
ALL DEVICES BRAND NEW, FULL SPEC. AND FULLY GUARANTEED. ORDERS DES- ACY19/20 75 BC214 10 BF245 30 MPSU05 56 21%212 28 253702/3 10 2SC1306 100
PATCHED BY RETURN OF POST. TERMS OF BUSINESS: CASH/CHEQUE/ AC-Y21/22 75 8C214L 10 BF256A 35 MPSUO6 56 ZTX300 13 253704/5 10 2SC1307 150
P.Os OR BANKERS DRAFT WITH ORDER. GOVERNMENT AND EDUCATIONAL INSTI- ACY28 75 8C237/8 14 BF2568 45 MPSU52 65 ZTX301 16 253706/7 10 2SC1449 85
ACY39/41 95 BC3117B 14 13F257/8 32 MPSU56 60 253708/9
TUTIONS' OFFICIAL ORDERS ACCEPTED. TRADE AND EXPORT INQUIRY WELCOME. AD142 120 BC308 16
Z1%302 16 10 2SC1678 140
6E259 35 MPSU56 600 ZTX303 25 253710/11 10 25C1679 190
P&P ADD 5500pp TO ALL CASH ORDERS. OVERSEAS ORDERS POSTAGE AT COST. 00142 120 BC327/8 15 8E274 42 MPU131 52 ZTX304 253713
17 140 2SC1923 50
AM/SURFACE. ACCESS ORDERS WELCOME. A0149 79 BC337/8 16 BF336/7 40 0C26 170 ZTX314 253771 179 2SC1945 225
w
25
AD161 42 BC441/61 34 6E451 35 0C28/35 220 21X326 3) 2N3772 196 2SC1963 90
VAT >InoWVi,: d VAT.able :» dd 15% to tM oó oth.p&p...N AD162
AF115/6
AF117/8
42
60
BC477
BC516/7
40
40
8F594:5
8FR39/40
30
23
0C36/41
0C42 /44
75
75
2TX341
ZTX451
30
23
253773
2N3819
210
22
2SC1957
2SC1969
90
140
90 BC547/8 12 0F841/79 23 0C45 /70 40 ZTX500 2N3820 2SC2028
We stock thousands more Items. It pays to vint w. We are ettuated behind Warlord Football Ground. AF124/26 70
14 38 85
Noire« Underground/BR Station: WWord High Street. BC549C 14 HFR80/81 25 0071/72 40 ZTX501/2 15 253822/3 46 2SC2029 210
AF139 40 BC556/7 15 BFR98 105 0074/75 50 ZTX503 253824 %
Open Monday to Saturday Sam to 6pm. Ample Free Gr Parking spew avallabls. AF178
18 2SC2078 170
75 BC558/9 15 BFX29 28 0076/77 50 ZTX504 25 253866 90 2SC2091 86
ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORS: (Values are in µF) 100V: 1096 526; 47 79p; 53V: 0.47, 1.0, 1.5, 2.2, 3.3, AF186 70 BC030 68 BFX81 46 0081 /82 50 Z7X531 25 253870 150 25C2314 86
4.b 10109; 15, 22, 1Át; 33169; 47126; 68 20p; 100, lí9
220 259 1000 70p; 2200 9116. 60V: 68 206;
AF239
ASZ21
66
125
BCY34
BCY35
86
50
8F%84 28 0083/84
0C170/71
40 07X550 25 253903/4 15 2SC2166 186
76; 220 246; 40V: 8.8 169; 22 Sp; 33 12p; 330, 470 32p; 1000 499. 2200 90p; 26V: 1.5, 4.7, 10, 22, BF%85/6 28 50 5697 23 253905/6 16 25C2335 225
47 Sp; 100 116; 150 12p; 220, 166; 330 22p; 470 369; 680, 1000, 34p; 1500 426; 2200, 609; 3300, 799; BC107 10 BCY39/40 85 8F018 50 0C200 50 25698 40 253906 17 2SC2547 30
700 26;;
10V: 47, 68, 100 9p; 125, 12p; 330 le;
470, 209; 680 34p; 1000 27p; 1500, 31p; 2200 366; BC107B
BC108
12
10
BCY41/42 14
BCY45 50
6FY50/51 23
6E052 23
TIP29A
TIP29C
32
38
25699
25706A
48 254037 46 2SC2612 225
44700 19 254041 40 250234 74
BC108B 12 8C058 /59 35 BFY53 32 TIP30A 35 :N708 19 2N4058 10 2SK45 90
TAO -END CAPACITORS: 64V: 2200 1399; 3300 1966; 47002469; 60V: 22001169; 33001649; 40V: 4700 BC109 FiCY70 / 71 TIP30C
1606; %V: 2200 909; 3300 699; 4000, 4700 996; 10,000 3269; 15,000 343p; 16V: 22,000 360p.
10 16 8E05576 32 37 I5918 36, 25406112 10 2SK288 225
8C1098 12 BCY72 20 8E064 35 TIP31A 38 A11131/2 24 254064 115 2SJ83 225
BC109C 12 HCV78 24 6E081 120 T1P31B 39 251302 45 254069 46 2SJ85 225
POLYESTER CAPACITORS: Aalet Liad Type 6C114/5 22 HD112 125 eFY90 80 TIP31C 39 251303 66 2614220 78 35128 112
400V: 1nF, 1n5, 2n2, 303, 4n7, 6n8 11p; 10n, 15n, 18n, 22n 12p; 33n, 47n, 88n BC117/8 TIP32A
1S6 1500 top; 2200 301; 3300 429; 4700 02p; 6800 1 F 6Sp; 2 SIEMENS pch 20 HD121 96 66039 40 38 251304/5 60 254234/6 48 35140 112
02p. BC119 38 BD124 115 HSC20 20 TIP32C 42 251306/7
16SV: 10oP. 12n, 39x1, 1000 119; 1500, 2200 lip, 3300, 4700 30p; 6800, 309; Typ,: Mocaturo 63 254264 24 40097 120
BC137/9 40 13D131/32 48 115X26/29 34 TIP33A % 251308 68' 254286 15 40250 %
10F 479; 105 409; 292 409; 497 61113. pely Capacitors
2á0V
BC140 30 80133 70 HSX78 45 TIP33C 78 251613 30 254289 18 40311 60
1000V: 1nF 17p; 10nF 30p; 15n 40p; 22n 366; 33n 42p; 47n, 100n 42p. BC,142/3 30 00135 46
1nF. 1n5, 2n2, 145026 30 TIP34A 74 251670 150 254314 78 40313 130
3n3,
6C14/ 9 B0136/37 40 H5095A 25 TIP34C 88 2516716 160 254400 18 40315 90
POLYESTER RADIAL LEAD CAPACITORS: 250V: 4n7, 6n8,
THROUGH 10n, 12n, 15n 7p
BC14/X 10 HD138/39 40 HU105 170 71P350 110 252160 2% 254427 80 40316 %
10n, 15n, 22n, 27n Sp; 33n, 47n, 68n, 100n 7p; 150n, 220n
10p; 330n,470n lap; 6806 159; 1µ23p; 105 406; 262 41p.
A(I lIn, 22n, 27n, BC148 9 60140 40 HU205 190 7IP35C 128 252217 45 254859 78 40317/20 80
10006F/0.50V Sp OC1486 10 B0144/45 198 HU206 200 T1P36A 130 2522180 25 754871 56 40323 60
33n. 39n. 47n 8p
BC749 9 8U208 200 TIP36C 140 2522190 28 2N4898 136 40324 100
TANTALUM BEAD CAPACITORS POTEMTIOMETEA8: Rotary, Carbon, 39n, 56n 129
82n,100n 11p
HC1491- 10 80205/6 110 BU069C 225 TIP41A 50 2522200 26 254901 175 40326/7 70
36V: 0.16F, 0-22, 0-33 l69; 0-47, 0-68, Track. 0.25W Log & Lin values. fiC153/4 27 BD222 % 1421 250 TIP41B 52 2N2221A 26 254921
1-0, 1.5 199; 2.2, 3-3 1 1002 55 40347 90
4.7, 6.8 500f1, 1KO & 2Kf1 (Linear only) Single HC.15//8 10 130245 45 MD8001 250 TIP42A 55 2522220 25 254922 40348
100n, 120n 10p 70 120
10 299. 10V: 2.2. 3.3 1 ; 4.7, 6.8. 10 Gang 309 HC159 80378 70 MJ490 90 71P42B
150n, 180n 12p
11 58 252297 25 2N5135/6 20 40360 60
ISp; 389; 22 309; ,, 47 409; 100 51(f1-2MO Single Gang Log & Lin. 30p HC160 45 80434 55 MJ491 175 TIP120 70 252303 40361/2
45 255138
15,
220n, 270n 16p 18 70

7Sp; 10V: 15, 22, 36p; 33, 47 35p; 100 51((15-2M11 Single Gang DIP Switch 716 HC16/A 10 BD517 75 MJ2955 70 TIP121/2 73 252368
66p; 6V: 100 429. 3300, 390n 20p 25 2N5172 18 4)407/8 75
5K11-2MO Double Gang lep 470n. 560n 26p
HC16iiC 10 BD695A 99 MJE170 150 7IP141 /2 105 2523690 18 255179 45 4)411 2%
6C169C 10 BD696A 99 MJE180 150 TIP147 120 252476 50 255180 47412
580. app
HC1/0 BDY56
45 90
MYLAR FILM CAPACITORS SUDER POTENTIOMETERS 1 a 34p 7,,7 50p
15 180 MJE340 54 TIP2955 60 252483/4 27 255190/1 75 40467A 130
100V: 1nF, 2, 4, 4nF, 10 6p; 15nF, 22n, 0-25W log and linear values 60mm 6C1/1 12 11 800611 160' MJE370 100 1163055 60 252646 45 255194 801 40468 %
30n, Ion, 47n 76; 56n, 100n, 200n Sp; 5Kí1 -500K11 sing le gang 709 HC1/3 11 8E115 35 MJE371 100 T1543 32 252846 80 255305/8 30 40594 1%
60V: 4706/ 120. 10KÌ1 -500K11 dual gang 1109 HC.1///8 16 BF154/8 25 MJE520 95 11S44/5 45 252904'5 28 2N5457(8 30 40603 110
Self Stick Graduated Bezel 409 HC1/9 20 BF167 29 MJE521 95 11546 45 252906'7 26 2N5459 30 40636 175
HC161 20 0E173 27 I,tJE2955 99 TIS48 50 2N2907A 26 255485 40673 %
CERAMIC CAPACITORS 60V: Telephone 61182/3 36
Range: 0-5pF to 10nF 4p. 15nF; 22nF; Orders by 10 BF1/7 25. MJE3055 70 TIS59//4 50 2N2926G 10 7N5777 45 40871/2 90
PRESET POTENTIOMETERS HCi64 10 RF17R 30 MPF107 40 rIS88A 50
33nF; 47nF Sp. 100nF/30V 7p. 0.1W 500-5MG Miniature ACCESS
200nF/6V Sc Vertical & Horizontal 7p
Just
phone your order
0-25W 10011-3-3MG horiz. larger lop through. we do
POLYSTYRENE CAPACITORS: 0-25W 200(1-4-7M11 vert. 109
10pF to 1nF 9p; 1.6nF to 12nF IOp the rest. M30/ 45 NE564 420 UAA 180 170 , 7472 24 /4C245 1% LS11 13 L0197 60
LM308T % NE565A 120 UAA1003 3 935 1473 26 Ì4C373 240 1.512 13 LS200 275
l M311 70 5E566 1% ULN2003 % 7474 20 /4C374 245 LS13 20 LS202 275
SILVER MICA (Values in oF) 2, 3-3,4.7, RAM 1M318N NE56/V
150 140 ULN2004 90 74/5 40 /4C922 L514 34 15221 55
6.8, 8.2, 10, 12, 15, 18, 22, 27, 33, 39, COMPUTER 1M319 215 NE5/0 410 UW2283 100 7476 30 LS15 13 LS240 65
47, 50, 56,68, 75, 82, 85, 100, 120, 150, FOR
180pF 159 each; ICs 1126/ 800 AY 1 50011 99 LM324A 30 NE571 400 UPC575 350 /480 48 L520 13 L5241 65
200, 220, 250, 270, 300, 330, 360, 390,
BBC 82/1 136 AY 5051
1 160 1 M334Z % 5E55340 150 UPC1025H 375' 7481 120 LS21 13 LS242 65
1/02 350 8264 350 AY 11;/111 210 LM335Z 128 0M335 7% 1UPC1182 330 7482 % LS22 13 LS243 65
470, 600, 600, 820 21p each MICRO 161171:1' %0 8111:11140N 250 A Y 3 12/0 730 LM339 47 RC4136D 69 UPC1156H 290 7483 38 1.526 14 15244 60
1000, 1200, 1800, 2200 30p each X171i0 l M348 S566H
3300, 4700pF 609 each 4816AP 71111 7 150 99 AY 3 13511 350 64 225 UPC1366 195 7484 70 74L LS27 13 LS245 70
7114 4411,, % 617/ 150 AY 3 09111 438 1 M349 115 SAH32119 425 XR2706 300 7485 60 74L00 % LS28 14 L5247 50
10Ons 21141 :11111,, 80 81780 120 8.410 I,a 89111 M358 80 5A032111 325 X0220/ 375. /486 20 /4L04 % L530 13 LS248 55
MINIATURE TYPE TR6AMIERS Capasltors 71141 71111 80 H1:1I 350 150 M3// 175 SA832/I 4% X112211 575 7489 2% 74L30 50 LS32 13 LS249 55
28pF, 2-10pF 22p; 2-25pF, 6-60pF 30p; 714/ 425 H1!15N 90 AY 3 8912 625 M3 /9 480 SAH4N19 5% XR2216 675 /490 20 74147 380 L533 16 LS251 30
1088pF 36p 225p 75:12 4á11n 350 11I9 /KI 90 AY 5 11311 450 I M380 75 SG34112 295 XR2240 120 7491 35 14175 145 1.537 15 LS253 35
7!,1;4 1'12 9364 AP 550 AY5131/A 630 M381N 145 5L490 350 XR2266 360 /492 25 74L85 349 LS38 16 LS257 35
!1602 % M382 55/601135 350
RESISTORS - Carbon Film High 2/118 225
AIMAI
AY 5 1350
AY 5 3500
388 1
M384
115
140 SN/61113 350
25414
25419E
80 7493 25 /41121 165 LS40
1542
13 L5258 35
Stability. Miniature Tolerance 6%. 2/11i /(V 215 1,311: 125 350 1
190. 7494 35 74L123 325 % LS259 58
2/:17 4!,11,, 380 AM161 5320 125 AY541X1/D 520 I M386 90 S5/61118 148 05423E 135 7495 35 LS47 36 15260 22
RANGE VAL 1-99 100+ /1,4 f11 AY :( 11115 300 AY 5 8110 775 IM38/ 120 SN/60235 350 25424E 130 7496 40 LS48 45 ,LS261 138
402/ AY 5 1111:1 M389 95 55 /602351) 240 05425E LS266
1
1/4W 2.211-4MÌ E24 26 Ip 190 300 C:A3111 130 1
345 7497 90 1S49 50 20
1:2W 2.211-4M7 E12 2p 1p 4111, 1510, 75 AY 5 2:l/6 600 (:A3012 175 1 M393 100 55/60335 350 25426E 300 74100 % LS51 14 LS273 60
1W 2.211-4M7 E12 6p 4p 4111, 701,, 70 :UM11111 / 275 C:A3014 275 IM/75CN 325 SN/61155 215 0542/E 600 74104 50 LS54 14 LS275 225
2% Metal Film 524 Sp 46 4118 7511 325 301%1 Hi 700 CA3018 % IM/33 70 SN/6131 125 25428E 410 74105 % t S55 14 LS279 30
101. Metal Film E24 86 Sp 411,4l110 480 1MH 1:11 275 (:A31119 60 M145 45 SN/627/N 96 ZN429E 210 14107 20 1S63 120 LS280 130
41'14 3 I MO( 1S:112115 320 (:A311711 210 I MI8/1 325 55/64// 420 25459 570 /4109 25 1.573 18 LS283 40
RESISTORS Network S.I.L. 2% 7114 :l 325 11.881 ti 1711N 275 CA3p23 210 M291/ 1% 55/6488 480 ZN1034E 200 74110 35 LS74 18 LS290 45
7 Communed: (B pins) 10011, 6800, 1K lol6 11111,,:; 225 U1//1 118 C:A31118A 95 513307 75 SN/6660 120 051040E 675 74111 56 746 LS75 20 LS293 40
2k2, 417, 10K, 47K, 100K 269 41164 164K 490 DI /91 (28 CO3I13!, 255 I M39011 50 SP8629 299 ZNA234E 850. /4112 170. 74000 38 L576 18 LS295 %
8 Commoned: (9 pins) 1500, 1800, .,1111 4m) 220 III PH 130 CA30311 270 1M39119N % TA/210 150 74116 50 SO2 00 L578 18 LS298 85
2700, 33011, 1K, 2k2, 4K7, 10K, 22K, 6111i 11,16,ti 390 1)1/16, 130 (:0304:1 275 M391 125TA/204 200 74118 60 S03 00 LS83 35 LS299 190
47K, 100K 289. 011111 550 UI/!1/ 135 1031145 3% LM3914 180TA/205 90 /4119 60 SO4 40 1585 52 LS300 175
1 1/ I llOn
1 490 MIi4117 380 CÁ31146 70 1.513916 200 TA/205A 225 74120 60 005 00 LS86 16 LS302 175
61417(:1'1I 325 0158111005 1050 (.A31146 220 1643916 220 TA/722 150 /4121 SO8 00 LS90 25 LS320 270
DIODES BRIDGE 600 NSN15401 110 I.A31109 285 LM13600 110 IA/310 160
25
S20 00 LS91 80 LS323 1%
00119 15
65113 74122 40
A01Ì!1 20
RECTI. 111,114 71,11 550 M(:1468 % CA311/5 213 LS/220 2130 7406210X1 295 74123 40 S32 70 LS92 32 L5324 168
000.10 FIERS 6511!, 600 M1:1416I 55 (:03118111 70 M252AA 625 TAA661A 190 74125 35 574 00 LS93 26 LS325 295
15
101141 In V 60711110 115 M(:144 I1 690 CA31181 190 M25300 1150 TAA700 275 74126 36 586 00 1595 40 LS326 240
15 18
AX1.1 20 IA IOIIV 20 6!,71 115 6(:14412 790 CA3(180 48 M515131 230 TAA900 3% TTL74 74128 35 S112 00 1S96 % LS327 240
I0/41111V 25 6577VIA 300 MC3441i 761 :030811E 215 M515151 320 700100 159 7400 11 74132 30 S114 00 LS107 40 LS347 96
1011X1 24
101Ì1i 10/11011V 34
75 SERIES 617:III 111 M(::144/F' 315 :A31091A0 375 M515161 475 71301205 70 7401 11 74136 28 S132 110 LS109 28 1S348 125
(112/
12
12 2A/!,11V 30
/5111/ o 95 Ii5:i711H1111 570 MK31186 2M n :031231 150 MB3/12 220 7BA5400 275 7402 11 74141 56 S133 00 15112 28 LS352 88
/51 I1, 90 Ii5461111: 889 MMI/112A 300 :031311 90 MB3/56 440 7805500 330 7403 12 74142 175 S138 180 LS113 22 LS353 88
1111:1.1 250 70/710V 40
/5114 ', T8A641BX 7404
íA9 20/41%)V 46
150 II55101:10 650 MM5781111 6% :A31411 40 MC1204 250 13 74143 210 S157 00 LS114 22 L5362 750
49
IA4 / 70/I011V /!,171 7 130 115!171'(: 1'20 MM681/4 695 :031611 96 MC1301 79 or 8%11 290 7405 15 74144 210 0158 210 1.0122 36 L5363 150
12 % /515 'A3161 MC1303 TBA651 7406
,A/II 12 GA/ 100V U 125 I;N101 275 MM/4(:!121 420 160 88 1% 20 74145 50 S188 00 10123 36 L5364 150
,A/!1 IiA/400V /51!,4 150 1í1R17 335 HU321,1:(L 700 :A31671 0.50 MC1304P 260 TBA800 80 7407 20 74147 90 S189 158 15124 90 LS365 30
15 95
/AMI 20 IiArllXlv 125
/1,1117 1 99 1663 %0 R03751:LU 650 'A3189 200 MC1310P 150 TBA810 % 7408 14 /4148 70 S194 320 10125 24 L5366 30
IIIA 71111V /1,106 9 55 6804 /60 SF F90341 800 I01336W 240 MC1445 250 T8A820 Cl) 7409 14 /4150 50 S195 795 L5126 25 LS367 30
1081( 1 215
10161 IIIA I600V .Z981!,A
/5377 140 1;H115 670 1MSI/10:1V 725 101388 255 MCI45106 695 T8A9200 200 7410 14 74151 40 5201 320 LS132 40 L5368 40
/1,374 360 6808 520 IMS6011 365 Cl /106 750 MC1458 35 TBA950 300 7411 16 74153 40 S225 510 LS133 30 L5373 65
íA!11 ;1111V 240 CL/10/ MC1469
1011!, 25A 61111V 3% /53111 .1 150 1(8119 820 UL 52003 90 975 300 T1309900 350 7412 18 74154 56 S241 390 LS136 24 LS374 %
10100 110164 56
/1,:165 150 68111 115 UPD/1812 440 CL/611 99- MC1494 694 TBA540 275 7413 18 74155 40 S251 70 LS138 32 LS375 43
107117 VM IH UII 50
/54511 % 1,X711 115 I80CPU1.5 299 -I /660 190 MCI495 360 l'CA220 350 7414 24 74156 40 S257 00 1.5139 32:. L5377 70
5114
/5451 Ì 52 6112 115 780ACPU 4M 350 CLII038CC MC1496L
300 70 TCA2700 350 7416 20 74157 30 5262 860 L5145 70 1S378 60
/541,4 85 6,840 395 280CTC 265 CL8211A 150 MC1596 225 TCA940 175 7417 20 74159 80 S287 300 15147 150 LS379 65
51111
/.,4.11 % 280A CTS 290 CM/204 550 MC1648 290. 7CA965 120 7420 15 S288 210 LSI48 15384
144001 Ì .
11843
ILH4!,
112
720 ZBII DART 4% CM/205A 1150 MC1709G 90 7001004 290 7421 20
74265 %
3289 195
73
LS385
395
250
541517 74273 150 L5151 40
1441914 5
ZENERS 604., 6% Z811A 1701/11 550 M7201 475 MC3302 90 TDA1008 310 7422 20 74276 120 5301 00 LS153 40 LS390 50
541816 / H.Il ul 7V/ 0:
SCR
liH4 / 850 0811 DMA 895 CM/215 1050 MC3340P 120 TDA1010 198 7423 20 74278 100 3412 00 15155 35 LS393 45
54148
.10V 41111111W 601,11 135 7811 PIO 260 CM/210AJ 1950 MC3360P 1201 TDA1022 499 7425 24 74279 50
3470 325 15156 36 LS395 125
8p each THYRISTORS 6852 255 78110 PIO 275 l'M/2108 1950 MC3401 % TDA1024 420 7426 28 74283 50
5471 620 LS157 26 5399 175
1454111 1
Muse( .IV) 6, SA 411V 32 68/5 500 ¿811 S1(1 I 850 CM/216C 1950 MC3403 75 TDA1034 350 7427 22 74284 198 5472 1150 LS158 30 15445 100
Ná4114
554111;
1
1
.1,1V 1 ,1W !,A 41111V 40 /41:927 420 78110 0111 980 CM72I/A 790 MC3405 150 TDA1490 325 7428 26 74285 199 5475 825 LS160 35 L5471 620
15p auch 106101V 48 HI180A 260 CM7224 7% MC3423 180 TDA2002 325 7430 14
74290 105 5571 620 1S161 35 5490 200
Ná11111 1
8A 31111V 60 810150 450 CM7240 300 MC4016 00 TDA2004 495 7432 22 74293 LS162 % L5541 120
544 125
HA 600V 90 812.1 125 1:M7555 80 MFC6040 75 TDA2020 320 7433 22 74297 236 15163 35 LS640 180
0!121
120 1111V 78 8155 420 CM7556 150 MK50398 636 TDA2030 2% 7437 25 74298 L.S164 40 LS641 180
60 1101V 40 7438
100
124400V 95 0111091, 85 A3350 250 ML924 275 TDB0701 420 25 74351 1% 1.5165 55 LS645 180
6A 4181V 50 TRIACS 7440
120 800V 188 H1LS!lli % A4031P 340 MM5303 635 7L170 50 15
/4365 55 ;.5166 % LS668 125
6A HI111V 65 700V
:1A 54 HT1118 150 81159/ 85 1A4032 295 MM5307 1275 TL061CP 40 7441 68 74366 56 LS168 84 15669 120
17141111V 56 Hllili 180 811098 85 LINEAR ICs LA4400 440 MM5387A 475 TL062CP 60 7442 32 74367 56
I.S170 75 10670 150
HA 11111V 60 CI1160 38 82112 125 555CM05 80 LC7I30 340 MSM5526 820 TL064CN 98 7443 90 74368 % LS173 66 15673 550
NOISE HA 41111V 69 TICA4 24 8212 150 /02 75' LC/120 300 NE515 275 TL071CP 24 7444 90 LS174 50
74390 99
Diode HA 8011V 115 TI1:45 29 8214 425 /09 14 pn, 40 LC7137 395 NE529 225 TL072CP 45 7445 % 74393 99 74LS 15175 45
25.1 195p 120 1II0V 78 TIC4/ 35 8210 300 /09C8 wn 36 LF347 150 NE531 140 TL074CN 100 7446 60 74490 % L500 11 LS181 96
12A 4181V 82 255062 32 6216 70 111 48 LF351 48 NE534 150 TL081CP 24 7447 40 LS01 11 1S183 180
VARICAPS
12A 8181V 135 255004 38 8224 180 /4189 14 1E353 % NE543K 225 TL082CP 45 7448 45 L502 11 LS190 45
001112
16A 1110V 103 25444.1 130 8226 250 /4/C 14 on % 1F355 % NE544 210 TLO83CP 75 7450 16 LSO3 12 10191 45
50 16441111V 105 7480 8 pin TL084CN 7451 16 LS192
8220 250 38 LF356 95 NE555 18 90 L504 12 46
8011150 40 160 800V TL091CP
220 /538 1F357 110 NE556 55 7453 LS05 LS193
681181
11111096
40
45
25V 510V
200 8110V
220
DIAC
11251
8253
320
799 810
940/0.1
0:1 185
159 LF398 475 5E560
45
325 L'012240
UA78540
120 7454
7460
16
16 74C L508
13
12 LS194
LS195
45
35
MVAM2
295 8255 295 350 LMIO 325 NE561 398 230 16 LS09 12 35
1% ST2 UAA170 '470 4:V:4 .5196
12811011 120 8251: 135, AY 1 1320 225 LM301A0 24 NE562B 410 170 35 1% LS10 13 45

VO Board 175 IDC CONNECTORS PANEL RELAYS
SWITCHES DIL SWITCHES VEROBOARD 01 in
TOGGLE 2A. 250V (SPST) 4 way 70p: 6 way 85p; clad plain
DIP Board 386 PCB Plugs Reeder PCB METERS Miniature, enclosed. PCB mount
Vero Strip 144 cairn talc Sabel Pins
FSD
SPST 33p 19010 1450. 212 314 80p 65p Pine n ins Argl series.
60 x 46 x 35mm JutPCRL6O
DPDT 44p (SPDT( 4 wa p. 212.5 91p - Sur Angie S
SUB -MIN TOGGLE

ROTARY SWITCHES: 334.334 91p - PROTO DEC5 2 x 5 way
2 x 8 way
90p
130p
99p
150p 110p
85p 860
78p
0-50µA
0-100µA RL6-01 17011 cod, 7V5 to 12V DC:
210p
(Adjustable Stop type) 334 5 106p 87p Veroblock 375p 0-500µA 380V/6A AC; 1300VA/50W
SPST on /off 54p
pole/2 to 12 way. 2p/2 to 6 way: 334 17 380p 232p S -Dec 350p 2.10 way 145p 166p 125p
OPCO
SPDT cover 600
SPOT centre off 85p
1
3 pole/2 to 4 way: 4p/2 to 3 way 450 434.17 470p -

50p
Eurobreadboard 520p 2 x 13 way 175p
2 x 17 way 205p
2013p
236p
150p
169p
1110p
1359
0-1 mA
0-5mA 4311coil. 4V7 -7V DC. 250V AC. 5A:
Pkt of 100 pins Bimboard 1 575p 1100VA/150W
SPOT biased both ROTARY: Mains DP 250V 4 Amp 2 .20 way 250p 190p 150p 0-10mA
Spot face cutter 136p Superstrip SS2 1350p 22op
0-50mA RL6-111 17011 coil. 8V -14V: 250V AC
ways 105p on/off 569 Pin insertion tool 1780 2 x 25 way 235p 270p 200p 175p "A
DPDT 61ags 75p
ROTARY: (Mak-a-switch) DALO ETCH
2 x 30 way - - 230p 220p 0-100mA
0-500mA RL6-114 74011 coil. 17V5.29V 250V
DPDT centre off 88p VERO WIRING liA AC 222p
DPDT biased both Make a multiway switch Shafting as- 340p RESIST PEN 0-1A
PEN + Spool
ways 1450 sembly has adjustable stop. Accom- 75p Sparetip 90p 0-2A
Spare Spool
DPDT 3 positions modates up to 6 wafers
Combs 60 EURO CONNECTORS 0-25V
on/on/on 185p (max. 6 pole/12 way - DP switch). Fe i, Srx.ili Male Plug 0-50V AC PIEZO TRANSDUCERS
Mechanism only 90p FERRIC CHLORIDE ULTRASONIC Sm Agie Sui Aigle 0-300V AC
3 -pole 2 way 205p
Pin, Pirn
WAFERS: (make before break) to fit 1 its bag Anhydrous TRANSDUCER Pins Pins
Type P13.2720 55e
SUDE 250V: 40KHz 328 pr 01541617
the above switch mechanism. 1950 + 50p P&P
DPDT 14 lip pole/12 way; 2 pole/6 way: 3 pole/4
1
31way 160p 195p 495p each
DPDT 1Ac/off 15p way. 4 pole/3 way; 6p/2 way 56p
01641612
DPDT1TA 13p Mains DP 4A Switch to fit 45p
COPPER CLAD BOARDS 2420+8 300p 315p 2355p 295p
CRYSTALS BUZZERS, miniature. solid-state
Spacers 4p. Screen Sp Fibre Single- Double- S.R. B.P 01641612 6V: 9V & 12V 70p
2x32 A.0 32.768KHz 100
glass sided sided 9.5 x85. 350p 355p Fop 3í0p
10OKHz 236
PUSHBUTTON SA 90p 110p gyp 016416123.32
1
x 6-
'
ROCKER: 5A/250V SPST 28p 6 200KHz 288
with 10m Button ROCKER. 10A/250V SPDT 360 6 - 12 150p 1950 A.B.0 Shp 393p 260p 370p LOUDSPEAKERS
455KH 370
SPDT latching 99p ROCKER: 10A/250V DPDT c/off 95p 275 Miniature.0.3W:
DPDT latching 145p
SPOT moment 99p
ROCKER: 10A/250V DPST with neon
85p
DIL SOCKETS
Low Wire
EDGE
CONNECTORS DIL PLUG (Headers)
008 275 tin, 3' In. 2im. 3in
81!
1.28MHz 392 lin 640 or 801f 80p

DPDT moment 145p THUMBWHEEL Mini front mounting Prof. Wrap
1 .156 RIBBON CABLE Solder IDC 2 4011,
x15 way 140p .6MHz 396
price par foot
1
220p 2 14 pin 990
Mini Nor Locking Decade Switch Module Spin
-
44P 1.8NHz 396
276p 2 x 18 way 180p 145p Grey Color 16 pin 106F ASTEC UHF MODULATORS
Push to Make 15p B.C.D. Switch Module 14pin 35p 2.22 way 199p 2009 1.8432M 200
Mounting Cheeks (per pair) 760 10 way 12p 22p 24 pin 178p 2500
Push to Break 25p 16pin
18pin
10p
16p
42p
52p 2.23 way210p - 16 way 18p 320 40 pin 260p 2f+5D
2.0MHz
2.4576M
225
200
Standard 6MHz
Wideband8MHz 4260
2 . 25 way 225p 220p 20 way 25p 400
JUMPER LEADS (Ribbon Cable Assembly)
2opin
22Pin
22p
250 70p 2.28 way 210p - 24 way 36p 50p ZIF DIL
3.278M
3.5794M
150
96
Eli Length 14 pin 16 pin 24 pin 40 pin 25p 70p 2 .30 way246p 34 way 48p 60p SOCKETS 3.6864M 300
PROJECTS Single ended DIP (Header Plug) Jumper 28pin 280 80p 2 x 36 way 295p 40 way 560 750 24 pin 575p
4.0MHz 150 'WEMON' New Version
We stock 24 inches 145p 186p 240p 3800 2 x 40 way 315p 50 way 859 90p 28 pin 820
most of Double ended DIP (Header Plug) Jumper
40Pin 30p 99p 2 .43 way 3950 64 way 135p 1/Op 40 pin 9750
4.032MHz 290 WATFORD'S
the parts 6 inches 185p 205p 300p 465p 2 x 75 way 560p 4.80MHz 280 Ultimate Monitor IC
4.194304M 200
12 inches 198p 215p 315p 490p
Soldercon 4.433619M 100
24 inches 210p 216p 3460 540p ANTEX SOLDERING IRON Pins 5.0MHz 180 A 4K Monitor chip specially designed
36 inches 230p 250p 375p 5%p C -15W 450p CX17W 475p D CONNECTORS: Miniature 5.185MHz 300 to produce the best from your. Super -
IDC Header Socket Jumper Leads 24" CX25W 500p 100 pins way) 5way25way37way
CCN -15W 496p 9 524288M 390 board Series & II, Enhanced Super.
I
20 pin 26 pin 34 pin 40 ..m 86p 70p

Spare tips, assorted sizes
500 pins
Plugs 140 board & UK701. As reviewed by Dr A.
Single ended 160p 200p 260M 300p Spare Elements 210p Seder lugs Sop pi 1600 25op A Berk in Practical Electronics. June
525p 3250 6.144MHz 150
Double ended 2900 370p 4a0p Iron stand with sponge 186p Angle Pins 1800 2100 2500 3660 225 1981.
6.5536MHz
W/Wrap 150 Only £10. 50p P&P
AMPHENOL PLUGS IEEE (24 way) 575p Pins 120p 130p 195p 295p 7.168MHz 250
Lentronic parallel 136 way) 550p CA3085 95p
VOLTAGE REGULATORS LM300H 170p Sockets 7.68MHz 200
LM304H 170p Solder lugs two 169p 210p 350p 8.0MHz 160
TRANSFORMERS: Prim.24av + ve
LM305H 140p
Angled Pins 165p 215p 290p 440p 3%
6-0-6V; 90.9V; 12-0-12V 100mA 98p 1A T03 Metal case e
LM309K 135p W/Wrap
150p 180p 240p 4209
8.86723M 175 BBC MICRO
5V 7805 145p 7905 220p Pins 9.00MHz 150
pch mounting. Miniature, Split Bobbin 12V 7812 1469 7912 220p
LM317K
LM317KP
350p
99p Cevar. 100p 95p 100p 110p 10.0MHz 176 UPGRADE
3VA: 2x6V-0.25A; 2x9V-0.15A; 2x12V-0.12A; 15V 7815 145p 7915 220p
LM317H 280p 10.24MHz 200 (Our BBC Micro Upgrade Kits will
2x15V-0.1A 200p 18V 7818 146p LM323K 500p 10.7 150 save you Esss...1
EVA: 2x6V 0.5A; 2x9V-0.3A: 2x12V-0.25A; 1A T0220 Plastic 12.0NHz 175 £18
2x15V-0.2A 270p casing
LM325N 240p
300
16K Memory I8 x 4816AP1
5V 7805 40p 7905 45p LM326N 240p 25 way'D' CONNECTOR 14.31814M 170 Printer User I/0 Port Kit £8.20
Standard Split Bobbin type: LM337 175p Jumper Lead Cable Assembly 12
(P/A: 2x-6V-0.5A; 2x9V-0 4A; 2x12V-0.3A; 12V 7812 40p 7908 800
LM723 35p 16.0MHz 200 SK10 with 36" Cable
18" long. Single end, Male 5609
2x15V-0.25A 2200 15V 7815 40p 7912 45p
TAA550 50p 18" long. Single end, Female 570p
18.OMHz 180 Complete Printer Cable 36" £13
12VA: 2x4.5V-1.3A; 2x6V-1A; 2x9V-0.6A; 18V 7818 40p 7915 46p
TBA6258 75p 18.432M 150 SK9 with 36" Cable ££3
24V 7824 40p 7918 46p 36" long. Double Ended, M/M 101250
200
2x12V-0.5A; 2x15V-0.4A; 2x20V-0.3A
7924 60p
TDA14/2 150p 36' long, Double Ended, F/F 1050p 19.968MHz 150
Disc Interface Kit
295p (35p p&p) 78H05 r 5V/5A 36" long, Double Ended, M/F 9%p Analogue 1/0 Kit £6.75
24VA: 2x6V-1.5A; 2x9V 1.2A; 2x12V-tA; 100mA TO92 Plastic 550p 24.0MHz 170
casing 326 Serial I/O Kit £7.50
2x15V-0.8A; 2:20V -0.6A 3300160p p&p) 78H12 r 12V/5A
'
£6.50
50VA: 2x6V 4A; 2x9V 2.5A; 2x12V-2A; 2x15V- 5V 78L05 30p 79L05 60p 580p 26 69M 150 Expansion Bus Kit
1.5A; 2:20V 1.2A; 2:25V -1A; 2x30V0.8A 6V 78L62 30p 27.648M 170 SK11 with Cable 36" £3
486p I60p p&p) BV 76L82 30p
78HG i 5V to
SA
25V
599p
i
ZX81 16K RAM PACK 27 145M 190
SK12 with Cable 36" £3.75
12V 78L12 30p 79L12 60p 38.66667M 175
100VA: 2x12V-4A: 2x15V-3A; 2x20V-2.5A;
30p 79L15 60p 79HG-2.25V ro Fully built & tested. Plugs 48.0MHz 170 Range of Connectors & Cables
2e25V-2A: 2x30V-1.5A; 2x50V-1A 9213p (75p ISV 78L15 24V5A 7B5p
p&p charge to be added otter and above our nor-
straight onto ZX81 100.0MHz 255 available. Send SAE for list
mal postal the gel. Only £16.99 116.0MHz 250
CMOS 4075 15 4539 110

WATFORD'S BOOKSHOP CORNER
4076 46 4541 140
4000
4001
10
10 4077 18 4543 80 OPTO ELEC- COMPUTER CORNER 6502 Applications Book 1020
4002 12 4078 18 4544 150 TRONICS EPSON MX8OT Printer 10" Tractor Feed, 9 x 9 matrix, 80 col- 6502 Assembly Lang. Programming 1250
4006 50 4081 16 4549 375 LEDs with Clips umn, Speed 80 cps, Bidirectional, Centronics interface, Baud 6502 Assembly Lang. Subroutine 1200
4007 15 4082 16 4553 245 TIL209 Red 11 rate 110-9600 (RS232) £255 950
4085 50 4554 190 6502 Software Design
4008 48 TIL211 Gm 14 1240
4009 24 4086 52 4555 35 TIL212 yel. 14 EPSON MX8OFT/3 Printer Tractor & Friction Feed. Has high Programming & Interfacing 6502
Programming the 6502 1120
4010 24 4909
4093
125 4556 36 TIL220 .2" Red 12 resolution bit image graphics. Subscript & Superscript. Italics & 1350
4011 11 26 4557 320 .2" Green, Yellow or Underlining facility plus all the MX80T's features £325 6809 Assembly Lang. Programming
4012 4094 120 4558 120 1290
16
4095 75 4560 160
Amber 14 68K Assembly Lang. Programming
4013 25
4014 50 4046 70 4561 104
0.2" Bi colour MX100 132 Column plus all the features of MX8OFT3. Value for 68K Microprocessor Handbook 790
Red/Green 65 £489 850
4015 50 4097 290 4562 4% Green/yellow 78 money 8080/Z80 Assembly Lang. Techniques
4098 75 4566 8060 Primer 850
4016
4017
20
4099 110 4568
165
250
0.2" Tri colour SEIKOSHA GP100A Uni -hammer Printer, gives normal and dou- Acorn Atom - Getting Acquainted 800
ble width characters as well as dot resoluuion graphics. 10" Trac-
38 Red/Green/Yellow 85
4018 46 4160 95 4569 175 Hi-Brightness Red 59 Apple Basic: Data File Program 990
4161 99 4572 30 tor feed. Parallellntface Standard £185
4019 25 LED 2" red 56 1250
4020 60 4162 99 4580 460 Apple II User's Guide
Square LEDs, Red, Fully 1090
4021 50 4163 99 4561 250 Green, yellow 30 VIDEO MONITOR 9", B&W, Attractively cased, Apple Machine Language
4022 50 4174 09 4582 99 guaranteed. Value for money at. £69 Beneath Apple DOS (Version 3.31 1250
Rectangle Stackable
4023 16 4175 105 4583 99 LEDs Your Atari Computer 400/800 1250
4024 32 4194 105 4584 48 Red, Green or yell 18 ZENITH 12" Green Screen MONITOR £85 Illustrating Basic 390
4025 16 4408 790 4585 99 Triangular LEDs 650
4409 790 4597 330
Basic Computer Games
4026
4027
80
4410 725 4598 290
Red 18
SOFTY -2 As reviewed in PE Sept'81 by Dr A. A. Berk. The com- More Basic Computer Games 690
24 Green or yellow 22
4028 50 4411 675 4599 290 LD271 Infra Red 46 plete microprocessor development system for Engineers and A Bit of Basic 590
4029 40 4412 775 40085 90 SFH2O5 Detector 118 beginners alike. New powerful instructions. Accepts any 24 pin 5V Basic Concepts (2nd Ed. r 1200
4030 30 4415 480 40097 46 TIL32 letra Red 58 single rail EPROM. Supplied fully built, tested. Enclosed in a black Basic Programs for Sci/Eng 1220
4031 125 4419 280 40098 193 TIL78 Detector ABS case. Plug-in power supply included r Free 2532.._ _ ...f169
4032 90 4422 770 40100 215
60 Basic Programming on BBC Micro 690
TIL38 46 550
4433 770 30 hour BASIC BBC Computer
4033 125 40101 130 TIL100 80 TEX EPROM ERASER Erases up to 32 ICs in 15-30 minutes f33
4034
4035
140
%
4433
4435
770
850
40102
40103
140
i75
BARGRAPH. lied 10
segments 215
TEX EPROM ERASER with a safety .. .... ._540 switch...... Practical Programs/BBC & Atom
C Programming Language
690
1300
4036 275 4440 999 40104 ISOLATORS TEX LHASEH plus our Solid State ELECTRONIC TIMER £44 .
CBASIC User's Guide 1200

4037 110 4450 350 40105 110 IL74 56 1220
4038 110 4451 350 40106 46 ILD74 99 ELECTRONIC TIMER, Solid state, 15-30 min. Connects directly CP/M Handbook with MP/M
Osborne CP/M User Guide 1200
4039 290 4490 360 40107 60 IL074 185 to above Erasers. Protects your expensive Chips from overcook- 900
4040 50 4500 675 40108 460 TIL111/2/4 90 ing. Our timer pays for itself in no time _......_. ....... £15 Using CP/M: Self Teaching Guide
4041 60 4501 28 40109 100 TIL117 125 Interfacing/S100 (IEEE 6961 Mcs 1130
4042 46 4502 80 40110 300 4533 Photo 1040
4503 40 SPARE 'UV' Lamb bulb .-. f8 Intro to Pascal 2nd edition
4043 50 40114 240 Darlington 135 790
4044 4504 75 40161 194 5V /5A Power Supply Ready -built & tested 125 Pascal from Basic
4045
50
105 4506 35 40163 %
7 Segment
TIL307
Dieplaya
675 Pet & IEEE 488 Bus - 1250
4046 % 4507 36 40174 % TIL312 .3" CA Pet/CBM Personal Computer Guide 1150
4047 50 4508 130 40175 75 TIL313 .3" CC
105
115
MULTIRAIL POWER SUPPLY. Especially designed for Micros. Programming the Pet/CBM 1590
Tested output: 5V; 25V at 5A; r 12V, 12V, 5V at A £37
4510 TIL321 5" CA r 1
4048 40 46 40181 220 115
i
1000
4511 46 40182
VIC Revealed
4049 25 90 TIL322 .5" CC 115 195
4512 50 40192 90 Learn Computer Prog. with VIC
4050
4051
25
45 4513 199 40193 68
DL704 .3" CC
DL707 3" CA
99
99
ABS CASE Attractive, Beige/Brown for Superboard, UK101
£26
S100 & other Micro Buses 2e - 790
4052 60 4514 115 40194 90 FN D357 Red 120
NASCOM, or HOme brew (please state) Programming the Z80 - 3e 1250
4053 50 4515 115 40195 72 FN0500 115 280 Assem. Lang. Programming 1250
4054 85 4516 55 40244 195 .3" Green CA 150 Stack -Pak Drawers including 10 , C12 Cassettes. 550p
Z80 Assem. Lang. Program. /Student 570
4055 85 4517 275 40245 195 .6" Green CA 215 C12 CASSETTES in library cases._ _. 40p
4518 40257 Z80 User's Manual 1250
4056 % 40 195 .3"±1 Red CA 150 8}" Fan Fold paper (500 sheets) E5
4067 1915 4519 30 40373 240 ZX81 Basic Book 600
.3" + 1 Green CA 150
9;" Fan Fold paper (500 sheets) __ _. E5
4059 480 4520 50 40374 245 DVM176 18855 Not only 30 progm/ZX81 1K 700
4060 80 4521 110 LCD 31 Digits 495 Mastering Machine Code ZX81 750
4061 2295 4522 125
4062 995 4526 70 OPTO
LCD 4 Digits
LCD 6 Digits
330
625
FLOPPY DISC DRIVES Explorer's Guide to ZX81 550
4527 66 LS400C 255 TEAC Single FD -50A Cased with PSU £180 Byteing Deeper Into yr ZX81 640
4063 % Rectangular, nut fixing
4066 30 4528 70 OCP71 120
Red, Amber, Green 30p TEAC Twin FD -50A Cased with PSU £335 Peek Poke Byte & RAM IZX81 1K I 500
66
4067 245 4529 150 ORP12
% REFLECTIVE Optical TEAC Single FD -50E 80 track cased with PSU £238 Sinclair ZX81 Prog. / Real Applic 790
4530 90 ORP61
4068 18
2N5777 45
Switch type TIL139 170p APPLE II Interface card for abcve £35 Texas TTL Data Book (revised edition) 935
4069 16 4531 130 SLOTTED Optical 980
4532 70 BPX25 1% TTL Cook -Book
4070 15 Switch similar to RS 950
4071 15 4534 455 270 N.B. Our printer prices include FREE 500 Sheets of Paper European CMOS DataBook (Comprehensive)
Comp.'s 186p 1050
4072 16 4536 275 295
(p&p on most of the above items is extra) CMOS Cook -Book
4073 15 453R 90

11
IEEE PROGRAMMABLES from TIME
9814 IEEE PROGRAMMABLE VOLTAGE STANDARD
A higher performance voltage standard with 4 ranges from 0.1 volt to 10 volt output. Accuracy is 0.01% and
e the
resolution of setting is 1 in 200,000. Output resistance is less than 0.01 ohms, and output current adjustable
20mA-200mA. Temperature coeff is leas than 2OppmPC and long term stability better than 50ppm per year. Full
manual control is available via front panel controls. Available for benchtop use or 19" rack mounting.
e
9816 IEEE PROGRAMMABLE VOICE
A high quality speech synthesizer which has
a 280 word vocabulary. By suitable programming via the IEEE bus
it is possible to
output single words, phrases and sentences. The vocabulary has been chosen to be applicable
to many ATE applications.
III VIII
9815 IEEE PROGRAMMABLE SCREWDRIVER

The unit has been designed to overcome the problems of adjusting large numbers of multi -turn trimmers in
ATE systems. The screwdriver is fully programmable via the IEEE bus with 3 speeds of rotation and 2 selectable
r
torque values available. The unit is supplied complete with a flexible drive shaft and drill chuck into which
various adjusting tools can be located.
Min
9810 IEEE/PROGRAMMABLE POWER SUPPLY
V 0-33V in 0.1V steps. Local or remote (IEEE) operation. Fully programmable on the IEEE bus with 3 settable
current limits 1 mA, 10mA and 1.1A. A dual version of the 9810 is also available. The unit is 3 Euro units high and
....
standard 19" rack mounting width.
MOB
9812 IEEE PROGRAMMABLE SWITCH
.me 24 double pole changeover switches are available with full IEEE control. Each switch is rated at 1 Amp, 30V dc or
100V ac. Thermal emfs have been minimised to less than 1µV per switch. All outputs are on the rear panel along
with the IEEE address selector switch and bus connector. Manual control of the switches is also provided via a
set of front panel switches which also incorporate LED indicators.
0
9811 IEEE PROGRAMMABLE RESISTANCE
0-1Megohm in 1 Ohm steps, fully programmable via the IEEE bus. Accuracy is 0.1% over most of the resistance
range. Resistors are rated at watt each. An attractive feature is the option to switch to local operation when the
1
output resistance can be set up manually via front panel switches.
Peg TIME ELECTRONICS LTD, Botany Industrial Est.,Tonbridge, Kent, England TN9 1 RS. Tel 10732) 355993. Telex: 95481 Pe
STABILIZER 4
The Stabilizer isa high quality frequency shifter for howl reduction on speech and music. It
THE COTSWOLD variable shifts ether up or down between 1 end 10 Hem so allowing choice of the optimum offers
shift
for the particular acoustics and sound sources involved in each installation. Rack and box ver-
"BUDGET RANGE" OFFERS sions.
+6 Hz RXED SHIFT CIRCUIT BOARDS as WW July 1973 artIele but improved noise level, lower
BUILT-IN QUALITY COUPLED dtstortlon, adjustment -free oscillator end IC sockets: Merk 4. Smell enough to be built inside the
cabinets of many amplifiers. Complete kit and board E40. Board built and aligned E641.Including
TO A RELIABLE psu end mains transformer. DESIGNER APPROVED. C.W.O. less 5% + V.A.T. 15%.
DELIVERY SERVICE Stereo Disc Amplifier 3 and 4 10 Outlet Distribution Amplifier PPM2 and PPM3 Drive
end Ernest Turner Movements Circuits
Illuminated PPM Boxes Peak Deviation Meter Programme
MOST TYPES and Deviation Chart Recorders
30MHz.
Moving Coil Preamplifier Broadcast Monitor Receiver 150kHz-
FROM STOCK SURREY ELECTRONICS LTD., The Forge, Lucks Green, Cresleigh, Surrey GUS 78G
TNphone: 0453 278997
TV TUBE REBUILDING
Faircrest Engineering Ltd. manufacture a comprehensive
PHONE range of equipment for processing all types of picture tubes,
TELEX, WRITE colour and mono. Standard or custom built units for estab-
FOR DATA SHEET lished or new businesses. We export world-wide and have an
excellent spares service backed by a strong technical team.
AND PRICE LIST
Full training courses are individually tailored to customers
Budget Range Stockist requirements.
BARRIE ELECTRONICS LTD.
3 The Minories, London EC3N 1BJ. 01-488 3316
For full details of our service contact Neil Jupp
Cotswold Electronics LTD.

FAIRCREST ENGINEERING LTD.
Unit Tt, Kingsville Road, Kingsditch Trading Estate, Cheltenham GL51 9NX
Tel: 0242-41313 Telex: 897106 4 Union Road, Croydon, CR0 2XX
01-684 1422/01-684 0246

HANDSOME!
First there was the 130. A handheld D.M.M. which still sets the standards our competitors strive to match.
Next came the 131. The introduction of the 135 saw 41/2 digits on a handheld D.M.M. for the very
first time.
And that same commitment to innovation has resulted in the latest additions to the range. The Keithley
128 D.M.M. with audio -tone and 870 Digital Thermometer with centigrade and fahrenheit readout.
The result is an unrivalled selection of handheld measuring devices. Each specification carefully
matched to a given need. With performance that looks pretty good on paper. And even better in the field!
Model 135
Model 128/ s marts wzwanw

_ Model 131
Model 870 ,
,, ` --- .t ./ / Model 130
Model 870 0.025% accuracy Centigrade and fahrenheit readout Measures up to1370°C
C.1 resolution up to 200 C
Model 128 Audio -tone with adjustable threshold 25 ranges: 5 functions 10 amp span
Model 135 0.05% accuracy Full overload protection ACU bandwidth to 20 KHz
Model 131 0.25% accuracy 25 ranges: 5 functions 10 amp span
Model 130 25 ranges: 5 functions 10 amp span 0.5% accuracy
All models are guaranteed accurate for one year. And built to the
high standards of quality expected of the Keithley name.
For rrore information simply fill in the coupon.
And learn about a range which will serve you ... handsomely!
KEITH LEY
Keithley Instruments Ltd
1 Boul-on Road Reading Berkshire RG2 ONL
Telephone (0734) 861287
Telex 847047
Also available from
I.T.T. hnstrument Services, Tel. Harlow 29522
Introducing two new
hand-held digital multimeters
28 Ranges, each with full
overload protection
NttlTs Ott `.{A
IS*. 10 amp AC/DC
wri,aioet-
-nv SPECIFICATION 6010 & 7030
M DC
( AC BATTERY: Single 9v dry cell. BATTERY LIFE: 200
zromu hours. DIMENSIONS: 170 x 89 x 38mm. WEIGHT:
400g inc. battery. MODE SELECT: Push button. AC DC
CURRENT: 200µA to 10A. AC VOLTAGE: 200mV to
,cell 2000ºS+
750V. DC VOLTAGE: 200mV to 1000V. RESISTANCE:
ºnoºa 200f1 to 20MSZ. INPUT IMPEDANCE: 10MS/. DISPLAY:
204v 31/2 Digit 13mm LCD. 0/LOAD PROTECTION: All
ranges.
OTHER FEATURES:
Auto polarity, auto zero, battery -low indicator, ABS
plastic case with tilt stand, battery and test leads
zoos= included, optional carrying case.
OOP
Please add 15% to your order for VAT. Postage and
MODEL 7030 r V packing is free of charge.
DC ACCURACY 0.1% Trade prices available on application.
£35.95 ARMON ELECTRONICS LTD.

Cottrell. House, 53-63 Wembley Hill Road
plus VAT Wembley, Middlesex HA9 8BH, England
Tel. 01-902 4321 (3 lines). Tix: No. 923985 id
Double Top
This new addition to the Eddystone range
of diecast boxes is supplied with
interchangeable deep or shallow, close -
fitting flanged lids giving flexibility of
application with minimum stocking.
Please write or telephone for details of
the new, versatile 10758P box. And ask
about the whole Eddystone range of
strong, lightweight, corrosion -resistant,
diecast aluminium boxes, water-resistant
boxes and moulded ABS plastic boxes,
in a range of sizes to meet a thousand
applications.
STOP PRESS!
The flexibility of deep/shallow and
base lids has now been extended
to a number of standard sizes.
Eddystone Radio Limited

Member of Marconi Communication Systems Limited
Alvechurch Road, Birmingham B31 3PP, England
Telephone: 021 -475 2231 Telex: 337081
A GEC Marconi Electronics Company

BUILD A PAIR OF MICRO MONITORS! MIDWICH HAS MOVED!
OUR PRICES HAVE T00- DOWN!
Just a few hours easy and
interesting work and you'll have
a surerb pair of compact
loudspeakers for about hall the In orderto maintain our standard of service and house ourevergrowing range
price of equivalent 'assembled' of stock, we've moved to larger premises. You can still use our old telephone
models. number for a limited period, but please make a note of our new one and
The Wilmslow Audio Micro our address.
Monitor will stand comparison To celebrate the move we have reduced our prices still further. We know this
with any speaker o` similar size will displease our competitors but we'd rather please our customers.
(at any price!). Don't take our NB - NO SURCHARGE ON CREDIT CARD ORDERS.
word for it - call for a happy- move with Midwich. And remember, we always try to give you the
demonstration!
Be
best deal and the best service. If we fail just let us know we will alwaystryto
make amends.
-
MEMORIES ** NEW LOWER PRICES **
2114 Low Power 200ns 0.00 2732 350ns 4164 200ns (TI) 495
2716 450ns (51/) 2.10 2532 450rs 390 4816/4516 100ís 325
2716 350ns (5'n 3.59 '4116 200ns 0.70 5516 200ns Sae
2716 450rs (3 rai) 5.95 '4116 150rs 1.10 6116P3 150rs 4.30
'2732 450rs 3.90 4118 150ns 3» 6116LP3 150ns 5.75
BBC MICRO UPGRADE KITS** NEW LOWER PRICES **

88C1 4516/4816 X 8 100rs 25.50 BBC21 Ponter cable complete 13.00
BBC2 Printer/User VO kit (IC69,70 + PL9.10) 8.00 BBC22 Connecta for user port with 290
BECA Analogue input k4 (IC73. 77 + SK6) 8.70 BBCA4 36" cable
BBC5 Serf VO aril RGB kit IIC74,75 + SK3.4111.45 8BC55 Analogue input plug with caver 225
625 5 and 6 pin DIN plugs for 0.99
BBC6 Expansion bus and tube
kit (IC71, 72. 76 + PL11, 12) BBC66 Serial VO and RGB input
Camants tor bus pat with cade 3.50
MOST KITS ARE NOW EX-STOCK!
The Micro Monitor kit contains all the components needed - a pair of ..*. We've dons ft again! Ma salve price reductions on LPS and CMOS «..
cabinets in flat -pack form - accurately machined for easy assembly, all Prim Osaka PHa
Ossim Fria Darda Frira Dsriea Prka Oa4ks
drive units, crossover networks, acoustic wadding, grille foam, velcro, Z80 CAMAIS 09 0.11 245 039
nuts and bolts, etc. No electronic or woodworking knowledge required -
FAMILY WD1391 KIT 45.50
280CPU 3.15 1MHZ 2.90 10 0.11 251 029
WD1393 KO 45.50
257 034
simple, foolproof instructions supplied. The cabinets can be stained, ZBOACPU 3.50 WD1395 KIT 45.50 1008MHZ 210 12 0.11
0.15 259 057
Z130CTC 2.75 18432MHZ 220 13
painted or finished with iron -on veneer. Dimensions of assembled '780ACTC 2.85
'WD1397 KIT 45.50
36864MHZ 215 14 0.33 266 0.10
cabinet: 32 x 24 x 20cms. Suitable for amplifiers of 20 - 50 watts.
(KITS INCLUDE
1.45 15 0.12 273 0.50
Z80AOART 5.70 F0179X + WD2143 4MHZ
1115 1.45 20 0.12 279 050
280ADMA + WD1691) 6MHZ
21 0.12 283 0.39
280P10 2.75 1.70
Price: £112.95 per pair including VAT. Carriage and insurance £5.50 ZBOAPIO 215 MISC SUPPORT
BMHZ
26 0.12 365 029
1110 27 012 366 029
Z80AS10-0 CHIPS CMOf 400011.
1190 28 0.12 367 029'
ZBOAS10-1 'AY3-1015 290 SÉRIES
368 0.39
113OASIO-2 1139 4001 010 30 0.12
AY3-1270 7.115
373 0.59
11.00 4001 0.10 32 0.12
MK3886 'AY3-8910 599 0.54
'MK3886-4 14.47 075-1013 239 4002 012 37 012 374
0625 529599 AY5-3600 735 0.15 38 0.12 377 0.88
0000 FAMILY 40 0.12 390 0.40
AY5-2376 590 4011 0.11
'6800 290 42 027 393 0.44
DP8304 4.50 4012 0.15
Church Street, Wilmslow, Cheshire SK9 lAS '6802
-
3.40 4013 0.24 47 0.34
'6803C 12.10
MC1488
MC1489
0.55
055 4015 048 51 0.14 ML siffle Ma
1982 Catalogue £1.50 post free '6809 0.45
235 4016 0.10 54 014 (ales
MC3446
6810 1.12
MC34480 425 4017 0.37 74 0.10 Pers Tin Gild W/W
Lightning service on telephoned credit card orders' 6821 120 MC3480 795 4020 040 75 0.19 8 7 22 25
'6840 3.95
MC3487 235 4023 0.15 76 0.17 14 9 29 35
'6845 0.75
MC14411 594 4024 031 83 0.34 16 9 31 35
'6850 1.40 4025 0.10 85 0.51 18 13 33 52
799
WW - 020 FOR FURTHER DETAILS '6880
6887
137
030
'MC14412
'603-2513L 0.90 4027
4028
023
0.49
86
90
0.15
028
20
22
14
17
35
40
60
70
'f103-2513U 599
68488 0.11 4040 0.49 92 031 24 19 42 70
'6875 532 4042 0.44 93 025 28 25 54 80
OFM CHIPS
6843 1390
791 4046 034 109 027 40 29 81 99
'2N450E 0.35
'68800 6.30
'Z9450 KIT 17.35 4047 0.49 122
ML JUMPERS
68802 10.11 024 123 0.35
'68821 229
4049
024 125 024 SNON scia 24"
LINEARS 4050 14 PIN 1.40
'68810 290 LM301AN 025 4051 0.44 126 025
130
16 PIN
'68840 4.70
LM308N 0.18 4052 039 132 0.39
2.35
023 24 PIN
'68650 236 090 4060 050 136
LM311N 40 PIN 3.25
LM319N 2.14 4066 029 138 031
6500 FAMILY 0.0 4069 0.15 139 0.31
LM324N Omble Ludd 6"
6502 3.45
LM348N 059 4070 0.14 148 030 14 PIN 1.90
6520 290 0.18 4071 0.14 151 0.39
2.05
LM555N 16 PIN
'6522 3.10
0.48 4073 0.14 153 028 3.10
LM556CN 24 PIN
6532 5.05
LM741 (8 PIN) 0.14 4075 014 155 0.34
40 PIN 495
4081 015 156 0.34
0.64
8080 FAMILY
'8085A 4.40
LM747CN
LM74818 PIN)
LM725CN
0.34
320
4093
4508
025
129
157
158
025
0.29
Doable hand Ir
2.00
14 PIN
8212 1.55 4511 0.44 161 0a5 16 PIN 2.15
'8216 030 REBUTATORS 4512 0.49 163 034
0.39 24 PIN 3.25
'8251 3.19 7805 038 4518 164
40 PIN 5.10
'8255 2.05 7812 0.39 4520 0.49 165 0.54
7815 0a8 4526 039 166 093 1r
MME» 034 DaaYM hand
781_05 029 4528 0.00 173
14 PIN 2.05
81 LS95 090 78L12 029 4541 099 174 0.40
16 PIN 2.25
81LS97 090 78L15 029 4543 071 175 0.44
8.40
24 PIN
81LS97 090
0.90
7905 055 N0. »sr *Mas 191 0.44
0.44
40 PIN 525
81LS98 7912 055 nraNöM 192
87264 120 7915 0.55 193 0.44
ZERO INSERTION
8T28A 120 LM309K 038 7413 S911ES 194 0.34
FORCE EOCREI5
8795 1.35 LM317K 320 00 0.10 195 0.34
1.35 0.54 24 PIN 536
81974 LM323K 495 01 0.11 221 7.40
1.4S 0.64 28 PIN
8198 LM338K P0A 02 240 890
0.04
40 PIN
03 o..11 241
DATA CONVERTIRE UNE 1110001ATOOS 0.11 242 0.61
ZN425 3.45
04 25 BAT '0
6MHZ(UM1111 170 05 0.11 243 0.64
ZN427 5.09 8MHZNM1233 4.40 08 011 244 050 CONNECTOMALE-MALRS
10.15
ZN428 4.75
13.00 (36" CABLE)
ZN432
MALE-FEMALE 10.13
ZN433 2590
The microphone For mobil ZN447/8/9
UPD7002
POS
4.35
QUANTITY PRICING (36" CABL
MALES EN DE D 513
radio, with DTAIFsignalling Special prices available for bulk purchases. (18" CABLE)
Tel 0379-898751 for an instant quote FEMALE S 625
FLOPPY DISC
and cgtional ANI, brings CONTROLIE» Large stocks held on many items'
ENDED (18"
CABLE)
FD1771 17.12
great 2r system flexibility to Data sheets available on asterisked items Please telephone for prices and details
your elecom network. Interface
Quartz
Devices
8
115.4
24 Hour Telephone order service for credit card holders
All prices exclude VAT and cardage (0.75 on orders under £10 nett)-
Official orders from educational and government establishments and
En
For further information contact the sole agents Limited public companies accepted Credit accounts available to others (subject to status).
All orders despatched on day of receipt Out of stock items will follow on automatically at our
I `D
discretion or a refund will be given if requested
29 Market Street NO SURCHARGE FOR CREDIT CARD ORDERS
Crewkerne
Somerset TA 18 7JU MIDWICH COMPUTER CO LTD
Dept WW. Rickinghall House. Rickinghall. Suffolk IP22 1 HH
Crewkerne (046e) 74433 Telephone (0379) DISS 898751
Telex 46283 laude g
Please make a note of our new address
& telephone number
WW - 007 FOR FURTHER DETAILS 15
moulded nylon T R I L LAS®
probably the most
versatile and rugged
insulating mounting system
ever developed
Transipillar insulating mounts hold heavy
sub -assemblies totally secure. Because they're
precision moulded from very tough Nylon.
Metric or Imperial versions are available,
with insulator lengths from 1/2 in to 23/4 in, and a
choice of metal screw or threaded insert end
fittings from 0 to 6BA.
If one of the preferred sizes won't suit your
application, the chances are we can make one
that will.
Write today for samples, full technical
details and prices of TRANSIPILLARS.
:
WK ELECTRONICS LTD
EL the patented insulating mount for '/4 in
thick heatsinks. Eliminates the need for
Napier Road Bromley Kent BR2 9JA power transistor mica washers.
Telephone: 01-4644346 Telex: 896691 WKE.
WRONG TIME? LASTCHANCE AT THIS PRICE.

METALFILM RESISTORS 1°h Tolerance, 1/4 Watt
MSF CLOCK is ALWAYS CORRECT never gains or loses, SELF
SETTING at switch -on, 8 digits show Date, Hours, Minutes and
- 1008 11
n-
101 100k
ONLY 3p EACH
1108 151 Ilk 1105
1208 152 1
Seconds, auto GMT/BST, leap year and parallel BCD (includ- 1308 153
12k
13k
120k
130k High Quality High Stability,
ing WEEKDAY) output, receives Rugby 60KHz atomic time 1508 155 15k 150k Huge Strength.
1608 156 16k 160k
signals, built-in antenna, 1000Km range, GET the RIGHT TIME, 1808 158 18k 180k Minimum order f20
£69.60. 200H
2208
2k 20k 200k Minimum 5 pcs per value
252 22k 220k 89 Values (624)
60KHZ RUGBY RECEIVER, as in MSF Clock, serial date output for 2408 2k4 24k 2405
computer, etc., decoding details and ZX81 listing for local, 270R
3008
257
3k
27k
30k
270k VAT, polp inclusive.
GMT and SIDEREAL time, £22.20. 3308 353 33k 330k
3608
Tunable Audio Notch Filter £16.40, Speech Compressor £15.30, 3908
356
359
36k
39k
Antenna Noise Bridge £18.60, 10-150KHz Receiver £19.40. 4308
470R
453
487
43k
47k 470k
Each fun -to -build kit (ready made to order) includes all parts, 5108 551 51k
printed circuit, case, postage, etc., instructions, money back 5608
6208
556
652
56k
62k
560k
assurance so GET yours NOW. 680+1 658 68k 680k

7508 755 75k
CAMBRIDGE KITS 8208

9108
852
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82k
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1M
4 GOLDEN SO
45 (WK) Old School Lane, Milton, Cambridge. Tel: 860150
ORION SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTS LTD. LONDON Wl
4
\THE
\\
TL100 HAS BEEN DESIGNED FOR THE PROFESSIONAL ELECTRONICS, TV
INSTRUMENT TECHNICIAN. CONSTRUCTED FROM HARD-WEARING OR
ABS WITH
,4
Aro
do
STRONG
\\
ALUMINIUM FRAMES, TWIN HANDLES AND TOGGLE LOCKS. A
MOULDED TRAY IN THE BASE, A COMPREHENSIVE 2 -SIDED TOOL PALLET
ap
4'0/%°fs
')& t \
THAT IS REVERSIBLE WITH SPACE FOR OVER 40 TOOLS. THERE IS SPACE
FOR DOCUMENTS AND A HEATSINK FOR A HOT SOLDERING IRON.
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\ ALSO AVAILABLE IS THE TL9917in. x 12in. x bin. £39.90
hod' .. `9 05 aA " DISCOUNT STRUCTURE FOR MULTIPLE USERS ONLY
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Since the introduction of the DC300 in 1967, AMC RON amplifiers have
been used worldwide - wherever there has been a need for a rugged and
reliable amplifier. Their reputation amongst professional users, throughout
industry, has made the name of AMCRON synonymous with power
amplification. For power you can depend on - choose AMCRON, the
professional choice.
For further details contact the UK Industrial distributor:
G.A.S. ELECTRONICS
16, ST. ALFEGE PASSAGE, LONDON SE10
- TELEPHONE: 01-853 5295
TELEX: 923393 LASER G
WIRELESS V/ORLD OCTOBER 1982 17

The lightweight EV88 -A low-cost evaluation system for
the 8088 microprocessor
mast with EV88 is a single board microcomputer that is ideal for
evaluating the 8088 8-bit/16-bit microprocessor. EV88 can
101 applications also be used as a powerful controller, and, with a suitable
cross -assembler running on a standard microcomputer, and
an EPROM programmer, for low-cost development of 8088 -
based systems.
EV88 is supplied fully assembled and tested, with compre-

hensive documentation, and a copy of The 8086 Book, by
Rector and Alexy. All you need is a 5V 1A power supply and a
terminal or a suitable microcomputer.
* tible
8088 microprocessor in minimum mode (software compa-
with the 8086 -bit microprocessor).
16
** Comprehensive
2K CMOS RAM.
monitor EPROM. in 2K
*** Cassette interface.

lines of I/O.
24
Eight levels of interrupt.
* baud).-232 compatible serial interface (300 baud to 9600
RS
* Three -channel counter/timer.

** Double
Buffered data, address and control lines.
Eurocard.
* vided).
On -board expansion to 16K EPROM/RAM (sockets pro-
* Breadboarding area.
** All bus signals available on 64 -way DIN 41612 connector.
Single 5V supply.
* Price £300 plus VAT. Includes delivery.
8088/8086 design service available (software and hardware).
LFH Associates Ltd.

40A High Street
Stony Stratford
Milton Keynes
(0908) 564271
GREENWELD
443G Millbrook Road, Southampton, SO1 OHX
BULK BARGAINS 1/4W 5% Carbon Film Ralston -
AS goods new full spec. Prices are for 100 or 1k of The following values only: 467 561
one type. Add E1 carriage and V.A.T. to all orders. 662 668 862 13R 18R 27R 33R 39R
Send sae. for bulk buyers lists, or 75p for full 56R 68R 100R 1806 2206 2705 4706
catalogue (free to schools, etc.). 1k 2k7 3k 4k7 12k 18k 22k 30k 33k
36k 39k 75k 200k 220k 240k 390k
560k 620k 680k 1M5 all at
-
45208 .39 E3/1000.

DIODES BRIDGES 45288 42 ALSO: 7 million 1/4/1/2w. resistors,
Type 100+ lk+ 100+ 4582 60 carbon/carbon film for sale as one
AA132 .04 02 W01 .15 40014 .32 lot -- E3000.
133 04 .02 WO2 .16 74C00 .18
BA130 .04 .02 W04 17
155 .04 W O6 19
The smoothly operated QTM Mast comes fitted with BYX94 .06 .04 SO2 .19 Tant Beads: 2.2/16 04; 10/35.16.
BY127 .07 .06 SO4 22 ITT PMT POLYESTERS: .01/400 02;
handpump or can be vehicle mounted with 'Power Pack' for 85196 .22/100 .023;.33/100 .025; 47/100
extension and retraction. Available in a range of heights up

85197
.07
.07
S06
PW005
.28
.39 m .028;.68/100.04; 1/100.055.
BY198 .08 15A700V 1.20 Type 100+
CG50H .03 01 12A200V .65 7400 08
to 15 metres, the QTM mast can provide the ideal answer DK14 .04 .02 B800600 14 7401 .08 400mW Zeners, 5%: Au E24 values
FA2001
for FA2008
.05
.05
7405
7408
09
10
from 2V4 to 36V and 75V at .035; 1k
(mixed 100s) .029.
HG5085 .04
Mobile Radio Telephone Environmental - gas OAZ201 04
7409
7410
.10
10
1.3W 5% Zamora: 3V6 3V9 4V3 7V5
11V 12V 13V 16V 18V 30V 565 75V
oAZ206 .04 CMOS 7413
Police Mobile HQ (UHF) sampling collector SXG31 .04 Type 100+ 7417
.15
.18
110V 190V at 06. 1k (mixed 100s1
.045.
SX632 .04 .03 40018 .12 7420 10
Field Telecommunications High level photography SX753 .40 4007A 10 7426 20
18446 04 40118 12 7427 .20
458
Floodlighting Meteorology 459
.04
04
4012B
4012UB
.12
12
7430
7437
08
.19 TRANSISTORS
627 .04 4013A .20 7440 .11
Anemometer and Wind And a host of other uses 643 .04 40138 .20 7442 .30 AC 127 16 BD132 26
3062 .05 40148 .40 7445 .30 AC128 .16 80246 .30
Measurement 3890 .35 40150 40 7447 .32 AD161/2 45 B0433 28
4001 .03 .02 4016A .22 7450 .10 BC107 .08 B0695A 45
4002 03 02 40168 .25 7454 10 BC108C .08 8D696A 45
4003 032 .022 4017A 29 7460 10 BC109C 09 13E173 16
4005 027 4022A 40 7472 .18 BC182B 05 BF181 18
CLARK MASTS
4006 .644 030 4023C .12 7473 .20 BC182L 05 13F195 .06
4007 .048 032 4023A 12 7474 15 BC183 05 8E258 20
4148 .02 013 4025A .12 7483 .40 BC183L 05 8FY50 17
4149 .03 .018 402713 .26 7485 45 BC184 05 BFY51 .15
4447 .03 018 40288 .40 7490 20 BC2126 .05 BFY52 15
4448 .03 4029A 42 7491 .36 BC213 05 BRY46 17
4154 .03 .018 4035CP .50 7493 .18 BC214B 05 BU206 70
Find out more about the QTM series by writing or phoning:- 4742A .06 .045 4040 42 7496 .39 BC214L 05 13U208 .92
52438 .06 4042 47 74107 .16 BC3089 .05 0035 .70
U.K. 5279 .05 40498 .20 74109 .28 BC327 ,06 P8C108
EUROPE 5402 .08 4049A 17
05
74121 .22 BC328 06 TIP31A 21
CLARK MASTS LTD .IW W ) GENK TECHNICAL PRODUCTS N V. (W W 5403 .09 40518 .42 74123 .25 8C338 06 TIP32A .21
5404 .10 .085 40520 42 74150 .45 BC547 .05 TIP41C .32
Evergreen House. Ringwood Road. Woudstraat 21. 3600 Genk, 5405 .11. 40608 60 74151 30 8C548 .05 281132 16
&nstead. Isle of Wight. Belg pu ro 5406 12 4060A .60 74155 28 BC549 05 2N2222 .10
15101 05 40698 12 74179 65 BC557 .05 2N2369 .12
England P033 3PA Telefoon 011 -380831 410 .10 40780 .18 74180 45 8C558 .05 282646 .40
Tel Isle of Wight (0983) 63691 423 .25 4085A .40 74181 80 BC559 .05 2N2926R .05
Telex 39354 Genant B 921 .05 .032 4086 40 74182 50 BCV70 .12 283053 16
Telex 86686 IS4020A .07 .05 45038 30 74190 40 BCY71 12 283055 30
5056A .07 45118 .42 74194 50 BCY72 12 2N3702.10 05
25G10 97 45188 39 74366 40 90131 26
WW - 028 FOR FURTHER DETAILS WW -022 FOR FURTHER DETAILS

,A Ha i gi erranair
igillrari
RETAILMAIL ORDEREXPORT
Mika. VO
TEST EQUIPMENT CENTRES
1111.M1111, CALL IN AND SEE FOR YOURSELF
INDUSTRIALEDUCATIONAL OPEN SIX DAYS A WEEK öNo 00[
(UK C/P Single trace £3 ea. Salgan £3 ea.
DIGITAL MULTIMETERS All models complete with leads and batteries OSCILLOSCOPES Dual trac £4 ea. SC110 £1.00)
TRIO CSI566A
Hand Held Models3l/; digit LCD 20.20
NM412-5 Dual 20 MHZ delayed sweep.
(UK C/í'65p) Bench Models 31F digit LCO MHZ

trig to 40 MHZ. 5mV 0.1 micro sec 8 x 10cm
dual trace triggered
unless stated (UK C/P 90p) display IHAMEG' £402.50
KD25C 13 range 0.2A DC sweep. 5mV/05 (Optional case £21.85)
£26.50 2010A LED 31 range. 10A AC/
with carry case us/CH2InV/x 10mag.
SCI 10A New Model 10 MHZ battery
OC basic 0.1% ISabtranicsl £81.50
KD30C 25 range IA AC/DC 19 sweep ranges.
portable. t 0mV 0.1 pSec. 2 (race.
£37.50 TM353 LCD 27 range 2A AC/DC Limited offer WAS £363.40
200 Meg Oihm with carry case NOW £320.00 (UK C/P £4.001
All lacilities ITHANDAHI £171.00
KD55C 28 range l0A AC/DC
basic 0.15% (Sinclair) £86.25 (Options: £6.84.
L
Carry case
2015A LCO 31 range 10AAC/DC HM307 Single trace 10 MHZ 5mV:0.5 AC Adaptor £5.69.
version of above £41.50 micro sec. Plus built ln component tester
basic 0.1 °o ISabtranicsl £89.50 Nicada £1265
2033A 26 range push button fia 7cm display IHAMFGI £158.70
611820
£36.50 TM351 LCD 29 range IDA AC/ £18.40
Dual 20 MHZ 2-5mV 0.1 pSec.
2 amp AC/DC Optional case
Delay sweep. 140 mm tube 111101 £483.00
DC basic 0 100 ISinclairl £113.85 3030 Single trace 15 MHZ. 5mV:0.5 micro
188m/6011 A 15 range Hfe C81577Á Dual 35 MHZ. 2mV.
2001 LCO 28 range plus 5 range sec. Plusbuilt in component tester. 95mm
tester pus t button l0A OC £43.50 0.1 pSec. Single sweep facility.
capacitance meter 10A AC/OC tube. Trig. to 20 MHZ IcROTECH) £172.50 £523.25
189m 3C range plus Hfe tester. 140mm tube. 171101
Basic 0.1 °'u IPantecl £108.00 3035 Single trace 15 MH2.5mV.Trig to 20
C5183011 Dual 30 MHZ. 2mV
Rotary swish IDA AC/OC £69.95
I!. 2037A 28 range 0.1% 2A
TM45141/2 digit 0.03% basic all MHZ plus built In component tester 0.2 pSec.
130mm Tube ICAOTECHI £189.75
02ySec pined delay Ilnel. Delay
facilities (Sinclair) £171.00 sweep 140mm tube IT F1101 £828.75
AC/DC +2 temp ranges HM203 Dual 20 MHZ: Trig to 30 MHZ NM705 Dual 70 MHZ delayed
1503A 43,;
£77.0010A AC/DC 4 digit
LCD 30 ranges
push button MHZ counter. 4 KHZ
5m0:0.5 micro secs. 8 e lOcm display. sweep: Single sweep: Delay line.
129 25 range O.8°m basic 10Á IHAMFGI £253.00 Trig to 70 MHZ: 2m1f: 0.1 micro
£79.35 050.0.05°o basic (Thurlby) £171.00 C81562Á Dual 10 MHZ I0mV. sec. 8 x 10cm display IHAMFGI £867.00
AC/OC rotary switches IKeithley)
£267.95
130 As model129 but 0.5°ó basic £102.35 1503HÁ As above but 25A and I pSec. 140mm tube 11110) Range el low cost Dual Trace
0.03°'o basic £189.75 3131 Dual trace 15 MHZ trig. to 35 MHZ Scopes mains operated. Made In UK to
ACCESSORIES 5m1I.. 05 micro sec. 130mm tube. exacting standards. Available as 10 MHZ.
AC Adaptors (201 OA 8 2015A only) £5.69 Cases TM351 /353 £6.84 plus component tester £276.00 15 MHZ. or 20 MHZ All feature 5mV
hold probe THP20 £14.95 CS1575 Dual sensitivity. 0.5 micro sec. 5.4 x Bcm display
2001 £7.50 1503 £20.45 Touch and MHZ ImA 0.5
pSec. 140mm tube. Phase display ISAFOANI
audio scope. ¡TRIO) £312.80 OPTIONS 914203/ 412/705
C81560Á11 Dual 15 MHZ IOmV. View Hoedc £6.90
0.5 pSec. (TRIO) £341.55 Component Tester £28.75
3034 Battery -mains dual trace 15 MHZ. 91410 Dual 10 MHZ £205.85
trig 10 20 MHZ built in Nicada. 5mV. 0.5 61415 Dual 15 MHZ £217.35
micro secs. ICROTECH1 £414.00 01420 Dual 20 MHZ £228.85
LAG125 As LAG120A but 0.02°j0 502011 1 HZ-200KHZ 'Eliminator charger optional £36.80 Scope probes all models - see below.
GENERATORS dis) (LEADER) £273.00 ISABTRONICS) £90.00
'All models battery operatedl 80006 9 digit LED range 1000
R -C Pulse. RF Function- eludo *6203 10 HZ - I MHZ 5 band TG100 I HZ 100 KHZ FREQUENCY (UK C/P £l ) MHZ Bench ISABT80 ICS'
(UK C:P £1;I 0.1% Sine/SQITRI01 £126.50 ITHANDAR) £90.85 PFM200A Pocket 8 digit LED £178.00
ARmodels 220/240 V AC BF All with Int/Ext mod. variable 16102 02 HZ 2 MHZ COUNTERS 200 MHZ 10 mV ITHANDARI £67.50 t T1040 8 digit LCD 40 MHZ 1800
output) ITHANDARI £166.75 Max 50 50 MHz 6 digit MHZ with TP6001 ITHANDAeI
AUDIO 4 band Sine/SQeutput LEO Pocket 'CSC) £58.35 £126.50
1E220 Max distortion 1°r, TE200 100 KHZ -I00 MHZ 6 PULSE
'Max 550 6 Mil T1200 8 digit LCD 2 range 200
20Hz/200KHz 369.95 band (300 MHZ harm) £59.95 T6105 5 HZ - 5 MHZ Various
LED Pocket IGSCI £97.75 MHZ (600 MHZ with TP6001
LSG17 100KHz-150MHz outputs ITHANDARI £97.75 8110A ITHANDARI £186.75
LA027 Max distortion 0.5-1% 8 digit LEO2 range. 100
TP800 600 MHZ preacher
(LEADER) 10Hz-1MHz 086.25 (450MHz harm) LEADER £71.30 4001 Ultra -variable MHZ. Bench ISABTRONICSI £77.00
£43.13
56402 IDO KHZ 30 MHZ 6 band 0.5Hz-5MHz ICSC) £113.85 8610/I 8 digit 1E03 range 600 ITHANOARI
A6202A Max distortion 11.5% -
£94.00 TP10001GHz prescaler 174.75

1T0101 20Hz-200KHz 078.20 (TRIM £68.00 MHZ Bench ISABTRONICSI
OPTIONS
FUNCTION (All sine/S0/ Max 100 5Hz-IDOMHz £6.84
HZ- 1MHZ. TF series carry case
LAG120A 5band IO 8digit bench LED IGSCI £97.75
Sine/ S0 0.05-0.8% dist. VI 46.00 Triangle/TTL etc.) AC adaptors £5.139
86108 9 digit LED 3 range 600 '8' series AC Adaptors £5.69
MHZ Bench (SABTRONICSI £113.85 £7.95
All models probe kits
DIRECT READ HV PROBE

TOP QUALITY
(UK C/P 65PI
I - a p s4.ß ANALOGUE 0/40 KV: 20K /Volt
INSULATION AND CLAMP METERS

Mull! -range clamps all with resislance range carry
ELECTRONIC INSULATION TESTERS
Battery operated complele wilh carry case tue Cirer )
MULTIMETERS
(UK C/P £1.201
.
' OSCILLOSCOPE
£16.40
use and leads Also digilal and DC clamp In stock y F5011 5000/10O Meg Plus 0100 ohm
K3103 6000!100 Meg Pius 026K°hm
065.00
£109.00
All featuring AC/DC Volts/Current and Ohms
ranges.
PROBE BNC511195%Ìperlto3£795
MK CC not
ST300 3006.6000V AC 9 ranges £28.95 1
K3106 500V & 1000V 1000 0 2000 Meg
K4101 Earth resntance tester
0119.00
Et 49.00
MAJOR 20K 29 range 20k/V.
2'/A oc 129 AC IPANTECI £33.90
KITS 001°- DIO £ó.55o
K2606 300A 6000V AC 8 ranger C49.50 0100 £16.95
M500 Hand cranked msulalion tester MAJOR 50K 29 range 50K, V. 2' A OC
IOplional temp prose [1)801 5000/100 Meg 179.50C 12' A ACIPANTECI £40.25
82903 900e 750V AC 9 ranges C77.50
K8031 1100,600V phase tester £23.50 PAN3001 34 range 40K/V. 5A AC/ OC. DECADE BOXES
50 Meg. IPANTECI £59.80 9582 32 value lesit box. I ohm
AMATEUR RADIO AND CB TESTING Also 500KHZ 500 MHZ signal infector and
3 range cap. meter.
-
too Meg.
CSB20 20 Value
£19.50
Cap. box. 470 pl
(Full lists send S.A.E.' PAN3003 42 range I Meg/V. 5A AC/OC. to l pF £21.00
KDM6 1.5 to 250 MHZ 6 range DIP meter lillusl £47.95 I pA FSD IPANTECI £66 70
PC 1000 3 meters 0/10/100/1000 watts SWR etc 150 MHZ (NOTE 3001 & 3003 Electronic PORTABLE TV COLOUR
max. lillusl £45.00 Protection Mirror Scales)
K1400 26 range large scale 20K/Volt IDA
GENERATOR
6820 SWR/Power twin meter lo 30 MHZ. 1K lillusl £8.95 C £95.00
HM20 20K /Volt multirange multimeter Plus SWR/Power
w AC/OC. 20 Meg ohm. 5KV AC/DC MC101
K200 39 range 10 Meg ohm input. e patterns/dots/11m etc. guilt in
reeler 150 MHZ Detachable Coupler £22.95 25 H2-1 MHZ £105.00 niGds. Pal 8 UHF only. Complete
LPM880 RF Power meter 5/Z0/120W 1.8 - 500 MHZ £84.00 MI500 43 range 20k/V. 9 range with charger. case and leads.
LPM885 SWR/Power 20/200/1000W LB 54 MHZ lillusl AC - 10A 12 range OC 10A £67.50 £ 162.50
£54.00
VARIABLE POWER SUPPLIES DIRECT READ TEMPERATURE
HAVE A BANANA! ST303TR 21 range plus Hfe test
£16.95 Mains input Volts/Amps meter, (UK C/P £1) T11301 -50`C to 750`C. LCD
Low cost reliable meters (All supplled with 20K/Volt -
PP241 0/12.12/24 Volt. readout. Complet with belfry
_ __
batta/hadsl
BANANA 15
(UK C/P 55p)
range pocket 20K/ Volt
AT1020 18 range Deluxe 2KV &
Hfe Tester £17.50
!'^ri 0/1 amp £35.00 and thermocouple. £68.43
PP243 0/12 12/24 Volt.
plus cant. buzzer 1111001 £20.64 TMK500 23 range plus 12A DC l 0/3 amp £59.95
NH5510 range pocket plus cont. buzzer 30K/Voh £21.50 PS13075 twin meter 8-15V 2-7A £35.95 LOGIC PROBES/MONITOR
2KNot £5.50 168m 36 range large scale l0A Sabtronica 1P10 10 MHZ
probe £28.50
ST51- range pocket 4KNolt £6.50 AC/DC 50KNolt £28.50
NH56122 range pocket 20KNolt AT21D 21 range 12A AC/DC 'SCOPE ADD ON UNITS SSC 1P2 15 MHZ probe £19.85
LEADER L0P078 50 MHZ Iellh
£9.95 100KNolt £29.50 176905 Semiconductor curve ¡easel £58.80
360TR 23 range large scale l0A tracer WWI ILEAOERI £95.45 6SC LMI monitor 10 te 16 pin
YH3611RR 19 range plus Hfe test £33.00
(UK C/P BSpf IC el
AC/DC Hfe test 50 meg ohm. 1KV ew'
20KNalt
KRT5031 16 range 10 amp DC
£12.95
AC/DC 100KNolt £34.95
awry,. 16Z65 Component tester IHAMFGI
IUK C/P 65p1 £27.95
'111.1131- _' SSC DPI Omuta' pulcer. Single/
100 pas £58.50 -1
_ aimä- KM.
ran se double 50KNott 116.50 Choose from UK's lar est range
m zum=in m.
CUBEGATE Order by Post
=`=KB
Yz
LIMITED
with CHEQUES/
ACCESS/VISA
Telephone
301 EDGWARE ROAD, LONDON, W21 BN, ENGLAND. TEL 01-724 3564 AVIL or
your order Send large SAE
ALSO AT HENRYS RADIO, 404/406 EDGWARE ROAD, LONDON W2 (2OpUK)
Vr.n Allow up to10 days for Schools, Companies,
he Ate ceil 614inal A WEEK -CALL /HALALS ate XX421751.F0 r_. _Lrr
delivery (unless advised) etc. Please write in.
- 011 FOR FURTHER DETAILS
19
Sinclair ZX Specti
16K or 43K RAMM.
full-size moving-
key keyboard...
colour and sound... RED
CAPS LOCK
MAGENTA
TRUE VIDEO
GREEN
INV. VIDEO
CYAN
.
YELLOW wHITE
sì
high -resolution
graphics...
OEF EN
'
SIN
ASN'
FN LINE
TAN
OPENS
INT
VERIF Y
CLOSE L
RND
, MOVE
MERGE
,TR
ERAS
SGN ABS
READ
From only L PRINZ
f125!First, there was the world-beating

Sinclair ZX80. The first personal computer
PAPER FLASH HIII.'I
for under £100.

Then, the ZX81. With up to 16K RAM Ready to use today,
available, and the ZX Printer. Giving more
easy to expand tomorrow Key features of the
power and more flexibility. Together,
they've sold over 500,000 so far, to make Your ZX Spectrum comes with a mains
Sinclair ZX Spectrum
Sinclair world leaders in personal adaptor and all the necessary leads to Full colour -8 colours each for
computing. And the ZX81 remains the connect to most cassette recorders foreground, background and border,
ideal low-cost introduction to computing. and TVs (colour or black and white). plus flashing and brightness -intensity
Now there's the ZX Spectrum! With Employing Sinclair BASIC (now used control.
up to 48K of RAM. A full-size moving -key in over 500,000 computers worldwide)
keyboard. Vivid colour and sound. High - the ZX Spectrum comes complete with Sound - BEEP command with variable
resolution graphics. And a low price that's two manuals which together represent a pitch and duration. -
unrivalled. detailed course in BASIC programming. Massive RAM -16K or 48K.
Whether you're a beginner or a competent
Professional power - programmer, you'll find them both of im- Full-size moving -key keyboard- all
keys at normal typewriter pitch, with
personal computer price! mense help. Depending on your computer
experience, you'll quickly be moving repeat facility on each key.
The ZX Spectrum incorporates all into the colourful world of ZX Spectrum High -resolution - 256 dots
the proven features of the ZX81. But its professional -level computing. horizontally x 192 vertically, each
new 16K BASIC ROM dramatically There's no need to stop there. The individually addressable for true high -
increases your computing power. ZX Printer -available now- is fully resolution graphics.
You have access to a range of 8 compatible with the ZX Spectrum. And
colours for foreground, background and later this year there will be Microdrives for ASCII character set -with upper- and
border, together with a sound generator massive amounts of extra on-line storage,
lower-case characters.
and high -resolution graphics. plus an RS232/network interface board. Teletext -compatible - user software
You have the facility to support can generate 40 characters per line
separate data files. or other settings.
You have a choice of storage capa-
cities (governed by the amount of RAM). High speed LOAD & SAVE -16K in 100
16K of RAM (which you can uprate later seconds via cassette, with VERIFY&
to 48K of RAM) or a massive 48K of RAM. MERGE for programs and separate
Yet the price of the Spectrum 16K data files.
is an amazing £125! Even the popular Sinclair 16K extended BASIC -
48K version costs only £175! incorporating unique 'one -touch'
You may decide to begin with the keyword entry, syntax check, and
16K version. If so, you can still return it later report codes.
for an upgrade. The cost? Around £60.

The ZX Printer - The ZX Microdrive
um available now
Designed exclusively for use with the
Sinclair ZX range of computers, the
printer offers ZX Spectrum owners the full
ASCII character set -including lower-case
characters and high -resolution graphics.
A special feature is COPY which
coming soon
The new Microdrives, designed
especially for the ZX Spectrum, are set to
change the face of personal computing.
Each Microdrive is capable of holding
up to 100K bytes using a single inter-
changeable microfloppy.
prints out exactly what is on the whole TV The transfer rate is 16K bytes per
screen without the need for further second, with average access time of 3.5
instructions. Printing speed is 50 charac- seconds. And you'll be able to connect up
ters per second, with 32 characters to 8 ZX Microdrives to your ZX Spectrum.
per line and 9 lines per vertical inch. All the BASIC commands required for
The ZX Printer connects to the rear of the Microdrives are included on the
your ZX Spectrum. A roll of paper (65ft Spectrum.
long and 4in wide) is supplied, along with A remarkable breakthrough at a
full instructions. Further supplies of paper remarkable price. The Microdrives are
are available in packs of five rolls. available later this year, for around £50.
How to order your ZX Spectrum

BY PHONE -Access, Barclaycard or Barclaycard or Trustcard.
Trustcard holders can call 01-2000200 for EITHER WAY- please allow up to 28
RS232 /network personal attention 24 hours a day, every days for delivery. And there's a 14 -day
interface board day. BY FREEPOST -use the no -stamp money -back option, of course. We want
you to be satisfied beyond doubt -and we
needed coupon below. You can pay by
This interface, available later this have no doubt that you will be.
cheque, postal order, Access,
year, will enable you to connect your
ZX Spectrum to a whole host of printers,
terminals and other computers. Fo:Sinclair Research, FREEPOST, Camberley, Surrey, GUI5 3BR. 71
Order
The potential is enormous. And the Total
astonishingly low price cf only £20 is Oty Item Code Item Price
possible only because the operating
systems are already designed into the Sinclair ZX Spectrum -16K RAM version 100 125.00
ROM. Sinclair ZX Spectrum -48K RAM version 101 175.00
Sinclair ZX Printer 27 59.95
Printer paper (pack of 5 rolls) 16 11.95
ZX Spectrum Postage and packing: orders under £100
orders over £100
28
29
2.95
4.95
Total £
Available only Please tick if you require a VAT receipt

*I enclose acheque/postal order payable to Sinclair Research Ltd for £
by mail order *Please charge to my Access/Barclaycard/Trustcard account no.

*Please delete/complete 1 I 1; I 1 1 I I l
and only from

1
1 1
1
as applicable
iSignature
PLEASE PRINT
Name: Mr/Mrs/Miss
sinlair
1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1
¡Address 1 1 1
I I I 1 I I
1 1
Sinclair Research Ltd,

1
1 1
1
1 1 1 I 1 1
1
Stanhope Road, Camberley, 1

1 1 1 1 I 1
i
1 I 1wRwalol
Surrey, GU153PS.
FREEPOST- no stamp needed. Prices apply to UK only. Export prices on application.
Tel: Camberley (0276) 685311.

WIRELESS WORLD OCTOBER 1982 21
'VALVES
/41065 1.40
Minimum
Order £1
VALVES VAT
IS INCLUDED
01821 820 SC1/600 4.60 6AN8A 2.50 12AU7 0.80 6146 4.96
A2293 8.80 EL822 9.06 SP61 1.80 6A04 3.40 12AV6 0.86 61468 6.20
A2900 13.76 EM80 0.86 TT21 23.00 6A05 1.00 12AX7 0.86
ARI 6380 2.86
0.75 E0187 1.30 7722 10.60 6AQ5W 1.80 128A8 0.90
ARP3 0.70
6550 050
EY51 0.96 U25 1.16 6AS6 1.16 128E8 125 6870 14.00
ATP4 0.80 EY81 0.66 U26 1.15 6A16 0.80 128H7 1.96 8552 8.20
B12H 3.90 EY86/87 0.60 U27 1.15 6AU8 0.00 128Y7A 2.30 7199 2.86
CY31 1.40 EY88 0.56 U191 0.86 6AV6 0.86 12C8 0.86 38P1 11.00
DAF96 0.70 E280 0.70 U281 0.70 6AX4GT 1.30 12E1 10.96
0E122 5F1'7 1000
2816 E281 0.70 U301 0.86 6AX5GT 1.30 12J6GT 0.66 4EP1 3200
DF96 0.70 GM4 6.90 U600 11.60 BBAB 0.56 12K7GT 0.70 e8,) 7000
DH78 0.76 GY501 1.30 U801 0.90 88E6 0.80 125807 0.80
DL92 0.80
881 1000
GZ32 1.06 UBC41 120 6BG6G 1.80 120701 0.80 0V1526 1000
0`/88/87 0.86 G233 4.20 UABC80 0.76 68.16 1.30 12SC7 0.66 037-32
0V802 0.70 34.90
G234 2.75 UAF42 1.20 6807A 0.86 12SH7 0.86 DG7-36 34.00
E551 14.90 0237 3.96 U8F80 0.70 6867 4.80 12SJ7 0.70
E88CC 1.80
DPM9-1130.40
KT88 8.30 UBF89 0.70 68W6 6.20 12507 1.46 01333GM
EBBCC/01 3.10 920 UBL21 1.76 68W7 0.90 12S07GT 0.56 41.80
E92CC 290 KT88 0/6 UCC84 0.86 6C4 0.60 12Y4 0.70 spec 0
E180CC 4.20 13.80 UCC85 0.70 6C6 0.56 1303 0.70
E180F 7.70 5844 2.50 UCF80 1.30 6046 820 1305 0.80
E182CC 826 Mt6 2.60 UCH42 1.86 6CL6 2.75 '306 0.80
EA76 226 MX10/01 21.50 UC1I81 075 6CX8 3.50 1457 1.16 PPLU0301ON
EA8C80 0.80 N78 9.90 UCL82 016 6CY5 1.15 19A05 0.86
0691 0.00 0A2 0.70 UF41 1.36 606 0.70 1903 11.50 IR
E8C33 1.16 082 0.80 UF80 036 608 1.e0 1906 060 PMÓ IB
EBC90 0.90 PABC80 0.80 UF85 0.56 808GB 1.10 19H5 38.66 XQ1020R
E8F80 0.80 PC85 0.75 U184 0.96 607 210 2001 0.80 X010208
E8F83 0.80 PC86 0.06 UM80 0.90 6F8G 0.56 20F2 0.86
EBF89 030 PC88 0.90 UM84 0.70 6012 1.50 20E1 1.30
EC52 0.86 pC97 1.25 UY82 0.70 6F14 1.15 20P1 0.86 SPECIAL V
EC91 4.40 PC900 0.90 UY85 016 6F15 1.30 20P3 0.76 4CX 1000A
EC92 0.86 PCC84 0.60 VR105/30 1.25 6F17 3.20 20P4 126 4CX6000A
ECC81 0.86 PCC89 0.85 VR150/30 1.35 6023 0.76 20P5 1.36 8M251
ECC82 0.60 PCC189 0.86 X66 0.36 6024 1.76 251801 0.96 8W 153
ECC83 0.86 PCF80 0.80 X61M 1.70 6F33 10.50 25240 0.75 DM25L8
ECC84 0.80 PCF82 0.70 XR1-6400A 6818 420 30C15 0.60 YL1420
ECC85 060 PCF84 0.75 8230 6GA8 1.16 30C17 0.60 Y11430
ECC88 1.70 PCF86 1.60 2759 19.00 8GH8A 0.86 30C18 2.46 YL 1440
ECC88 0.80 PCF87 0.50 2749 0.76 8H6 1.80 30F5 1.16 GXU6
ECC189 0.95 PCF200 1.46 28000 3.46 8.14 1.36 30FL2 1.40 0V1597
ECC804 0.90 PCF201 1.56 2801U 3.75 6J4WA 2.00 30FL12 126 0V2116
ECF80 0.86 PCFB00 0.50 Z803U 16.00 6.15 220 30FL14 215 BR 189
ECF82 0.86 PCF801 1.75 2900T 246 6J501 0.90 30115 1.10 ,..8R,.1.7:3,
ECF801 1.06 PCF802 0.70 1A3 0.86 6.16 0.06 30117 1.10 0V8131
ECH34 226 PCF806 1.20 1L4 0.60 6.16W 0.90 30P12 1.16 GMU2
ECH35 1.70 PCF608 1.46 1135 0.80 6JE6C 2.96 301,113 126 TY4-500
210 PCH200 1.36 154 0.46 6JSBC 216 30P114 2.46 BK185/666?A
ECH42 120 p0L81 0.75 155 0.46 8K7 0.80 351601 1.10 MIL 59481/754
ECH81 0.70 PCLp2 0.96 1T4 0.46 61(08 3.36 36W4 010
E0484 0.80 PCL84 0.90 1U4 030 616M 2.80 3524GT 030
ECL80 0.70 PCL86 0.76 1X28 1.40 6160 2.60 5005 1.16 IC
ECL82 0.76 PC1805/85036 2D21 1.10 616GC 2.10 500080 1.36 SN5402N 028
ECL83 1.40 PD500/5104.30 1.95 61601 1.25 7581 1.25 SN5410F 032
ECL85 0.80 P8200 1.10 2K25 1086 6170 0.86 75C1 1.70 SN5470F 0.49
ECL86 0.80 290 29.606118 0.70 76 0.96 SN54198J 120
EF37A 2.16 P1.38 1.10 2X2 1.15 6106 216 78 0.96 SN7407N 029
EF39 1.26 P181 0.86 3A4 0.70 64..020 0.70 80 1.70 SN7408N 0.18
EF80 0.56 PL82 0.70 3AT2 2.40 6KG6A 270 85A2 1.40 SN7445P 036
EF83 1.75 PL83 0.80 3138 0.50 807G 1.30 2.56 SN74453P 1.10
EF85 0.80 PL84 036 31322 23.00 6SA7 1.00 807 1.26 SN7453N 0.18
EF86 0.76 PL504 1.00 3E29 19.00 8507 1.15 1.90 SN74L73N 036
EF89 1.06 PL508 1.86 3S4 0.80 8SJ7 1.06 813 19.32 SN7474N 0.30
EF91 1.50, PL509 3.20 4832 1826 6SK7 0.96 5$.50 SN7485N 0.86
EF92 2.90 6.56 58/25414 1090 6SL7GT 0.86 8298 1400 SN74L85N 1.10
EF95 0.86 P1519 3.96 58/255M 14.60 6SN7GT 0.90 832A 090 SN7491AN032
FM/AM 1000s with Spectrum EF96
EF183
0.90
0.60 P1.802
0.10
320
58/258M 12.60 8SR7
5C22 29.90 8507
1.10
0.96
866A
866E
3.90
6.26
SN74123N 0.42
D6174123N038
Analyser -we call it the SUPER -S

EF184 0.80 PY33 0.70 5840V 130 6V60 1.50 931A 13.80 SN158368 028
EF812 0.76 PY80 0.70 5U4G 0.75 6V601 0.86 954 0.10 cX4 036
EFL200 1.96 PV81/800 0.96 5V4G 0.75 6X4 0.95 955 1.20 SN76013N130
EH90 0.86 PY82 0.86 5Y3GT 0.96 6X4WA 2.10 956 0.50 SN76003N 1.60
A portable communications service monitor from IFR, EL32 1.10 PY83 0.90 5Z3 1.50 6X501 0.56 957 1.06 SN76033N 136
EL34 1.80 PY88 5240
light enough to carry anywhere and good enough for 290 PY500A2.10
0.00
5Z4GT
0.76
1.05
6Y60
824
0.95
070 1629
1625 1.80
1.86
MC6800P 6.80
MC68600P
most two-way radio system tests. EL81
EL82
2.46 PY809 8.48 8/3012 0.90 787 1.75 2051 2.90 640
0.70 PY801 0.80 0.70 88N8 5763 MC145118A
The FM/AM 1000s can do the work of a spectrum EL84 0.80 00V03/10 7.60
6A137
6AC7 1.15 902
2.96
0.70 5842
1.20
7.50 2.20
analyser, oscilloscope, tone generator, deviation meter, EL86 0.86 QQV03-20A BAGS 0.60 906 2.10 5881 3.40 81702A1 3.30
EL90 1.00 2130 6AH6 1.16 10C2 0.86 5933 0.90 MM8300-U
modulation meter, signal generator, wattmeter, voltmeter, EL91 4.20 00V03 -25A 6AK5 016 10F18 0.70 6057 2.20 330
frequency error meter -and up to five service engineers EL95
EL504
0.80 38.60
1.70 00V06/40A
6AK8
6A1.5
0.60
0.60
10P13
11E2
1.50
19.60
8060
6064
1.95
2.30
MCM6810AP
3.40
who could be doing something else! E1803
EL509
6.90 1010
3.96 GV03-12 420
6AL5W 0.86 12M 070 6066 320 6340-1J 3.60
6AM5 420 12AT8 0.70 6067 2.30 MIC945-513028
E1.802 1.70 SC1/400 4.50 6AM6 1.60 12AT7 0.96 6080 6.30 MIC936-50022
A PRACTICAL TOP UP! FIELD TELEPHONES TYPE "J".
VALVES AND TRANSISTORS
MM -100 MULTI -METER Telephone enquiries for valves, transistors, etc:
retail 749 3934, trade and export 743 0899.
"D10" CABLE FIELD TELEPHONES
Tropical, in metal cases.
10 -line MAGNETO SWITCH -
Simply replaces the protective lid of the FM/AM 1000s. It Geiger Muller Tubes GM4, MX12/01 and others.
BOARD. Can work with every
includes a modified probe. PB -1 14, and a built in speaker type of magneto telephones.
TEST SET FT2 FOR TESTING Transceivers A40,
unit with independent volume control for audible response A41, A42 and CPRC26. PRICES MAY VARY
to signal measurement. This practical 'top up' will perform HARNESS "A" a "B" CONTROL UNITS "A"
"J7" "J2." Microphones No 5, 6. 7 connectors,
R. POSTAGE: £1-£3 45p; £3-£5 55p;
the following functions. frames, carrier sets, etc. £5-£10 60p; £10-f15 80p; £15-
DRUM CABLE continuous connection VC 00433. £20 100p.
Sinad: Measurements for 1 kHz Signal Generators MARCONI TF 1448/48; T014411/55 10 kHz-nMH:
tone (± 20 Hz) Prices on application
Distortion: To 30%
DC Volts: Up to 300 volts and up to
C O LO M O R Tel. 01-743 0899 or 01-749 3934
(ELECTRONICS LTD.) Open Monday to Friday
800 volts when the X10 probe is used 170 Goldhawk Rd., London W.12 9 a.m.-5.30 p.m.
AC Volts: 600 VRMS maximum for frequencies between ,
25 Hz and 25 kHz
Ohms: Using the modified probe, part number PB -1 14,
Ohms can be measured on scales X1 to X10 K SOUND INVESTMENT
% AM Measured on the RF signal applied to the
FM/AM-1000 unit
OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES
A choice of R.F. power attenuators and protective
carrying cases.
QUALITY REEL TO REEL Er CASSETTE TAPE HEADS
FITTING A NEW TAPE HEAD CAN TRANSFORM THE PERFORMANCE OF YOUR TAPE RECORDER.
OUR FULL CATALOGUE (PRICE 50p) ALSO INCLUDES TAPE TRANSPORTS, DISC DRIVES,
For further information contact Mike Taylor PREAMPLIFIERS AND ACCESSORIES
POPULAR UNIVERSAL CASSETTE HEADS TO EIAJ STANDARDS

Fieldtech C21RPS18 MONO R/P Hole £4.62 Centra 17mm Apart, 12mm From Head Face
Fieldtech Heathrow Ltd.

Huntavia House
824-02
B24-07
STEREO R/P
STEREO R/P FOR DOLBY
SYSTEMS
£7.66
£9.06
C42RPH2O
C42RPH04
STEREO R/P SENDUST FOR
CHROME/METAL TAPES
STEREO R/P GLASS FERRITE
£10.67 .
Heathrow 420 Bath Road

West Drayton
C21ES18 MONO/STEREO ERASE
HEAD £2.13
THE ULTIMATE LONG LIFE,
HIGH PERFORMANCE HEAD £13.34
Middlesex UB7 OLL POST AND PACKING 40p EX STOCK
MONOLITH
DELIVERIES. ALL PRICES INCLUDE V.A.T.
Tel 01.897 6446 The Monolith Eleutronice Co. Ltd.,
Telex 23734 5/7 Church Street, Cocakerne.
IFR precision simulators FLDTEC G Somerset T4187116
TN: 0480 74321.
Telex: 48305 MONLTH G. electronic products
22
THE HEADSET
THAT'S WAYAHEAD OF
ITS TIME.
THE DANAVOX HMT 808.

The Danavox HMT 808 the most advanced headset of its kind that you can buy today.
is
Employing Danavox expertise and quality throughout, it offers many unique features at a
remarkably low price.
Lightweight. Weighs only 35 grams Technically advanced. Pre -amp employs

Comfortable and hygienic. Does not go in latest thick film technologyEasy
the ear so it can be comfortably positioned servicing and repairs. Quick changing of
in seconds Versatile. Can be worn under earphones, cords, earpieces and switches
the chin or over the head using single ear of Realistically pricedDanavox quality
binaurallyeMultiple version microphone. engineering and guarantee.
Available with either magnetic
microphone or electret with noise
cancelling feature and pre -amplifier for For full details contact
matching into telephone systems John Carter at Danavox.
DANAVOX (Gt. Britain) Ltd.,

1 Cheyne Walk, Northampton NN1 5PT
Tel: (0604) 36351 Telex 312395
23
D.I.L.MINIATURE NULLARD MODULES
ON-OFF HONEYWELL PROXIMITY U L T R A S 0 N I C 1
LPt173
The
LP1171 TRANSDUCERS 40KC/S.
SWITCHES DETECTOR 'F
integral AM FM on 10ín
Gold plated contacts amplifier By DC_E3.50 ea
nSt
S re p
Sealed base Ideal for pro- PHOTO CONDUCTIVEPair

end
E5.75
Frrom Scre enedd cable. f1.75
gramming. 6 -position at CELL. £125. High -power
p LhT AE2 SONIC
Iss,FOSTER
Cds cell, 600MW. for Complete with Data
e s s t h a n h a t Leda, pR
control circuits
T l
TRANSMITTER. Complete
manufacturers price LP1157
Longrequires
simple answer
Resistance 8W ohm vancap (unused unit e
to 4K Med &
\Y/, fax volts
I
ONLY
1!2 240 Size £5,70Tuner E2.50 I SVI. £315.
DYNAMIC
Will
socket
Id into
Ten at 65p ea
14RIBBON
pin MICROPHONE
ith pre -amp on chassis p
CRYSTALS COLOUR TY MICROPHONES. 200 ohm
impedance Moving coil
perer 4433619 moils 61.25
.
Complete on chassis E1.75
to all your
100 55p ea Et 75
type sealed pair
U.X.F. MODULATORS MINIATURE HIGH-
Latest type, adiusteble. LM380 Amplifier 85p DUALITY FANS STEREO CASSETTE
ideal for computers. LM318N HI -Slew Op Amp -Whisper Model" by Ro- Mechaniama 6 w 12 voK.
wit hxata
ton low -Dower consume-
Site t3 22 x 1art regf 150 Erase end So enoid. Brand
power supply
inch LM323K, 5v 3 -amp,
lion (less than 10 watts)
WO w.
1
Only £3.50 _ ...................................í7.5S

Silent running. 115v. Itwo new .
In screened case LM31ON Volt. Follower it series for 230v I

Amp_ _.. £120 50/60Hz. Sae 412 x 412 x TV CENDERGENCE POTS
MINIATURE EDGE LM311H High Pert. Volt.112ín. ONLY E6.50 EACH ILNI
INDICATOR METER
With illuminated dial scale
Comparator......._
LM384N, 5 -watt Amp 1120
E1.00
Incl. V.A.T.0 ohm
problems.
.
LM393N Dual Cam._ 100 ALL

0-10 F.S.0 100 microamp. Cam.__ alp
__110p BRAND NEW
112 x 112 x 12 deep. 7905 Reg. -5v. _..... 159 50% less than manufactur 200
, Ulf
Only E1.65. ers price
STEREO CASSETTE TAPE

MONSANTO
HEADS.
HEWLETT-PACKARD r EX -MOTOROLA
Duality DISPLAYS
Half inch
I Display
replacement for most -- 5 + 5 -WATT
p y recorders with mounting 5002-7650
High Intensity plate Record/Replay E280 CAR
E1 each HIGH
set 014 E350 MARRIOTT TAPE HEADS EFFICIENCY STEREO
Cuarter track. AND VERY BRIGHT
Common anode
Only E1.00 each
AMPLIFIERS
14 Pin DA Package Typo
XRPS18 Rec ord'H eplay Complete and tested units
leech) Medium and Long Wave.
£2.00 Set of fi for ES
BRIDGE RECTIFIER XRPS36 Record:Replay Supplied as two built amts
Hall-inch red common 21nlwdh circuit
800 PIV 35 amps
112 x P2x12in. £3.50
leach) E3.00 anode will replace a5 "
d data
2
Only ES Pair.
XES 11 Erase leach) E1.00 DL70/14-pin OÌ
Includes pre -amp.
NATIO
RECHARGEABLE 1
Chipe
8218 .11.75
BATTERIES "CHERRY" ADD-ON KEYPAD
IN4140 DIODES VARTA volts DEAC.
3.6
Full spec but no polarity M'AH 225 .. E1.5o A compact 12 -button
band. Per 1,000...._..__E10 DRYFIT 6 -volt. 45 amp ß' UST PRICE keypad suitable for use
MINIATURE MP. C. -. E7.50 4.4, v4 62200 with Keyboard
POTENTIOMETERS. Model
M2 High -quality. 5°r6
%T 12L FILTER 10.7
A 4` OOR PRICE extend its functions
plus four extra keys
tolerance. 2 -watt, with fin
17.5013 separation.
separation, Oa ONLY Supplied brand new
spindles All values. 47 as ç
ohms -41k only alp each
112x11/4xIinch £7.00 L7,5O
IWKC/S + 1 meg. 3 -pin A 3 x 4 non -encoded
per 10. Sop each per 100: IRCI. Y.A.T.
40P each ---- - -MO single mode keyboard
QUANTITY DISCOUNTS on ALL items (unless stated), 15% per 10, 20% per 50, 25% per
100. All items BRAND NEW (unless otherwise stated).
DELIVERY from stock - Add post 35p per order.
As supplied to TELEX 262284
EXPORT enquiries Transonics
International Telecommunications Companies invited Mono 1400
Uninterruptible Power Supplies - UPS CVT Reliability 01-723 1008/9
125va to 50kva, 50 or 60hz. Callers to: 404 EDGWARE ROAD, LONDON W21 ED
STANDBY POWER. Invaluable for winding down a ALL MAIL ORDERS/EXPORT ENQUIRIES 11/12 PADDINGTON GREEN, LONDON, W2
computer programme on mains failure and wherever
continuous power is essential.
STABILISATION. ±5% Vital to combat mains voltage (ORDER YOUR FAVOURITE
fluctuations and ensure the operation of equipment at Or AUDIO ACCESSORIES BY MAIL
peak efficiency. Frequency stabilised ±0.1% 47 to 65Hz.
TRANSIENT ATTENUATION. Provides suppression of SEND FOR YOUR FREE COPY
mains born interference (spikes). OF OUR 1982 CATALOG
An unbeatable power package at a price to suit all budgets
from Galatrek International, UPS are DOWN to unbeatable
prices.
For more information, cut the coupon.
Galatrek International, FREEPOST, Scotland Street,
Llanrwst, nr. Llandudno, Gwynedd LL26 OAL, BRITAIN,
/ PAGES
48
el/2"x i" I
r-
CÓM TRANSFORMERS
OVER 250 ITEMS
INCLUDING DIRECT BOXES,
SIGNAL PROCESSING,
WITH TECHNICAL DATA

& USE DIAGRAMS
S
HIC -SPLITTERS,
AUDIO MODULES.
MANY OTHER ACCESSORIES
Tel No: 0492-640311/641298, Telex: 617114 A/B Galahu.

Made and Designed in Britain by Galatrek. We Ship the fsateat & most convenient way for yowl Most Shipments From Stock
5EG SESCOM, INC.

RETAIL SALES DIVISION I70213a4-0aP3
CUM 1111 Las Vegas Blvd. North
Las Vegas, NV 89101-1197 U.S.A.
(e00)634-3457
TWA( (910)397-e9ee

ALATREK
INTERNATIONAL Ç*Ç
Please send me full details of your range of voltage
I INSTANT PRINTED CIRCUITS!!
stabilisers,filters, cutouts,generatorsandCVT's Make your own - to professional standards - within minutes using
Please send mefulldetailsof UPS I either "Fotolak" Light-sensitive Aerosol Lacquer or Pre-coated board.
No Darkroom or Ultra-violet source needed)
i Please send mea requirement check sheet
Consultation with Galatrek Engineer
Fotolak aerosol
Ferric Chloride
£2.50 (30p
£0.60 (45p
Developer
Acetate Sheet
£0.30 (15p)
£0.15 (15p)
i Name
Position
I Copper -clad Fibre-glass Boards: Single -sided
Double -sided
£2 ft. sq. (45p)
£2 25 ft. sq. (60p)
Pre -coated Fibre-glass Board:
Company I 8"x41/2"....£1.75 (25p)
8"x9" £3.50 (45p)
16"x9" £7 (60p)
24"x12" ...£13 (£1.201
24"x18"...£18 (£1.70)
Eurocard £1.25 (25p)
i Address
I
J
Double -sided Board (all sizes) add 20%
Tel No Telex Postage individual items in brackets. Maximum charge £2 per order.
rade fl OEM f ;(please tick where appropriate) lT1t' 2' 1(I WHITE HOUSE ELECTRONICS
P.O. Box 19, Praa Sands, Penzance TR20 9TF
Telephone: Germoe (073-676) 2329
111 Constructor Series Speakers RADIOCODE
ITS
SO
CLOCKS
are powerful and comprehensive instruments which receive, decode
EASY and analyse time -coded standard frequency transmissions to provide
Have fun, save accurate, secure and completely automatic time/calendar or synchro-
nisation systems.
money, building
a Kef design
with a
Wilmslow Audio
CS Total kit.
No electronic or
woodworking
knowledge
necessary and
the end result is
a proven top-
quality design
that you'll be proud of.
Each kit contains all cabinet components, accurately machined for easy
assembly, speaker drive units, crossovers, wadding, grille fabric,
terminals, nuts, bolts, etc.
The cabinets can be painted or stained or finished with iron -on veneer or Applications
self adhesive woodgrain vynil. Automatic master clock and slave controller.
Easy foolproof assembly instructions supplied. Set of constructor leaflets
Synchronisation of separate equipment and events.
sent free on receipt of large S.A.E. Programmable energy management system.
Prices: CS1 (As 101) £110 pr. inc. VAT, plus carr./ins. £ 5.50 Computer clock/calendar with battery backup.
CS1A ls.mplified LS3/5A) £103 pr. inc. VAT, pluscarr./ins. £ 5.50 Data logging and time recording.
£129 pr. inc. VAT, plus cam/ins. £10.00 Process and equipment control.
CS3 (at 103.2)
Broadcasting, Astronomy, Navigation.
CS5 (a; Carlton II) £192 pr. inc. VAT, plus carr.í ins. £15.00 Satellite tracking.
CS7 (as Cantata) £250 pr. inc. VAT, plus carr.i ins. £18.00
If you have a time or synchronisation problem,
OweLUNDI write or phone for further details of our portable
0625 529599 and new microcomputer -controlled Radiocode
The firm ear Speakers
Clocks.
35/39 Church Street, Wilmslow, Cheshire SK9 1AS
1982 Catalogue -£ 1.50 post free Circuit Services, 6 Elmbridge Drive
Lightning service on telephoned credit card orders' Ruislip, Middlesex. Ruislip 76962
211.
Now, really reason

with IC's
With the new LM2A logic monitor from GSC, you can see
just what's going on in an integrated circuit for only £75.*
The LM2A's sixteen LED indicators show the static and
dynamic logic states of all the pins on 14 or 16 -pin IC
packages, and GSC's unique Proto -Clip provides rapid
reliable contact with the circuit
You can use the LM2A with different logic families, too. A
front -panel switch lets you select TTL or C-MOS, and a variable
threshold control covers any voltage from +1V to +9V for other
logic levels. It's small and light enough to hold in the hand, and
operation is simplicity itself
Take the logical course of action - fill in the coupon now
Price excluding P&P and 15% VA1
GLOBAL SPECIALTIES CORPORATION 1 G.S.C. (UK) Ltd., Dept. 7L, Unit 1, Shire Hill Industrial Estate, Saffron Walden, Essex CB11 3AQ
Model LM2A LOGIC MONITOR Unit price inc. P & P 15% VAT £88.55
I Only.
Name
I
Address
G.S.C. (UK) Limited, Dept. 7L I
Unit 1, Shire Hill Industrial Estate enclose cheque/P.O. for £
II or debit by Barclaycard/Access/
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FOR IMMEDIATE ACTION -The G.S.C. 24 hour, 5 day a week service. For FREE
Telephone: Saffron Walden (0799) 21682 3 Telephone (0799) 21682 and give us your Barclaycard, Access, American catalogue
Telex: 817477 Express number and your order will be in the post immediately. tick box
WIRELESS WORLD CCTOBER 1982 WW - 077 FOR FURTHER DETAILS 25

The microprocessor controlled EP4000 will - As a slave programmer used in con-
emulate and program all the popular junction with a software development
EPROMs including the 2704, 2708, 2716(3), system or microcomputer.
2508, 2758, 2516, 2716, 2532 and 2732 de-
vices. Personality cards and hardware
- As a real time EPROM emulator for
program debugging and development
changes are not required as the machine (standard access time of the emulator
configures itself for the different devices. is 300ns).
Other devices such as bipolar PROMs and
2764 and 2564 EPROMs are programmed Data can be loaded into the 4k x 8 static
with external modules. RAM from a pre-programmed EPROM, the
keypad, the serial or parallel ports and an
The editing and emulation facilities, audio cassette. Keypad editing allows for
video output and serial/parallel input/out- data entry, shift, move, delete, store,
put provided as standard make the EP4000 match and scroll, and a 1k x 8 RAM allows
very flexible to allow its use in three main temporary block storage. A video output
modes: for memory map display, as well as the
- As a stand alone unit for editing and built-in 8 digit hex display allows full use
duplicating EPROMs. of the editing facilities to be made.
Items pictured are: EP4000 Emulator BP4 (TEXAS) Bipolar PROM Programming
Programmer -
£545 + £12 delivery; -
module £190
BSC buffered simulator cable -
£39; Also available (not shown): VM10 Video
MESA 4 multi EPROM simulator cable - monitor - £99; UV141 EPROM Eraser
£98; 2732A Programming adaptor - with timer - £78; GP100A 80 column
£39; 2764 Programming adaptor £64; - Printer - £225; PI100 interface for
2564 Programming adaptor -
£64; EP4000 to GP100A £65. -
VAT should be added to all prices
DISTRIBUTORS REQUIRED EXPORT ENQUIRIES WELCOME

.:,.
Tel: Plymouth (0752) 332961
GP Industrial Electronics Ltd. Telex: 42513
Unit E, Huxley Close, Newnham Industrial Estate, Plymouth PL7 4JN
P8000 - THE PRODUCTION PROGRAMMER
THAT HANDLES ALL NMOS EPROMS
2704
2708
2716(3)
2508
2758A
27586
2516
2716
48076
2532
2732
2732A
Checks, Programs, Compares up to 8 devices simultaneously
68732-0
Handles all NMOS EPROMS up to projected 128K designs
-
with no personality modules or characterisers See list 68732-1
Easy to use, menu driven operation for blankcheck, program,
verify, illegal bit check, checksum, self -test
Constant display of device type, mode and fault codings
68766
Individual socket LED indicators for EPROM status
Comprehensive EPROM integrity checks -Illegal bit check, 68764
data and address shorts, constant power line monitoring
Full safeguard protection on all sockets
Automatic machine self -test routine
2764
Powered down sockets
Cost effective price - £695 + VAT 2564
Available from stock
MK2764
Write or phone for more details
DISTRIBUTORS REQUIRED EXPORT ENQUIRIES WELCOME

(0752) 332961
GP Industrial Electronics Ltd. elexl42513h
TTel:
Unit E, Huxley Close, Newnham Industrial Estate, Plymouth PL7 4JN

WIRELESS WORLD CCTOBER 1982 27

Marconi POPULAR FRONT
Type R1020
Hinged Antenna IN POWER
Column.
raise
lower
* Immensely strong, corrosion
resistant MATHWEB* g.r.p. column
in a rugged steel tabernacle
* Lightweight, easy to install, and can
be safely lowered by one man
* Can support a number of VHF/UHF
antennas Probably Europe's most popular bench power supply
* Column supplied in range of colours range. More than 50,000 in use. Nine models to choose
from (most with NATO stock numbers).
including ICAO orange/white, and
requires no painting or maintenance The Farnell L series feature large recessed meters,
* Available in heights from 11 to constant voltage or constant current, overload and
short circuit protection, coarse and fine controls, a
19.5 metres
separate output switch and LED indicators for mains on
and current limit.
THEY'RE EX -STOCK TOO!
Models available:
L50-05 0-50V, 0.5A
L30-1 0-30V, lA
L10 -3C' 0.10V, 3A
L30-2 0-30V, 2A
L30-5 0-30V, 5A
L12 -10C' 0-12V,10A
LT50-05 (twin) 2 x 0-50V, 0.5A
LT30-1 (twin) 2 x 0-30V, lA

OTHER MARCONI SUPPORT STRUCTURES
Include the MATHWEB* Lattice Antenna Mast Type LT30-2 (twin) 2 x 0-30V, 2A
R1010, and the Triangular Section Tubular Steel Self 'with adjustable overvoltage protection
Supporting Tower Type R1060.
For more information talk to Chris Pettitt, Marketing For quick delivery or specs. and prices contact
Manager, Antenna Systems Division.
*MAT HWE 8 the BP (-vow
Marconi #:larconi;
O Femen
Communication Systems
Antenna Systems Division FARNELL INSTRUMENTS LIMITED
Marconi Communication Systems Limited, WETHERBYWEST YORKSHIRE LS22 40HTELEPHONE 0937 61961
Lane Works, Waterhouse Lane, Chelmsford CM1 2QX, England TELEX 557294 FARIST S
Tel: 0245 353221 Telex: 99108 or Harpenden (05827) 69071
A GEC -Marconi Electronics Company

ONLY HB ELECTRONICS OFFER
SUCH A HIGH QUAS RANGE 7:'
AT SUCH UNBEATABLE PI ICES
Whatever your requirements in
soldering and desoldering equipment,
you won't find better value at such
competitive prices.
Just take a look
at these:
SOLDERING DESOLDERING
ACCESSORIES SYSTEMS &ACCESSORIES
DESOLDERING PUMP (7872)
. \' Aluminium
ht Anodised
heat resleteet
cord.
Lc
(+
EACH
88p VAT)
V'n/ Designed for
operation with one hand.
HEATER (76/77/78) DESOLDERING KIT (50DK)

£11-43(+£1.72VA ) Kit Includes: 9$ Tip Adaptor 04$ Slotted DIP
0882 Spring loaded de Ô
extractor
5013 Super -Wick
T.M.
Temperature Ranges 77 370°C (700°F) deeoldering
78 315°C (800°F) 78 430°C (800°F)
TIPS Long Life Interchangeable
Iron -clad, chrome plated
andpre-
£130
tinned.
ed. (+ 20p VAT)
80. Long Screwdriver 3.17mm
iZZZ 81. Screwdriver 5.95mm
82. Spade .79mm
83. Screwdriver 2.38mm EAT GUN (6966G)
Lightweight Heat
85. Stepped Spade 1.19mm Gun complete
88. Needle Tip 1.19mm with stand and
set of 4
0
87. Screwdriver 1.59mm
oaDER push -on
baffle
,,adaptors
mac, 92.
93.
Screwdriver
Screwdriver
3.17mm
.79mm SUR e
94. Short Conical .79mm DESem"

0131111.11SKI 95. Adaptor
Please add VAT to prices shown

For further details and comprehensive Post to HB Electronics (DEPT D.S.) Lever St, Bolton, Lancs
?be*
via
literature on all our products contact
this number today 0204 386361
or fill in the coupon.
QUANTITY PRODUCT NO. UNIT PRICE TOTAL PRICE
HB Electronics
LGANNINáij Lever Street, Bolton, Lancs.
CHEQUE
NAME
ADDRESS
POSTAL ORDER C TOTAL
ALL PRICES INCLUDE POST AND PACKING

The over and outperformer
SHUE
You simply can't make it
any clearer.
For the address of your nearest dealer together with full details of the Shure Microphone range, write to.
Shure Electronics Ltd.. Eccleston Road, Maidstone ME15 6AU or telephone: 0622 59881.
NNW 082 FOR FURTHER DETAILS

wireless
world
Vision of the future

Viewed dispassionately, broadcasting satellite broadcasts, would possibly be
information between fixed points on the somewhat cheaper.
Editor: earth seems to be a nonsense -a little like British Telecom are, after all, in the
PHILIP DARRINGTON throwing a bowlful of sugar in the air in business of cables, and have been since the
the expectation that some of it will fall into telephone; they would therefore seem to be
one's cup of coffee. the best people to instal, and supervise any
Deputy Editor: The UK is about to take the step of system of communications using cable as a
GEOFF SHORTER, B.Sc. laying broad -band cables (optical -fibre and medium. The BBC and IBA have
01-661 8639 copper coax.) to provide more television, unrivalled reputations in the production of
radio and interactive information services programmes and in the technical business
Technical Editor: in the home, at a cost of several thousand of broadcasting. Who better, then, to
MARTIN ECCLES million pounds. This use of cable is greatly continue to do so?.
01-661 8638 -
to be applauded not necessarily because The `nonsense' of broadcasting may not,
yet more television will be provided, but therefore, be quite as nonsensical as it
News Editor: because it at least makes possible the seems, so long as it can be kept well away
DAVID SCOBIE from those users who need radio
01-661 8632 eventual use of the radio spectrum at v.h.f.
and u.h.f. up to 1GHz for communication communication for other than
between mobile stations, which cannot use -
entertainment purposes the real users of
Drawing Office Manager: alternative means. radio.
ROGER GOODMAN The rush of information technology to
But there is some doubt, at least, that
the head evidently being experienced by
Technical illustrator: cable, used in the way recommended by the government could, if not regulated by
BETTY PALMER the Information Technology Advisory wise counsel, undo the years of effort by
Panel, is the best way of going about it. broadcasters to provide superbly well -
Advertisement Manager: Thirty channels, twenty of them for engineered and programmed services.
BOB NIBBS, A.C.I.I. entertainment, are proposed for the main There is no need for national cable
01-661 3130 network of optical fibre, but a reversion to television: its popularity in the US is only
copper in the form of coaxial cable for each in part due to the proliferation of channels
BARBARA MILLER group of users will reduce the bandwidth it affords. US television suffers from two
01-661 8640 -
to around 35MHz say four tv channels
handicaps vis-à-vis its UK counterpart -
and interactive information for banking, its use of the NTSC standard and its
Northern Sales: shopping, alarms, etc. infestation with `sponsorship'. NTSC does
HARRY AIKEN There seems little need to institute a
061-872 8861 not take kindly to the kind of terrain US
new programme of cable laying to provide -
cities provide phase errors more or less
not much more in the way of facilities than
Midland Sales: already exists, particularly when the new
ignored by PAL create chaos in NTSC -
BASIL McGOWAN and the kind of programmes Americans
Telecom digital telephone network will be receive from broadcast transmissions are
021-356 4838 able to handle the two-way information - not of the highest quality in the fest place.
tiroup Classified Manager:
-
teletex, and the rest quite adequately. If And yet only about a third of US homes
there is a real need for tens of channels of are connected to a cable. In the UK there
BRIAN DURRANT
01-6613106 television -a need felt by viewers, not would be even less point in taking cable
that experienced by those hoping to see the signals, where almost everyone can receive
IAN FAUX
first Lord Thomson of Fleet's remarks good signals and reasonably good
01-661 3033 about commercial television revived - programmes.
then a direct -broadcasting satellite is the Why the need for haste? It seems
Production:. answer. unlikely that the increased export market
BRIAN BANNISTER Given a commercial incentive, it seems for programmes and services anticipated
(Make-up and copy) more than likely that small dish aerials and by Kenneth Baker at Communications '82
01-661 8648 down -converters could be manufactured at would materialize, and a sudden Cabinet
a reasonable cost, and the compromise fascination with IT is not a good reason for
solution, microwave distribution of impetuous change in the name of progress.

31
MODULAR
PREAMPLIFIER
A matching unit to the 80-100W power amplifier
described in the June, July and August issues of
Wireless World. Each circuit in the design is separate,
and can be included or omitted, as desired, or switched in and out from the front
panel. The design includes a noise blanker and image -width control
In the July 1969 issue of Wireless World, by J. L. Linsley Hood necessary than the types of circuit block
and in a subsequent postscript in De- which were merely a large improvement on
cember 1970, I described a `Modular pre- a rather off-colour 1950 d.i.y. hotch-
amplifier' which I had built to drive a potch. I have, therefore, tried to take a
Williamson (valve -operated) audio power quired by lengths of screened cable with- new look at what could or should be pro-
amplifier (subsequently replaced by a pair out the need to worry about any audible vided in the way of signal amplification
of 10 watt, class 'A' transistor -operated degradation of frequency response. and conditioning prior to the main power
power amps). In the event, it became clear that a mod- amplifier stage, and to put together cir-
This preamplifier was of modular form ular design of this type had many attrac- cuits which would meet these require-
almost by accident, in that it was intended tions for potential constructors, in that ments with the greatest economy in circuit
to fit, with the minimum of inconvenience, they could use those bits which fitted their design consistent with the type of perform-
into odd corners within the massive an- needs, and ignore those for which they had ance now expected from such equipment.
tique oak 'radiogram' cabinet which cur- no requirement. The attractiveness of this The task of the circuit designer in this
rently housed the Williamson power am- approach has remained with me, and was field has been enormously assisted by the
plifer, the turntable, a home-made very much in my mind when I considered availability of low -noise, low-distortion in-
communications receiver, and the existing what type of signal conditioning stages I tegrated circuit operational amplifiers of
valve preamplifier - together with a short should use to precede the 80-100 watt the Texas Instruments 'TL071-TL072'
exponential-horn loudspeaker unit! To re- power amplifier, if these were to be of series, and its equivalents such as the NS
move the valve preamplifier was too diffi- interest to anyone other than myself. `LF351-LF353'.* Under proper condi-
cult a task, since it was integral with the However, much has changed since 1969, tions of use, these can give a total har-
demodulator and i.f. stages of the radio and it was apparent that in the fiercely monic distortion, over the whole effective
receiver, so its replacements would have to competitive and highly demanding world audio bandwidth, of the order of 0.01% at
fit in where they could. This necessitated of 'Hi-fi' of the 1980s, much more was 10 volts r.m.s. output, and with an
the assembly of the pre -amp. circuit from a effective input noise resistance of the order
series of modules having a low output im- FIg. 1. Layout of modules in preamplifier of 2000 ohms or less. This makes it a
pedance and a high input impedance, so assembly, shown in the mode adopted for * An article by J.L.L.H. on these integrated
that they could be interconnected as re - normal input from a good quality record. circuits appeared in WW, September, 1982.
Inputs Balance
-Gm_/ 2mV rm s
\ RIA.A
correction
stage
400
80»V
L Moving
coil p.0
o
mV
rms Cancel Cancel
L
pre amp.
rm s Radio
Noise Stereo image
blanker width control
o-
'
Mic On Aux I
Microphone On To switched output 7kHz
off "" amplitier
on Aux II
Aux II
I
12kHz
Lr
Inc. Red.
Treble
filter
0 77V rms.
LCancel Cancel Cancel Cancel

0 77V rm s
Rumble Tone control

filter stage From
From other channe
3 head tape L
recorde teed On
Power supply Volume
feed to To power
L 1A
+ modules amplifier
*15V
Off
A Power
mains «--
N
supply unit
OV Signal feed
switch Channel reversal
switch
o 15V
1 Headphone
outputs

sensible proposition to envisage the pre-
amplifier mod ales operating at the 0dB +25V out
Z D1 D2 IC1 7815
level (referred to 0.774V r.m.s. in 60052),
employing this type of op. amp. gain O---aa S1n lA
20
2200} {
block, to give both an adequate overload Bottom view

+15V out
margin and a negligible contribution to C3 T104
total circuit noise and distortion. (The gain 0V
characteristics of the power amplifier unit IC2 7915 C4 '100»
20
were chosen to give maximum output at C2"-' o - 15V Out
0.774 V r.m.s. input).
I should, perhaps, explain at this point
that my decisioa to use conventional 'au-
03 I 041 12200»
Top view
-25V out
dio-oriented' operational amplifiers, rather

than the many, often equally good, special-
Fig. 2. Circuit diagram of power supply. Toroidal transformer from RS Components.
purpose `consumer' circuit blocks which
are readily available, is due mainly to These stages are all based, where practi- supply lines. In addition, a pair of less well
inward doubts on my part as to whether cable, on the use of dual fet-input, low- smoothed 25V lines are provided for the
such consumer ics, with their special cir- noise operational amplifiers (TL072 or headphone amplifier circuit, to avoid the
cuit applications and their unique package equivalent) operated from ± 15V d.c. possible intrusion of undesirable high -cur-
and pin configurations, have an adequate supply lines, which are derived from a rent signal components into the voltage
guarantee of availability. Certainly some of conventional bridge-rectifier power supply supply lines used to power the early, small
these introduced during the 1970s have via a pair of positive and negative output signal, stages.
long since vanished, while the 8 -pin dil or integrated -circuit voltage stabilizers Although small toroidal transformers
T099 -based 741 and its successors have (7815/7915 series). This gives a signal line are substantially more expensive than their
gone from strength to strength, as process which normally resides within 15mV of the È' and Ì' cored counterparts, the very low
or technology improvements have been OV centre-line potential, and eliminates external magnetic field associated with
incorporated into 741 pin-compatible de- clicks when stages are switched in or out of these toroids make it very much easier to
-
signs such as the TL071! circuit. incorporate a power supply on to the pre -
I have shown the layout of the prototype amp. chassis, without hum problems.
preamplifier, in block diagram form, in Even so, care should be exercised in the
Basic design philosophy Fig. 1, though I expect that most potential disposition of the wiring associated with
The intention of crie design is to handle the users would wish to employ a simpler com- the inputs to the microphone amp., the
signal, at all stages after the input -signal bination of these component modules. RIAA stage, and, particularly, with regard
amplification, at a low impedance - say
With this last thought in mind, I have to the moving -coil head amplifier. All in
600 ohms - and a peak signal level not described the modules, not in the sequence
in which they have been listed above, but
all, I think the extra cost of the toroidal
transformer is amply justified.
greatly in excess of 0.774 V r.m.s. through
a series of optional, unity -gain, non -invert-
in their order of practical importance from
ing conditioning modules (there is one ex- the point of view of the user wishing to Mixer stage (Fig. 3)
ception to this, to which I shall refer later). build the simplest of the possible useful Although most normal usage of any pre-
They can be included or omitted as re- combinations. amplifier will not require any form of sig-
quired without design problems, or indeed nal mixing, nevertheless some form of in-
- as in the case of the prototype - in-
Power supply unit (Fig. 2) put amplification and impedance
cluded physically out omitted or selected This is of simple and conventional form, transformation will be needed for most
by means of a switch. This allows the sig- using a small, LOVA 20-0-20 volt p.c.b.- likely external input sources if it is in-
nal handling chain to have as few elements mounted toroidal transformer, a bridge tended to handle the signal through the
in its sequence as is necessary, while allow- connected rectifier, and a pair of inte- remaining stages of the preamp. at 0.77V
ing the inclusion of other stages as and grated -circuit voltage regulators giving a r.m.s. and a nominal 600 ohms line im-
when these are thought to be useful. The smooth, reasonably ripple -free pair of 15V pedance. Nothing will be lost, therefore,
modules I have included in this design are:
a microphone amplifier; a low -noise, low -
impedance head -amplifier intended (a) R5 PR4o / Balance (see text)
specifically for use with moving -coil pick-
ups; a two-stage `series -shunt' RIAA-char-
acteristic pick-up input amplifier; and a
Aux II c-- S2a
0-1
CS
270n
PR1
470k
a R1
82k
270k
i9- 470k
four -input, virtual -earth mixer stage. The 10p
output signal level from this stage is at a Aux I o

C6 PR2 a R2 +15
nominal 0.774V, 600 ohms impedance, S30 470k 82k R7
-7
270n
and the subsequent stages operate at this Output (L)
level. These are: a noise -blanker stage to
minimize the annoying intrusion of `clicks'
Radio c
PR
,3i-R3
AA, IC3 I
560
S4a 270n 470k 82k -15

due to scratches on records; a stereo
ìmage -width' control stage; a two -fre-
quency, variable -slope treble filter; an
eight -octave ± 3dB additive lift or cut tone-
Gram o
S5a
C8
p
VVV
R4
220k
bzTL072
R6 PR4
r- 0V
control stage; a rumble filter having a steep 270k 470k

cut (approximately -22dB/octave) below C10
30Hz; and a signal strength display meter.

10p
For convenience in the use of the pre-
amplifier when recording on to tape from
R8
the microphone inputs, I have also in- Eout Output (R)
cluded a separate, twin -output headphone 560
IC3
amplifier, in parallel with the switchable
1/2T L072
output to the main amplifier. This allows
the preamplifier to be used on its own as a
very high quality system for private Fig. 3. Input mixer and buffer stage is at (a) Careless wiring of balance control could
headphone listening. introduce stray capacitance, resulting h.f. lift configuration at (b).
in economy or simplicity, if the input buf- small capacitors (C9 and C10), of 5-l0pF pulates the response curve generated by
fer amplifier is arranged as a `virtual-earth' value, is to preclude possible instability three time constants - 3180, 318 and 75
mixer stage, which can operate equally due to this type of stray capacitance. An microseconds. This leads to the well-
well with a single or with multiple inputs. ideal embodiment of this circuit would be known curve shown in Fig. 4(a) in which
A minor inconvenience does arise, to enclose it within a small metal box, the 3dB break points occur at 50.05Hz,
however, in this context, due to what I within which the balance pot. could be 5OO.5Hz and 2122.1Hz, and in which the
think of as the absurd DIN convention for fixed, and short, unscreened leads used in response at 21.221kHz and the l.f. asymp-
signal outputs from such things as radio its wiring. tote below 20Hz are respectively -2OdB
receivers and tape recorders. This stipu- On setting up, the input potentiometers and +2OdB with respect to 1kHz. Part of
lates an output operating effectively as a (and the gain pots within the RIAA stage) the performance shortcomings of even
constant -current source, giving an output should be set so that the signal levels on all well-known and prestigious commercial
voltage of lmV for each lkfl of load resis- the inputs peak at about the 1V level units stem from the almost universal adop-
tance. This cannot give a decent signal to (OdB+3dB). tion of the equalization circuit arrange-
noise ratio at load impedances much less ment shown in Fig. 5(c), which employs
than some 1OOkf1, and at this value or Series -shunt RIAA equalizing series -connected feedback. This is done
above, care must be taken to avoid stage (Fig. 6) because it allows a lower apparent input
electrostatically induced 5OHz ripple. The Few aspects of audio engineering have noise component when measured under
need to cater for inputs of this type has generated so much debate as that con- input short circuit conditions, although
forced the adoption in this circuit of com- cerned with the niceties of the frequency this advantage is lessened when measured
ponent resistor values which are much response correction required for the repro- with pick-up cartridge inductance in cir-
higher than I would otherwise have pre- duction of RIAA-standard gramophone cuit. The snag with the arrangement of
ferred. If the user intends only to use the recordings. This debate is, I think, fully 5(c) is that it has a gain characteristic
circuit with signal sources having output justified since so many of the circuit con- which tends to unity at high frequencies,
impedances of 1Okf1 or lower, all of the figurations employed to achieve this aim, as shown in Fig. 4(b), which gives a tran-
resistor values in the circuit can be re- even when apparently quite well designed, sient response to the system which is signi-
duced, with advantage, by a factor of 10, can be shown by mathematical analysis, ficantly different from that ideally re-
which will much reduce 'hum' pick-up and when all the appropriate circuit parameters quired, and this difference is, in my
similar problems. If this is done, however, are included, to perform relatively badly. experience, quite audible.
the capacitor values, with the exception of The basic RIAA replay specification sti- The possible configurations which can
C9 and C10 should be proportionally in-
creased.
+20db
Only one channel is fully drawn in Fig.
3(a): the other channel is identical with the 50 05
17db
exception of the connexions to the 'bal- Hz
ance' potentiometers (PRi(a) and PR(b)) 500 5Hz +3db

which are reversed, so that one half will 0db
increase in value as the other is reduced. 30Hz 1kHz -3db
One point should be noted, however, in 21221kHz
wiring this potentiometer - screened 20db
cable should only be used for this as a last 21 221kHz
resort, if the siting of the mixer circuit
board makes it essential, since the effect of Fig. 4. RIAA recommended equalization be used to provide the RIAA characteristic
stray capacitance will be to form the circuit characteristic (a). Curve at (b) shows compensation are shown in Fig. 5. An
shown in Fig 3(b), which operates as an response of series -feedback circuit seen at almost perfect approach to the required
h.f. 'lift' configuration. The purpose of the Fig. 5 (c). curve is possible with the passive network
of (a) and the shunt feedback system of
(b). The difficulty in the case of (a) is that
R1
some form of input buffer amplifier stage
Eout is necessary, and this will work under non-
Ein
ideal conditions of high signal inputs at
7T high frequencies, leading to problems of
overload margins. For this reason it is sel-
C2
1 Rp
R n
dom employed commercially. The some-
Eout what less good overall noise figure asso-
T 0V
ciated with the circuit arrangement of (b)
has also ensured its neglect in commercial
designs, even though it has the merits of
simplicity and accuracy of frequency and
Eout - out transient response. The inherent unity
gain at h.f. characteristic of (c) presents
the circuit designer with a problem, in that
the unwanted h.f. break-point depends on
the feedback factor. If a low closed -loop
gain is used, to allow a high measure of
n.f.b. in the interests of circuit linearity
R2
and constancy of input impedance, the
Eout
upper break point will occur at a lower,
and more instrusive, part of the frequency
spectrum. On the other hand, a high
C2 closed -loop gain may not offer adequate
tout circuit performance.
A solution to this dilemma may be found
(el --OV IOV in the addition of a supplementary CR
Fig. 5. Possible RIAA correction circuit arrangements: passive circuit (a); shunt feedback time -constant, as shown in (d), to
(b); series feedback (c); series feedback with h.f. correction RC; series plus passive network; straighten out the unwanted h.f. break-
series/shunt feedback. point due to the amplifier reverting to
34
Table 1
Gain of RIAA stage as a function of
signal frequency Lin
F7iHz) Gain
(dB) 22
10 60.33 due to input coupling ca-
pacitor and feedback d.c.
blocking capacitor (C,1
and C114) 2
1
20
30
61.25
60.64
iti\AAP,R20
R10 R9
T
C17
50 58.96 R;e
100 55.05
200 50.06 flA1CAtTr1 , R9
500.5 44.47
1k 41.63
2122.1 38.81
3k 36.89 1R,6
5k 33.41
10k 27.89 Tr 5
21.221k 21.67
R13
Note. The recent amendment to the RIAA
recommended curve below 30Hz is in-
tended to take recognition of unwanted
v.l.f. components of signal output and is
.
014...1^
R12 R13 R12 , :.
R
in °
redundant where ancillary rumble filtering Rg. 7. Printed-board pattern and component
is available.
layout for RIAA stage.
unity gain. This, however, leaves the

query as to why, if a passive h.f. integrat-
ing time -constant is to be employed at all, substantially increase the cost of the input long-tailed pair and the output class
this should not have the 75µs characteristic system in comparison with that of (e). A amplifier stage (Tr6). The RC network
called for by the RIAA specification, Moreover, the independence of the overall C14, C15, R15, R16, R17, R18, R19 and R25
leading to the system of (e), which has performance, apart from gain, of the cir- provides the required frequency response
been used for some years by one or two of cuit in respect of the value of Rn allows adjustment for the 10Hz-1kHz part of the
the more thoughtful manufacturers. This this to be used to set the overall RIAA RIAA curve, while the network C18, R20
can have an almost ideal frequency and stage gain. In view of these many advan- and R21 gives the necessary 751.ts de -em-
transient response, and its only snag is that tages I have used this `series -shunt', two - phasis to generate that part of the curve
the inherent attenuation of the output inte- stage configuration as the RIAA input from 1kHz upwards.
gration network requires that the output of stage in this design. Because the target The input integration network R10 and
the amplifier Al must be fairly large at noise resistance, referred to the input, was C12 lessens the possibility of radio signal
h.f., which lessens the possible overload 500 ohms, which is lower than can be breakthrough, and the potentiometer PR5
margins of the system. obtained from currently available i.c. allows the output signal voltage to be ad-
This difficulty can be removed if the operational amplifiers, I have used a justed to a level adequately close to OV, if it
passive integration network is replaced by discrete component design for the input is desired to operate the amplifier in a
an active stage, as shown in (f), which stage. The circuit of this is shown in Fig. completely direct -coupled mode to
results in a very satisfactory solution to the 6. minimize v.l.f. phase -shifts. The calcu-
various conflicting requirements of this This is of conventional form, employing lated frequency response of the RIAA
stage, and, in view of the ready availability an input long-tailed pair of low-noise p -n -p stage, for all the component values shown,
of high quality i.cs, having a satisfactorily transistors (Tr1, Tr2) driving a current - is given in Table 1. In this the l.f. open -
low noise component at the signal levels mirror load (Tr4, Tr5). Transistors Tr3 and loop gains of the two amplifier stages are
associated with this second stage, does not Tr7 are constant -current sources for the assumed to be 100,000 (which is close to
+15V
1k
D5 1N 4148
R11 t 82
T
I-
R23
Rg. 6. Final series/shunt D6 1N4148 C16
400N
RIAA equalizing stage of
Tr 7
one preamplifier channel. Tr 3 1
-
I,8
22k
BC 448 ln
BC 212 R14 R17 R20
OV 68k 150k
[11 R10
Tri
PR5
1
220 Tr2
R15
2k7
---Mr- R19
1M5
W R21
150k
R25 [17 PR6 P24
BC214C BC214C
Input
from p.u.
270
270
33k
R18 C15
4}u 47k 4k7 +_ R22
560
Output
to mixer
R16 470
R9 47k C12
T220p
[14 100p ro:
TLC72
OV o
OV
Tr6
BC447
Tr4 I Try
BC 183 BC183
C13 220p
Rt2 150 R13 150
15V
35
FIB. 8. Response of equalizing circuits to variable -reluctance cartridges have output
Table 2 Performance of RIAA stage square -wave input. Passive circuit of Fig. 5(a) signal levels in the range 0.5-2mV/cm/s
Maximum output voltage swing 10V r.m.s. produces curve (a); curve (b) is output of recorded velocity. The highest modulation
Distortion at 10V r.m.s. and 1kHz 0.01% system when conventional series -feedback levels capable of being traced by the best of
Distortion at 10V r.m.s. and 20kHz 0.018% equalizer is used; series/shunt circuit chosen modern cartridges are of the order of
Current consumption (two channels) 17mA and shown in Fig. 6 produces trace at (c). 40cm/s, but, in general, the maximum
Distortion at 0.774V r.m.s. and 1kHz 0.003% groove velocities will be a good bit less
Input noise resistance 450 ohms when it is driven by an input 1kHz square than this. These very high modulation
(Measured with first stage only, and with wave. That of a passive RC equalizing levels also only occur at frequencies in
feedback network adjusted to give a flat
response gain of 100x. Input s/c, mea- network is shown at (a), that from a con- excess of kHz - since at lower frequen-
surement bandwidth 250kHz, temperature ventional series -feedback system with an cies there would be a substantial risk of
20°C.) upper gain asymptote of 25kHz at (b), and groove breakthrough. The first stage gain
Mains hum components (50 and 100Hz) that from the series -shunt feedback system at 1kHz is 28.58dB (26.85x) which would
-100d8 ref. 0.774V adopted in Fig. 6 in that of (c). This is very give a worst possible output voltage of
when fed from recommended power similar in shape to that given by the pass- 2.15V at the collector of Tr6. The clipping
supply. ive network. level at this point is 10.2V r.m.s., which
gives an adequate margin for overload
the expected value), and a value of 10kfl is
assumed for the total value of PR6+R24 - Overload margin avoidance. The gain of the second stage
An important design characteristic in any can be made as low as necessary by adjust-
this will only affect the gain, not the fre- ment to PR6. The 47kí l value suggested is
quency response. The conformity of the
input stage, where this precedes any signal
level control, is its ability to avoid input likely to cover all practical cartridge re-
frequency response to the RIAA standard, quirements.
overloads. Typical moving-magnet and
using preferred -value resistors and capaci-
tors, is within 0.2dB over this frequency
range. In view of likely component
tolerances it does not seem profitable to
aim for a closer fit than this. The other
performance characteristics of the circuit
are listed in Table 2.
Since the layout of the circuit may be
critical to its performance, I am showing
the p.c.b. layout employed in the proto-
type in Fig. 7. Measurements on the per-
formance of this showed agreement with
the calculated results within the 0.5dB
level of confidence in the accuracy of test
instruments and signal sources.
To illustrate the differences in the tran-
sient response given by the various pos-
sible types of RIAA equalizing stage, Fig.
8 shows the output given by the system
Practical preamplifier system

Although the complete preamplifier, in its
prototype form, contains more modules
than this, a very satisfactory performance
will be given, under most normal condi-
tions, by the relatively simple system built
up from the units described above, com-
prising the RIAA input stage, the mixer
module, and the ±15 volt d.c. power
supply unit, with the power amplifier stage
fed directly from a 10kí1 log. dual-gang
pot connected to the output of the mixer
module, as shown in Fig. 1. Indeed, for
the bulk of my own listening, this is all I
leave switched into circuit.
The remaining modules and some con-
structional notes will be given in the fol-
lowing parts of this article.
36
THE ETHER
AN ASSESSMENT
Does the ether exist? Dr Aspden shows that Oliver Heaviside's insight could have pre-
empted Einstein's success with the General Theory of Relativity and encouraged
investigations into the properties of the ether.
Though relativity has very little bearing by H. Aspden* propagation suggesting that the Earth's
upon the practical problems of radio West -East motion due to its rotation can
transmission, it does preclude belief in the Ph.D., B.Sc., F.I.E.E. be directly measured as a linear velocity by
ether and wave propagation as optical techniques.
contemplated by Maxwell, leaving us with On such a course, the ether is destined
no tangible alternative. Until we have a Gerber, then deceased, was unable to for reacceptance and Einstein's theory may
better understanding of the vacuum defend his theory against attack. It was in have to yield ground. There is, therefore,
medium and the way in which it regulates error; the direct propagation of purpose in reassessing the ether and its
electromagnetic wave motion, it is likely gravitational action between sun and properties, and in this quest we will again
that Einstein's ideas will be questioned. planet at the speed of light only gives a be mindful of Heaviside. It is to his great
Essex, writing about relativity and time partial account of the anomaly. credit that he discovered how to design a
signals (Wireless World, October 1978), Meanwhile, as we may read from the telegraph line capable of propagating
and Wellard, writing about the work of opening passage of Leon Brillouin's book signals without distortion. The inductive
James Clerk Maxwell (Wireless World, `Relativity Reexamined'', Heaviside, in and capacitative properties of a telegraph
March and May, 1981), both evoke this 1893, had pointed out that `to form any line cause the speed of propagation to
controversy. notion at all of the flux of gravitational depend upon frequency. By appropriate
In fact, special relativity, which dates energy, we must first localize the energy'. matching of these properties, as well as
from 1905, has very dubious support, If this is taken to heart, it leads us to resistance and leakance, the attenuated
because alternative explanation of E = recognize that the flow of gravitational signal can propagate without distortion.
Mc2 and mass increase with speed is energy is not directly along the line Now, electromagnetic waves propagate
available from textbooks on classical between sun and planet, but is, of through the ether without distortion and,
electromagnetism'. Besides, the necessity, via a longer route. The energy though the ether is not subject to
transmutation of mass and energy, the must flow from one of these bodies to the resistance and leakance, it does have
basis of E = Mc2, was recognized by surrounding field and then from the field inductance and capacitance, because there
Jeans, writing in 1904, one year before to the other body. This modifies the are magnetic fields and electric fields in the
Einstein introduced his theory'. How, resulting retardation of gravitational action vacuum.
then, can we have confidence in relativity, and affects the perihelion motion Nature, anticipating Heaviside's
when Essen demonstrates so convincingly accordingly. The result, as the authors has contribution to telegraphic
the absurdity of expecting time to pass at a shown, is in exact accord with that communication, has provided that extra
different rate when perceived by different originally predicted by Gerber. Einstein's something in the ether to secure
observers in relative motion? Law of Gravitation, the only significant distortionless signal propagation. This
Einstein's theory really depends, for its consequence of his general relativity becomes an important clue in our quest to
acceptance, principally upon the success of theory, can be deduced by a simple understand more about the ether.
the later 1916 General Theory of classical analysis, which exploits the According to its dictionary definition,
Relativity, which brought a slight intuitive remark of Oliver Heaviside èther' is 'a medium, not matter, that has
modification to Newton's Law of dating from 1893. been assumed to fill all space and transmit
Gravitation. The successive elliptical This, :n itself, does not prove that electromagnetic waves'. With such
orbits of the planet Mercury were known Einstein's theory is wrong. We do, definition, the èther' remains valid
to have a progressive advance, part of however, have viable alternative theory terminology. The problem which some
which was anomalous, as judged from which is quite simple, and one must wait scientists have in accepting the existence of
Newton's Law. Einstein's Law gave the for the experimental evidence to direct us the ether arises from a further assumption
right answer and relativity was thereby on the right course. This evidence is likely that the ether cannot adapt to its
acclaimed. to come from measurements evidencing environment and so must regulate the
Einstein made no reference to an earlier the properties of the ether. Already, in constancy of the speed of light in a
paper by Gerber', entitled 'The Space and 1980, we have the experimental data of universal frame of reference. When motion
Time Propagation of Gravitation'. It Graham and Lahoz6 showing that the ether of the Earth about the sun could not be
appeared in 1898, eighteen years before can assert a force, and supporting detected by speed of light measurements in
Einstein wrote on the subject, and gave Maxwell. Burrows (Letter to the Editor, the laboratory frame, the very existence of
precisely the same formula for the advance Wireless World, October 1981) asserts that the ether came under challenge. Yet what
of Mercury's perihelion as that presented this is a one-off measurement needing logic is there in saying that A is believed to
by Einstein. Gerber's paper explained how verification. It is nevertheless backed by have property B, but we cannot detect
the anomalous perihelion motion of the the discovery that the Earth's cosmic property B, so A does not exist? Surely,
planet could be explained by recognizing motion through space at a speed of some the only valid conclusion is that A may still
that gravitation propagated at the speed of 400 km/s can be detected by measuring exist but it appears not to have property B.
light. When Einstein's paper appeared in anisotropy in the intensity of the 3K Why bother? We have Maxwell's
Ann. d. Phys. in 1916, a colleague of background radiation. (See article entitled equations and we have relativity. The
Gerber arranged for the publication of an 'The Cosmic Background Radiation and latter tells us not to expect to detect
updated version of Gerber's work in the the New Aether Drift' in Scientific anything at all except according to physical
1917 issue of this same journal. However, American, May 1978). Furthermore, as we laws which adapt to the reference frame of
shall see below, it is supported by other an observer. Without an observer, whether
*IBM United Kingdom Ltd. evidence on electromagnetic -wave real or hypothetical, there can, in
relativity, be no definitive physical of the crystal. One should than bear in other hand, if such experiments permit
phenomena. Hence we are supposed to live mind that energy quanta of sufficient comparison of the speed of light East-West
in a somewhat abstract world and are strength can induce the creation of versus West -East and afford a measure of
encouraged not to seek to understand the electron-positron pairs in the vacuum. linear speed difference, it is relativity that
universal and uniform nature of whatever This suggests that the ether sets a critical is in difficulty. With the advance of optical
it is that permeates the vacuum and frequency threshold vo and so may have an measurement techniques, it should soon
regulates electromagnetic wave electrical structure conforming with this be possible to resolve this question.
propagation. resonant frequency. Thus, in proposing a For translational motion with the Earth,
I have good reason for believing that a kind of crystal structure for the vacuum the vacuum structure acquires a linear
great deal of opportunity is being missed in medium and establishing, as I have, that displacement. Clearly, any displacement of
scientific and technological research by it has a natural frequency vo given by electric charge in the vacuum must be
accepting doctrinaire theory and not mc2/h, the Compton frequency of the transitory and oscillatory, unless it is
keeping an open mind on this ether electron of mass m, one is led directly into balanced by a matching counterflow or
question. For example, it is to the credit of the question of dispersion. reverse displacement of some of the charge
those engaged in precision measurement in Before dealing with this, consider first present. Otherwise there would be a steady
fundamental physics that some constants the other problem. Michelson's build-up of charge and an ever-increasing
can now be determined to a few parts in experiments towards the end of the 19th electric field. One may, therefore,
1012. Such precision defies imagination if century have shown that the Earth itself visualize the vacuum as having two charge
related to the measurement tasks we determines the local frame in which light structures capable of moving through one
undertake domestically or in industry. has a speed c independent of direction. another in opposite directions. This is
Yet, what is really fascinating is that This is not in the least surprising if we quite possible because there are no rigid
Nature is actually able to regulate physical admit the vacuum medium to be bonds between the charges, just electric
quantities universally and hold them stable electrically -structured. Lorentz has shown field interactions.
to such accuracy, notwithstanding that, according to classical electron theory, It is this dual structure for charge
environmental fluctuations, wherever we the speed of light in matter depends upon displacement that is the key. The primary
look in the universe. This surely suggests a electron density and the oscillation period structure moves forward with the Earth.
fundamental mechanisms and a reference of such electrons in material media. The secondary structure moves through
or control medium, having a universal Electron density does not depend upon the primary structure in the reverse
metric binding all matter together as part rotation, nor is it a vector. Therefore, the direction and, by analogy with an optical
of a common system. To me, this is the speed of light (as opposed to its direction) effect named after Fresnel, we expect this
primary role of the so-called ether, with should be unaffected by rotation. Hence, if reverse flow to affect the speed of light
the light propagation characteristic there is any theoretical connexion or through the primary structure. Fresnel's
assuming secondary importance. analogy between this situation in matter theory explains why the speed of light
By postulating an electric but neutral and what may govern the speed of light in increases in proportion to u(1-1/µ2), where
medium of the simplest possible kind and vacuum, the expectation must be that, in u is the velocity of the disturbing medium
analyzing its structure, as if it were a kind the laboratory vacuum, the speed of light and 1.1is the applicable refractive index.
of invisible and elusive crystal extending is referred to the Earth's inertial (non- This can be deduced from electron theory,
throughout space, the author, in rotating) frame. An experiment aimed at but it has been verified by experiments in
collaboration with Dr Eagles of the detecting the Earth's rotation using optical which the speed of light through moving
National Standards Laboratory in techniques referred to the vacuum should water is measured.
Australia, has found it possible to deduce give a positive result. Applying this same theory to the
fundamental constants (notably a = Such an experiment was performed by vacuum itself, and recognizing the counter
2ne2/hc) to the measured accuracy of less Michelson in 1925, confirming the displacement, it is an easy matter to arrive
than one part per million. It is this that has classical expectation from ether theory by at the result discovered experimentally by
committed me to a course of scientific sensing the Earth's rotation. Earlier, the Michelson-Morley observations.
enquiry founded upon a positive belief in Sagnac had sensed the rotation of optical Let there be N like charges, e, per unit
the ether rather than a passive acceptance apparatus by speed of light measurement, volume within an electrical continuum of
of a rather sterile theory of relativity. a technique now applied in the ring -laser uniform but opposite charge density a.
In the above expression, e is the electric gyro. It is assumed that detection of speed Then:
charge of the electron, h is Planck's of rotation accords with relativity, owing
constant and c is the speed of light in to parts of the rotating apparatus having Ne=a (1)
vacuo. Hence the dependence of a upon motion relative to other parts. On the Let N1 and N2 denote the population
the metric of the ether medium is very
closely related to electomagnetic wave
propagation, because E = hv, Planck's
radiation law, signifies the energy of
quanta propagated as electromagnetic
disturbances at the speed of light and at
frequency v.
It is a relatively simple task to show that
this structured vacuum medium can
accommodate to the propagation
properties of electromagnetic waves, and
particularly on two basic counts. These
are: (a) the fact that the speed of
propagation is referred not to an absolute
frame but to one which can adapt to the
reference frame of an Earthly observer and
(b) the equally important fact that light
travelling in true vacuum suffers no
dispersion resulting from its speed varying
with frequency.
From the optical characteristics of ionic
crystals it is known that there is
dispersion, significant at frequencies in the 'Being a physicist, Nurse, he may be allergic to ether, but ask him if he wants our high-
vicinity of the natural resonant frequency speed rejuvenation treatment. Oh, and the nearest Relativist to contact if it fails.
38
density in the primary structure and the where x is x1 + 12, x1 and 12 being the
secondary structure, respectively. Then: respective displacements of the primary
N=Ni+N2 (2) and secondary structures and x2 being a
On electron theory, the propagation negative quantity. The restoring force on
velocity is proportional to (nee/m)', where charge e is then:
there are n charges e of mass m per unit Ve = 4naex (7)
volume, also having a resonant mode at
frequency given by the angular velocity w: The energy stored by this displacement is
2naex2, owing to the linear force rate, and,
w2 = 4nne2/m (3)
in energy density terms, this becomes
From the properties of matter, we know 2no2x2, which, from (7), is V2/8n, as
that the propagation velocity in a expected. This is also V2CV2, where C is
structured medium is given by (13/p)1/2, the capacitance per unit volume, and so C
where P is the pressure modulus of the is 1/4n.
medium and p its mass density.
These considerations guide us to the Under dynamic conditions, we can
equate the force given by (7) with mx1 to
formula: The Author find a resonant angular frequency w. (7)
ci = (P/Nim)y (4) Following electrical engineering studies becomes 4naekxli where loci is x. Thus,
for the speed of light c1 set by the primary at Manchester University and two years from (1):
vacuum structure, where p becomes Nim. of graduate training in industry, Harold
Aspden did Ph.D. research on w2= 4nNe2k/m (8)
P becomes the pressure or energy density
modulus of this primary structure. magnetism at Trinity College, At the threshold angular frequency 2nvo
Let v denote the velocity of the primary Cambridge. Shortly after embarking on = coo and this applies for the zero counter -
a career in the patents profession, some
structure and u the velocity of the 29 years ago, he had an idea on
displacement condition for which x = xi
secondary structure in reverse flow. The electromagnetic reaction which and k = 1. Thus, since k is 1 + x2/xi,
linear momentum of the vacuum has to be intrigued him and led to a firm belief in (w/w0)2 becomes 1 + x2/xi, showing how
zero unless there is a steady build-up of the need for an ether. Dr Aspden has the frequency w is codified by the ratio of
electric field. Henze: had success in his chosen career, the displacements. (x2 is negative.)
vN1 + uN2 = 0 (5) having directed IBM's European Patent The value of the inductance L per unit
Operations for the last 18 years, but his volume is readily found from (8), because
Even in the absence of matter, the ambition is to achieve success in his w2 is 1/LC and C is 1/4n. We find that L is
vacuum has a refractive index ti referenced private quest to bring the ether back (p/a2)/k.
on the primary structure and attributable into favour. The very substantial
to the disturbing effect of the secondary scientific potential which Dr Aspden Such analysis assures us that the vacuum
structure. This is simply: sees in an ether revival is evident from medium does not forcibly respond to the
his book 'Physics Unified, published in dynamic frequency characteristics of a
µ = c/ci (6)
1980. signal. It propagates the primary and
secondary displacements and the local
The speed of light in the frame of vacuum resonates at the optimum
reference set by (5), the rest frame, then information implies comparison of signal frequency set by these displacements. In
becomes c, the value set by the combined strengths at two points in time or two this way the signal frequency is preserved
effect of the primary and secondary points in space. However, given dual over vast distances.
vacuum structures, augmented by the displacement at a point in space, as we now The dual electrical displacement
Fresnel drag of u(l- 1/42) caused by the have in the theory just presented, the suggested above greatly strengthens the
disturbance of the secondary structure. frequency can be codified by the relative basis on which one can develop a
From (4) and (6), µ2 becomes strengths of the two displacement phenomenological ether theory supporting
proportional to N1, with P constant, so parameters. Maxwell's equations. More important,
that, from (2), µ2 is 1-N2/N and 1-1lµ2 The frequency of the signal is, in fact, however, it opens the path for new avenues
is -N2/N1. We then see from (5) that preserved in transit through the vacuum of research into the effects of energy
1-1/µ2 becomes simply v/u. Thus the medium, because the medium propagates absorption from electromagnetic waves
Fresnel drag in the vacuum, which is two electric displacement signals in anti - and their mutual interference. Meanwhile,
u(1 -1lµ2), is the velocity v of the primary phase, and the relative amplitude of the note that Einstein's E = Mc2 law, the
structure, proving, from simple classical signal strengths determines the frequency. keystone of special relativity and his law of
electron theory, that the speed of light will As we shall now see, this involves the gravitation, the basis of his general relativ-
be referenced on the vacuum structure vacuum adjusting to the signal in transit to ity, have both succumbed to alternative
moving with the Earth, as was found by adopt a locally -tuned condition having the explanation 5-8.
Michelson. resonant frequency of the signal. The It is likely to be in the optical
We do not need to appeal to relativity frequency vo at which electron -position measurement field, involving speed of
for an explanation of this basic pair creation occurs is the limit frequency light tests in relation to Earth rotation, that
observation. The Michelson-Morley beyond which there is no counter - we may see the determining experiments,
experiment verifies that Maxwell's electric displacement. However, the interesting crucial to relativity. The ether will surely
displacement can be a dual and reciprocal point is that there is no forced oscillation survive.
phenomenon. Oscillations of the electrical and so no dispersion characteristic in the
structure of the vacuum can occur at the vacuum, since the vacuum adapts to any References
1. H. A. Wilson, `Modern Physics', 2nd.,
resonant frequency vo with no reverse frequency and exhibits the properties of a Mackie, 1946.
motion of the secondary structure or tuned LC system. 2. H. H. Jeans, Nature, 70, 101 (1904.
counter -displacement However, we may It is easily shown how the capacitance 3. P. Gerber, Zeitschrift f. Math., u. Phys., 43,
expect light propagation at lower and inductance of unit volume of the 93 Z1898).
frequencies to involve counter - vacuum can be evaluated. The capacitance 4. L. Brillouin, `Relativity Reexamined',
displacement and it is this that brings a per unit volume is 1/4n and the inductance Academic Press, 1970.
new and important dimension to per unit volume is frequency -dependent 5. H. Aspden, j.Phys. A: Math. Gen., 13,
Maxwell's theory. With it comes a solution and proportional to pia', where p = Nm 3649 (1980).
to the dispersion problem. 6. G. M. Graham and D. H. Lahoz, Nature,
and a = Ne.
285, 154 (1980).
Note that the frequency of an The presence of an electric field of 7. H. Aspden and D. M. Eagles, Physics
electromagnetic wave has no meaning at a strength V signifies imbalance between Letters, 41A, 423 (1972).
point in space and time. Frequency displacement and counter -displacement, 8. H. Aspden, Int.Jour. Theor. Phys., 15, 631
concerns rate of change and this represented by a displacement distance x, (1976).

Falklands electronics There has been no public information Whose light pipe?
given on whether these communications British Telecom do not believe in hiding
The fierce media criticism of inconsistent were effected via satellite or on h.f. or a their light under a bushel or burying their
censorship and the absence of any video mixture of both. But at least one British talents in a napkin. Not only have they
link with the British Task Force in the firm, Ferranti Electronics, has recently instituted a prestigious Martlesham Medal
South Atlantic (at least until the despatch announced the development of a manpack to give recognition to their own research
of Gresham Lion digital slowscan tv equip- portable satellite terminal "Mansat" that engineers but they recently put out a 1500 -
ment) has been followed by many reve- has a shallow -reflector aerial built into a word, seven -page press release to mark the
lations of the improvisations that were rigid carrying module. It could, one second such award to Dr George Newns
necessary to overcome operational prob- imagines, be used for infiltration commu- and Dr Keith Beales. This was for their
lems and the absence of airborne early - nications. This equipment, working on development of the double crucible pro-
warning radar. about 7.5 GHz, can provide a duplex duction process for optical fibres. I am all
The satellite -carried speech links made telephony link and a 50 bit/sec telegraphy for giving medals to engineers and full
available to the reporters, but also pre- link using a standard QWERTY-type key- credit to those whose work is seldom in the
sumably used for encrypted Service traffic, board. It works from internal batteries, public eye. But BT's publicity boys do lay
certainly provided reliable and reasonably and GaAs field-effect transistors are used it on a bit thick. Was it really BT who, to
good -quality communications (though this in both the receiver and transmitter chain. quote the press release, "first took up the
would not necessarily be the case against Microprocessors take care of message challenge (of optical fibres) and began de-
an enemy with more sophisticated jam- storage, encoding, display and alarm voting time and resources to the enormous
ming or anti -satellite systems). Neverthe- monitoring. It is claimed that the equip- problems of translating theory into
less it has been alleged that there remains a ment can be positioned and in contact practice"?
serious e.m.c. problem that required radar within two minutes. But I rather doubt if It is evident from the release that BT set
to be turned off during satellite transmis- such equipment was used in the South up its research team for optical fibres dur-
sions. It has also come as a surprise to find Atlantic, and "old-fashioned" h.f. may ing 1968. Yet I recall talking to Dr Kao at
the extent to which missile countermea- have provided the intelligence. STL at Harlow, early that year. He
sures still depend on the use of vast
showed me some of his continuing work on
amounts of "chaff' - the "window" tech- optical fibres which had obviously been
nique of World War 2 - with Aviation started many months earlier. It was de-
Week reporting that Plessey Aerospace Wideawake Ascension voted to the very practical problem of
were working a 24 -hour -day, 7 -days -a - Back in 1967 I was lucky enough to be one producing low -attenuation glass. He was
week producing the stuff. Chaff and heli- of a small party of journalists forming pos- convinced this was possible and outlined to
copter decoys seem to have proved mod- sibly the only press trip ever made to As- me the role optical fibres could play in
erately effective in diverting some Exocet cension Island. It was at the time of the telecommunications.
missiles away from their intended targets opening of the Cable and Wireless earth BT's press release also recalls that the
- though one that was deflected from an station built by Marconi on the island as first Martlesham Medal went last year to
aircraft carrier promptly locked on to the part of the elaborate NASA Apollo com- Dr Tommy Flowers "the man who
ill-fated Atlantic Conveyor. There have munications system. The island, even invented Britain's and possibly the world's
been rumours of attempts to recover then, was an amazing contrast between first computer ... Collossus (sic)". Again
nuclear weapons from some sunken Royal modern communications, missile tracking Tom Flowers deserves the highest praise
Navy vessels, though it is equally possible aerials, a BBC overseas relay station with for his important pioneering work on the
that the work is aimed at recovering cryp- four 250 kW transmitters and an old-style Bletchley Park cryptographic computers
tographic or other sensitive material. brass -instrumented telegraph cable station but it would have been nice if BT's public-
Equally alarming are the reports that two (this was before the South African tele- ity boys had included just a passing refer-
Russian Cosmos ocean surveillance satel- phone cable), giant turtles coming ashore ence to Alan Mathison Turing - but then
lites launched during this period were to lay their eggs and millions of wideawake Turing owed his allegiance to GCCS and
carrying nuclear electric -generators for the terns, all to a backdrop of a desolate, "C" of the Secret Service and not to the
radars and were similar to the nuclear - crater -pitted, near lunar landscape. Water inventive British Post Office!
powered satellite that caused so much pub- was in short supply but whisky was 60p a
lic concern when it came down over
bottle, gin 25p and the temporary resi-
Northern Canada on January 24, 1978. If dents paid no income tax! And though I Stormy ionosphere
the Falklands have underlined anything it recall well the computerized, air-condi- Solar storms, sudden ionospheric dis-
is that we live in an extremely dangerous
tioned NASA tracking station and the turbances and blackouts, high levels of
world - to which advanced electronics large futuristic "aerial farms" what really polar cap absorption and intense auroral
and communications contribute. It can be remains in the memory is the pleasant conditions continued to dominate the h.f.
claimed that the British electronics English farm at the top of Green Mountain scene in July. In fact July 12-18 witnessed
systems were used defensively as well as where, on behalf of Cable and Wireless, a one of the biggest proton flare events for
offensively, and mostly worked, though in Somerset farm -manager looked after 2000 many years. A blackout on h.f. on July 12
some cases not without considerable last- sheep, 300 pigs and 35 milking cows! The lasted four hours. While this resulted in
minute improvisation. island has been a natural communications generally poor h.f. conditions, v.h.f.
centre since the days when it was garri- operators were able to take advantage of
soned by the Royal Navy and Royal the near -sensational auroral conditions
Manpack satellite Marines. Sadly, there are still the graves of which unusually extended as far south as
The Special Air Service had its own com- young sailors put ashore with yellow fever the Mediterranean area. British and Irish
munications links back to the UK as well in the nineteenth century. Landing a large stations, for example were able on 144
as what was clearly a considerable number Britannia aircraft at Wideawake Airport MHz to contact F6KAW/EA6 in Minorca.
of clandestine infiltration links between was quite an event for the island and one Although it is possible to trace a link
the Task Force and the SAS reconnais- wonders how much it has all been changed between solar storms and auroral condi-
sance and intelligence -gathering parties. by the furious burst of activity this year. tions, there still remains no positive way of
predicting "sporadic E" openings which
are linked to wind shears in the upper
Here and there Kraus shows that a special attraction of the
I.A.R.U. statistics now put the total original W8JK-type of array is that it can
atmosphere. However Jim Stewart, number of licensed amateurs at over 1.1 - work effectively over a continuous fre-
WA4MV1 has recently convirmed in a let- quency range of more than 3 to 1 without
million of which about 200,000 are in Re-
ter to QST the growing belief that a link traps or loading coils and with non -critical
gion 1 (Europe/ Africa), about 480,000 in
can be shown between Sporadic E and dimensions. The availability (so far in
Region 2 (North and South America) and
certain types of severe weather, particu- some countries only) of 18 and 24MHz
about 470,000 in Region 3 (Asia and Ocea-
larly severe thunderstorms. He notes that bands makes the W8JK design particularly
nia). Japan heads the table with around
apart from heavy rain and turbulence, attractive and its may well be heading for a
450,000, U.S.A. 390,000, West Germany
some thunderstorms appear to produce revival.
42,000, U.S.S.R. and Argentina each
wind shears and large static -electric 26,000. Then comes the U.K. with around So far American amateurs have not been
charges that play a significant part in the able to make use of any of the new h.f.
25,000 followed by Canada 21,000, Italy
process. Examination of hundreds of bands (10, 18 and 24MHz) since the USA
17,000, Brazil 14,000 and Australia 13,000
weather maps and other data have have not yet ratified the WARC 1979
though these figures may already be a little
convinced the American that there is very agreements. Japanese amateurs were
out-of-date.
often a severe weather area roughly mid- authorized to use the 10MHz band from
A Dutch enthusiast, Ryn Muntjewerff is
way between stations linked by sporadic E April 1, 1982. Maximum power is 500
propagation. Storm activity above 60,000ft now known to have received 435 MHz
amateur television pictures in November watts for stations having a frequency mea-
could result in 144 MHz openings, suring instrument and 10 watts for those
1979 from FIAJD, Angouleme, France
whereas storms at around 40,000 ft tend to without!
result in 50 MHz openings. While his re- over a distance of about 1000 km, thought
to be a record for this band. Among the
sults may apply primarily to the large land
journals and newsletters devoted entirely
Heavy guns
area of the United States, it is one of the The American FCC have been firing some
to amateur television are: CQ-TV of the
few ideas so far advanced that could lead to heavy guns recently in its efforts to stamp
prediction of Sporadic E openings. British Amateur Television Club, "AS
out abuses of the American radio regula-
Amateur Television Magazine" (USA
tions. A former Californian amateur in-
monthly), "The ATVer" (Australia),
dicted of operating a station without a
NBTV (Narrow Bandwidth Television As- licence and using obscene, indecent and
K15.7 81M sociation, UK) and "Der TV Amateur"
(West Germany).
profane language has been facing, if found
guilty, a possible maximum sentence of 10
years imprisonment and a fine of up to
'DU\ 9) c)D Aerial pioneers $70,000. Another Californian lost his ama-
Two names that have become almost part teur licence after taking a licence examina-
of the language of aerials - Beverage and tion on behalf of a candidate. The FCC has
Amateur satellites Kraus - have recently been reflecting in refused to renew the licence of a former
the columns of QST on the continued amateur who two years ago was found to
So far attempts by Stanford University, value of designs put forward in 1922 and
have deliberately jammed an amateur re-
using a large dish aerial, to regain control 1937 respectively. Harold Beverage, ex-
of the British UoSAT OSCAR satellite, W2BML first developed and described his
peater. Unlicensed operators facing
charges of putting out broadcast transmis-
built by the team at the University of Sur- very long but low aerials 60 years ago when
sion on 7040kHz from Miami directed at
rey - appear to have failed. As reported working for RCA. He has revealed that Cuba have been referred to the U.S. De-
earlier a "one -in -a -million" software error after becoming interested in radio as early partment of Justice with a request for
caused both beacon transmitters to be as 1912 he had two job offers on graduat-
criminal prosecution which could result in
switched on simultaneously with conse- ing from college: playing trombone at a $10,000 fine and/or a one year prison
quent desensitizing of the on -board re- Loews Theatre for '2 per week or sentence.
ceivers. At the time of writing it is still working for General Electric for $11.20 a
hoped that control can be regained by a
strong command signal but hopes are
week. Such was his enthusiasm for radio
that he opted for G.E.! Apart from the still
In brief
A reminder that many local adult centres
fading, and this experimental scientific famous Beverage aerial, he was co -inventor are starting RAE classes in the second half
satellite remains virtually out of action. with H. O. Pearson of the "diversity re- of September. In Beckenham, Kent the
ception system" for combatting fading on demand for morse classes in the London
A low-orbit Russian amateur radio satellite h.f. Curiously the most complex diversity area has caused a switch from RAE classes
"Iskra Two" which was ejected from the
manned Salyut/Soyuz orbiting space sta- -
systems these days - quadruple diversity
are usually at much higher frequencies
to morse training .... Date of the Mid-
lands v.h.f. convention has been changed
tion on May 17 re-entered the earth's at- for troposcatter or long microwave links to October 9 at The Polytechnic Wolver-
mosphere early in the morning of July 9. across sea paths. hampton. Reminder that Welsh Amateur
Although it carried an h.f. transponder Professor John Kraus, W8JK - for Radio Convention is at Oakdale Commu-
this was activated only for a brief period. many years a leading figure among Ameri- nity Centre, Blackwood, Gwent on Sep-
can radio astronomers - made his name tember 26 ... There are hopes that ama-
Amsat-UK (94 Herongate Road, initially when he adapted Dr George teur radio activities may be permitted
Wanstead Park, London El2 5EQ) has Brown's work on close -spaced medium - again soon in Poland. . . A "congress of
published a new edition of its useful 16 - wave aerials in order to produce the first radio amateurs connected with the rail-
page booklet "Guide to Oscar Operating" effective bi-directional rotary h.f. beams in ways" (FIRAC - Federation Interna-
providing the basic information needed by 1937. This was a few months before tional Radio Amateur Cheminot) is to be
amateurs who wish to have a go at making another leading amateur, Van Roberts, held at Gunton Hall, Lowestoft from Oc-
contacts through Oscar satellites and back- similarly adapted Brown's work on close - tober 4 to 8 (details G. Sims, G4GNQ, 85
ground information and practical exper- spaced parasitic arrays to come up with the Surrey Street, Glossop, Derbyshire SK13
iences since the first amateur satellite was aerial that has made Yagi's name famous 9AJ).
launched in October 1961. throughout the amateur radio world. John PAT HAWKER, G3VA
41
Static b.c.d.-to-binary Decoded Equiv
Added complement
converter output decimal Subtraction

range value (B4) B3
IC
3
B2 B1 B4 B3
IC
2
B2 B1
Converters such as those used in synthesiz- IC1
ers, where a decimal channel number (128) 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
might have to be changed into binary form 0 0-9 % X LLL LLLL

HHH HLHL
to drive a p.!.!., might be in the form of a 10-19
relatively expensive and, perhaps incon-
1
2 20
30-39
- 29
5
11
X
X HHHLHLL
HHL HHHL
HHL HLLL
17 X
venient prom, or as binary and decimal 3
40 - 49 23 X
LHL
4
up/down counters in parallel, which can - HHL
give carry and synchronizing problems, or
they may be made up using shift registers
5
6
50
60-69
70-79
59 29
35
X
X HLHHHLL
HLHL HHL
L
with correction networks like the 74184.

7
80-89
41
47
X
X LLL l H X =don't care
HLL HLHL
8 H L
The following is a static cmos converter on 9 90 - 99 53 X
similar lines.
For digits zero to nine, both binary and
b.c.d. forms are the same but the first subtracting twice 6, and so on for each adder is not used, but should be tied to
decimal carry, at 10, leads to problems at successive decade. Here, rather than carry- either rail. Nine of the 33 diodes may be
the `tens' A input, resulting in a binary 16 ing out subtractions, two's complements replaced by the inverter as shown. Expan-
being interpreted. Therefore, six has to be implemented by diode matrices are added sion of the circuit is possible.
subtracted to return the original value, 10. using two 4 -bit full adders. A one -out -of - Falko Kuhnke
At the next carry, b.c.d. 20, binary 32 is 10 decoder chooses the correction value as Institut für Geophysik und Meteorologie
interpreted, and must be corrected by represented in the table. B4 of the second Braunschweig
Units b cd input Fens b.cd input
Al B1
Cl
D1 A10
BC C10 D10
20
2'
Binary
10 13 12 11 7 5 3 7 5 3
output
B C D A1 42 43 A4 10 A1 42 43 44
S1 10
2`
11
1C1 IC? S2 103 11
S2 25
12
4028 4008 53 4008
12 6
S3
( 1 out of 10 decoder) ( Adder) 13 (Adder)
S4 13
Cout 14 S4
Cín B 62 83 B4
0 -9 83 84
3 14 2 15 6 7 4 9 5 6 4 2 15 6 4 2 115
e-V\ti
100k x 3
100k x4
/ 4
.g\e wez
.e.,
./ii<*/* ./.?¡*, Decoded '0"
2 ZiV from 4028
Save diodes
9
(11
ii".?ei° by using inverter

1

+15V
o
+20%, r - -850V
63V_, BY 127
1\./V
47k EHT Oscilloscope supply
Circuit shown provides around 850V at
300V
75µA and 300V at 2mA from a 15V
HT Out supply. Insulation of the output transfor-
BY127 47k 10k
',-110k Hz pulses mer (an RS196 224) is flash tested to 5kV
127
2 x 20}u 45V
but one could be specially wound using,
1k2 ZN3715 or say, a Mullard FX2243 or Siemens 631 N
ZN 3055
27. The prototype was driven by a uni -
680k
BC 109
junction transistor oscillator and buffer
circuit.
20n G. V. Whitney
10k Sale
Set HT Cheshire
OV
o T
14
1N 914
Minimum -parts +Vs
sequencer 16
Outputs
Combining a cmos decade counter with the
0 1
555 timer yields a simple yet versatile ad- Start 15

justable -delay sequencer. Buffered outputs 01
1 to 9 are activated in succession as the IL
100k
4017 counter is clocked. Each output re- R11
mains on for a duration proportional to the

values of R1 to R9 respectively. 03
4017
A momentary high level on the start
CI,.
input resets the counter, activates output 1 14
Clock
and starts charging C1 through R1i D1 and
5
R10. As C1 charges, the timer output goes
high, causing a negative transition, due to 0
the inverter, on the counter's clock input,
which is ignored. When C1 reaches 2/3 V2, 07
the timer output goes low, clocking the
counter, enabling output 2, setting R1 low 08
while pulling R2 high, and enabling 11
Inhibit Output butters
another charge cycle on completion of 9
discharge through R10. 09

The sequence continues until the ninth 1
count, when inhibit input (pin 13) is activ-
+vs
ated, preventing further clocking. Since all
7
charging resistors are deactivated, the 14 18
R10
system remains inactive until start is
pulsed. A more elegant approach would be 555
to connect an extra inverter between the
junction of the 9 and inhibit outputs of the
counter and the reset (pin 4) input of the C2
1 1n
timer. Keep in mini that upon power -on
or after the timer has been reset (low on
pin 4), the first timing period will be ap-
proximately twice as long as the reset, due
to the capacitor having to charge from Pin 5 of the tinier, shown de -coupled to charging. If potentiometers are used to
ground instead of 1/3 Vs. ground through C2, can be used as a mod- trim timing, R10 should be at least 4.7kí1
Many variations are possible. For ulation input to compress or expand all to minimize inrush current, should any pot.
example, repetitive sequences of up to 10 output times simultaneously, i.e. scale fac- be turned to zero resistance. The time
steps can be obtained by grounding the tor. Output buffers can be selected accord- delay caused by the combination of R10
counter's inhibit input and connecting an ing to requirements or omitted entirely if and C1 adds a constant to the time that
extra resistor and diode to timer pin 7 from driving other cmos logic. each output remains high.
the counter's 9 output. A 4 -bit binary Values of resistors R1 -R10 should be V. Labuc
counter feeding a 4 -to -16 converter (e.g. kept as large as possible to minimize load- Noranda Research Centre
cmos 14515) will provide up to 16 lines. ing of the cmos output stages during Quebec
FAULT-FINDING IN
MICROPROCESSOR -BASED
SYSTEMS
The complexity of some systems aggravates the problem of fault location.
techniques
include the use of special equipment and the ability of the processor to diagnose itself.
The author discusses some of the available equipment and techniques.
During the last decade electronic systems by Stephen Day horizontal deflection. (1d). The top left of
have changed substantially in conception the display is address 0000 and bottom
and complexity due to the introduction of right is FFFF. The map display will as-
microprocessors and their accompanying sor in self-diagnosis of faults. It is the sume some unique pattern depending on
devices. Previously, such systems were de- purpose of this paper to discuss the current the frequency of access of the various
signed using families of integrated circuit state of the art equipment and techniques address lacations being accessed by the
logic elements, the most complex of which and indicate how they are applicable to program being executed.
would probably have been a four -bit syn- fault finding from design and development When monitoring the data on a
chronous updown counter. Fault finding through assembly and test to in -field ser- microprocessor bus it is possible to re-
in sequential random logic systems vice. convert the binary data back into its mne-
involved the use of logic diagrams anno- monic assembly language from automat-
tated with waveforms and timing sequ- ically and this feature, known as disas-
Logic analysers
ences, and required that the fault finder sembly, has been built into some
had a detailed understanding of the system The logic analyser was the first of a range instruments. The analyser has a personal-
operation. The equipment required would of equipments designed specifically for ity module according to the microproces-
be a two -channel oscilloscope with various data domain analysis and was initially pro- sor in the system under development and
trigger and sweep facilities, and possibly a duced as an instrument for use in the the table display can then be a list of as-
special test rig to provide signals to stimu- laboratory during the development phase sembly language statements which are
late the printed circuit board, if it were of a microprocessor implementation pro- more readily interpreted for program de-
being tested remote from its system. The ject. Its appearance was similar to an bugging.
time required to fiñd a fault would depend oscilloscope but having multiline data Remote access for initialisation and in-
largely on the skill of the test or service probes. The data on each probe line could terrogation can also be provided by
engineer. Equipment in service could be be sampled under control of a system clock
repaired quickly by module or PCB re- which could be qualified typically to
placement, but ultimately, fault finding sample once every processor instruction
down to component level had to be un- cycle. The samples were stored in an in-
dertaken in the manner described above. ternal memory with a capacity of up to
Systems designed around microproces- 16x16 -bit words, and the trigger word,
sors are conceptually different in that they from which sampling was initiated, was set
are bus structured with data being trans- up on a bank of switches.
ferred around the system in parallel. In More recently the ergonomics of logic
general, input data is read and processed in analysers have been significantly improved
the CPU to produce the output under the and memory size has been increased up to
control of the system software. When de- 1000x20 -bit words. The options available
bugging or fault finding on this type of for setting up the equipment are displayed
system, many lines need to be monitored as a menu on the screen, with a cursor to
simultaneously and in synchronism with indicate the next input required. The key-
some derivative of the system clock. board is used to enter the information to
`Glitches' and undefined levels on tri -state give the required operating sequence.
busses at other times are of no conse- Typical of the options for trigger selection
quence. are: clock source, edge polarity, trigger
Currently systems are being designed word, clock cycles delay, trigger start or
using the fourth generation of micropro- end, block pattern recognition etc. Pos-
cessors with 20 -bit address busses and 16 - sible data display modes on the screen are:
bit data busses. Clock rates are up to 11 (a) Table. A listing of the sampled data
MHz; and multiprocessor systems, with states in binary or to some other numerical
bus access time division multiplexed be- base such as hexadecimal (Fig. la) The Author
tween processors under the control of a (6) Timing. Data is displayed across the Stephen Day, BSc, CEng. MIEE,
master, are being implemented as solu- screen as several channels showing the HI- graduated from Manchester University
tions to the demands of more processing LO activity (Fig. lb). during his student/graduate
power. All these advances in technology (c) Graph. The horizontal axis represents apprenticeship with the UKAEA at
and system complexity aggravate the prob- analyser store addresses and the vertical Aldermaston. Later he moved to
lems of fault location. To assist the de- axis the numerical value of the stored data Godwin Warren Engineering as Senior
Design Engineer. In 1974 he joined the
signer and test technician in overcoming (Fig 1c).
IBA as a Senior Engineer and is at
these problems various techniques can be (d) Map. Each 16 -bit sample is divided present working there as Project Leader
used, some requiring special equipment into its upper and lower 8 -bi: bytes. The for enhanced teletext.
and some utilising the power of the proces- values of these produce the vertical and
44
connection to an instrumentation bus. Probes External clock
A further development of the logic state I
analyser is the logic timing analyser. This

High speed
device samples the data input lines with a Input memory and --f Internal clock
clock which is asynchronous with the buffer reference
system under test. In this way it is possible
stores
to trap random events or `glitches' as small
as 5 ns wide by using clock frequencies up
to 20 MHz. The display is usually presen-
ted as a timing diagram. One particularly
useful application for this type of instru-
ment is in trapping intermittent faults. Display
The technique is known as `babysitting'.
Having established what trigger condition Control Display
to use, a set of normal data is sampled and processor memory

transferred to the secondary or reference
memory. The user can now leave the in-
strument to monitor the system under test Trigger Trig
and it will acquire new data each time the comparator
pre-selected trigger point is encountered. Keyboard
Any difference between the new data and

the reference data will cause the analyser to
stop sampling and indicate where the dif-
ference has occurred. On return the user
can step through the logic timing diagram
on the display and draw conclusions for ..EURTED. 1EY 'RUH' TO START ABORTED, KEV "RUN" TO START
futher investigation of the fault. TABLE GRAPH
In circuit emulation (ICE) NUMERICAL BASE OCT ] DATA SOURCE

DATA SCURCE C .A B MPwDE7 VERTICAL EXPANSION (4.16.64.256.41-] ON
STORE OFFSET 0 C OH] CENTRE CURSOR VALUE [EXECUTE]
This is a technique for using a micropro- CURSOR POSH 30 CURSOR POSH 30 WORD 9507
cessor development system to debug both 9507
KEY «GRAPH" TO CENTRE CURSOR POSH
, COCO 00F9 9502 HIÇH LIMIT 9529
hardware and software during the de- 95F5
94F5
94FF
9500
00F9
94E7
9503
9504
velopmental phase of a project. Early 94F6 9501 94F8 COCO
00F9 COCO 94F9 9505
microprocessor development systems were 00F9
00F9
9502
9503
94FA
94E8
9506
9507
94E7 9504 COCO 9508
essentially for software development. They 94E8 COCO 94FC 00EF
94F9
had the usual suite of routines for editing 94FA
9505
9506
94FD
94FE
9509
9508
94FB 9507 COCO 9508
and assembling programs and it was pos- COCO 95F5 94FF 9508
94FC 94F5 9500 9508
sible to partially debug the software by 94F0 94F6 9581 950C
94FE B0F9 COCO 950C
limited execution within the development Cow itN.f -
system. It was then necessary to commit (b)

(a)
the software to eprom in order to transfer
it to the hardware of the system being ABORTED, KEY "RUN" TO START
developed. For further debugging use was TIMING
made of a logic analyser to fmd out why DATA SOURCE C!.B7 EXPANSION 0®4.0] ON
programs operated incorrectly or whether CURSOR POSH 30 WORD 9507

the fault was in the hardware. BITS 0-3
Nlr-Jlf VJUWirWJVWU4rYlNlMMfiNVL
In -circuit emulation is created by addi- JLUIlLN..r1LIJIlLNIJ"JLLNLNUYYYZ
r-Ln..rvnr-
1-:-
tional hardware which allows the BITS 4-7
--.-:.rrvrlru
-
microprocessor in the target system to be
emulated by a similar microprocessor in BITS B -B
the development system. The ICE module r-
connects to the target system by multi -way
BITS C -F
umbilical cable terminated with a plug
which is inserted into the socket where the
microprocessor would normally reside. In
this way the resources of the development (c) (d)
system are extended to the prototype in
order to facilitate the hardware/software Fig.1. Block diagram of a logic analyser. Its
integration. Figure 2 shows a typical various modes of display are: a. a table; b.
microprocessor development system with a timing chart; c. a graph; and d. a map
ICE. Resource allocation is extremely flex- (see text).
ible in all modes of operation and will
depend to some extent on the state of de- During emulation a breakpoint can be information can be acquired by the trace
velopment of the prototype hardware. The specified which can be conditional on a memory as the program is executed one
development system mass storage number of different factors such as instruction at a time.
medium, usually floppy disc, is used to memory read, memory write, instruction Probably the most important advantage
store the target system software in both fetch or i/o operation at selected addresses. of ICE is the simple connection into the
source and object form. Loading is quick When the breakpoint has been encoun- prototype system. One cable is all that is
and errors can be patched out in the object tered the internal registers of the processor required with no need for circuit modifica-
code to try modifications. These changes and any memory locations can be interro- tions or temporary jumpers. Early de-
can then be incorporated in the source, gated and modified as necessary before re- velopment and debugging of the software
code and rapidly reassembled. Random starting emulation. It is also possible to enables completion of the total system in-
access memory and i/o facilities of the de- display the contents of the trace memory to tegration in the shortest possible timescale.
velopment system can be used as though check the instruction sequence before the Finally, the time consuming procedure of
they are local memory and i/o of the proto- breakpoint. using eproms to transfer programs under
type system even before this part of the Another possible mode of operation is development to the target system is elimi-
hardware is built. single stepping. In this way more detailed nated.
Floppy disc
which produces a logic one output only
when the modulo two sum of the inputs is
ice one. The clock is enabled during the
hardware window between the start and stop pulses
Software
and in this case samples the data 20 times.
Cable The chart shows how the bits propagate
development
buffer through the shift register and the resulting
system
signature is A682. Superimposed on the
Trace
memory chart is the result of introducing a single
bit error in the first bit. The signature
changes to F3AA. In a similar way it could
Prototype be shown that the signature would be 8E92
system for an error in bit 8 and 2682 for an error in
Console/ keyboard the last bit. Thus it can be seen that a
single bit error even in such a short sequ-
Fig. 2. In -circuit emulation system. ence will produce quite a dramatic change
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 in the readout from the signature analyser.
In a practical situation the window period
Data
Clock
Start n
L would be considerably more than 20 clock
periods and can be more than 216 (the cycle
length of the register) if appropriate.
Signatures for a given circuit are not
designed or calculated. What must be de-
cided at the design stage is how start and
Stop stop signals can be produced and what
hierarchy of tests is required to fully
validate each node. This may involve the
use of special test sockets to break feed-
Modulo 2 adder
back loops and isolate parts of the ciccuit
under test. Finally, when the design is
2 16 Shift register complete, the test routines are executed
Data input and the signatures at each node in the
Clock equipment are recorded. Documentation
Clock
Data
is completed by adding the singatures to
period
the circuit diagram an example of which is
0
10
0
10
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
shown in Fig. 4. The handbook should
detail the sequence of tests and fixtures,
1
1 1 1 10
3 0 0 1 10 switches or jumpers that are required.
4 0 0
5
0
0 0 0
1
0
10
1 10
After proving the operation of the
6 1 1 0 0 0 1 lo system kernel a series of tests are run
7 0 0 1 0 00 1 10
which sucessively introduce a larger
8 0, 0 1 o o 0 10
percentage of the system until a signature
1 1
9 1 00,0 1 0 0 0 1 10
10 1 01 0 01 0 1 0 0 0 1 10 fault is found. Faulty components can be

0
11
12
1
1
0
1
01
0
0
O,
01
0
0
01
1
0
0
1 0
0
0
1
0
10
110 located by backtracking until a device with
13 0 01 1 0 0,001 0 1 0 0 0 1 10 a correct input signature but erroneous
14 0 1 01 1 0 01 0 0, 0
0 01
1
0
0 0
0
0
0
1
0
10
110
output signature is found.
15 0 10 0 01 0 01 1
Signature analysis is a very powerful

1
16 0 0 10 0 01 0 01 0 01 0 0 0 0 1 10
000
1 1
17 1 01 0 lo 1 0, 1 001 001 0 1
service aid and is also useful for final as-
18 1 1 01 0 1010, 1 0 01 0 01 0 1 0 0 o
sembly testing. The equipment is relati-
19 1 01 1 01 O lo 1 01 1 0 01 0 01 0 1 0 o
20 1 1 01 1 01 0 10 1 0, 1 0 01 0 01 0 1 o vely inexpensive and the extra design work
is minimal. Retrospective design into
existing systems is also an attractive propo-
R b 8 2 Normal signature
sition.
Bit error signature
F 3 R R
1
Automatic test equipment (ATE)

Fig. 3. Derivation of signature from data stream. This is the name given to usually large
equipment sets which allow the user to
Using a 16 -bit shift register and arrang- test, thoroughly and quickly, complex cir-
Signature analysis cuit boards. They represent a considerable
ing the feedback such that a maximal
If a piece of equipment is made to repetiti- length sequence is produced will give 65 capital investment and are essentially
vely execute a certain sequence of instruc- 536 possible residual states. The parallel fixed. Usually they can be justified only in
tions then it should be possible to identify 16 -bit output from the register is used to a production situation with a high
correct operation by monitoring the chang- drive four hexadecimal displays and the throughput although sometimes there is a
ing logic levels at each node in the circuit. resulting number is termed the `signature' case for them in a repair and maintenance
This would produce a mass of information of that node. Errors in the data stream will department.
which would be completely un -managea- normally cause a different signature to be A typical ATE system is shown dia-
ble in a test situation. In order to compress displayed. It is possible to show' that all grammatically in Fig. 5. User communica-
this information into a more useful form a single bit errors will change the signature tion with the system is via the console
technique known as signature analysis was and that the probability of multiple bit keyboard and v.d.u. Test routines are
developed by Hewlett Packard Ltd. The errors being missed is less than 0.002%. stored either on floppy or rigid discs. The
data appearing at a given node is sampled This is far better than the performance of processor controls setting up and running
for a known period, between start and stop other techniques such as bit or transition of the tests. It communicates with the unit
signals, by clocking it with the system counting. under test (u.u.t) via the digital control
clock into a feedback shift register. The An example of how a signature is de- unit and the high speed read/write
residue at the end of the sampling period is rived is shown in Fig. 3. The data signal is memory. Connection to the u.u.t is made
a characteristic of the activity at that node. gated with the four feedback bits in a gate in a number of ways including via its edge
46
connector, through a bed of nails fixture
and through test clips and probes. Interrupt
16K ram 16K prom 16K prom prom
The usual test procedure involves the 16K
controller
stimulation of the input nodes of the u.u.t
with data in the form of arrays of sequen-
tial test patterns. The u.u.t is clocked at its
normal operatitg speed and response data c p u
System bus
at all outputs and internal nodes is cap-
tured in the memory for comparison with
the correct response pattern. Input sequ-
ences up to 4000 bits long are used and the Serial i/o Parallel i/o
Telemetry Clock
output comparison is done either on a bit interface interface
for bit basis or the response data is com-
pressed into a signature for each node and
then compared with stored signatures. typical micropro-
Fig. 6. A
The imput test patterns are usually algo- cessor system.
rithmically generated by the test procedure Printer Keyboard vd u
in order to simulate some functional res-

ponse. Another possibility is to use
pseudo -random binary sequences as input responses are learnt and stored for later printed which can be attached to the unit
data providing a more exhaustive though use. for return to assembly.
lengthy test. The correct response patterns The result of this initial testing is that Thus an ATE system is very compre-
are assessed either by emulation or heuris- the unit is either good or faulty, and in the hensive in its ability to fault find large
tically. In the first case it is necessary for latter case there is no information concern- numbers of different circuits by having
the ATE to have detailed circuit informa- ing the possible fault location. A second different bed of nails configurations and
tion of the u.u.t and also to store a library series of diagnostic tests then has to be storing its programs and responses on disc.
of device models so that the correct res- executed and these will involve the It does suffer from the drawback that,
ponse can be calculated. Functional operator following a set of simple instruc- although the operator requires little skill or
models of complex l.s.i devices such as tions displayed on the v.d.u. The operator training, it is necessary to program the
microprocessors are therefore required. In is guided through the circuitry applying system in some considerable detail for each
the second case a known good unit is moni- either current or voltage probes until a new bosrd. Special high level languages
tored through all the tests and the correct faulty component is found. A label is then have been developed to make program-
ming easier, but there is no standard, and
1068 13 usually a skilled ATE programer is re-
AD7 Fig. 4. Digital circuit annotated with
AD6 08F7 12
signatures. quired.
8 OF45
AD5 AA26 10 D2
9
A 04
1894
10F68
C8 Portable diagnostic test sets
0
5 A diagnostic tester designed to fault -find
AD3
1831
g Yo
4 FE98
uart and validate a specific microprocessor
AD2 329B system can sometimes prove to be a cost
A y1
effective solution to provision of field ser-
C4 6
600C
866E
073E
6
Y2 pia0 vice maintenance equipment. It is portable
IÑP
9
8
92C8
5
D 7070 and versatile and is used to perform auto-
2FA8 D 02E3 pia 1
matic functional tests on the equipment

OUT 4
10 within its normal operating environment.
A typical microprocessor system is
Fig. 5. An automatic test equipment layout. shown in Fig. 6. It comprises 10 printed
Floppy disc
circuit cards with connection to various
peripherals. The tester has access to the
system bus and the i/o sockets. One conve-
Rigid disc
nient form of implementation is therefore
Processor
an extra circuit card which plugs into a
spare socket in the system rack and
Printer connects to a hand held controller with an
Keyboard
alphanumeric display. The components
necessary for such a test set are shown in
Fig. 7.
The test programs are stored in prom on
Digital High speed
the test card and the small ram is used as
control read write stack, display buffer and workspace, so
unit memory that the main system ram need not be
operational. The u.s.a.r.t with its clock
divider chain producing clock rates for 110
and 1200 baud is used to test the serial
links. One p.i.a controls the display and
bon connector reads the keypad and the other is used to
test the interrupt system and the parallel
Pulse injector ID- i/o. The most convenient address at which
to locate the test routine will normally be
Voltage probe ID - Unit zero so that system reset will initiate the
under test sequence. It will probably therefore be
Current probe p test necessary to have a switch on the main
system which will disable memory at
overlapping addresses while the test rou-
tines are executing.
47
Conclusions
ram Several techniques have been discussed in
ri
prom 4K
128 bytes this paper which make fault analysis in the
data domain a practical proposition. In a
design and development laboratory, use is
Address/1 Clock divider
data bus made of logic analysers and microproces-
sor development systems with in circuit
emulation. In production and field main-
pia p.ia usar 110 baud tenance the choice is less straightforward.
1200 baud ATE for assembly use appears to be the
best technique for thorough testing but is
Interrupt Tx Rx costly both in initial equipment and in
bus
J
programming. Equipment for service use
can be selected only when a maintenance
philosophy has been evolved depending on
the type of equipment, numbers in service,
0000
000 ability and availabilty of field personnel,
00 acceptable down time etc.
00000
0 00 Future developments will see the intro-
duction of 32 and 64 bit microprocessor
Fig. 7. A test set consisting of a systems which will require even more
p.c.b. anda control module. sophisticated techniques for fault finding.
Designs will become fault tolerant by the
introduction of both chip and peripheral
Fault finding follows a logical sequence rams the actual faulty chip can be indi- hardware redundancy. In the field there
of building up confidence in the operation cated. The fault, when located. can be will be greater use of remote fault analysis.
of the system components. The c.p.0 of rectified by changing a circuit card; or a Faulty systems will be connected by tele-
the main system is used as the processor to series of lower level test can be executed in phone lines to central installations, the test
execute the tests. The address and data order to fault -find down to component routines being down loaded and results fed
busses and the c.p.0 are confirmed as level with the aid of scope and logic ana- back for analysis.
operational if the tester initialises cor- lyser. There will therefore be a continuing
rectly. Memory tests consist of write -read In many systems validation routines are trend towards improved system reliability
pattern checks on ram and checksum test an integral part of the software and are run by increasing MTBF and minimising
on prom. The serial inputs are tested by at initialisation. However, they cannot down time on the occurrence of a fault.
lopping to the tester serial output. The perform such comprehensive tests as this
serial outputs are looped to the tester serial type of portable test set with interaction of References
input and known data sequences can be a maintenance engineer. The operation of 1. Frohwerk, R. A. `Signature analysis: a new
the tester is straightforward and requires digital field service method'. HP Journal, May
sent out to assist with fault finding at the 1977.
peripherals. The tester displays diagnos- minimum documentation. It is also readily
tics for each test to indicate success or acceptable as part of the maintenance engi- Reprinted from IBA Technical Review, No. 15,
mode of failure. In the case of proms and neer's kit. 1981.
errors and a piece on Fortran, Cobol and Pascal Circuit Design Programs for the Apple II
- Basic is used in the body of the book. The by Howard M. Berlin
writing is direct and easy to read. 132 pages, plastic bound
Prentice -Hall, £11.15
Regulated Power Supplies, (3rd ed.), One of the Blacksburg series, this is a set of
by I. M. Gottleib Basic programs intended to take the labour out
423 pp., paperback Microprocessor Development and De-
velopment Systems of circuit design calculations, graph plotting and
Prentice -Hall International, £13.95. ISBN 0- signal analysis, including average and r.m.s.
672-21808-9 Edited by Vincent Tseng
202 pages, hardback values and Fourier series. Equipment needed to
AN expansion of the earlier works, dealing in an use the programs is either an Apple II Plus or
extremely thorough manner with a subject Granada, £16.00
In the development of most applications using Apple II with Applesoft card. A minimum of
'which is not often treated in isolation. Practice, 32K ram is required, 48K being preferable.
rather than theory is the approach, from a des- microprocessors, a `development system' to aid
cription of basic requirements to the implemen- programming and testing is of great benefit.
tation of linear and switching -type voltage and The book, written by several authorities in the
current regulators. The author not only pro- field, describes a number of such systems and Amateur radio
vides an exceptionally detailed treatment of the their use and includes a chapter on emulators. Amateur Radio Equipment Fundamentals
subject, but does it in a literate manner. There is also a section on managing without by A. D. Helphick, K2BLA
a d.s. The style is descriptive and `readable'. 248 pp., hardback
Prentice -Hall International, £ 14.20. ISBN 0-13-
Computing Microcomputer Design and Troubleshooting 023655-1
Mastering Computer Programming by Eugene M. Zumchak The tradition of home-built amateur radio
by P. E. Gosling 350 pages, paperback equipment has largely given way to the opera-
212 pages, hardback/paperback Prentice -Hall, £12.55 tion of commercial gear. In an attempt to offset
MacMillan £8.95/£2.95 A rather more down to earth treatment of the this trend, Mr Helphick has provided a course
The title of this book is one result of its forming practicalities of design with micros than is of instructions in the basics of design and con-
part of the Master series, but the author lays no usually found at this level. A home -built de- struction of transmitting and receiving equip-
claim to omnipotence. He has produced a very velopment system is described and further ment, and has included two chapters of designs
àccessible' description of the processes involved chapter headings include read/write timing, in- for receivers, transmitters and a 100W linear
in writing programs, with a useful chapter on terfacing, hardware testing and software design. amplifier.
48
ELECTRONIC COMPASS
USING A FLUXGATE
SENSOR
A device to fill the gap between the old-fashioned compass and expensive gyro -based
-
navigation systems an all -solid-state, high -resolution magnetic sensor.
With the ready availability of micro -com-

puters, simple dead reckoning navigation
by Neil Pollock feedback to maintain oscillation. The two
secondary coils Si and Sy are arranged so
systems for boats and cars can be con- that in the absence of an applied external
structed, if suitable distance and direction magnetic field they, at least in theory, ex-
ficulty, attention was directed to magne-
inputs are available. A `distance-travelled' perience no induced voltage. In practice,
tometer designs which could be con-
signal can usually be obtained quite easily, due to imperfections in the toroid and
but the provision of a digital magnetic structed using readily available com-
mercial ferrite components. coils, voltage spikes are induced in the
heading is more difficult. It would be pos- secondaries as the toroid goes into and out
sible to arrange a servo pointer follower Circuit of saturation. These spikes have ampli-
and angle digitizer attachment for a con- The arrangement finally chosen (based on tudes varying from barely detectable to
ventional moving magnet compass, but a design intended for sounding rockets4), over one volt for different coil assemblies
this would be mechanically complex and uses a 14mm diameter Philips ferrite to- (Fig. 4).
unattractive for amateur construction. An roid type number 4322-020-97140 (grey When an external field is applied in the
inherently digital solid-state compass is a coating) or the equivalent uncoated toroid plane of the toroid some initial magnetiza-
much more elegant solution. A compass of 4322-020-31390. Notes on adapting the tion is induced in it. This initial magneti-
this type would be valuable in any applica- design to use other toroid types are in- zation results in one part of the toroid
tion where multiple output displays are cluded later. being driven into saturation before the part
needed, a computer readable output is re- The circuit diagram and coil winding 180° away from it during one half of the
quired or where the sensor will be subject details are shown in Figs 2 and 3. The oscillator cycle and the reverse situation
to high vibration or accelerations. In addi- toroid is driven into saturation in alternate occurring during the other half cycle. This
tion, the electronic nature of the sensor directions at about 10kHz by a magnetic non -symmetrical saturation of the core
permits its location far from large metallic multivibrator circuit of the type often used produces a flux unbalance and an induced
masses which can locally distort the field. in inverters. voltage in the secondary windings. The
All solid-state compasses operate by Windings P1 and P2 are the drive prima- magnitude of this induced voltage is
sensing two or three resolutes of the hori- ries while P3 and P4 provide the necessary closely proportional to the applied flux
zontal component of the earth's magnetic
field and then perform appropriate trigo-
nometry with these resolutes to obtain the Fluxgate magnetometers into saturation a short time before the
There are very few means of measuring opposite half and the toroid as a whole
resultant magnetic flux direction. Using absolute values of magnetic fields. The would, for a short period of time act as a
Hall -effect sensors, it is possible to most popular one is the Hall effect small magnet. The net result is that a
produce very simple arrangements. Un- sensor, but most commercial units are coil encompassing the complete
fortunately, during preliminary testing designed for relatively high values of magnetic circuit would pick up an
none of the low-cost, commercially avail- field. induced voltage impulse, proportional
able Hall-effect probes, including those The fluxgate configuration can to the external field.
with integral ferrite flux -concentrators, measure very low field magnitudes by By mounting two such coils
were found to have sufficient accuracy at using the chopper -amplifier principle. perpendicularly to each other onto the
magnetic field levels appropriate for com- Briefly, it is based on the fact that all same toroid, we can resolve any
passes. Even when extra flux-concentra- parts of an uniformly excited toroidal external field into its X and Y
magnetic circuit would be equally components in the toroid plane.
tors formed by 2cn: long Mumetal strips magnetized in the absence of external
attached to each side of the sensor were magnetic fields and therefore no
added, increasing their output from voltage would be induced into a coil
microvolt to millivolt levels, the tempera- encompassing the whole magnetic
ture drifts were of similar magnitude to the circuit.
output produced by the earth's field. The The introduction of external field in
disappointing results obtained with Hall- the plane of the toroid would result in a
effect sensors forced the adoption of a flux - slight unbalance between the two
halves of the magnetic circuit (see Fig.
gate sensor with its inherently greater cir- 1).
cuit complexity. The flux at point A equals 4)A=4)o+4),
The theory of fluxgate magnetometers whereas point B, situated 180° away
and compasses is beyond the scope of this would correspond to a flux 4)e=4)o-4),
paper and interested readers are referred to Where 4e is due to local toroid
References 2 and 3. For a brief description excitation and 4), to the external field.
of the principle of operation, see box. Although the unbalance is very slight,
An initial prototype of a fluxgate sensor it can be measured through one of its
used magnetic cores cut from Mumetal side effects: If we cyclically change the
local excitation so as to switch the Local
sheet, but an inconvenient post-fabrication
annealing operation in a hydrogen atmos-
toroid between its two magnetic excitation
saturation points, we find that due to
phere was required to obtain the desired the unbalance, one half would be driven Fig. 1. Flux interference pattern.
magnetic properties. To overcome this dif-
WIRELESS WORLD OCTCBER 1982 49
C14
+9V
1k6 180p
76 1p tant.
02 ? R7 tk6
R
12 T R16
150p
p
0A202 D4 0A202 1k 910k 10M

e2
?-1
+9V
lp tant
L M308
R1 R17
R3 7
Vx
1k 910k
910
1k R21 10
+9V iC1
1M F30p
4066 +9V
-.-ao- 9
1
-9V
EOS R5 10 11 C8
font
13
5k1 S
O R
14 R18 21 150p
ó D1 0A202 6 113 7
10M
1k 910k
+9V
2 0 1p tant
R15 R19 LM 308

Vy
4 6
1k 910k
i
910
11
R24 R25 I-
l 27k 10k1 1M Op
1n D5_ 2y2
0A202
D3
R8
1k6
9V
L12 tant
T-9V
0A202
180p
9 1k6 15, 2y 2
T tant
component perpendicular to the plane of Fig. 2. Fluxgate sensor circuit diagram.

the appropriate secondary coil. In practice,
the effect of applying an external field is to
change the amplitude of the pre-existing
secondary voltage spikes. The amplitude mean voltages (outputs V. and V)) are
of these spikes is also quite strongly tem- proportional to the sine and cosine of the
perature dependent. Figure 5 illustrates angle between the applied field and the
how the effect of an applied field is plane of the Si coil. In principle the com-
separated from the effect of temperature. pass output is simply the arctangent of the
To perform the necessary arithmetic on output voltage ratio. It is essential that the
spike amplitudes, a phase sensitive detec- coil assembly and the associated electron-
tor and summing amplifier is used for each ics be located on the same circuit board
secondary. The detector control signals because the zero offset is very sensitive to
(Fig. 6) are generated by differentiating, the relationship between the wires
half wave rectifying and attenuating the connecting the coil to the electronics. Fig. 4. Primary drive voltage (lower trace)
and resulting secondary (Sx) voltage
primary drive voltages. The phase detector Construction details spikes (upper trace).
outputs are summed and the resulting The coils are the heart of the device and,
although they are relatively non-critical, an
effort applied to winding them carefully
and neatly will be well repaid. The prim- placed around the toroid and secured with
ary drive windings P1 and P2 are wound on quick -setting epoxy glue. However the
Philips the toroid first and fill it about 11/2 layers secondaries are wound, it is essential that
P1,P2 .. 4322-020-97140 deep. These two coils are bifilar wound, they are a neat fit and closely coupled tb
that is they are wound with two wires side the toroid. On completion of the windings
by side to produce two closely identical the toroid assembly should be glued to the
windings. The feedback windings P3 and circuit board and the leads connected, be-
P4 are bifilar wound on top of P1 and P2. ing careful to observe the correct hand of
The two secondary windings can either be the P1, P2, P3 and P4 windings. All
wound on a tubular former with notches at windings should be securely glued to
90° intervals, which fits around the pre - prevent any relative movement between
wound toroid (Fig. 7) or wound separately them.
and then glued in place. If the latter The remainder of the circuit is straight-
method is adopted it is suggested that each forward and a board layout and component
secondary be wound around a 6mm by positions are reproduced in Figs. 8 and 9.
16.5mm rectangle formed by four pins. On The use of metal -can transistors and inte-
P1,P2 - 2x50 turns 30 Swg enamelled Cu wire removal of the pins the preformed rectang- grated circuits should be avoided, since
P3, P4- 2.10 .. 30 ular coil should be bound with another they could distort the applied magnetic
SI,Sy-100 40 piece of coil wire (taking care not to create field.
a shorted turn) so that is is bundled to- If it is desired to use a toroid other than
Fig. 3. Toroid windings. gether. The two secondaries can then be the one specified, the following procedure
is recommended. If necessary, change the The sensitivity of the sensor is quite
number of turns on the primary windings, strongly temperature dependent (about
keeping the same ratio between drive and 5% per °C) but since both outputs are
feedback windings, so that the operating affected equally the indicated angle is un-
frequency is in the range 5kHz to 50kHz. changed. The zero offsets vary by about
Change the value of C2 and C3 so that the 10mV/°C and for operation in environ-
phase sensitive detector control pulses are ments which are not temperature
similar in length to the secondary spikes. controlled, these changes would have to be
Alter the value of R20 and R21 to obtain the corrected for, if maximum accuracy was
desired overall sensitivity. Although they required. The repeatability of the sensor
have not been tried, their specifications calibration is excellent with no measurable
suggest that the following toroids could be change over a one month test period, and
used with only minor component value Fig.7. Toroid with primary windings and presumably for much longer periods since
changes: Philips 4322-020-97060 (blue former for secondaries. there is no obvious mechanism for long
coating); Philips 4322-020-31390 (un- in Europe and the USA. In other parts of term drifts. The sensor is very sensitive to
coated); Siemens B64290 -K0045 -X026 the world the horizontal flux density varies temperature gradients in the ferrite core
(coated); Siemens B64290 -A0045 -X026 from zero at the magnetic poles to 4.13 x and it is essential that it be protected from
(uncoated). 10-5 tesla in the Bay of Bengal. If the sen- draughts. The sensor board draws 17mA
sor is not horizontal, total flux densities from the +9volt supply and 2mA from the
exceeding 6 x 10-5 tesla may be found. -9volt supply.
Performance The sensor peak -to -peak output voltages
To facilitate calibration, the sensor board are directly proportional to the field Installation
should be taped to a 360° plastic protractor strength in the plane of the toroid. For The sensor must be mounted in a horizon-
which can be rctated inside a circle drawn carefully wound coils the phase angle be- tal attitude if accurate results are to be
on a piece of paper placed on a wooden tween the two output voltages will be obtained. In a boat, where large attitude
table top. Care must be taken not to move within a few degrees of the desired 90°. It changes are often experienced, the sensor
any ferrous or magnetic objects near the is suggested that any departure from 90° is would have to be mounted on a set of
compass sensor during calibration. The treated as a correction in the angle compu- gimbals. In a land vehicle subject to large
author experienced inconsistent results tation, but if desired the coils can be bent accelerations but normally operating on an
which were eventually traced to the effect by trial and error prior to fanal glueing to approximately level surface, it may be bet-
of his metal belt buckle. A typical cali- produce the desired angle between them. ter to rigidly mount the sensor. If mounted
bration chart is shown in Fig. 10. The Vi near large ferrous objects or sources of
and Vy outputs are usually within ±1° of magnetism, the sensor must be compen-
best fit sine curves with zero offsets in the sated as for a normal compass3. Fortuna-
range ±2volts. A peak-to -peak amplitude
tely with the freedom to remotely mount
of about 1.2volcs was produced by a hori-
the sensor it is often possible to ford a
zontal flux density of 2.2 x l0"5 tesla (we-
location where compensation is not re-
ber/m2 -
the value for Melbourne, Aus- quired and the small residual errors can be
tralia). Similar outputs should be obtained treated as part of the calibration. If very
long connecting leads are to be used be-
tween the sensor board and readout
electronics, it may be necessary to include
- vf -V3
1kfì resistors in series with the V. and Vy
outputs to decouple the operational ampli-
fiers from the cable capacitance.
)-V4 -V4
Microprocessor readout system
- V2 In a microprocessor -based system the sen-
sor outputs V. and Vy would be
Fig. 8. Fiuxgate sensor p.c.b. layout. multiplexed into an analog -to-digital
t Effect of applied field Effect of temperature change
io minimize temperature effects Vout= V2 -I-V3
I Purely for convenience VI and V, are not used
Fig. 5. Effects of temperature versus

applied magnetic field on secondary
waveform.
Fig. 6. Secondary output (Sx - IC1, pin 1 -

upper trace) and phase sensitive detector's
control signals: middle trace: IC1, pin 5. Fig. 9. Fluxgate sensor component positions.
lower trace: ICt pin 6
+9V_
Reset
1/442
F3
I I
10 11
Al A2 A3
16
Pino Pm 4 Pin 4 2
12
4040
R101
25k 10 turn 3
14 'A, 42 14
X
o
12
100k 100n
9 7 6 5 3 2 4 13
62k
Vx 2
30k 14 Al
1% 30k 30k
1% 1%
14
10
AD 7533
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
12 5 15 4
16 13
7 10
8 4052 9
100n R103
5 k 25k
111 L14
10 turn
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
4-9V
Y
In
14
30k 30k 1
1%
13
3 2 13
14
'/,41
12
A1 A2 A3
Lt1324
1/4A3
3 y4A3
14 Yout
12
A2
Pin 11
Al 43
Pin 11 Pin 11
I I
converter with a useful resolution of at Fig. 12. Angle decoder: input circuitry and which has as inputs two analogue voltages
least 10 bits. An a. to d. converter like the vector rotator. X;. and Y. which are taken as the X and Y
Intersil ICL7109 would be the first choice components of an input vector and a digi-
in this application since it could be simply dedicated hard wired readout system. A tal angle 0 (0 to 1024 for 0 to 36011). The
interfaced to most microprocessors using relatively simple, low cost, arrangement outputs Xout and Yout are the X and Y
parallel or serial data transfer. When the which was used during the development of components of the input vector rotated
digital values of Vx and Vy were read in, the sensor is shown in block diagram form through the angle 0. The heading angle is
the ratio R= (Vx-Vxo)/(Vÿ Vyo) should be in Fig. 11. The operation of this system given by the value of 9 which reduces the
/
calculated, where Vxo and Vyo are the zero depends primarily on a vector rotator X output to zero (ie. the angle through
offsets which should be varied with the
18
measured sensor temperature unless it is *
I
placed in a temperature -controlled enclo- Vy = 0 920+ 0 597 sin (8-2501

Best fit sine curves
sure. Using the value of R and the signs of 14
Vx-Vxa and Vy-Vyo it would be possible to
construct a look up table to give the
heading angle with 1° resolution. The ac- 10
tual sensor will resolve heading changes of >T
much less than 1° but when all sources of 395+ 0 592t sin(0341")
Vx- 0
* Zero offset
error are considered there is little point in 00
aiming for greater overall resolution. Al- t Half
amplitude
ternatively, if a dedicated arithmetic chip output
like the National Semiconductor 0-2 I
MM57109 was available, it may be more o
efficient to take the arctangent of R and
apply any necessary corrections to the 4 '
computed heading later.

360
Hard -wired logic readout HEADING ANGLE 8 (ARBITRARY ORIGINI
In applications where a microprocessor is
not available, it may be desired to have a Fig. 10. Typical calibration chart.

F1 which the input vector must be rotated, to
align it with the system Y axis).
When a reading is initiated by the 2Hz
1MHz
clock
+360 ---
F3
Binary
counter
=1024 ----
F2
BCD
counter IInn Display
1
update clock, the binary and b.c.d. coun-
ters start counting from zero. When Xo t
passes through zero in a negative going
Ang e e Lot h enable direction, a latch enable pulse is generated
Zero crossing
which gates the current b.c.d. counter
detector contents into the display. The RS flip-flop
xout
xin is needed to ensure that only the first zero-
From
Mono- crossing in each update clock cycle pro-
Vector stable
fluxgate duces a latch-enable pulse. The 360/1024
rotator
sensor
Ve Otfset
and
xin
--0Yout
2Hz
R
5
O
R/S
flip-flop
Count
ratio between F2 and F3 produces an out-
put in degrees. Outputs in other units, eg.
tenths of degrees or grads, could be pro-
duced simply by changing this ratio. For
this system to work correctly, the X, and
update
gain adjustment Y;,, inputs must have the same sensitivity
clock
and no offsets; this is achieved with a pair
of offset and gain adjustment amplifiers.
The circuit which is designed around a
Update dock output simple vector rotators, using a pair of
Analog Devices AD7533 low-cost
Zero crossing detector output multiplying digital to analog converters, is
presented in Figs. 12 and 13. This circuit,
Count which has an overall decoding accuracy of
Fig. 11. Principle of about ± 1°, draws 15mA from the +9volt
operation of angle supply, 7mA from the -9volt supply and
r Latch enable decoder.
170mA from the +5volt display supply.
The set up procedure, which consists of
adjusting offsets, sensitivities and balance
is as follows: with the sensor board not
connected, adjust R101 and R102 to set Xj,
= 5volts and Y;,, = 0. Remove the 4040
Fig. 13. Angle decoder: control logic and display.
F1
3/64069
2 3 4 5 144012 '4012 10 F2
10memanno - 2 14
43L 13
4040 4 1110 4040
5p6
5
.
11
27k 27k
11 -i-SV
F3
113 12 18
+9V 15
16
17
Xout 2
1/\;\.
1
1Ck 110n LM 31 2
74C926 3
11 13
'ti\, 1
4
56k
4013
4
'Ok '56k ?z
8 N'-8719 5 10 15 7 2 13
10
-6- -9V T 27p [10 11
!OM
Reset 8
'/64069
9
56kß
V
27p
4013
Count
5 6
6
Latch
enable
,d
BC639
) 11 14
+.9V
750k 4528
7555 10k
or <-> 30k 156p
555 6
un 1,0 tont

counter and ground its socket's pins 2-7, 9 r-
s_00 0_00_4_0
and 12-14. Adjust R104 and R105 to set Xo,
=-Yot = 5/V2 = 3.54volts. Readjust +12V battery supply 2N5195 300yH
R101 and R102 to obtain Xi = O and Yi = wound on 20mm pot cere I
5volt. Check that )(on, _ Ynt 3.54volts. 51 13

OR33 I.. 100 60
15 16
This set up procedure for R104 and R105 is 12
71: 1N4002
sufficiently accurate for most applications,
but if maximum accuracy is needed an
10n
3
pA 78040 T
interative procedure4 should be adopted.
11
Replace the 4040 and connect the sensor
board. While rotating the sensor board 8 10 4 7 -9V
through 360° set R101 to remove the V 12k 91k 50
zero offset so Xi,max=-Xin,min Set R102 <'12k
to remove the Vy zero offset so Yi,, = 250p 250p
-Yi,,i and finally set R103 to equalize X

and Y sensitivities so that X;,ma, = Ym mai
------ I
J
1N4002
Since this circuit was developed pri-
marily for bench testing, no compensation
for changes in X and Y zero offsets with LM 317
o +9V
temperature is provided. An enthusiastic
analog circuit designer could perform this -9V
compensation with thermistors in resistor
I
networks around the input amplifiers. - 437

font
Adj
240
7660
250p
0
1k5
- 1y 2L. 6
tant
T 0y
Power supply Alternative ne0utivE suFlay

L
Since this system will normally be used in 141N4002
mobile applications, it is desirable that it
should operate off a 12volt supply. A regu- +5 V
lated power supply suitable for this pur- LM 317
pose is shown in Fig. 14. Two alternative

methods, (1) or (2) of generating the
Adj
-9volt supply are shown. The Fairchild -O \ '\r- Fig. 14. Power supply suggestions.
µA78S40 universal switching regulator 240
1y tont
was used for most of the development of 720
this project. However quite recently the o 1 1
Intersil ICL7660 voltage converter became
available and proved to have equal per-
formance in this application with a consid- References
erably simpler circuit.
Magnetic compasses and the precautions 1. Steinbaugh, G. Hall Compass Points Digi- 4. Acuna, M. H. and Pellerin, C. J. A
required for their effective use are complex tally to Headings. Electronics, Dec. 18, ture Two -Axis Fluxgate Magnetometer.
and it is strongly recommended that poten- 1980, pp. 112-114 IEEE Transactions on Geoscience Electron-
2. Stuart, W. F. Earth's Field Magnetometry. ics, Vol. GE -7, No. 4, Oct. 1969, pp. 252-
tial users read Ref. 3 and thoroughly check
Reports on Progress in Physics, Vol. 35, 260.
the accuracy of their own installation be- 1972, pp. 803-881 5. Mayer, A. Low -Cost Co-ordinate Converter
fore relying on it in circumstances where
life or property might be at risk. \,7 3. Hine, A. Magnetic Compasses and Magne-
tometers. Adam Hilger Ltd. London, 1%8
Rotates Vectors Easily. Electronics, Sept.
22, 1981, pp. 133-135
M. G. Scroggie - Fifty-nine years a WWauthor

There can be very few electronic engineers, put arrows on both ends of a vector/phasor
from this country or abroad, to whom the was akin to not knowing whether the
nom de plume Cathode Ray is not part of voltage is coming or going. He has also, on
their education. For nearly sixty years occasion, been a touch professorial with
Marcus Scroggie has contributed articles those who approach the Queen's English
on wireless and other manifestations of the with evil intent. The editorial people in WW
mobile electron which have instructed, have long been terrified of writing 'd.c.'
entertained and humiliated more readers (meaning zero frequency) or phrases such
than would probably care to admit to it. as decoupling to earth' in case M. G. S. saw
His technique has often been to take a the piece and fired a broadside.
'simple' circuit and concede that nothing The first WWarticle under the name of
could be easier. The next step in the Marcus Scroggie appeared in the issue for
process, to demonstrate that the apparent August 15, 1923 - a method of raising
simplicity is a snare and a delusion, would 800V for a valve transmitter, M. G. S. being
possibly have reduced the number of also amateur operator 5JX. But the pieces
engineers to a dangerous level had he not which have contributed most to the stature
quickly moved on to show that, if of WWsince the first article appeared in
approached in the proper manner, the 1934 are the articles by Cathode Ray, for
circuit was unlikely to bite. which tens of thousands of engineers have
M. G. S. is not adverse to an argument, cause to thank him.
the most notable perhaps being the Affair On his 81st birthday, we wish Marcus
of the Arrow, his contention being that to Scroggie well.

INTRODUCTION TO VDUs
A simple explanation for newcomers to computing of the characteristics of visual display
units, their method of working and control, and a description of some integrated -circuit
video -display controllers.
In the world of computers, the word 'mo- by Colin Carson time (48) divided by the dot width (0.1) -
nitor' has an unfortunate double meaning. that is 480 dots.
A software monitor is a program, perma- handful of components, but the reverse A domestic television set has a band-
nently resident in a computing system, procedure is not so easy. Generally, there width of between 4 and 8 MHz, whereas
which can be used to test peripherals or are more direct -drive t.t.l. monitors on the monitors commonly have bandwidths up
memory on that system and perform market than the composite-video type and to 20MHz, some up to 65MHz.
simple program debugging. An electronic the price of the former is normally slightly
monitor is almost a television set without lower. Horizontal scan rates
the receiver and loudspeaker: essentially it Of course, a monitor is not essential: a The television standard of 15.625kHz has
is the tube, sometimes the power supply, low -resolution picture can easily be pro- the disadvantage that, to much of the
and the electronics required to produce a duced on a television set, by connecting a population, it is audible. There is a grow-
picture. Instead of the aerial being the composite -video signal to a u.h.f. modula- ing trend to increase this frequency so that
signal source, an unmodulated signal has tor. The modulated signal is fed down it cannot be heard, 18 to 20kHz being
to be provided - either composite video coaxial cable to the aerial socket on the common. Obviously, as this frequency in-
or direct drive. The former is a single line, television receiver, which is then tuned to creases, so does the bandwidth necessary
whereas the latter is made up from three the new signal on a spare channel. to display the required number of dots.
lines - a video line, horizontal sync. and
vertical sync. lines. Bandwidth Vertical scan rate/refresh rate
The picture is made up from discrete dots, In the UK, the vertical scan rate is nearly
Composite video always 50Hz, although an increase of 5Hz
which merge together when viewed from a
Figure 1 shows some sample video wave- distance. Only a finite number of dots can or so can be useful for reducing screen
forms. In the composite video signal, the be fitted into the display time available and flicker. As soon as a monitor is run at
quiescent level is usually 0.3V, which cor- this number is limited by the bandwidth of anything but 50Hz, care must be taken to
responds to black level on the screen. the monitor or television. If a monitor avoid hum loops.
Synchronizing pulses are superimposed on possesses a bandwidth of 10MHz (1/f = Knowing the vertical and horizontal
this black level, t/le short pulses forcing a 100ns), then the minimum width of a dot scan frequencies, the maximum number of
horizontal retrace and the long ones verti- must at least be equal to 1/f and preferably horizontal scan lines can be calculated. A
cal retraces. The majority of the time be- double - that is 100 to 200ns. If this frequency of 50Hz corresponds to 20 mil-
tween horizontal sync. pulses can be used constraint is not met, then the monitor will liseconds between vertical sync. pulses, of
for the display, tine remaining time from be unable faithfully to interpret the video which one millisecond might be needed for
just before to just after the sync. pulses waveform. Having decided upon a dot vertical blanking. The remaining 19 mil -
being the blanking period, during which width, its inverse is termed the dot -clock
the tube does a retrace. During blanking, frequency and is usually the highest fre-
the signal must not exceed the black level, quency needed in a system. When incorpo- Codes
or the retrace will be seen on the screen.
The composite video signal rises to 1V, the
rating a video display into a system it is
always desirable to generate dot -clock, BB MI 0000 0100 04H
`white level' or brightest white on a white
monochrome set: since the signal varies
processor clock and band rate from divid- III II 0000
0001
1010
0001
OAH
11H
ers driven from a single crystal oscillator
between 0.3V and 1V, the picture in- - although this is not always possible. 1111 1 FH
creases in intensity through levels of grey. Suppose a dot clock frequency of 0001 11H
The waveform shown would produce a
bright white dot at the left-hand end of
10MHz is used with a monitor having a
horizontal scan rate of 15.625kHz (64
MHZ 0001 11H
0001 11H
that scan line. A line impedance of 75 microseconds) with 48 microseconds of
ohms is normally associated with compo- that allowed for display, then it would be
site video signals. x 5 matrix,
Fig. 2. Capital A formed in a 7
possible to display x dots on each horizon- with matrix patterns obtained from
tal scan line, where x equals the available character generator and hex. equivalents.
Direct drive
The direct-drive waveforms, also seen in
Fig. 1, should produce the same visible
results as the composite waveform shown White level
above them. Direct -drive voltage levels are 10 7V
not as well defined as composite video - Black level
some monitors take signals from t.t.l. buf-

Composite
rodea 0 3V LT
fers, while others need 1V signals. display period "horizontal vertical sync
sync
Direct drive has the advantage that all Horizontal
sync
the drive signals are, normally, readily
available from the circuitry generating the
video signal; however, it is difficult to send Vertical sync
these signals over long lengths of cable.
This problem is apoided with composite
video, which can be transmitted down
metres of coaxial cable without much of a
Video
n
problem. Direct -drive signals can be Fig.1. Video waveforms. Top is composite - fed separately, form the direct drive.
converted to composite video with a video signal, while other three waveforms,
Dot clock Character clock
Oscillator running at : N counter
dot clock frequency
Connections to
user's system
Clock
Data
Load
Shift Data Character Data Video ram
register out generator out
Address
Address
multiplexer
Out
Row Memory
address address
Control circuitry
Clock
Display
enable Cursor HS VS
Fig. 3. Typical v.d.u. system.

o C
Video Horizontal Vertical
sync sync
liseconds is available for horizontal scan creasing the depth of the matrix or by first character on the second row and so on
lines, the number of which is calculated by raising them into the matrix, which can be until the 1024th byte which corresponds to
dividing this period by the horizontal scan strange visibly. the last character in the last row.
time, i.e. 19000/64 = 296 scan lines. The character clock indicates the rate A code has to be stored in each location
that characters appear on the screen. If dot to define what character will appear at the
Characters clock is 100MHz and each character is 5+1 allocated position on the screen. This code
A character can be displayed on the screen dots wide, then the character clock rate is is usually an ASCII seven -bit code; the
by illuminating specific dots within a small 10/(5 + 1) = 1.67MHz. character generator is coded similarly. As
matrix, 5 x 7 and 7 x 9 being common the video ram is likely to be eight bits
matrix sizes. Figure 2 shows an upper case wide, and the ASCII code only seven, the
Cursor
A' formed in a 5 x 7 matrix, which is spare bit can be used for other purposes.
The cursor is a block or bar of light, often The video ram is accessible by both the
adequate for low -bandwidth applications. flashing, which moves around the screen
Larger matrices improve character resolu- video control circuitry and the user's
tion, provided the monitor has sufficient
indicating the position where the next
character is to appear. As the screen is
system - the latter may well want to read
bandwidth. With a 5 x 7 matrix, an inter - the video ram as well as write to it. Exactly
filled with text, so the cursor moves along how the circuitry arbitrates between the
character spacing of one dot is acceptable, covering each line in turn: carriage return
so a scan line supporting 480 dots could two interested parties is a matter for some
sends the cursor to the start of the next line
handle 480/(5 + 1) -
i.e. 80 characters down. When the cursor reaches the end of
care. In Fig. 3 a multiplexer is fitted to the
horizontally. address lines feeding the video ram so that
the bottom line on the screen, it is com- they can be switched between the user's
The matrix patterns for each character mon for the text to scroll, which means
3isplayable by a video system are stored in system and the video control circuitry,
that each line of text moves up the screen which issues a series of 64 sequential video
a prom or rom character generator and
one line and the top line disappears. ram addresses. At the top of the screen,
make up what is known as the character
set. Each pattern has to be coded into
the first address issued is 000H, as this
binary, using a 1 where the matrix is to be Video ram corresponds to the first byte on the first
illuminated and 0 elsewhere. Each hori- Figure 3 shows a typical, minimum visual - row, the next OO1H and so on up to 03FH.
display system. Suppose that 41H is stored in location
zontal bit pattern in Fig. 2 is converted to a
byte and stored, scan line by scan line, in Screen information is stored in an area 000H; shortly after the issue of that
of ram known as video ram: in older de- address by the control circuitry, 41H
the character generator, which is often a
signs, this ram often has separate data in- appears data output pins and this code is
prom, so that the character set can be
put and output pins. Each byte in the presented at the input of the character
changed at will.
video ram corresponds to a position on the generator. The control circuitry also issues
If 296 horizontal scan lines are available, a row address for the character generator,
and a 5 x 7 matrix is being used with three screen; for example, a screen having 16
rows of characters with 64 characters in which increments for each scan line of the
scan lines free between each row of charac-
each row requires 16 x 64, i.e. 1024 con- character. The display -enable line is active
ters, then 29 rows of characters could be
tiguous bytes of video ram. The first byte except during blanking and the cursor line
fitted onto that screen. This would not be
corresponds to the first character on the at the time it is present on the screen.
very readable and would not allow for
lower-case letters with descenders such as first row, the second to the second charac-
`g' or `y'. They are accommodated by in - ter on the first row ...
the 65th byte to the Continued next month
No hangover!
Hangover, a rather For further details
loose term to describe and the name and
the stored energy address of your nearest
resonance in a Quad ESL-63 retailer
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loudspeaker. ment you've ever made. (0480) 52561.
Take it away and Perhaps even
there's a new world - something to
the loudspeakers have celebrate about.
nothing more to say -
instead there's just the
orchestra and the
magic of the music
immiammar
QUAD
for the closest approach
to the original sound

I
The best ref.for the

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A minimum operating current of 150uA. Series and win the game.
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Tel: 0284 701321 Semicomps,Keighley, Tel: 0535 65191 Senucomps, Kelso, Tel: 0573 24366 Swift-Sasco, Crawley,
TM: 0293 28700.
AUDIO OSCILLATOR WITH
TONE BURST
An audio signal generator, providing both sine and square outputs from 10Hz to 250kHz.
Switch -controlled logic circuitry provides a variable mark/space-ratio tone burst, and the
output can be switched to include a RIAA network
This article describes the design and con- lower frequencies in order to keep band-
struction of a signal generator capable of
by J. T. Tiernan, width vs frequency in proper perspective.
F.S.E.RT.
producing both sine and square waves in Many commercial signal generators for
the range 1OHz:25OkHz. Comprehensive maximum value of RA/RB (plus, of course, serious audio work give approximately
tone -burst generation facilities are also R1 and R6). In practice, the value of C2 equal space on the dial scale for each oc-
provided. The oscillator section is a con- also affects the lowest frequency that can tave of frequency covered, and the (nearly)
ventional Wien -bridge configuration, be obtained -
the larger the value of C2 ideal component for RA/RB is a dual
using an RA53 thermistor for amplitude the lower you can go. square -law potentiometer. Such compo-
stabilization; and for those who have no A CA314O op -amp is used as the active nents are available but, besides the ex-
requirement for tone burst facilities, the element in the oscillator, with R7 included pense, they are wirewound, rather large,
oscillator, associated attenuator, and out- to help it sink current to the OV line. With and not well suited to high -frequency
put amplifier may be used as the basis for a out R7, there is noticable clipping of nega- operation. However, shunting the active
good general-purpose sinewave generator. tive half cycles of the output sinewave. A section of a log -potentiometer, as shown in
The sine -wave distortion has not been 741 may be substituted directly for the Fig. 2 (R32 and R33 across RA and RB)
measured, but the distortion figure for this 3140, but the 741's poor slew -rate per- produces a very acceptable result. Fre-
type of circuit is usually claimed to be 0.5 - formance will limit the upper frequency quency calibration holds good up to about
1.0% over the 2OHz 2OkHz range. Also
= obtained to around 5OkHz. 5OkHz, but above that there is a gradual
included in the oscillator section is an oc- divergence leading to a -15% error at the
Frequency determination. Many signal gen-
tave switching arrangement (very conve- erators have frequency bands spanning the maximum output frequency.
nient for checking filter slope rates) and an 15-200 range; but that is not always conve-
The output from the oscillator at points
RIAA pre-emphasis network, which may E and F of Fig. 1, is about 1V r.m.s. and is
nient, and this design works in bands of
be used for tesing the performance of 10-150 via the secection of CA14 and CB1-4
fed to the tone-burst section (to be even-
magnetic pickup preamplifier inputs. (Fig. 2). An additional and useful feature tually returned to point G for output con-
is provided by capacitors CA11-44 and CB 11-
ditioning). Those who wish to make use of
Circuit description 44in conjunction with S7, operation of the oscillator section only may link points
The oscillator, shown in Fig. 1 employs a which effectively halves the value of the E and G directly.
Wien -bridge network to determine fre- selected capacitors and causes the output Attenuator. Resistors Rs, 9, lo, in conjunc-
quency and the oft -used R53 thermistor frequency to be exactly doubled. It allows tion with S2 and P1, form a simple decade
stabilizes the oscillator output at about 1V for quick and convenient checking of filter attenuator. The decade divisions are not
r.m.s. It is the simplest (and most reliable) roll -off slopes. exact owing to the finite input impedance
form of stabilization, its main drawback The bandwidth of a given effect is (47k) of the output amplifier. The attenua -
being a relatively long thermal time con- usually proportional to its centre fre- tor is placed before the amplifier in order
stant which gives rise to some output -am- quency, and this implies that it would be to realise minimum output impedance,
plitude bounce on changing frequency. and hence maximum drive capability at the
appropriate to give more dial space to the
Variation of RA/RB and/or CA/CB control output terminal If 600 ohm output im-
output frequency: R1 and R6 set the maxi- Fig.1. Wien -bridge oscillator circuit with pedance is required it can be achieved by
mum frequency for a given value of C; output amplifier. Frequency determining bridging points M and N with a 600 ohm
minimum frequency is determined by the network shown in Fig. 2. resistor.
+9V
R14
D
BC184L
50k R2 820k 6 ik4

log 56 [6
A CA3140
R10
IC1 6 E G
VVV.
N4148 11-M N
47
50k log 2
10k K
C711n5
4 33p R17>56
Output 1n5 1
R Tr E S3
C5
RS attenuator OOutput
R19
n 1M
B 'k4 53
R2 Normall
15p BC
10k C4 82k
lin 11 212L C9 R1AA
270 BC184L
R8 , 47k
^-
10p
Output 15
level
3 680k V
1
Cl _y3 :' 330p
R13
27k
150k
680k
R20
Z 3k3
1k2 9 < 100

220k
OV

inputs which approximate to the real -life
CA44
situation, and the following applications
F-77CA 560p
CA3
560p +56p
spring immediately to mind:
- amplifier peak power determination;
-lb ó
33
6n8 6n8 ó Sta

- visual inspection of amplifier transient
CA22 --+Osc/D behaviour;
ç
CA2
- measurement of noise reduction cir-
I
CA11
68n 68n cuitry performance; (attack/release times
Il CA1
and frequency sensitivity)
1 680n 68On - loudspeaker tone burst testing.
In the circuit to be described, c.m.o.s.
2f
Osc/ B logic i.cs are used to generate the tone -
S 7a burst control signals. The design uses four
i.cs, and tone-burst timing is controlled by
R32 43k
50k R33
the outputs of a single 12 bit counter,
log
50k clocked at the oscillator signal frequency.
log
CW An oscilloscope pre -trigger is produced
NC NC one half cycle before the start of a tone
Osc /A burst.
Logic description. The circuit diagrams

for the control logic are given at Figs 4 and
1 5, but to aid understanding, an equivalent -
à 2f function logic version, with associated
p 51c osc/C waveforms, is given at Fig. 3. (The wave-
f S7b
forms assume selection of the QI and Q2
outputs - points G and H - from the
counter, to set the number of cycles in the
S1 Frequency range burst and the total sequence period respec-
Pos 1 x 1
tively.)
2 x 10 57 Frequency double switch
Referring to Fig. 3; the counter is run-
3 x 100 ning constantly, clocked via a squaring
4 x 1k RA- RB Variable frequency control amplifier and Schmitt trigger (note that
Fig. 2. Components shown as CA, RA, etc in Fig. 1. Frequency is switched in decade steps the counter advances on the negative
and S7 doubles frequency. transition of the clock signal). Every time
Output section. The output amplifier is a sine
simple class B design with a gain of about
2.5, and it is capable of driving output CLK square
loads as low as 10 ohm (but at reduced IC1 C2 IC3
output, about 300mV maximum) There
are no discernible crossover effects and its
performance is far superior to that which
Osc
A
Squarer --4b- 5 Counter
IC4 --- -
could be obtained by using, say, another x
3140 op-amp. The d.c. levels have been
chosen to allow operation down to +7.5V ) ICS
supply voltage (the lowest value at which Trig
the battery supply can be considered

usable) at which the amplifier will deliver
2V r.m.s. before the onset of clipping.
This approach restricts the maximum po-
tential output which could be realised for Ref
supply voltages above 7.5V, but it should 1P3) + 'Off' signal

prove adequate for most test applications.
With the amplifier gain value chosen it will O Sync out
always be possible to provide slight
A
overdrive at the maximum settings of S2
and P1; and the short circuit output cur- C LK
rent is limited to 50mA r.m.s. with
r,
R16=R17 = 56ohms. Output rise and fall
times (square -wave input with C12 = H
18pF) are symmetrical and surprisingly
4!1'- J
good for so simple a design.
The final bit of output circuitry is a 4/13 K
passive RIAA pre-emphasis network, ac- 5/5 Y

curate to within 1dB, and useful for carry-
ing out equalization checks on magnetic 5/13 X
pickup preamplifiers. The attenuation fac-

M1
tor of the network measures 31dB, and
output impedance 3k3 ohms, at 1kHz. Sync
P,=O
Tone burst generator P
wave
The ability to generate short but precisely (square
selected
1
I
defined bursts of signal is a very useful
attribute for a piece of audio test equip-
ment; audio systems can be fed with test Fig. 3. Basic circuit of tone -burst switching, with waveforms.

04-W
R30
100n A
R26 9 1k
n
E
IC 2 / 3
012 22k OV
IC2/5 Y
f Z
S4 18p
102/
-
6k8 24
10
D G 220k R25
2 CLK
33p
01
IC2 10 220k
Q2 _ 11 12 2 13
r
R
22
T,/ IC3 IC4/2 IC4/1 ICs
A BC184L
4040 4013 4013 4016
or equiv 9 13 I
5
C15 R
2
^l
2 1
% 11
09 K O
47» Output
8 u
47p
P4
ff. RS 4 R27
P., .
>22k; 11 =1/Vv 47k
22k V
W
OV O 0 0)
C13
P S
3 C14
-170
22k 10y
17-1 P
IC2-4584 X
13
IlJ012 O
47k Sync oui
IC2/6
G goes positive it will either set or maintain Fig. 4. Tone -burst gating. Inputs from clock -pulse train which may be either in
toggle output J at logic 1. Each positive circuit of Fig. 1. (E and F) and output to G in phase or 180° displaced from the input
transition of H will reverse the status of the Fig. 1. sinewave. The setting of S4 (INVERT)
first toggle, but reset will occur as soon as determines the polarity of the output tone
there is a positive transition at G. forms MI, M2 and P give some idea of the burst, i.e. 'n' cycles, starting with a posi-
Since the counter advances on the nega- effects of P2, P3, and P4. Note that the tive half cycle, or 'n' cycles starting nega-
tive clock transition, the states of J and K waveform lettering is correct in relation to tive. A third Schmitt, IC2/3i is used to
will not be transferred to X and Y ur_til Figs 4 and 5 except those noted arbitrarily invert and buffer the square wave for input
half a cycle after they (J and K) have as X and Y at the inputs to the analogue to the analogue gate, and R26/C12 attenuate
changed: this system ensures there will be gates. it to approximately the same pk-pk ampli-
no odd triggering effects due to counter Taking the real -world circuits and tude as the sinewave (but only at VSupply =
propogation delays, but it will provide a dealing first with Fig. 4, Tr4 takes the 9V; the square wave amplitude will vary
convenient (and necessary, for some input sinewave, plus a 4.5V d.c. level, according to the actual supply voltage).
'scopes) sync. waveform half a cycle before from point F in the oscillator section and The square wave at point F clocks the
the analogue gate IC5 is opened for a tone - raises it to a level suitable for operating the counter to produce division ratios 2, 4, 8,
burst transmission. During the X 'on' Schmitt trigger IC2/1. Variation of P2 16 . . 2048, 4096 at the Qo
. Q11 . . .
period, the upper gate of IC5 transmits the allows variation of the m/s ratio of the terminals, and the selected Q points are
input signal to the output attenuator: dur- resulting square wave between 0 and fed to the 'set direct' and clock inputs of
ing the Y 'on' period it will pass whatever 100%. The Schmitt circuits invert the in- IC4/2 (a D -type flip-flop with the D input
is present at the input of the lower gate, put waveform, and thus S4 will select a on pin 9) -
refer back to Fig. 3 for the
which is a d.c. level set by P4 (usually to
the centre level of the signal waveform on TBG/HIQO)
the upper gate) on which may be superim-
posed the input sine wave from point A, at TBG/G(Q31-1
an amplitude determined by the setting of TBG/K
P3. The trigger control, P2, sets the
mark/space ratio of the Schmitt -derived OSC/M
square wave, and hence either (a) the duty
cycle of the output waveform (square -wave
output selected) or (b) the point on the sine Fig. 6. Setting S8 in Fig. 5. to "PATTERN" waveforms. Either the J or K output may
wave at which the tone burst starts. Wave - produces this type of output. be selected to feed the D input of IC4/1,
and the position of 5s determines the tone-
2 4 8 4k
SQ1 S02 503 burst /space relationship of the output se-
-SC112
quence. For G=Q2, H=Q7, S5=K, the
output will consist of sequences of eight
58
cycles of signal followed by 248 (=256-8)
cycles of `space'. With S5 = J and Qs
[BST unchanged, the output sequence will be
reversed to 248 cycles of signal and eight
cycles of `space'.
For constant sine or square -wave output
PON 080/011 (S6) the Q selection switches (Fig. 5) are all
set to 'off (J
= 1 via R25) and Ss(a) is set to
select K (REVERSE).
TBG/G T8G/H
The sync. output is taken from either J
Fig. 5. Switching for tone-burst gating. Circuit connects to G and H in Fig. 4. or K via S5(b) and buffered out via IC; /6

and R28/C14. In practice, point M can be
connected directly to point L; S50)) is only
required if your oscilloscope 'prefers' trig- Specification
gering from a particular polarity waveform All measurements taken with battery supply, V=9.5V
when S5ro) can be wired accordingly. Frequency range 10Hz-250kHz in four overlapping bands.
Q switching (Fig. 5). It is appropriate to 10-150 nominal band scale plus octave
look at the counter switching arrange- multiplier.
ments at this point rather than going im-
mediately to the circuitry around IC2/4 and Output waveforms 1, continuous sine wave
IC2/5. There are 12 Q switches, one for 2. continuous square wave with variable m/s
ratio and symmetrical rise/fall times:
-
each of the counter outputs Qo QI1, and
the interconnexions are such that, regard- to 70% 6Ons
less of the total number of switches in the to 90% 250ns
'on' position, only the outer two are at 7V pk-pk output and 10k 12 load.
effective and feeding Q signals to Sg. With 3. Sine -wave burst:
Sg in the BURST position, the generated any binary figure (1,2,4,8 etc)
control signals are as depicted in Fig. 3. between 1 and 2048 cycles within
The time period contribution of an an overall timing sequence selectable
èffective' Q switch depends on whether it between 2 and 4096 cycles.
is the first (feeding G) or the last (feeding 4. Square -wave burst, as for 3.
H); the last switch sets the overall sequ- 5. Either 3 or 4, but with variable -amplitude
ence time period in accordance with the sine -wave, interposed between the main
normal binary weighting of its Q input, burst signals.
i.e. Q,, = 2, Q2 = 4, Q2 = 8 etc. The first 6. Group burst patterns
switch sets the burst -time period within 7. Ail the above but with RIAA pre -emphasis.
the overall sequence at a value equal to half
its binary weighting (Qo=1, Q1=2, etc). Maximum output signal RL=10kS2 2.5Vr.m.s.
(1KHz sine wave) RL=600 S2 2,25Vr.m.s. (+ 9dBml
Waveforms G, H, J make the relationship
clear. RL=100 i2 1,5Vr.rn.s.
RL= 10 G 300mVr.m.s.
When Sg is in the PATTERN position,
the situation is rather different and the Amplitude/frequency +0.5 -1.0dB, 10Hz-250kHz (ref. 1kHz, 2V r.m.s.)
operation cannot be seen from the simple stability
representation at Fig. 3. The waveforms *Square wave amplitude Variable up to 7V pk-pk
given in Fig. 6 show what happens when
G= Q3 and H=Q0. When, say, G=Q6 and Short-circuit output Limited at 50mA r.rn.s.
H=Q2, the output will consist of 128 cycle current
sequence periods, within which there will
be four bursts of eight cycles spaced at Supply requirement 7.5-9.5V at 10mA (internal L i:uries) or
eight -cycle intervals. This option may have 7.5-12V at 12-20mA (ext. s: . yl
no useful application, but the result is too
pretty to ignore, and it is the only option *set approximately equal to sine wave pk-pk output (with 9V supply)
which can produce 1:1 mark-space ratio in
tone-burst mode.
Turning now to the last two elements of the analogue gates (IC5) must not go
IC2 (IC 2/4 and IC2/5); these are used to at Fig. 8 must be used for coupling to
outside the limits bounded by the power point A (TBG/A) in the tone -burst logic.
form a 'battery saver' circuit feeding a supply feeds to the i.c. Slight overdrive
front panel led 'on' indicator (D3). With will result in clipping of the output and
continued on page 86
the component values specified, C16 severe overdrive may cause permanent
charges (via R29) and discharges (Tr5 and damage to the device. The output from + 9V
D3) on a three -second cycle, causing the Point F on the oscillator fulfils both the
led to flash appropriately. But with the led above, and if anyone wishes to make up
buried in a plastic bung for panel mount- the tone -burst logic only, to be driven
ing, and in a well -lit room, the effect is, from a generator with an earth -referred
frankly, disappointing; the led needs to be output, a coupling network similar to that
1sk
reasonably openly mounted, and angled

1Vrm.s
upwards, for it to be worthwhile. sinewave TBG/A
I I
The resistor R30 and terminal AA are from
100p
ext. source
provided to give constant led operation
P3
when the generator is fed from an external
supply (see Fig. 7); but if a rise to 16mA +8 to 12V p
on battery operation can be tolerated, ter- 10-20mA S9
minal AA may be connected permanently
to the +9V supply line.
Finally, in this description of the tone-
burst logic, a couple of points about the
nature of the input to terminal A should be
Ext supply
input
_ Ext.
I nt
Ón
Off
I 1BG/AA
Fig. 8. Circuit to allow the
use of the tone -burst
generator alone,
mentioned. In order to exercise smooth

control of the m/s ratio fo the square wave T
, 9V
out of IC2/1i the input circuitry for Tr4 has
been designed to accept a sinewave input .y A Fig. 7. Power supplies.
of about 1Vr.m.s. with a d.c. component See text for
of about +'4.5V. It is also worth mention- recommendations.
ing that shunting P2 (22k) with a 33k resis- 58 (ganged
tor gives smoother control than the poten- with P1
tiometer on its own. The signal inputs to

IL _AL _.-J
TAPE VOICES The reference voltage should be Independent differences would be a step in the right direc-
It is now more than eleven years ago that
from temperature: tion. Those conditions include but, are not
Konstantin Raudive's book, "Breakthrough" limited to: aural familiarity with the equipment;
announced the discovery of the tape-voice phe-
Vous=VgE+SA VgE aural familiarity with the room; and both of the
monenon to the English speaking world. The above achieved through listening periods of an
publication started what at that time was ex-
a
aTVo°c- aT
aVBE
+,5-
aAVBE
extended length of time.
Consequently, for a valid listening test, the
pected to become the greater challenge in the
field of parapsychology and electronics. person doing the test needs to be very familiar
Wireless World also carried a detailed review
=-0.002+aäTBE -0 with the system; all of its components together
in the partiuclar room in which the test is being
of the book "which I strongly commend to your SA VBE= 0.002T=0.6 volts for T=300°K.
attention" (Vector, June 1971), and the com- conducted. This would probably be the home
ment that "the problem cries out for investiga- Finally, system of the person doing the test. A d.b.l.t.
tion". For the sake of truth, it must be admitted which ignores the normal listening conditions
that some interesting investigations indeed was VO11= VBE+aA VBE=0.6+0.6=1.2V,
should be suspect.
carried out, and the results of some very Differences seem most noticeable (after long
convincing tests by Pye, Belling-Lee, and which is the "band -gap" potential for silicon. familiarity with one unit) the first few moments
others) were published. Also, a lot of articles, W. Falcone, after a change is made. After changing to the
radio and television programmes dealt with the Department of Pharmacology unit on which one heard a difference, the longer
matter. But after a short time, the interest de- Leeds University. one is exposed to only this new unit the less one
creased, and today (to my best knowledge) all is struck by the difference between the two.
research is done outside Britain. Long term listening periods (familiarity) are
necessary to hear differences that are most
Can it really be true that British engineers and
technicians (I mean, of course, real technicians
CALCULATING noticeable when initially changed to another
and not modern black -box manipulators with V.S.W.R. unit.
Shortening the listening period (as d.b.l.t. are
digitalized brains) have completely given up I have stumbled upon a quick method of calcu-
this, "the greatest challenge"? I can't believe now conducted) does not seem to lead to the
lating v.s.w.r. when the reflection coefficient is same degree of noticeable difference. It seems
that this should be the case. known and vice versa, which may be of interest
Anyhow, if there is somebody working on the that as we shorten the listening period between
to Wireless World readers. This method is espe-
technical aspects of this matter, I should be very units the more alike they tend to sound. Carried
cially helpful for use with a scientific pocket
glad to hear of it. to extreme, if we switched between the two
calculator. The theory behind this method is as units under test very rapidly there would be no
Peter Stein follows:
3400 Hilleroed percieved difference at all. We hear a composite
Denmark 1+Irl of the two. Such qualities as imaging and related
v.s.w.r.(s)= sound field perceptions require careful long
1-r
LM 109 term listening. In many cases only long term
listening comparisons will clearly reveal a dif-
In Appendix 1 of the interesting article "LM where r is the reflection coefficient. This func-
tion has a minimum value of 1 when 1rl=0, and ference between the two and what that dif-
109 three -terminal voltage regular" (March ference is.
1982), J. L. Linsley Hood sounded hardly a maximum value of infinity where 1r1=1.
A function with identical properties is tan Audophiles spend many hours listening to
convincing when he neglected the last two terms music via their own systems and develop a high
of equation (1), as these are strongly tempera- (45°+1xI) which is 1 for 1x1=0 and infinity for
lxl=45°. Expanding, degree of sensitivity with those particular
ture -dependent. I would like to propose a systems. In many cases the equipment used
simpler, but more credible solution. tan 45°+tanlxl- 1+tanlxl compliments their perceptual biases, which in-
The voltage across a forward -biased emitter tan (45°+1x1)=1 creases the person's enjoyment and sensitivity to
junction in silicon is approximately 0.6V and
-tan 450 tanlxl 1-tanlxl
certain interests. Equipment changes are more
decreases by 2mV per degree Centigrade. This leads to the conclusion that if likely to be noticeable in this environment, and
Therefore VBE=0.6 and aVBE/aT=-0.002. On it is in just this kind of environment that many
the other hand,
s=tan (45°+lxl, lxl=tan-tlrl
audiophiles say that they hear differences.
.'.tan is=45°tan-11r1 The process of subjecting an individual, or
kT
VBE- -!n 1+
IE-atic/ worse, a panel of listeners, to only an evening of
IEO The method of calculating lrl from s is
1
therefore to convert s into an angle by taking the
d.b.l.t. in an unfamiliar acoustical environment,
with unfamiliar equipment and adding a rando-
where at is the inverted common -base current inverse or arc tan on the calculator, subtract 45°
mizing procedure to the testing, results in just
gain. As IE and Ic are much greater than the and then take the tan of the difference.
what one would expect - insensitivity and aural
leakage current 1E0 and al is in the order of 0.5, A. Marshall
confusion. Such testing to date has been rather
it is reasonable to assume that Teddington like an experiment where we design instru-
Middlesex. mentation to measure very accurately certain
IE-aIlc»1
parameters but we don't understand the experi-
IEO ment and therefore gather accurate garbage.
_kT
VBE--
(E-atlCl DOUBLE-BLIND No method exists that can "prove" either the
existence or non-existence of a given perceptual
q1n IEo
LISTENING TESTS phenomenon. Thus the astute audiophile will
Imposing the condition Ic1=10Ic2 for two IT would seem that the double-blind listening note the claims and counter-claims and the con-
identical transistors at the same temperature, test (d.b.l.t.) method has been primarily conditions that produced them, and will attempt for
cerned with measurement oriented methodo- himself to hear (or not hear) what was claimed.
'El _Ici -IEt-atict-10 logy. Little, if any, consideration has been given He would be better served to listen for himself
1E2- ergo to the hearing processes and the listening behav- rather than accept others' biases and percep-
198263
1E2 1C2
iour involved in the design of the test method. I tions or the results of d.b.l.ts. As long as there
believe there is reasonable cause to doubt the continues to be an interest in listening tests,
VBE= glnl/j tl results of this test method. inquiry into the nature and behaviour of the
The A -B d.b.l.t. is conducted in conditions listening and hearing processes must be sought,
which is equation (3; in the article. which do not represent the situation in which understood and appropriately incorporated.
we normally experience. reproduced music. Richard N. Marsh
a k IctÌ= AVBE Perhaps a test that more closely parallels condi- Livermore
aT A VBE-q 1 1c2 T tions in which audiophiles say they've heard California, USA.
WIRELESS WORLD CCTOBER

4L J
TELETEXT DECODER 71, 5
Erase page,
Mr Alan Pemberton's letter on p.49 of February
1982 WW points out why the original erase page
circuitry does not work correctly with in-
terleaved magazines, as currently used on 'Ora- 71, 3
cle'.
Unfortunately, I found that the circuit he
suggested, while working fine on Oracle, caused
F S.
the loss of the first 4 rows of Ceefax pages
(following the header) on my decoder. In his
modified circuit, when 77,1 is high, the negative
strobe pulses from 71,3 pass through 77,6 and Roll headers an update every 16 seconds on Ceefax 700 mag-
clock IC78 on their positive going back edges. Roll azine.
When 77,1 is low, 78,11 is held low regardless iv) If the ram disable pulse is used from
of 71,3. 78, 5 -
íC318(11) the page clearing function will not
However, as 71,3 is normally high, IC78 will 46,5 clear those locations where the selected page or
J
63, 6
also be clocked when 71,5 goes high, and I time information is displayed. This can resutrìñ
suspect that I was encountering unwanted load- Selected the header row changing colour during page/
mag.
ing of IC78 at this point. time selection due to the random bits stored in
The modification can be simplified by leaving I was pleased to see in the Letter Column (WW the rams at these locations. This can be
the feed to 78,12 unchanged from the original February 1982) that an interest on the WW overcome if íC309(9) is taken from 78(9) which
design, while And gating 71,3 with Q (78,8) Teletext decoder still prevails. I was encouraged then ensures that Hamming bits are erased fol-
instead of 71,5; so that once IC78 is set, the clock by Mr. Pemberton's letter to modify the clear lowing roll or switch on.
is disabled until the bistable is cleared by the page detection circuit enabling the decoder to Ken Drew
next field sync. on pin 13. work with interleaved magazines. Alas, I could Nottingham
As my decoder uses the whole of IC77 for not get it to work satisfactorily so I reconfigured
other purposes, the And gating was achieved by the two spare gates as shown below.
inserting a germanium diode between 71,3 and This works upon the simple strategy that
78,11 (cathode to 71,3); and adding a second once a clear page bit has been correctly detected
one from 78,11 to 78,8 (cathode to 78,8). by 78(8), it can only be reset by the frame sync.
THE DEATH OF
For the correct operation of the decoder with pulses one field later, thus producing the re- ELECTRIC CURRENT
interleaved magazines, it is essential to break quired clear page action.
the link from 5,9 to 21,1; and to carry out the A few simple modifications which avid Oh dear! Ivor Catt's latest letter (August) iden-
modifications described on p.60 of February teletext followers may fmd useful are: - tifies him as a prime candidate for compulsory
1977 WW, which check the magazine number of i) Reduce value of C16 in the analogue board reading of Dr Scott Murray's series of articles.
every row. from 4n7 to a value closer to 470 pF, particu- Then, at least, he might not confuse theories.
J. H. Hinton larly if "missing rows" are experienced. This Classical electromagnetism, as developed by
Cambridge increases the attack rate of the peak detector Maxwell in the 1860's, makes no appeal to the
such that during the framing code the slice level existence of the electron. For the case of a wave
changes by less than 5%. guided by a pair of wires, the wires determine
I have received details from Humphrey Hinton ii) A spare Nand gate (e.g. 49 (4,5,6)) may be the boundary conditions to the solution of the
of his own modification, and now see the reason used to display rolling headers only from the equations. Electrostatic theory requires that
for the odd behaviour of my modification in his selected magazine, in order to prevent the electric flux lines terminate on charges, but this
decoder. An earlier obscure modification of my ITV/ITN characters twinkling during "roll is not always so for the electromagnetic wave. In
own had resulted in IC78 being clocked by posi- headers". any case, the classical theory of electric conduc-
tive -going pulses, and not negative -going as in iii) Of greater annoyance than (ü) are the tion imposes no limit on the speed of charges in
the original design. flashing time digits on Oracle, due to a dif- the conductors - that comes from relativity
A simple re -arrangement of the gates of IC77 ference (at present) between magazine 200 and theory.
will ensure that `standard' decoders will func- all other magazines. With a difference of one or So, Mr Catt is muddling models, which
tion correctly on both Oracle and Ceefax. two seconds, the time display gives the illusion brings me back to the original point. Electric
I thank Mr. Hinton for bringing this to my of an incorrectly adjusted decoder, whilst current and electromagnetic waves are only me-
attention and apologise to constructors who greater differences are simply confusing. The chanistic models of processes which are beyond
have tried the modification without success. cure is straight forward, 62(10) is taken from our comprehension - what Dr Scott Murray
Alan Pemberton 80(4), but the time is only updated from the calls miracles. Hence, to say that a model does
Sheffield selected magazine, which, for example, leads to not exist is meaningless. If Mr Can chooses not
to like the electric current model that is his
privilege, but it does not seriously devalue the
usefulness of the model, which is judged by
+5V criteria other than credibility or personal prefer-
71,5
1k
ence.
r Modification
Incidentally, M. G. Wellard may wish to note
enclosed within
Manual that the speed of light in water (refractive index
1k 10 clear -- 1.33) is considerably less than that in
dotted lines
12 vacuum. Cerenkov radiation is the electromag-
70, 2 netic equivalent of Concorde's sonic boom. Its
Selected header existence (which is a fact) does not conflict with
relativity. Perhaps Mr Wellard will apologize to
1
J
C71
3
eráse
bit I
L 1(77
2
IC77
CK #
dlikui3
J
Cerenkov.
R. T. Lamb
British Telecom
Milton Keynes
If Mr Can's difficulties with electromagnetism

7, 19
T
69,1
are summarised by the example he gives at the
end of his letter of August 82 then perhaps he
can be helped.
64
As a pulse travels along the line the charge
that terminates the electric field lines is pro-
vided by a current I. This consists of mobile
electrons of charge e and if there are n such Output
electrons per unit length of the line their veloc- R 8K2
ity is v=I/ne. Suppose that I=1A and the R
conductors are copper wires of 1 mm2 cross

section then, ignoring the skin effect V is about R
1021 per cm. Thus with e=1.6.10 -19C we have

-`v1ti C
V=6.10-3 cm s-1 or 2.10-13 the velocity of

light. The skin effect, for a pulse of 1 ns risetime
--1 +
II
1k
330
might raise V to 2 cm s-1 and, if the conductor

is perfect and the electronic motion is solely 1N6148
I
limited by inertia V might even be as high as 100 14
cm s-1, so that the electrons actually have to
acquire a kinetic energy of 2.5.10-1 eV from
the field.
F. N. H. Robinson
Clarendon Laboratory
Oxford
Finally, another feature of this circuit, as
Catt's request in
I write in response to Mr Ivor developed by my colleague Steve Dove, is that if CARTRIDGE
his letter on "The Death of Electric Current" the loop gain is kept below unity, the circuit ALIGNMENT
(W. W. Aug. 1982;x. functions as a good bandpass filter!
Mike Law The ¡suer from Mr R. y. Gitson in our August little
The contradiction claimed by Mr Cad stems
from his assumpton that the apparent velocity Alice (Stancoil Ltd) contained an error in the second sentence of the
with which charge moves along a conductor is
second paragraph, which should read "... the
the same u the velocity of individual electrons. angular error w vary with radius..." - Ed.
It is well known from the free electron model of
LOW -DISTORTION
metals (see for example Solid State Physics: WIEN OSCILLATOR
Second Edition: C. Kittel, Wiley 1956) that this With reference to Mr Linsley Hood's "New way
is not the case. The current density, J (A/m), is of using Wien network .. ," in the May issue,
AMATEURS AND
. ,
given by NeVD, where N is the number of this 'way' was described in one of my originat-
electrons per cu. metre, e the electronic charge
and VD the drift velocity of the electrons. The
ing British patents on RC oscillators about 35
years ago. An r. f. pentode amplifier was fol-
BAND 1
drift velocity is the directed velocity component lowed by a valve phase splitter and a filament G. M. Pheasant (August, 1982, page 60) ex-
resulting from an electric field and superim- lamp was used for amplitude stabilisation. Since
posed on the thermal velocities of the electrons. pressed the hope that radio amateurs would be
then, this oscillator has been continuously up- permitted access to the 50 MHz band when the
The drift velocity is much less than the thermal dated by the use of bipolars, f.e.ts, and i.cs for 405 -line television transmitters are withdrawn
velocity except in electric fields of very high the amplifier, and thermistors, f.e.ts, i.cs, and from service.
values. The current density may be interpreted opto-electronics for the amplitude stabilizer. The BBC acknowledges the valuable contri-
at qv, where q is the charge per unit length of We still think that this is the best 'way' to use a butions by radio amateurs to the study of propa-
conductor to sustain the electric flux of the Wien bridge and are grateful for Mr Linsley
TEM wave and v .s the velocity with which the gation and wishes to encourage such activities.
Hood's enthusiastic support. As he says, quite a The Home Office and the BBC have recently
wave moves. Hence, lot of harmonic distortion is produced at the discussed a proposal that exceptional permission
vq = NeVD 'input' of semiconductors and op. amps and this could be given to a strictly limited number of
and VD/v = q/Ne will be a small ratio in typical is made worse when using the high driving im- UK radio amateurs to operate outside broad-
conductors. The statement that "such electrons pedances that we prefer for other reasons. Our casting hours in the 50-52 MHz band.
would have to travel at the speed of light in a measurements of distortion on TL 072 op. amps The BBC has no plans to continue broad-
vacuum" is thus wrong. at output voltages of about 2V are far worse than casting in Bands I and III after the existing 405 -
Dr J. Brown, C.B.E. those quoted for his oscillator and we have attri- line television services have been withdrawn.
Technical Director buted this distortion mainly to a non -true class The future use of these bands is being urgently
Marconi Electronic Devices Ltd A output stage, perhaps wrongly. It is a pity considered by the Independent Review of the
that his curve of distortion against frequency is Radio Spectrum from 30 MHz to 960 MHz.
limited by hum, as it would be interesting to see P. A. Laven
whether the worsening at the lower frequencies Assistant Head
was mainly due to the time constant of the BBC Engineering Information Department
thermistor or the increasing drive impedance.
PHASE -SHIFTING As a 'two for the price of one,' the voltage -
OSCILLATOR controlled, variable -reactance device shown in
Circuit Ideas in the issue November 1980 was
It will be a great shame if a small portion of
Band 1 isn't allocated to radio amateurs when it
I read with great interest the February article by described in my British patent, through the becomes available. This is a unique and valuable
Roger Rosens on a phase shifting oscillator as I NRDC, about 25 years ago. The main advan- section of the spectrum for experimentation.
developed a similar oscillator recently. A feature tages over variable -capacitance diodes are better I propose the section 48MHz- 48.6MHz, giving
of this type of oscillator is that amplitude stabili- frequency linearity and larger frequency varia- 48 x 12.5kHz channels with the third harmonics
zation can be much simpler than usual, and the tion due mainly to the fact that variable positive falling in the amateur 2 metre band, and making
circuit exhibits no amplitude bounce as the fre- and/or negative reactance can be applied to a them easily policed and identifiable. Any fourth
quency is changed. As it is necessary only to tuned circuit. This system allows the use of harmonics would fall on the IBA's Ch.9 only.
limit the amplitude of oscillation and not the wideband swept oscillators with reasonably flat (As a tv technician in North Devon, I know only
loop gain - which is constant with frequency amplitude responses. It is also particularly use- of one customer using this channel.)
- it is not necessary to include a thermistor, ful for modulating the frequency of crystal- With careful avoidance of specific local radio
and the circuit shown has been found satis- controlled oscillators. We have considered the frequencies second harmonics shouldn't be an Y
factory. use of this system in variable -frequency filters problem either.
This circuit is used successfully in our new and would be interested to know if our New These are my personal views and I welcome
high performance portable mixers, the 2000 Zealand friends have also considered this. comment or letters of support.
series, giving 60Hz to 16kHz in a single sweep, F. G. Clifford John Stacey G8BXO
at a distortion of less than 0.8%, and I have had Wynberg South Molton
the circuit working correctly at up to 500kHz. South Africa Devon
L JL
r], 1
z
MODERN PHYSICS systems or frames of reference, inertial or CIRCUIT MODELLING
otherwise.
"Nobody ever became sunburnt as a result of
exposure to a differential equation" remarks Dr
The solution is simple. In space with no abso- BY HOME COMPUTER
lute rest only the separation of material bodies Further to my own article appearing alongside
Murray (The Electromagnetic Analogy, Wireless
and the change of separation with time, can be Mr Weaver's in the August issue I compared the
World August, 1982). No, but somebody may
described. Individual velocity and distance tra- technique of my article using Mr Weaver's
have avoided sunburn by taking note of the
velled must remain permanently indeterminate. examples.
differential equations which describe the atte-
Mention whould be made of Einstein's co- I enclose the resulting graph. It is interesting
nuation of ultra-violet radiation in its passage
operative myopic observers, without whose help to note that whereas Mr Weaver's technique
through the atmosphere and the reaction kinet- the theory would not have been possible. The
ics of the ozone layer. Seriously, though, there takes 75 seconds for 15 points, the enclosed
one sitting on an imaginatively moving plank, graph of his Fig. 1 took 20 seconds to calculate
seems to be a basic misconception about the role
claimed he saw a flashing lamp (A) screwed to 50 points for the same circuit, and a further
of mathematics in physics, for its role is essen-
the end of it; the other observer, riding on the minute to print the graph. This shows the
tially predictive and in no way explanatory. One
declared stationary co-ordinates said he say the undoubted power of a compiler, although the
feeds whatever data may be available into a
lamp fastened to the x axis of his system. ladder technique is inherently faster than the
mathematical model and if the operation of the
mathematics at least declares the input data to Einstein's science fiction was most successful indefinite admittance matrix technique of my
from his point of view; it earned him notoriety article.
be mutually consistent and preferably also indi-
cates a future state of the physical system which
and a better job. How relativity theory became The ladder technique is normally superior for
required reading in our universities is some- passive networks, but for active networks the
coincides with its actual evolution, then the
thing I cannot understand. indefinite admittance technique is essential.
mathematical model is regarded as a correct
representation of the physical system. Edwin Hill R. I. Harcourt
A more fundamental and problematic ques- Stockton Orpington
tion is whether every physical phenomenon can Rugby Kent
be "explained" by a mechanical analogy in
which one can see a cause -and -effect
relationship between the parts, of the type
which occurs in the large-scale physical world
and can be appreciated by our five senses. The
answer appears to be negative, ever since the
development of quantum mechanics, which has
no parallel in ordinary large-scale mechanics.
One has only to cite the application of particle/
wave quality both to electrons and to photons;
but worst of all, there is even doubt whether
causation rules in the world of microphysics
which is represented by quantum theory. At
this point one has to admit that one cannot
"understand" the behaviour of elementary part- 4 i 1
icles in terms of mechanical models. But if one
accepts the logic of mathematics, one can accept i!
C4('
the logic of mathematical models.

D. A. Bell
Walkington
Beverley
By the end of the last century it was conceded

that space contained no unique reference point.
In a book on mechanics, published in 1888,
Oliver Lodge commented "No such thing as CD
absolute rest is known, but it is convenient, in

mechanics proper, to consider the earth as a
body at rest". This is still the current practice
and as a result we have some very funny physics
and peculiar paradoxes. In his 1905 paper on
moving bodies, Einstein reiterated that there is
no absolute rest, adding that his theory would
not require an absolutely stationary space or an
ether. He then proceeded to invent his own
`stationary'. He suggested we call a set of co-
ordinates the "stationary system" and then use
N
them to define the position and movement of a
point, employing rigid standards of mea-
surement, a completely impossible task since a
fictional reference point can only produce fic-
tional position and velocity.
In fairness to Einstein it should be mentioned
that every physics text extant uses the words
'the velocity of a material point' in a manner M
which requires whimsical decision. We are told,
B has a velocity v with respect to A and so
travels from B to B' a distance I, in time t, so
that 1=BB' = vt. By a simple change of mind it }z12 sr=ax:rr
x1 zr xSS s11iz=ïiiz:xz.yizixi: s i:ax1
could be claimed with equal truth that A has a
velocity v with respect to B and moves a CO 14
O262M2gq2 :0N A-;,b a1NN.0®M ?PJina'.0 dNbPh+NmeQQQI-QNm bvOQP.
L malP0.0.UbmOr' >,NNNMMMQSi'
distance = AA'. This dilemma is not solved by 2 96b0-,-1-n..NNNMMMM4S NNN
t
1
introducing conjurers' props like co-ordinate ¢ ui Yi ul r tr., ul ui u1 II I Yl Vl ui N vl Yl Ifl Yl IA Iri ul Vl vi Vl ui u1 ui ul vi O 40 .40 .0 0 .0 ,0 4; .o .[i .0 ,0 .0 ,U

PARABOLIC ANTENNA
DESIGN
Guidelines for designing and constructing parabolic antennas are presented here.
Theoretical background, applications and how the prime -feed configuration is affected by
reflector parameters are discussed and emphasis is given to problems that arise when
constructing such an antenna using a minimum of facilities.
shape, it is more convenient to use the

Within the past decade or two, de- by M. L. Christieson* focal -length -to-diameter ratio. This ratio is
velopments in technology caused by the
demand for more frequency allocations very important in dish specifications.
and the need to use frequencies where is very difficult to adjust a simple linear - Figure 1 shows two dishes with the same
background noose is less obtrusive have element Yagi to obtain useful gain, but diameter but with different f/d ratios. Note
allowed good use of the radio spectrum those with quad loops can provide excel- that because the diameter is the same, the
above 1GHz to be made. At these frequen- lent gain in the 1-to-3GHz region. Yagis maximum gain is the same. Dishes with a
cies reflector -type antennas come into their that have more than 30 elements become low f/d ratio, of about 0.25, are usually
own. The parabolic -dish antenna - inefficient and it is normal practice to stack designed to give a high degree of side -lobe
symbol of the modern communications several individual antennas. Each time the suppression while those with fid ratios of
world of satellites and microwave links - number of antennas is doubled a further about 0.5 are designed for optimum for-
is just one variety of reflector antenna, but 3dB is possible, but never realized, pri- ward gain. The main use of the former
one with which high gains can be realized marily because of additional loss intro- type is in terrestrial microwave links where
in a modest physical space, provided that it duced by the combiner. There is an upper signal levels are quite high. For amateur
is correctly made and fed. This article limit when additional gain from further work, good forward gain is usually more
discusses the theoretical background to the antennas is nullified by the ever more com- 'important and methods of optimizing this
design and application of parabolic anten- plex combiner. Parabolic dishes do not are now to be examined more fully.
nas, and how a prime -feed configuration is suffer from this drawback as they use a For a given size of dish, it is efficiency
affected by reflector parameters. single antenna, making them the simplest that determines the system gain. Main fac-
The gain of a parabolic dish over an type to design and adjust. tors which reduce total efficiency are
isotropic antenna is given by Highly directional arrays are generally - spill -over
used for two reasons and the type of 1- aperture efficiency
G=47tArl paraboloid depends on which is more im-
x2
portant in the particular application. The
- phase errors
reasons are to
- blocking loss.
where G is the gain in real numbers (i.e.
The first three are interdependent because
not decibels), A is the area of the aperture,
X is the wavelength and ti is the overall
- reduce unwanted signals from other spill -over, the amount of energy lost when
directions the prime feed illuminates more than the
efficiency of the system. q is always frac-
tional and an efficiency of greater than 0.5
- improve the signal from a very weak dish area, is reduced by tapering the radia-
source. tion pattern towards the edge of the dish.
is difficult to obtain.
Much information about theoretical per- The two effects are inseparable but any This however reduces the aperture effi-
formance can be gleaned from this equa- antenna may be optimized for one, usually ciency which is greatest when the dish is
tion. Gain is directly proportional to area, at the expense of the other. uniformly illuminated. Phase errors,
and therefore to the reflector -diameter's A parabolic dish may be either deep or which may be caused either by a poor feed
square, and is a.'so inversely proportional shallow depending on the equation parame- or by errors in the shape of the dish, are
to the wavelength squared, so each time ters. A deep dish obviously has its focus worse if no edge taper is used.
the diameter is doubled, or the wavelength close to the surface while a shallow one has The first consideration of the dish
halved, there is a possible increase of 6dB its focus at some distance. Rather than builder is accuracy of the paraboloid.
in forward gain. A difficult figure to esti- using the parabola equation to define Clearly the nearer to the ideal shape the
mate is efficiency. Apart from a reduction
in gain predicted by the equation, effi-
ciency is reduced as the wavelength be-
comes a significant fraction of the dish
diameter. Further reduction in efficiency
is caused by the presence of the prime
feed, which also obscures part of the dish
aperture.
For a given frequency there is a
minimum dish size below which it may FOCUS g1 \FOCUS
well be better to examine other forms of f
antenna. This occurs at around 10k al-

though that is by no means a sharp cut off.
It may be of interest to compare the dish
with another type of antenna which is
more common at lower frequencies. The
obvious alternative to a dish is a multi - d=03 á =0 6
element Yagi. These are much used at

u.h.f. and there is no reason why they
cannot be used in the microwave bands. It Fig.1. Two dishes with the same diameter but with different focus -to-diameter ratios.
Dishes with a low f/d ratio usually give a high degree of side -lobe suppression while those
*Feedback Instruments Ltd with higher f/d ratios of around 0.5 are designed for optimum forward pain.

better, but this is very difficult to obtain,
FRONT FEED CASSEGRAIN FEED
particularly for the amateur constructor. It OFFSET
FEED
is generally accepted that little benefit is
realized by reducing peak errors to less
than ±1/8 wavelength. Sometimes this is
quoted in terms of r.m.s. errors which
results in a much smaller figure and may Subreflector
be off-putting. Peak error means that no
part of the structure should be more than
A/8 in either direction away from the ideal . 1
shape, so the most serious type of error is

when the dish smoothly departs from the -
true parabolic shape. Antennal/
At 2GHz, for example, XJ8 is nearly 2cm
so at the low end of the microwave spec- Fig. 3. Basic front -feed parabolic antenna and two variations. Cassegrain feed is used for
trum there is considerable latitude for the antennas with unfavourable f/d ratios, but sobreflector obscures part of the dish, causing
problems with small antennas. The offset feed gives no blocking problems but is difficult to
constructor. At higher frequencies, such as construct as the dish is neither symmetrical nor parabolic.
those proposed for direct satellite broad-
casting at 12GHz, surface errors are more
of a problem.
Another factor concerning the surface is the radiation pattern of the prime feed equipment, but it is surprising how effi-
the material from which it is made. Most should all be within a solid angle of 20°. It cient a system designed using these rules of
commercial dishes are made from spun is easier to visualize this in terms of a thumb can be. Figure 2 shows the approxi-
aluminium, and clearly a solid conducting transmitting antenna but the same applies mate relationships between these parame-
surface is ideal. For amateur purposes it is to a receiver. Ideally the radiation should ters. There have been several good designs
permissible to make a dish from wire be uniform over that area and then cut off for high -efficiency feeds developed by
mesh, providing that the holes are not too sharply at the edge. This is impossible in amateur radio operators, some of which
large. A good approximation is that the practice and the compromise often used in are referred to at the end of this article.
mesh size should not exceed ÄJ10. This amateur projects is a 10dB-beam width of Problems of feeding a dish with an unfa-
means that various sizes of chicken wire 20°. vourable f/d ratio can be reduced by using
are satisfactory at low frequencies and This is difficult to achieve for 20 angle a hyperboloid sub -reflector and feeding
many good systems have been built for the greater than about 150° because at that the dish from behind. This is called a Cas-
2-3GHz region using aluminium screening point the horn aperture required becomes segrain feed and is shown in Fig. 3. The
material. Dishes designed for operation smaller than the waveguide capable of disadvantage of this is that the diameter of
above 10GHz should have a solid construc- supporting wave transmission. A simple the sub -reflector needs to be several wave-
tion. The thickness need not be great; dipole and splash plate (reflector disc) lengths, depending on its position, and so
aluminium foil on a fibre -glass backing could be used but it is difficult to adjust it obscures part of the dish area. This
could be used. On large dishes a mesh and its performance never equals that of a blocking loss also occurs with front fed
surface reduces the wind loading and horn. It is convenient to arrange the 2f) systems and is a factor worth considering
weight, although a build-up of snow or ice angle to correspond with the pattern from when dealing with a small dish. Larger
can demolish an installation designed on the open end of a square or circular wave - dishes have much greater surface areas
that assumption. guide: this simplifies construction consid- compared with their associated sub-reflec-
erably. There is a direct relationship be- tors, and Cassegrain feeds are common on
Feeds tween f/d ratio and 20 angle so that the f/d communication -satellite earth stations.
Once the reflecting surface has been con- ratio can be chosen to ease the construction One method of preventing blocking loss
structed the feed must be optimized. Re- of an efficient feed. This type of work is to use an offset feed, also shown in Fig.
ferring to Fig. 1, to avoid wasting energy, cannot be exact without specialized test 3. Although an improvement in efficiency
would be obtained using this method, it is
not easy to construct as the dish is no
1 longer symmetrical or paraboloid, which
This curve approximates to both a square horn makes it particularly unsuitable for ama-
of side L end a circular horn of diameter L
teur construction.
Average for both
Another loss which may occur is polari-
E plane
B=tar ) and H plane zation loss, where the polarization of the
16aa-1
incoming signal is not matched to that of
the prime feed. High loss can occur when
HRH
0 9 two linear polarizations are crossed. A
linear to circular mismatch will usually
Permissible waveguide size (W)
result in a 3dB loss, but between left- and
07 right-hand circular polarization a high de-
gree of isolation is possible. This effect
may be exploited to re-use frequencies on
05 the same satellite. It is worth remembering
w
-f- [DISHi
that, when reflected from the dish surface,
the sense of a circularly -polarized wave is
03
reversed.
The method by which the dish is
01
mounted depends on its use. In some ap-
20 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
plications it is not necessary to move it, as
2 B (DEGREES)
in a ground microwave link for example.
Many dishes are used with geostationary
Fig. 2. Once the required f/d ratio has been judged, the dish's 20 angle and the horn's L7. satellites which only move a small amount
ratio (a) can be found from this graph. There is a direct relationship between f/d ratio and 20 each day. This small movement, which is
angle so the f/d ratio can be chosen to ease construction of the feed. The feed is easiest to non -cumulative, is often within the beam -
make when the 20 angle chosen corresponds with the waveguide opening. Approximate width of the dish so a simple fixed mount-
relationships between these parameters are shown here. ing will suffice. Where very -high gains are
68 WIRFLESS WORLD OCTOBER 1982
required it may be necessary to use some snow and ice, but excessive heat can be many more articles will appear describing
form of automatic -tracking system. These equally damaging. At high frequencies, individual practical designs; they will
can be simple or complex and a decision dimensional changes due to temperature however all be based on the basic design
between performance and cost is not easy can be a considerable problem as can parameters outlined here. U229
to make. distortion caused by a gust of wind, but
Many methods have been used to con- these effects are not often noticeable on
struct paraboloidal dishes and the exact small dishes. Front -fed systems can also
.method depends on the facilities available. focus the sun's heat on the prime feed. It
Most traditional methods rely on the ref- would be slightly annoying to see an ex- Further reading
lecting surface being supported by struts pensive amplifier burst into flames on the
or pulled into shape by nylon cord. These first sunny day. If the amplifier is located - The ARRL Antenna Book, American Radio
struts can be made from metal or wood Relay League (latest edition)
at the feed the rain must be kept out of it
providing that it is well protected. A by using a sealed container, preferably
- Performances of Fixed -Mount Earth -Station
Antennas, S. E. Dinwiddy, ESA journal 8113
method that is beginning to fmd favour, with a dessicator. My view is that if rain - Gain-Beamwidth Product and other Reflec-
particularly for higher frequencies, is a cannot be kept out it is far better to have a tor -Antenna Relationships, A Saitto, ESA Jour-
glass -fibre shell with a thin conductive sur- semi -open cover to make sure it runs out nal 8113
face which is sometimes sprayed on. Once again. Precautions such as mounting the - Tubular Radiator for Parabolic Antennas,
a former has been made several dishes can amplifier upside down so that water cannot VHF Communications 4/1976, Verlag UKW-
be cast, so it might be worth several indi- collect in it, and a supply of plastic dustbin Berichte
viduals combining their skills. A fibre dish liners have kept several amplifiers opera- - A Dish Anyone Can Build, Michael Brown,
73 Magazine, February 1982
has the overwhelming advantage of being tional for a number of years.
very light but it may need to be made with It is hoped that these ideas have
- VHF -UHF Handbook, RSGB
a turn -over at the rim to prevent it distort- equipped readers with the knowledge to
- Pyramidal Horn Feeds for Parabolic Dishes,
D. Evans, Radio Communications March 1975
ing when mounted. start designing and building dish antennas - Dish Antenna, D. Wardley, Break-in, May
Any system designed for outside use with a reasonable trade-off between per- 1982
must be protected against weather. Refer- formance and economics. It is likely that - Reference Data for Radio Engineers, Sec-
ence has already been made to the effect of with the interest in satellite television tions 25 and 27, Sams
PROGRAMMABLE GPIB-TO-
SERIAL INTERFACE
Development of an earlier interface with talker/listener capability to remotely program
functions within the instrument interface.
The original interface design (see panel) by Chris Jay ment will be conditioned to receive a one-
was extended to accommodate a secondary of -four secondary address. For example,
addressing feature to allow remote initali- my listen address followed by my
zation of the uart control register, the in- secondary address 1 (MSA 1) selects the
strument data speed generator, load an The GPIB-to-serial interface featured instruments control register, MSA 2
end-of-message byte into a latched com- in the July 82 issue of WW was con-
selects the instrument data rate register,
ceived as a low-cost interface solution
parator, and address the instrument as a for instruments with a serial data link and MSA 3 selects an octal latched com-
GPIB/RS232C interface. These remote such as an RS232C port. When config- parator so a unique end -of -text code may
programmable facilities permit the de- ured to a keyboard and addressed as a by programmed C. MSA 0 is the secondary
signer to dispense with some of the switch talker, characters typed on the keys listen address that selects the uart transmit
packs used in the first design, adding a are converted by the interface from buffer register. When addressed into the
degree of programmable flexibility. serial to parallel data and transmitted listener active state, data bytes sent to the
On any one contiguous bus up to 15 over the bus data lines. A printer in- uart are serially encoded and transmitted
terfaced to the bus is addressed as a to the RS232C interface at a programmed
devices are permitted, but the primary listener; data bytes received are se-
address range is 31 talk and 31 listen rially encoded and fed to the serial speed and in the character format specified
addresses using single byte addressing. A input port of the printer. The interface by the uart control register.
controller may issue a primary address to used 13 i.cs including a 96LS488 to The %LS488 may be configured for
identify an instrument then issue a perform interface functions and mes- extended addressing by wire -linking the
secondary address to indentify a function sage decoding, an IM6402 uart for the mode inputs MO -3 to the appropriate bi-
within that instrument. For example, be- serial/parallel encoding of data, and pary code as shown in Table 2 on page 72
fore an instrument can be operated effecti- an MC14411 as a frequency reference of the July article. There are five choices of
vely it may require initialization and range for serial transmission and reception extended addressing but for a talker/lis-
at four link -selectable rates. During the tener there are two choices of TE/LE low
information, which could be programmed talker -active state the interface could
into latches selected by unique secondary automatically recognize an end -of-text
addresses (Table 3 shows the range of character, and assert the ED' line
addresses). When the controller issues the concurrent with the transmission of 1. The end -of -message latched comparator is
primary address over the bus the instru- the final data byte in the character used when the interface is an active talker. A
string. A 74F521 octal comparator string of data bytes may be sent over the bus,
achieved this by comparing the binary
terminºted by the unique end -of-text character.
When this character is transmitted the compara-
*Chris Jay was formerly with the Fairchild data waiting for transmission with an tor automatically recognizes the bit pattern and
European Design Centre, Bristol and is now 8-bit data pattern set with switches. asserts the bus end -or -identify (EOI) line to indi-
working at Marron Electronics, in Stroud. cate end -of-message.
speed, or TE/LE high speed. The choice Table 1. Talk and listen address assignment
of high speed is selected for instruments
using three -state driver devices; in this
design the mode inputs M0-3 are all con- DI08 DIO7 D106 D105 D104 DI003 DI02 DIO1
figured to V.
Table 4 illustrates a typical initalization XHLX H L
A5
LX
A4 A3
A2 A1 Primary listen address
Unlisten
procedure that should be completed by the
controller -in-charge (c.i.c.) prior to the
X
X
LH
L
L
H
L
AL
S5
A4L
S4
A3
S3
A2
S2
A1
S1
Primary talk address
Untalk
Secondary address
interface becoming an active talker. It does
this by asserting the ATN management
line; any current active talker relinquishes Table 2. Status codes
control of the bus lines. The first message gives a wide range of frequencies for rate
TAD LAD D/S/E State
issued is the unlisten command to ensure generation3. Other logic circuits used are
that unscheduled listeners do not receive 74LS t.t.l. devices and two 74F i.cs, one of H H L Off line
data bytes intended for the interface cir- which is an inverting bus driver to buffer H L L Addressed to listen
cuit. To address the interface the c.i.c. the cmos outputs from the uart onto the (LADS)
issues the primary listen address (MLA); bus data lines because it satisfies the 48mA L H L Addressed to talk
(TADS)
after receipt the interface expects to see sinking requirement by the IEEE 488A L H H Serial poll mode (SPM)
one of its four secondary addresses. As- specification. The µA 1488 and µA1489 H L H Receiving end -message
suming that the uart control register is to provide signal conditioning for RS232C (LACS)
be initialised first, the controller sends line driving and reception.
MSA 1. When selected, the register is cap- DRB goes low when the interface is in
talker active or serial-poll active state.
able of receiving a data byte (DAB 1) over
Addressing
the bus lines. The control register is a five -
bit latch in the 6402 uart; format of the
Secondary addressing is acheived by the Status decoding
quad two -to-one multiplexers of IC11, To perform the necessary interface status
control -bit pattern is shown in Table 6a. If 74LS157, which select the primary and decoding the 96LS488 LAD, TAD and
the c.i.c. addresses itself as talker it can secondary addresses. The 96LS488 ASEL DRB outputs drive the A2, Al, AO inputs
release the assertion on ATN and send the output is low when the primary address is of a 74LS 138, one -of-eight decoder, IC9.
initalizing data byte to the instrument. being received, and high for secondary Output 02 of IC9 will be active low when
After sending DAB 1 it regains control of address selection. Address inputs A1-4 of the interface is 'either in the talker active
the bus by asserting ATN. the 96LS488 are driven by the 74LS157 state, or the serial poll active state, see
It is necessary to un -address the control multiplexer outputs which select a one-of- Table 2 for status codes. Gate 2 is enabled
register by sending the unlisten message four binary code set by switches 2-5. Note by the D/S/E signal to provide a low output
before sending the primary listen address that AS is configured directly to switch 1; when the instrument is talker -active. The
of the interface, followed by the secondary this effectively reduces the secondary D/S/E signal when inverted by I3, provides
address MSA 2 to select the data -rate gen- address range to 4% but saves on an enabling low for the input of gate 3.
erator latch. The controller releases the the multiplexing hardware. The primary The gate 3 output goes low when the in-
true assertion of ATN and as an active address range of the interface is therefore terface enters the serial poll active state.
talker issues DAB 2 to program the correct. configured on the switches 1-5. Secondary These or -gate outputs and the output 05
speed code - Table 6b gives the format. addressing is acheived when ASEL drives of IC9 are labelled TACSENBF,
When the data byte has been sent, it re- the select input of IC11 high. The bit pat- SPASENBF and LACSENBF and used
asserts the ATN line to regain control of tern on switches 6 & 7 routes through to as low enable inputs for the three -state
the bus and complete initialization. The the inputs A4 & 3. Address inputs Al & 2 buffer -drivers. When talker -active the
unlisten command is sent followed by are derived from the bus data lines 1 & 2 6402 receiver buffer register outputs, buf-
MLA and MSA 3 which selects the end -of- respectively. So a one -of-four secondary fer devices IC4 and I13 (the EOI driver
message latched comparator. When selec- address will select the interface, putting it circuit) are enabled. During the serial poll,
ted the controller releases the true asser- into the talker or listener -addressed state. one half of IC10 is enabled to drive data
tion of ATN to send the end -of-message On receipt of the secondary listen or talk lines 1 to 3 with status bits and a second
byte DAB 3. When latched it re -asserts the address the 96LS488 outputs LAD or TAD EOI buffer driver is enabled. During the
ATN line, sends the unlisten command to go low producing a rising edge at the out- listener active state the 74LS240, IC3 (in-
unaddress the latched comparator and put of gate 1, connected to the clock input put buffer) is enabled. Appendix 2 gives a
then sends the talk address of the interface of ICS, a dual D -type latch. brief description of serial and parallel poll.
(MTA), followed by the secondary address So the logic state on inverted data lines 1
MSA 0 of the receiver register. The & 2 is strobed into the 74LS74 latch when Buffering
controller addresses the listeners by se- the instrument is addressed. A one -of-four Although the 96LS488 data lines are con-
quentially transmitting each listen address. logic condition is stored, enabling the in- nected to the bus, it is necessary to use
On completion of addressing_the controller strument to receive a data byte which can buffer circuits (with hysteresis inputs
releases the assertion in ATN, enabling the be sent to either the uart transmitter, uart essential for the listener function) to pro-
interface to enter the talker active state control register, bit rate generator latch, or vide a data path to or from the instru-
for transmission of data bytes. the EOI end -message comparator latch. ment's internal logic circuitry. An internal
In the circuit configuration of the When statisized the information remains instrument bus, eight bits wide, is isolated
programmable interface, the 96LS488 programmed until the instrument is un- from the bus data lines by inverting LS240
handles the interface functions and mes- addressed then re -addressed. The Q out- and F240, IC 3 & 4 respectively. It is also
sage decoding. An Intersil IM4602 uart, puts of the 74LS74 latches are wired to the necessary to use hysteresis buffering and
converts parallel data to serial and serial to address inputs of IC8, a dual one-of-four inversion to the address multiplexer IC11,
parallel and an MC14411 bit rate generator' demultiplexer 74LS139. Outputs of ICs, acheived by the two inverters I1 and I2, of a
route the RXST signal to the selected latch 74LS14. The 74LS240 will be enabled by
or register; ICsb outputs 00 and 03 are LACSENBF, going low when the instru-
2. Data is transmitted in ASCII, a seven-bit used as enable signals ENBLO and ENBL3 ment is listener active. In this state, the
code representation, with the eighth bit for par- Signal ENBLO drives the S octal inverter drives the internal instru-
ity checking. input of IC12i a quarter of 74LS157, which ment bus with valid data. The IM6402
3. Both the MC14411 and IM6402 devices are selects the correct handshake for the one - receive buffer register is disabled so no
cmos requiring a VIH of V-2 volts. The of-four instrument functions. The ENBL3 data conflict occurs on the internal bus.
74LS outputs have a guaranteed VOH of 2.7V
for a Va of 5 volts. To ensure good noise immu- ICsb output, selects the load function at During the talker -active state, the IM6402
nity provide passive pull-up resistors of 2.2kí1 theSO and Si inputs of the 74F524 latched r.r.d. input is driven low by TACSENBF,
on each LS output that drives a cmos input. comparator. which also enables 74F240 buffer circuit.
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Mini -computer
000000000 000
LTiTITITIT iil Controller
in charge
Interface
GPIB
GPIB/ RS232C Interface Interface Interface

interface
Other instruments
Keyboard Video terminal Printer Punch
Table 3. Primary and secondary address of the interface. register, data bits one to five, as RXST
drives the control register load input high
MLA My listen address, primary listen address of the instrument via the path through I5, output 01 of ICsa
MSA O My secondary address for g.p.i.b. uart, to provide serial/parallel conver- and inverter I12. The bit rate generator
sion of data latch is loaded in a similar manner. When
MSA 1 My secondary address for uart control register the interface receives UNL, MLA fol-
MSA2 My secondary add. ess for bit rate generator latch
MSA 3 My secondary adc'ress for end -of -message latched comparator lowed by MSA 2, the binary code 10 is
MTA My talk address, primary talk address for the g.p.i.b./RS232C instrument latched into IC7. The Al and AO address
MSA0 My secondary address fcr g.p.i.b./uart, to privide parallel/serial conver- inputs of ICs select output 02 of the de-
sion of data coders. In the acceptor -data state the rising
MSA 1
MSA2 Not used edge of the RXST output clocks the CP

MSA 3 input of IC13i 74LS374 through the path
I5, 02 of ICsa and I4. The RXST/RXRDY
handshake is acheived automatically, as
Table 4. Interface initalization procedure and talker addressing. described for the loading of the u.a.r.t.
control register. Data present on the in-
ternal instrument bus, bits one to three of
ATN MSG FUNCTION
IC13 are clocked through to the Q outputs
1 UNL Unlisten to clear the bus of listeners
1 MLA Listen address of the instrument on the rising edge at the CP input. The bit
1 MSA 1 Address of uart, control register rate generator latch, IC13, uses three of the
0 DAB 1 Issue the uart control register byte eight internal D -type flip-flops, the other
1 UNL Unlisten the control register five latches are available for functional ex-
1 MLA Listen address of the instrument
1 MSA 2 Address of data Speed control latch pansion. The latched code on Q0-2 out-
0 DAB 2 Issue the data speed control byte puts are used to select clock frequencies
1 UNL Unlisten the speed control latch for the u.a.r.t. and inputs. See Table 5b
1 MLA Send listen address of the instrument for code input versus bit rate selection; the
1 MSA 3 Send address of the end -message latched comparator
0 DAB 3 Send end -of -message byte to the latched comparator frequency input is 16 times the data rate.
1 UNL Unlisten the 'end -of -message' comparator The QO output of IC13 selects either the F3
1 MTA Send talk address of instrument or F7 outputs from the clock generator
1 MSA 0 Send secondary address of uart chip IC6. When high, the clock output F3
1 MLA 1
1 MLA 1
is selected through the multiplexer circuit
1 MLA 1 Address listeners on to the bus. comprising 0G3, 0G4 and AG2. When
1 MLA 1
low the F7 clock output is selected. The
1 MLA n
Ql and Q2 74LS374 outputs select an in-
0 DAB Instrument addressed as a talker, sends first data byte
0 DAB ternal divider in IC6, which provide the
0 DAB clock outputs in Table 5 (part 2). To pro-
vide a good stable frequency source for the
MC14411 it is necessary to connect a
1.8432 MHz crystal to the crystal inputs.
This establishes the data path from the handshake through inverter I5, If the instrument is to be used as a talker
RB1-8 outputs to the data bus. multiplexer ICsa onto the STB 1 input of it will be necessary to load the EOI latched
AG3. The output of AG3 drives the selec- comparator. The select inputs of IC5 are
Loading registers from ted input Ila of IC12i and the output Za enabled high by the inversion of ENBL3,
internal bus drives the RXRDY 96LS488 input. This the 03 output of 74LS139 ICsb. This out-
On receipt of MLA followed by MSA 1 the local automatic handshake path is identical put goes low when MSA 3 is received.
Instrument latches the binary code of 01 for STB2 and STB3. In the acceptor data Inverted by III, it drives the select inputs
into IC2 which drives the Al, AO inputs of state a data byte present on the data lines, SO and SI of the 74F524 latched compara-
ICs. Signal ENBLO drives the S input of inverted by IC3 onto the internal instru- tor high.
IC12 high, selecting the RXST to RXRDY ment bus, is clocked into the uart control
To be continued
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73
WIRELESS WORD OCTOBER 1982
U K nearer to US tv encryption world first in being the first national
11GHz high -capacity digital link and yet it
was largely ignored in the press. The net-
Racal Electronics plc and Oak Industries Founded in 1932, Oak Industries work will cover routes from London to
Inc. of California are to form a joint com- evolved from a manufacturer of radio various points in the UK including earth
pany "to exploit the anticipated explosive switches and television tuners into a diver- stations at Goonhilly and Madley and
growth of pay television services following sified supplier of products and services in forms part of BTs plan to convert the en-
the expansion of cable and satellite service electronics. In 1977, Oak's first year in the tire UK telecommunications to digital
in the UK and Europe". The new 50:50 entertainment business, it started over - operation by the early 1990s. Ironically, at
company is formed in anticipation of Gov- the -air subscription television in Los An- 140M bit/s the capacity is far greater than
ernment support for the operation of cable geles and now owns five systems in the US the new fuss -making light -fibre link of
systems for television programme distribu- with around 600,000 subscribers and a 34Mbit/s.
tion before the end of the year. turnover of $500 million. Oak developed
Although based on the UK the new both the hardware and computer software
company, Racal -Oak Communications, to manage the systems and later adapted its
will have a mandate covering the whole of software for pay cable television. It claims Electronics for
Europe, nd in addition to producing to be the only cable tv manufacturer which
equipment the joing benture will also seek supplies all the software necessary for a peace
to operate, license and supply pay televi- pay television operation, and produces
sion systems. converters for American cable television, Two electronics engineers who are con-
Commenting on the announcement, Sir computer -addressable converter and de- cerned at the involvement of the electron-
ics industry in the arms trade and the
Ernest Harrison, chairman and chief coders and decoders for pay cable and sub-
executive of Racal Electronics, said: "The nuclear arms race are intending to do
scription tv.
potential in the UK alone is exciting, but It developed an encoding and decoding
something about it. They plan to set up a
total European demand is huge. Oak's im- network to link those in the industry who
technique for satellite television signals
feel that their skills should not be used in
ported technology will provide an opportu- called Orion, a more sophisticated version
nity to build a new and important export of the encryption technology for sub-
the cause of war, nuclear or conventional.
business. The pay television business can scription tv. Over 8,000 Orion decoders Possible functions of this network would
be measured in billions of pounds over the are already in use or on order in Canada be to encourage conversion of military
next 20 years and the UK must win its and deliveries have recently begun to Sa-
electronics research, development and pro-
share". Kenneth Baker MP, Minister for tellite TV pic (see "Cryptic satellite tv"). duction to creative and socially useful pur-
poses; to stimulate discussion and where
information technology, said of the deal: Through a subsidiary it is also a major
"There have been several contacts over the possible disseminate information on mili-
supplier of programming for both pay
years between Oak and the Government. tary electronics and constructive alterna-
cable and subscription television, compris-
tives, both within the industry and among
Most recently I met Mr Carter, Oak's ing recently -released movies, sports,
Chairman and Chief executive, in June concerts, comedy, dramatic productions the general public; and to provide techni-
cal advice and information where appro-
when he told me of his interest expanding and other entertainment special events.
Oak's European interests. I am delighted Last July, Oak filed an application with priate to the peace movement.
that he has decided to bring Oak's techno- the FCC to construct, launch and operate They propose a preliminary meeting in
logical expertise in encryption technology communications satellites to eventually November, in or near London, to discuss
to the UK." serve all four US time zones. the aims and structure of the network.
Interested engineers should contact either
Tim Williams, Weir Cottage, The Dens,
Digital radio United Kingdom 11GHz 14OMbit/a
Wadhurst, East Sussex or Steve Holmes,
151 Courthouse Road, Maidenhead, Berks
outshines lightline Digital Radio Network
for further details of the meeting.
The fanfare surrounding BTs ceremonial
opening of its longest fibre route last July
was well justified. The BICC 8 -fibre line
between London and Birmingham took Forth they went,
only nine months to install and is the long-
est BT fibre route at 204km. Though only together
two fibre pairs are currently operating, at, The designers of Britain's latest microcom-
34Mbit/s, the other two pairs will be puter have chosen the Forth programming
brought into use next year at 140Mbit/s. language in a bid to gain advantage in the
More significant perhaps is that it is the crowding micro market. They claim its
first to operate at the long wavelength of principles are so simple that newcomers to
1300nm, using high radiance l.e.ds instead computing need only a few minutes to
of the more expensive lasers. At 1.5dB/km learn how to calculate, and at the same
loss they have lower attenuation than the time, it is easy to invent extensions to the
earlier 850nm systems and allow repeaters language. The two originators of the Ju-
at 10km intervals instead of 8km. piter Ace computer, Steven Vickers and
It's interesting timing in view of the Richard Altwasser (see caption), both
Project Mercury London to Birmingham discovered Forth at the same time (they
announcement. But what BT didn't sing read the same issue of Byte) and immedi-
about was the fact that only the day before ately recognised it, they say, as the ideal
GEC had announced the start of a multi- Coinciding with the London to
Birmingham Mercury project, BT open language for microcomputers.
million pound digital network with steam 34Mbit/s optical fibre and 140Mbit/s digital Forth is fast and easier to write in as well
radio, albeit using q.p.s.k. This was a microwave links. as more compact in memory because it is
74
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First shown at last month's Personal
Computer Show at London's Barbican
Centre, this £90 mail-order computer
features full-size keyboard, user-defined
high resolution graphics, programmable
sound generator, upper and lower-case
ascii characters, 24x32 flicker -free display,
1500baud cassette interface, and the Forth
language. Jupiter Cantab are at 22
Foxhollow, Bar Hill, Cambridge, t
80437.
memory for editing the source program

but the designers say unique editing facili-
"Leading computer designers with a reputation for pushing technology forwards" is how ties operating on the compiled word defini-
Altwasser and Vickers describe themselves in their promotional copy for their new tions mean that words can be defined,
computer. Vickers, left, who previously had joined a software consultancy near Cambridge listed, debugged, edited and redefined
with a doctorate in algebra, adaptated the 4K ZX80 rom into an 8K for the ZX81. He wrote without using any external storage. This
the manual for the ZX81 as well as most of the Spectrum rom. Altwasser, an engineering they say makes Forth even easier to use on
graduate, worked on the application of microprocessors in automation before joining the Ace than on other implementations.
Sinclair. He was soon made responsible for computer research which included the
hardware development of the Spectrum. "It's about time someone got away from Basic"
The memory saving coded form used to
says Vickers. Developed in 1965, it was then a lot easier to use than Fortran. "But it is hardly store programs allows it to work much
the language of the future; our money is on Forth". faster than it would do in another language
the company say -
typically in less than a
complied, yet its compiled code is accessi- firmware. Older languages make assump- tenth of the time, which makes it ideal for
ble to the user in the simplest way pos- tions about how they will be used that games. Capacity is 8Kbytes of rom and 3K
sible, say Jupiter. One gives each compiled inevitably lead to a straight -jacket for the of ram but because of the language it is
routine a name, a Forth word, and to run it programmer; Forth is not based on any more effective than, say, the 1%. memory
just type in the word. such assumptions they argue and allows of the ZX81. Expansion to 16} (costing
Stringing old words together can define the programmer "to do absolutely any- £35) should be available by the y( it end, as
new words, which process lies at the root thing". If one doesn't have exactly the well as a printer interface boar, (cos' ing
of Forth's power and enables one to define instruction needed in Forth, it is simply £25), and later next year c.)h. board.
an infinite variety of one's own words from invented. By then, the company hop, ng ` !
the standard words provided in the Forth usually relies on disc -based virtual 3000 units a month.
to provide a laser -based

Cost effective satellites distance synchronization
with sub -nanosecond accur.,
.s
.
as
'
The postponed launch of the second discharge in the Atlantic satellite (see giving an opportunity of cow; r,,,: both
European maritime communications satel- News, May issue). laser and microwave time synchronization
lite should take place while this issue is in (Vienna. - According to Olof Lund- methods, using information gained from
the press. Though European in origin, this berg, the director general of Inmarsat, Sirio 1.
satellite's station is over the Pacific ocean speaking at the Unispace '82 conference, After the first six operational satellite
and like its Atlantic partner will be leased the number of ships and oil rigs fitting launchers -
ordered back in 1978 are -
to Inrnarsat for international telecommuni- earth stations for Marecs increased by 30% spent next year, the responsibility for
cation at sea. in the first half of this year, to 1,350.) Ariane launches transfers from ESA to
The two Marecs satellites grew out of Simultaneously with Marecs B, a second Arianespace, a private company formed to
the earlier, lower power Marots proposal Sirio satellite is launched, using Italy's exploit Ariane in 1980 and ratified by ESA
and had their frequencies reduced down to spare model built as a back-up for a 1977 last year. With a capital of 120 million
4/6GHz for compatibility with installations communication satellite. In addition to francs its shareholders are the 36 principal
for Marisat, which they replace. The de- providing meteorological data for the European aerospace firms, 11 banks and
lay, from April last, has given time for African continent, the satellite carries re- CNES, in 11 countries, with France hav-
modifications in the light of experience troreflectors and time markers for laser ing the lion's share of 60%, Germany next
with the interference from electrostatic pulses sent from ground stations. Object is with about 20% and the remainder having
DATE NAME AUTHORITY With competition in satellite launch wide variety of programmes from many
1982 Sept Marecs B + ESA
facilities on the increase cost per kilogram
Sirio 2 ESA
countries including Britain, USA and Aus-
Nov Exosat ESA in orbit has become a significant selling tralia, is described as an "entertainment
1983 Jan ECS 1 + ESA point. Together with increasing mass of channel". It is received by licensed cable
Oscar 9B Amsat satellites, this led to the dual launch expe- companies in European countries, among
Mar IntelsatV F7 Intelsat
May IntelsatV F8 Intelsat
riment of September 10 with Marecs B and them Finland, Malta, Netherlands, Nor-
Jul/ ECS 2 or ESA Sirio 2. To increase cost-effectiveness way and Switzerland, although reception is
Aug Telecom 1A or France further it's planned to recover the first hot permitted by UK Home Office .
IntelsatV F9 Intelsat stage rocket by parachute. And if that's The transmissions are unfortunately en-
Oct IntelsatV F9 or Intelsat
ECS 2 and/or SEA
not enough, the thrust of the first two crypted at the insistance of Eutelsat, the
Telecom 1A or B France stages is set for a 10% increase, together European organisation of telecommuni-
or ECS 2 ESA with 25% for the mass of third -stage fuel. cation authorities, to prevent "unautho-
1984 Feb Spacenet 1 + Southern Pacific That will put a payload of 2000kg into rized use". There seems no prospect of an
Arabsat or Arabsat
Telecom 1B France
orbit. And that's not all; this up -rated early liberalization of this rule which
May GStar1 + GTE Ariane 2 launcher will be ripe for augmen- would make it possible for individuals to
Telecom 1B or France tation by adding two first -stage boosters so receive the programmes without having to
Arabsat 1 Arabsat that 2580kg can be orbited (or two lots of hire or buy expensive decoders. The en-
Aug GStr 2 + GTE
cryption method is the Oak Orion system
Spacenet 2 Southern Pacific 1195kg).
Oct Spot 1 + CNES For satellite launches from 1985 on- developed for US cable tv (see "UK nearer
Viking Swedish Space wards, the ESA earlier this year approved to US tv encryption") and is generally
Corp accepted to be fairly difficult to break,
Dec Slot available development of Ariane 4, with 50% more
1985 Frb SBTS 1 + Brazil stage -one fuel with either two or four particularly as the sound is carried on the
Spacenet 3 or Southern Pacific sync pulses.
boosters with solid or liquid propellants
ECS 3 ESA
and a flexibility to match a range of The level of power from the spotbeam
Mai Intelsat VA F14 Intelsat transponder means that for reception with
May TV-Sat 1 Germany payloads between 2000 and 4300kg. Such a
a good signal-to-noise radio a dish of
Jun Intelsat VA F15 Intelsat rocket would reduce mean cost per kilo-
or TDF-1 France gram to 60% of that for Ariane 1, and have around two metres diameter is needed.
Jul Giotto + ESA
the capability to launch the Intelsat VI Although the transponder channel is
STC-1 Satellite TV Corp 120MHz wide only a single 18MHz chan-
Aug Aussat 1 + Australia series, scheduled for 1986 onwards.
SBTS 2 Brazil
nel is used, with two transponders on the
To accommodate the launch of this same frequency, one horizontally polarized
Sept TDF-1 or France
Intelsat VA F15 Intelsat vehicle a second site is being completed for and one vertical. On the present evening
Oct Ariane 4-01 1984, but equally important, this will schedule, one carries the programmes of
Dec Aussat 2 + Australia allow time between launches to be reduced STV, and the other a French programme
Anik D Canada to a month. ESA/CNES studies of require- TV Tunis for North Africa.
shares varying from 0.25 to 4.4% in similar ments beyond Ariane 4 suggest that
proportions to their ESA funding. Current Europe could one day be in a position not
orders with Arianespace see table are - - only to put 15 tonnes into low orbit in 1992
Smart card, smart
said to be worth 3,000 million francs at but also to recover launchers, returning
1980 prices. payloads, and perhaps humans too. price
Four today, how many tomorrow? Known variously as the electronic chip
card, debit card, payment card, pocket
data card, memory card and smart card,
Only 87% of the UK population will be services to everybody now receiving ITV, the electronic credit card has spawned its
able to receive Sianel 4 Cymru and Chan- BBC1 and BBC2 on u.h.f. They point to own (non -electronic) publication.
nel 4 television services when they start up the sheer size of the undertaking; the "Electronic chip card report" is a four part
on the first and second days of November. number of transmitters is far greater now work, with updates, issued in 50 page
Thi is ,"ecause only 31 of 51 major trans - than it used to be with the 405 -line v.h.f. instalments over a year for intending
m cters will come into operation by that broadcasts, necessitating a massive invest- makers and users of the cards, and con-
d .te, and about 100 of 600 low -power re- ment in new equipment amounting to taining market research reports of card
lays. Twelve main stations will need to be some £50 million. And, they emphasize, developments, especially in France, Ger-
equipped next year to bring coverage up to this will be the first time a television ser- many, Italy and the USA. The most
94%, the remaining eight waiting till 1984. vice will have been started in all 14 regions popular format for a card, consisting of
Bat it will take until the end of 1986 for the at the same time .. .
memory and microprocessor circuitry em-
relay stations to be completed. Coverage bedded inside a card that is physically in-
for Wales is higher at 90% with all six main
transmitters operational and at least 80
Cryptic satellite distinguishable from an ordinary plastics
local relays, with 13 more for 1983. If
Wales gets better than average cover, Scot-
tv for Europe credit card, is already in use for payment
applications in France, according to the
Satellite Television plc will be transferring Report's promotional blurb. It is pub-
land comes off worse with only three main its European subscription tv service lished by Steve Sziram of HTE at $2,500,
transmitters completed in time for the started earlier this year from OTS-2 to the and is available through Geoff Coole in the
launch. Three more come into use next ECS satellite next year, when OTS reaches UK at 26 Pamber Heath Road, Pamber
year but it's not until 1984 that it catches the end of its planned life. To clear a space Heath, Basingstoke, Hants (0734 700543)
up, with six of the eight main transmitters for ECS OTS has already been moved - but not by electronic credit card.
for installation being scheduled for Scot- from its old 10°E position, to a new loca- Coole Marketing Services otherwise
land. The IBA, who are responsible for all tion at 5°E. represents Micropower Systems Inc of Ca-
the UK transmitters (but not the Welsh Based in London, Satellite TV transmits lifornia, Catalyst Research Corp (maker of
programming, this belonging to the Welsh programmes between 18 and 20h u.t. lithium iodide cells for cmos ram), Inmos
Fourth Channel Authority), say the rest of every night via the OTS-2 spotbeam to specific UK customers, and SIBS Re-
the relays will be equipped as soon as pos- transponder on 11.64GHz. The service, port, a $400 p.a. semiconductor industry
sible from 1984 onward to bring the new financed by advertising and consisting of a newsletter from the same publisher.
1 Theories and Miracles
2 Electromagnetic Analogy
3 Impact of the Photon
4 A more realistic Duality?
5 Quantization and Quantization
6 Waves of Improbability
7 Limitation of Indeterminacy
8 Haziness and its applications
9 The State of Physics Today
IMPACT OF THE PHOTON

The experimental discovery of photons at the turn of the century showed finally that
electromagnetic theory had failed. Waves or particles, or both or neither? "Double -think"
became the order of the day, a required belief; but are we sure that the last word has been
said about this logical conflict?
The impression given by writers of scien- is that the physical medium in which they
BY W. A. SCOTT MURRAY travel must be dispersive - a technical
tific textbooks is that everything in classi- B.Sc, Ph.D.
cal physics was tidy, or about to become -
term a group of water waves will propa-
tidy, until 1899 when Max Planck came gate together across a pond and will remain
along and spoiled it with his quantum tion of this high -quality experimental evi- concentrated together in the form of a
hypothesis. We have seen that this popular dence is that the whole of an individual package. The energy represented by the
history misrepresents the truth. Electro- package of light energy or quantum must wave system travels at the speed of the
magnetic theory, which formed one of the always interact, at any rate in the first group, which is not the same as the speed
three structural pillars of classical physics, instance, with one individual microsystem of the individual waves. (The mathematics
had already been placed in extreme philo- in the photocell surface. The light energy of this situation is quite elegant). Hence it
sophical difficulty by the Michelson-Mor- seems to be localized in space. was suggested that the quantum, the parti-
ley result - no physical ether, therefore There was on the face of it, and in re- cle-like concentration of light energy
no electromagnetic waves. The whole of trospect, nothing very surprising about which was deduced from the experiments,
fundamental -hinking at this time was this deduction. The essential granularity of might be merely a wave -packet of disper-
based on electromagnetics; even the ordi- matter on the microphysical scale, atoms sive electromagnetic waves. That was the
nary mechanical mass of an ordinary phy- and molecules, had been recognized for a view which Planck himself took of the
sical particle, such as an electron, was con- hundred years. These newly discovered matter and maintained with some vehe-
sidered to be "electromagnetic mass', quantum interactions suggested that light mence.
attributable to the inertia of its electromag- energy also is packaged granularly into The trouble with this idea - it is
netic field, so that this field could be "photons" which behave as discrete cor- distressing but noteworthy how often one
thought of as replacing the electron's pusces or particles, as Newton believed. is forced to say "the trouble with this
material mass and even, by some physic-
ists, to be the electron itself. In these cir-
The reason for the fuss was that the
concept of a light beam as a shower of
idea ..." - the main trouble with thi,
idea is that although a suitable wave -
cumstances the suggestion that anything photons was in direct conflict with electro- packet could remain stable indefinitely in
could be seriously wrong with electromag- magnetic theory, because the latter, being the longitudinal direction, no configura-
netic theory just didn't bear thinking a theory of linear force fields, depended tion of linear (Maxwell) waves can be de-
about. One simply had to soldier on, hop- absolutely on the continuity and extension vised which would prevent a wave packet
ing that some solution would turn up to in space of the quantities it was dealing from dissipating across the direction of the
relieve the anxiety. with. By contrast, the concept of a particle propagation. Now a beam of light will
However, the inconvenient absence of a or photon epitomizes discontinuity. dissipate laterally, exactly like a wave
physical ether was not the only evidence of Electro-magnetic theory was bound to fail system, but the individual quanta of which
failure of the electromagnetic theory. when confronted with this discontinuity - it seems to be composed do not dissipate.
Serious difficulty was also encountered in and fail it did. The unimpeachable experimental evidence
describing the processes of radiation and To those physicists who had believed for this is that the intensity of light de-
absorption of light. The trouble in the the beautiful electromagnetic theory to be creases with distance from its source (the
radiation process was resolved by Planck universally true and who had accordingly beam becomes more widely spread out),
by means of the revolutionary hypothesis espoused it with a quasi -religious fervour, but the energy of its individual photoelec-
which finally shattered the complacency of and likewise to those who so revere it by tric impacts (its colour) does not change
his times: the radiation of energy in the form tradition today, its overthrow in the face of with distance. For this reason, Einstein,
of light by a material substance is not a con- the quantum evidence, undeniable though the radical, disagreed with Planck and
tinuous process. Individual mechanical os- that evidence might be, was simply not to came to regard the quanta as photons,
cillators in the material- atoms or mole- be tolerated. Human feelings at levels essentially indivisible whilst in transit and
cules- radiate individual quanta of light deeper than mere reason were involved in therefore of the nature of particles. The
energy. In the case of the absorption of this conflict. If mysticism was to regain its wave -packet concept was a non-starter,
light there is additional evidence of a lost foothold in science, here was fertile disproved by the evidence, but it is still
discontinuous process: the photoelectric ground. offered to physics students today as though
effect, which had similarly defied analysis Naturally, various attempts were made it were valid and relevant.
by classical theory, was readily explained to compromise. The most hopeful of these In the end, and in my view prematurely,
by Einstein on the basis of Planck's new led to the concept of the wave -packet. In a thoroughly unsatisfactory compromise
hypothesis. The only possible interpreta - certain circumstances, chief among which based on mysticism seems to have won the
day. Modern physics as now taught can start the ball rolling by mentioning a variations in the density of photons as they
accepts the doctrine of duality, which says few neglected facts that may help us on our travel in bunches through empty space at
that light radiation (sunlight, radio waves way. velocity c. If this should be so the infa-
and x-rays) consist of both waves and part- My first hopeful factor is this. It is not mous dualistic doctrine would be shown
icles at the same time. Whether its wave- waves as such, but electromagnetic theory - up for the mystical nonsense that I, for
like or particle-like properties predominate -
a field theory which is inconsistent with one, believe it to be. And the conflict
will depend on the details of the particular the existence of discrete, particulate pho- would no longer lie between the concepts
experimental set-up. If I use a diffraction tons. When we are dealing with the most of light waves and photons, no longer in-
grating I shall see waves; if I use a photo- familiar waves of all, sound -waves in air, compatible, but between the electromag-
cell I shall see photons; if I follow a diffrac- we do not normally have to remember that netic theory and the experimental evi-
tion grating by a photocell I shall see both the true picture is one of interactions on dence. That theory also would be no more
forms of light within the confines of the the microphysical scale between myriads than a limited analogy at best.
same experiment. It matters not that waves of individual air molecules. Rather than It would be quite wrong to pretend to
(as in electromagnetic theory) and photons seek to follow and account in detail for the any originality for this idea, which Sir Karl
(quantum theory) are mutually -exclusive motion of each and every air molecule, Popper has quoted as representing
concepts, each of which specifically denies which would be an impossible task any- Einstein's view. The concept that light
the validity of the other. If I am to make a way, it is sufficient for almost all purposes waves consist of bunches or concentrations
successful career in physics I must learn to to consider their average behaviour. We of photons is so obvious that one has to ask
ignore that logical conflict and get on with speak in terms of local mean pressure and why it has not been generally accepted in
the remainder of my job as though the local mean velocity, and using these terms place of the duality doctrine. Part of the
conflict did not exist. we can describe the propagation of sound answer would seem to lie in a general belief
as "waves" of pressure and velocity that it has been disproved experimentally.
The duality doctrine can be fully
moving through the gas. Now the point I am now going to argue that despite
accepted only by a person who is able and
willing to "double -think" in the George to be made is that the mathematics of this popular belief the concept has not in fact
Orwell sense. For every other professional description of sound is concerned with been disproved, but that it deserves at least
waves in a continuous medium, yet we one further, careful examination.
physicist the choice is either to live with
the doctrine - reluctantly and with resig- know from other experiments that the
true nature of a gas is not that of a contin-
Typical of the experiments in question is
one involving the interference of light,
nation, no doubt, knowing it to be un-
sound - or to try to do something about uous medium but of discontinuous,
discrete molecules. The sound waves are
which is so readily accounted for on a
"pure -waves" theory. I cannot do better
it: but what? The problem of the true
nature of light radiation is recognized to be real waves, however; their crests and than quote from an article written by
one of surpassing difficulty which may troughs represent concentrations of air Professor Frisch, of Cambridge, in 1969:
"for fundamental reasons" actually be in- molecules which move progressively and
"But what happens to the photons in an in-
soluble. There even exists a powerful systematically through the gas; and those terferometer? At first it was thought that in-
school of thought which believes that mat- density changes remain wavelike even terference occurred when two or more pho-
ters of this fundamental kind are intrinsi- though the gas is not mathematically con- tons came together; but that was disproved
cally beyond the power of the human mind tinuous. It is not the waves but the mathe- when G. I. Taylor (1909) showed that in-
to understand, so that it would be wrong to matical theory of the waves which is incon- terference fringes were formed just the same
sistent with the molecular nature of the whether the light was strong or whether it was
expend time, effort, or public money on so weak that hardly ever two photons passed
attempting to understand them. It is as- gas. Clearly the theory is an approximate
description, valid only in limited circum- through the apparatus together. It follows
serted by this school that modern quantum that single photons can exhibit interference,
theory is "complete" (Niels Bohr), and stances.
that 'a photon can interfere with itself'. It
since that ultimate theory offers no solu- In electromagnetic theory the roles cor- would seem that something does travel along
tion to the problem there can be no solu- responding to local gas pressure and veloc- both paths in the interferometer even when
tion to it (von Neumann). ity are played roughly, but not exactly, by only one photon is admitted; but what is it?
Believe me about this, please, for I am Maxwell's field potentials and displace- "Such questions were discussed a good deal
ment currents. It is these mathematical when photons were new, and similar ques-
telling you the truth: that view is the
artefacts of the field theory, demanding as tions arose out of wave -particle duality of
accepted dogma of today's scientific estab- `material' particles such as electrons. Some
lishment. It follows from the arguments of they do continuity in an ether medium, agreement has been reached on the way they
the so-called Copenhagen School during which are in conflict with the quantum should be answered, but the agreement is not
the 1930's, while the body of doctrine now evidence for the granularity of light. Light unequivocal, and many of us are not sure
known as the quantum mechanics was un- waves might very well consist of periodic what to tell our students ..."
der development. That doctrine is no more
sacrosanct than was electromagnetic
theory, and it rests on very much less se- Summary who do not accept such negative
cure experimental foundations (see later). The crisis in electromagnetic theory doctrines to provide more accepta-
It categorizes the fundamental nature of threatened the whole of 19th -cen- ble alternatives to them. One such
light as a nonproblem for physics, about tury physics. The threat became ex- alternative, attributable originally
which it would be improper to ask further treme when evidence of the radia- to Einstein, proposes that light
questions. Its bland assertion that there tion law (Planck, 1899) and the "waves" may consist of periodic
"can be" no further progress toward un- photoelectric effect (Einstein, 1905) variations of photon density. It is
derstanding in this and similar areas showed that on these issues at generally believed nowadays that
constitutes the ultimate in defeatism. For least the electromagnetic theory this concept was disproved long
myself, I do not accept it. had already definitely failed, The ago, but careful investigation sug-
Now if I declare that I do not accept one concept of the wave -packet, pro- gests that this is not so. Modern
of the currently established doctrines of posed by way of compromise, technology provides the possibility
physics, in this case the doctrine of dual- proved to be untenable. Eventually of a series of more rigorous experi-
ity, the onus is on me to provide an alter- the mystical doctrine of the simul- ments which could decide this very
native that I and others may find more taneous waveparticle duality of fundamental question once and for
acceptable. This I cannot yet do; nor, I light radiation came to be accepted, all. The main difficulty with such
expect, will anyone now be found who is perhaps with resignation, together experiments is the practical one of
able to review and revise the whole of with the parallel doctrine that no obtaining financial support, be-
modern physics single-handed. What I can fundamental understanding of this cause the concept underlying them
do is invite those of my colleagues who are duality could ever be achieved. The is in conflict with the established
interested and not too busy to take a fresh onus was thereby placed on those dogma of modem physics.
look with me at the duality paradox, and I
The G. I. Taylor referred to was a research photons, rather than within individual being greedy), we would have good
student at Cambridge under Sir J. J. photons, remained the order of the day. reasons for repeating the Taylor experi-
Thomson. In his experiment he set up and Can I substantiate this proposal? Yes, I ment with modern photon -counting equip-
recorded interference fringes on photo- believe I can. In 1917 Einstein published a ment. At sufficiently low light levels the
graphic plates. and the essence of his result derivation of Planck's quantum law which interference phenomenon should simply
was that no change could be discerned in later became the theoretical basis of the fade away, like sound in sufficiently rare-
these fringes whether the light was of modern laser, and is therefore quite likely fied air. It would not be an expensive expe-
visible intensity or so weak that to record to be true. In this derivation he deduced riment by modern standards but it would
the patterns required an exposure lasting the existence of two kinds of radiating be very fundamental and I say, worth the
three months. In the latter, extreme, case mechanism which he denoted A and B. trouble of performing it. (I would have
it could be calculated that if photons The A -type was spontaneous emission, done it myself at home if I could have
existed they must on average be separated self-triggering, while the B -type was stim- found the necessary £50,000 for equip-
by 30cm, which was appreciably more ulated emission, in which an atom or mole- ment!) The key to the test would be to
than the dimensions of the apparatus. cule previously primed with energy was ensure and demonstrate that the photons
Hence on average only one photon was triggered by the arrival of a photon already were constrained to pass through the appa-
present at any one time; yet the interfer- in flight. Following from Einstein's propo- ratus truly one -at -a -time. To forestall
ence fringes still appeared in the photo- sal, in the radiation of visible light the misinterpretation in these mystical and
graphs. occurrence of B -type (stimulated) emission doctrinally-loaded surroundings would call
may be up to a thousand million times for the greatest care. Also we may note that
I submit that a point may have been more frequent than A -type (spontaneous) there is nothing "impossible" about this
missed by Taylor, by Thomson, by later emission. experiment, except that according to the
experimenters who may have repeated the We may interpret this result in non - Copenhagen dogma the question it asks is
test, and by all who have accepted this mystical, mechanical terms. It should an improper question - just a bit too
result as evidence that "a photon can in- mean that photons are normally radiated in fundamental for comfort.
terfere with itself'.* Everybody seems to a cascade process: that is, in bunches. If it were thus to be shown that, con-
have assumed that natural photons are Each bunch would consist of up to a thou- trary to current doctrine, the interference
evenly distributed in space, and that their sand million stimulated emissions, trig- of light is a group phenomenon not evi-
density will be diluted evenly when the gered ultimately from the one photon that denced by individual photons, we would
light intensity is attenuated toward zero. is emitted spontaneously to initiate the be well on the way to a resolution of the
That is the assumption on which the de- cascade. This would represent the biggest duality paradox. A series of options in
duction rests in this and similar experi-
ments, but I suggest that it may be a false
snowball effect known to man - going on physics would be re -opened, which for
all the time on our doorstep, without our fifty years have been dismissed as old-
assumption. I propose in its place the idea having noticed it. (I have coined the phrase fashioned, "unphysical", or merely "un-
that photons generated naturally - by a semi -laser action to describe this process; realistic" - epithets which, in context,
black -body radiator for instance, or in a the emission of wave trains can be ex- carry a pleasing irony. In the meantime we
discharge tube - are generated not singly plained in a natural way by interpreting may examine some of the consequences to
but in very large bunches. Then in the Planck's E=hv as E=h/z, where T is the which a positive experimental result might
experiments of Taylor and others the delay -time for emission of a photon of lead. Cffli
photons, although infrequent in an average energy E).
sense, would nevertheless have continued If this argument should prove to be even *The wording of Taylor's report makes it clear
to manoeuvre in bunches. There never was moderately near to the truth (and I would that his boss, Thomson, did not hold with the
a time when the apparatus contained only a
new-fangled quantum ideas. Having obtained a
gladly settle for a bunch of a million pho- result in accord with classical theory he was not
single photon, and interference between tons rather than a thousand million, not disposed to investigate the issue further ..
.
Next month discussion

cating engineers in
about edu- service; what then? In A
More Realistic Duality
social responsibility Dr Murray continues the
Two -metre transceiver. down to earth in this Heretics Guide to Phy-
Complete design for a first of two articles. sics series by discussing
two -metre band, six - Written in response to new situations that
mode transceiver for Peter Hartley's article on could be tested by expe-
mobile use by T. D. For- educating engineers, it riment.
rester, call -sign G8GIW. relates the ideas to the
Microprocessor control current industrial situa- Interfacing the Nano -
simplifies functions tion: part one deals with comp. Bob Coates des-
such as scanning, tun- technological choices cribes how to expand i/o
ing, frequency display for the UK. interfacing for the nano -
and use of the unit's comp and gives connec-
nine memories. The Heretics guide to phy- tion details for the Cu-
transmitter power rating sics. Instead of trying to ban interface.
is 16.5 watts in the f.m. ignore Planck's quan-
mode. tum hypothesis because
Technological choices
it conflicts with electro-
magnetic theory, On sale
for the UK. Robin Howes
sets out to bring the
suppose we were to
afford it more than lip Sept 15
WIRELESS WOFìLD OCTOBER 1982 79
FLOPPY-DISC DRIVES
Despite the floppy -disc drive's disadvantages in relation to the hard -disc drives already
discussed, it is widely used and popular, particularly with microcomputer systems,
because of its low cost. John Watkinson looks at the progress of floppy -disc drive
technology this month.
Floppy discs are the result of a search for a by J. R. Watkinson Figure 5 shows that this type of motor
convenient and fast, yet cheap non-volatile consists of a multi -lobed iron rotor and a
memory for storing instruction-coverting B.Sc., M.Sc. stator with the same number of poles, each
data used with a processor under de- of which has a coil. If current is passed, the
velopment at IBM in the late 1960s. Both gripped firmly. The moving hub is usually rotor lobes will be attracted by the poles,
magnetic -tape and hard -disc storage were tapered to accurately centre the disc. To and will move into alignment. A smaller
ruled out as means of quickly restoring the avoid frictional heating and in the interests current, known as a holding current, will
system's data after a supply interruption of longevity the spindle speed is restricted maintain this alignment against consider-
on grounds of cost, since only intermittent to about one tenth of that used for hard able external torque.
duty was required. The device designed to discs. The spindle is commonly driven by In smaller motors the holding current
fulfil these requirements - the 8 -inch an induction motor, but more recent units can be dispensed with as the rotor is a
floppy -disc drive - incorporated both incorporate electronically -governed d.c. permanent magnet which naturally has a
magnetic -tape and disc technologies. motors, which have the advantage of need- detenting action. A simple stepping motor
The floppy concept was so cost effective ing no modification to run on different of this type will only work if it is push-
that it transcended its original application supply frequencies, and generate less heat. started at the frequency of the coil pulses.
to become a standard in industry as an on- Since the rotational latency of the slowly Motors of this type can be found in most
line data -storage device. The original turning disc is so great, there is little point a.c. electric clocks. To permit starting un-
floppy disc, or diskette as it is commonly in providing a fast positioner so the car- der load, extra poles and windings with
called, is 8in in diameter and the more riage is moved by a stepping motor driving seperate connections are interposed be-
recent 'mini -floppy' is 5'/4in in diameter. a leadscrew in the case of standard and tween the original windings. If the
Still more recently, the 'micro-floppy', mini -floppy discs, Fig. 4. This approach windings arc pulsed in turn, the rotor will
measuring around 3'/iin in diameter has also provides detenting. To appreciate why jump round, following the pulses, and de -
been introduced. this is so, it is necessary to understand how tent at the last coil to pass current. This is
Strictly speaking the floppy disc is a a stepping motor works. the basis of the poly -phase -stepping
disc -storage medium since it rotates and motor, which is the type used in floppy-
repeatedly presents the data on any track 90° rotation disc and many `mini -Winchester' drives. A
to the heads, and it has a positioner to give typical standard floppy -disc drive uses a
the fast access characteristic of disc drives; stepping motor with four windings and
but the device is also very similar to a tape two steps correspond to a one cylinder
drive in that the medium consists of an seek.
oxide coating on a flexible substrate which Figure 6 shows a typical drive circuit, in
deforms when the read/write head is which a 2 -bit counter counts up or down
pressed against it. according to pulse from the controller, and
Being stamped from a tape, a floppy disc Fig. 1. Being stamped from tape, a floppy this count is decoded to one of four out-
is anisotropic, owing to the oxide being disc is anisotropie. This can cause puts which will be in the correct sequence
oriented along the tape during manufac- sinusoidal -amplitude modulation of the for the chosen direction of travel. Al-
ture. On many brands this can be seen by type shown. though the pulses from the controller may
the naked eye as parallel striations on the
surface. A more serious symptom is the
presence of sinusoidal amplitude modula-
tion of the head output at the rotational
frequency of the disc, illustrated in Fig. 1.
Standard and 5'/4in floppy discs have
straight radial apertures in their protective Scale 75met=1"
envelopes to allow access by the linear
head positioner, but micro-floppy discs
have curved slots since they use the lower
cost rotary positioner, Fig. 2. A further 8
aperture in the envelope allows a photo- i-
electric index sensor to detect a small hole
in the disc which gives an output signal
once per revolution to synchronize the 1
§7"
read/write circuits (discussed in an earlier
article).
The disc is inserted into the drive edge
first, and slides between an upper and L
lower hub assembly, Fig. 3. One of these ta} tel
assemblies has a fixed bearing which
transmits the drive and the other is spring Fig. 2. A slot in the disc's protective envelope allows the read/write head to access the disc
loaded and mates with the drive hub when surface, and a further small aperture lets the photo -electric index sensor detect a small hole
the door is closed, causing the disc to be in the disc for signalling one revolution. Various types of micro -floppy disc -drives are
appearing, one of which has a rotary positioner to keep costs down. Micro -disc shown is for
Digital Equipment Co. the Sony SMC-70. Relative sizes shown are approximate.

Centering cene
Head -load
actuator
Read/write
head
Head carriage
Helix
Stepper motor
Coils
Fig. 3. Floppy -disc drive mechanism. Fig. 5. Stepping motors are used to turn the
Closing the drive door (not shown) forces floppy -disc drive positioner's leadscrew.
the moving disc hub (here the upper hub) The most basic form of stepping motor,
Disc drive motor toward the fixed driving hub to both grip shown here, requires external torque to
the disc and centre it by means of a start it, and if the rotor is a permanent
location taper. magnet, detenting is obtained when the
rotor is stationary. This type of motor may
Fig. 4. Floppy discs be found in mains -driven electric clocks,
turn much more but a commonly used, more advanced type
slowly than hard with extra, separately -driven windings and
discs so there is no poles is used to turn a floppy -disc -drive
need for a high- positioner's leadscrew in either direction
speed positòning without starting torque from outside.
system. The Carriage Nut
leadscrew-type
positioner shown
is usually used.
Carriage
Some drives have provision for adjusting
the pressure -pad loading. The pressure-
Leadscrew Head
pad solenoid can often be heard operating
in an otherwise virtually silent drive. The
Pressure Pad recording technique used with standard
floppy -discs is f.m. (described earlier in
the series). Owing to the indifferent stabi-
lity of the medium, side -trim or tunnel
only be a few -hundred nanoseconds long, zero sensor be at the correct radial posi- erase recording is used, which can withs-
the motor drive circuit stretches these to tion, or a recalibrate could cause the posi- tand considerable misregistration.
about 10 milliseconds. tioner to detent on the wrong track. Figure 7 shows the construction of a
All incremental positioners need a refer- The read/write head of a standard side -trimming head, and the extra erase
ence from which to start counting. At the floppy -disc drive operates on the lower poles can be seen. Figure 8 shows a typical
rearward limit of carriage travel, the car- surface only, and is rigidly fixed to the write circuit from a double -sided drive
riage interrupts a slotted light -beam -type carriage. Contact with the medium is which incorporates a head -select matrix.
sensor which generates a logic signal indi- achieved with the help of a spring -loaded
cating cylinder zero. From then on, the During writing, the erase poles are ener-
pressure pad applied to the top surface of gized by switching power to a fourth head
controller must remember the sum of how the disc opposite the head. To reduce head
many pulses forward and how many back connection.
wear, the pressure pad is often retracted At the inner tracks, writing density be-
have been sent in order to know what the when data is not actually being trans-
current cylinder is. Should this count be comes higher, and the write current needs
ferred. to be reduced. This is the function of the
lost, say due to a power failure, it is neces-
sary to execute a recalibrate function. In Fig. 6. Stepping -motor drive circuit
this case the drive is sent reverse pulses in which a 2 -bit counter counts up or
until the cylinder -zero sensor is activated. down according to pulses from the -1-
Head alignment. One of the less endearing controller. The count direction determines
features of plastics materials is lack of di- the switching sequence of four output
mensional stability. Temperature affects drivers and hence the motor's direction of Motor
plastics much more than metals, and they rotation.
also change their dimensions as a function L
of humidity. For this reason the track
spacing has to be generous, being only 77 0.3
tracks on the industry-standard floppy,

and 35 on the basic mini -floppy disc. Ow-
ing to this coarse track spacing, head
Up/down
2- bit One -out

a
i;
alignment in the field is seldom necessary, count -of-four a
I-
but is nevertheless quite easy on a leads -
crew drive. After loosening a clamp screw,
__F
Step pukes
decoder
a
I
the stepping motor can be turned bodily 4ÿ
while dentented, which has the effect of
rotating the leadscrew, hence moving the
head. It is also important that the cylinder
Centre tap +V +V
Erase coil Above 43' Erase
Write CO
Write Inner Write -current
Hd0
coil erase pole Erase
source
rábo
^> Head
select
Write
*I
data
Write I
gap
Outer erase Hd1
pole Head button ' Write current
switch Erase
Disc rotation
Track after writing
Fig. 7.If a head writes over a track that it is

not accurately aligned with, chances are
Fig. 8. Typical write circuit from a double -
sided disc drive with head-select matrix.
I Read amp.
that some of the data that should be During writing, the erase poles are
overwritten will be left at the edge of the energized by switching power to a fourth
new track. On a subsequent read, signal-to- head connection. 'Above 43' refers to
noise ratio may be significantly worsened higher cylinder addresses and is a signal
by the presence of the remaining used to reduce write current at the inner
unwanted signal. A plastic floppy disc has tracks where the writing density is higher.
poor dimensional stability and would
suffer from this problem were it not for two
small erase heads at either side of the
read/write head which clean the track
edges during a write. Fig. 9. Main signals
between a floppy -
disc drive and its
signal àbove-43', which refers to the associated control
higher cylinder addr esses. logic.
The major signals between the drive and
its controller have now been introduced
and are summarized in Fig. 9.
Formatting /Index transducer output

Since it has become a standard, the format
Hard index mark
of the floppy -disc warrants inclusion here.
Figure 10 shows that there are 26 blocks
on each track, which commence at the
index point. A considerable tolerance gap Pre -index
Block 26 gap Block 1 Block 2 Block 3 Block4 B
is left after the last block to allow for varia- 320 bytes
tions in disc speed changing the length of
blocks written at constant write frequency. '-Soft-index mark
Figure 11 details each block, and shows 1 byte
that the header contains the cylinder and Rotation
sector address of the block for the purpose
of position confirmation before trans- Fig. 10. There are 26 blocks on each track of a standard floppy disc commencing at the index
ferring data. The header finishes with a point. A considerable gap is left at the end of the last block to allow for rotational -speed
cyclic -redundancy -check character (c.r.c.) changes, which will change the length of blocks written at a constant write frequency.
which is used to establish that the header
was correctly read. Between the header Header field Data field
and the data block proper is a space where
the write current can be turned on. The i1 of ),
block contains 128 bytes of data followed Address- ..§-i Header Data mark ms 128,0 Bytes of data Data crc.
by a 2 -byte check character. The IBM mark sync. p, É - á crc sync. field O..
e
specification also details which tracks are 33 bytes e 8 ä " á 17 bytes
N ó N
to be used for particuluar purposes, but of zeros á-b ó s
8
of zeros
"2"8 0= bi
this is not adhered to by other manufactur-
ers of floppy disc drives.
vl
t i
1byte 1.11 bytes 6 bytes
Write -gate turn off for write `Write gate turn on for write
Developments of preceeding data field of next data field
As with all disc drives, developments have Rotation
increased the storage capacity of the floppy
disc. The first step was to use modified
Fig. 11. Details of a data block. In the header -field section, the first byte is a unique pattern
f.m. (m.f.m.) encoding instead of f.m., decoded by the controller to identify the beginner of the header field, called the
which effectively doubles the capacity identification -address mark. The last two bytes in the header-field section are for cyclic -
(described in the second article). Such redundancy checking (c.r.c.). The data field is broken into 131 bytes of information and is
drives are referred to as double -density, preceded by a field of zeros and the header field just mentioned. Here, the first byte is also a
and are to be found in both sizes. Some unique pattern but for identifying the beginning of the data field, called the data- or deleted-
drives have been built which are capable of data -address mark. Bytes two to 129 comprise the data field used to store 128, 8-bytes of
continued on page 84 information. Bytes 130 and 131 are a cyclic -redundancy -check character.

METEOSAT HIGH -
RESOLUTION IMAGES
Final details of circuits for receiving Meteosatll high -resolution pictures on a home -built station.
The original weather -satellite receiver, designed for Tiros -N high -resolution images, was
described towards the end of last year.
Word and frame synchronization is by M. L. Christieson first to locate frame zero and hence the
achieved by passing the serial data through label. Subframes containing the required
a 24 -bit shift register and detecting the station, switching between the two systems image data are stripped of unwanted
sync. sequence. This is similar to the is controlled by the computer. words, such as syncs, and the 6 most signi-
system used for h.r.p.t. but a more Data handling and display ficant bits stored in the main memory.
straightforward method of detecting a One of the advantages of using computer Data is then transferred to tape in a similar
clock -phase error is used. The effect of this software to process the data is that dif- manner to that used for h.r.p.t., i.e., with
type of error is that the data appears ferent types of image can be handled eas- data channel and interrupts.
inverted, and with an increased error rate. ily. In the prototype station, the computer The colour display, which operates as a
This situation is detected by checking the interface was modified to receive two 8 -bit
serial data for sync. as well as sync. and words and flags as one 18 -bit word rather
correcting the clock if sync. is found.
Meteosat now relays
than the original four, 4-bit words of the GEOS pictures
Figure 5 shows the circuit of the serial - experimental h.r.p.t. system. This change As pointed out in this article, Meteosat's
to-parallel converter together with the as- was made to accommodate a more ad- schedule is subject to occasional revision,
sociated sync. detector. The error signal is vanced colour display which stores 6 -bit and since the time of writing a new
fed back to the bit conditioner. This cir- words to give 64 colours. Reception of schedule has been introduced. This in-
cuit should replace the sync. detector sec- h.r.p.t. data is now also through this includes formats containing data from the
tion of the serial -to-parallel converter used terface and colour display. GEOS-E satellite situated at 75°W. These
for h.r.p.t. The counter that provides the The software that controls data from the formats are relayed via CMS -Lannion in
word clock should be changed to divide by France, and comprise both p.d.u.s. and
interface for the tape drive in real time has s.d.u.s. images of the Americas and the
eight because of the different word length.
Western Atlantic. The .p.d.u.s. formats,
The sync. guarantee counter which resets Fig. 5. Sync. detector with serial -to-parallel called LX, have been successfully
at 11090 for h.r.p.t. should be decoded to converter. The error signal if fed back to the by the prototype station.
reset at 364 for p.d.u.s. In the prototype bit conditioner, Fig. 3.
F Sync
4012
1800 Clock
- Error
-90°Clock 4012
4078 4078 4078 4078 4078 078
As previous stage As previous stage
Dota out
bit number 3 4 5 6 7 1 6 7 0 1
.17-115 13 12 4 l 11 2 5 4
Serial D
input 7
D 4015 D D
C CK CK CK CK
9 1 9

from the main store. The output is fed to a It is hoped that these ideas may form the
d -to -a converter from a hardware adder basis for further exploitation of the service
and subtracter loaded by the computer. and facilitate further work on the interpre-
This means that the colours may be tation and use of the data, a field where
changed without loss of the stored image. much important work remains to be done.
Adjustment and results

Final adjustment is simplified by the con- Further reading
Use of data from Meteorological satellites,
tinuous nature of the Meteosat signal and a Technical conference, Lannion, Sept. 1979,
satellite simulator was not necessary. A ESA, SP143
final check on the system is most easily Satellite meteorology of the Mediterranean,
made by using the computer to check for ESA, SP159
errors in the sync. sequences. This in- Climate and man's environment, J. E. Oliver,
Fig. 4. This is how the top -middle formation may be used to calculate an ap- Wiley and Sons
section of the circuit diagram on page proximate error rate which was better than Proceedings of the second Meteosat scientific
64 of last month's Wireless World 1 in 107 in the prototype.
user meeting, Mar. 1980, ESA
should have looked; we apologize. A large number of images have been Publications relating specifically to Meteosat
may be obtained from ESOC, MDMD/OPS,
received and the quality has been excel- Robert Bosch Strasse 5, D-6100 Darmstadt, W.
computer peripheral, has a basic image of lent. There are relatively few p.d.u.s. Germany. Other ESA publications, for which
315 lines by 384, 6 -bit pixels. The raster users at the moment, possibly because of there is a charge, should be obtained from
store is made from dynamic mos memory the high cost of commercial equipment Scientific and Technical Publications Branch,
and uses the line rate as the refresh. A one - and the apparent reluctance of people to ESTEC, Postbus 299, 2200 AG Noordwijk, The
line buffer is used to transfer data to and make it. Netherlands.
continued from page 82
Fig. 12. An
unconventional
approach to doubling
the density of a floppy -
disc drive is to engineer a
more compact mechanism
which is one half the height of
a standard, drive. This allows two
drives to be fitted into the space of one.
accepting either single or double -density Dimensional instability is compensated In mainframe and minicomputer appli-
discs. A bit in the headers will tell if the for in some drives by a section of disc cations, the floppy disc provides an excel-
subsequent data is f.m. or m.f.m., the disc material in the positioner baseplate. As the lent low-cost medium for loading diagnos-
format being otherwise the same. disc changes its dimensions, so too does tic programs, particularly useful if the
The next step was to record on both the baseplate, reducing the resulting hard disc subsystem is faulty. In
sides of the disc. In this approach, the misregistration. microcomputers, the floppy disc is the
pressure pad is replaced by a second gim- An unconventional approach to dou- only product which is of the same order of
balled head, which constrains the medium bling the density of a floppy disc drive is to cost as the other components of the
to pass neatly between in contact with both engineer a more compact mechanism system, and the disc needs less consider-
heads. The floppy disc is somewhat thin- which is half the height of a standard ation in handling than the hard disc. With
ner than a hard disc so to reduce crosstalk drive. This allows two drives to be fitted in the current popularity of microcomputers,
the magnetic gaps of the two heads are the space of one. A unit of this type is the floppy disc is a significant growth area.
displaced slightly along the track from one shown in Fig. 12. This article concludes the information on disc
another. The two heads are always at the The most recent development is the use drives themselves. Future articles will discuss
same distance from the spindle. A double - of vertical recording, where the magnetic the control logic required to support the drives,
sided double -density drive yield four times domains in the medium are arranged on and techniques used to ensure data integrity.
the storage capacity of the standard pro- end throughout the thickness of the coat-
duct. As the recording density increases, ing. Research has now provided a suitable Acknowledgments
however, it becomes more important to medium in the form of Chromium -Cobalt
have high quality media. Recent advances crystals which are sputtered onto the subs- The author would like to thank HAL
in head technology permit continuous trate. It is predicted that this technique Computers Ltd for photographs of the
will increase the capacity of a floppy disc mini -floppy and half-height drives, and
contact with the medium, thus eliminating
by initially a factor of 3 to 5. This tech- Digital Equipment Co. Ltd for permission
the solenoid mechanism, making it espe-
nology can then be expected to migrate to to use the standard floppy -disc drive
cially important to use discs recommended
hard discs with staggering results. photograph.
by the manufacturer.
84
SIDEBANDS: PAST, PRESENT
AND FUTURE
The debate on the existence of sidebands was recently revived by letters in Wireless
World. Professor Bell thinks they are here to stay for the moment, at least. -
A recent letter in Wireless Worlds recalled carrier-plus-sidebands are equally valid re-
by D. A. Bell, presentations of the modulated carrier: one
rather nostalgically some of the writer's F. nst.P., F.I.E.E.
earliest experiences of radio in the 1930s. finds whichever one is looking for,
In those days engineers did not always rely whichever one's test apparatus is capable
on mathematics - after all, Marconi of detecting. Thus, if one uses an oscillo-
scope one will see only a carrier of varying
successfully defied the predictions of dif- linear relationship between input and out-
fraction theory about the propagation of put, is not linear in the circuit -theory sense amplitude, but if one uses a spectrum ana-
short waves - and there was substantial of obeying the law of superposition which lyser one will see carrier and sidebands.
The idea of time/frequency duality was not
argument as to whether sidebands really requires the output due to two signals ap-
existed. The extreme point of the argu- plied simultaneously to be equal to the well developed in the 1930s, when one
ment came when J. Robinson produced a sum of the outputs obtainable from the thought of applying Fourier series only to
type of receiver which he named "Stenode two signal applied separately. Put very the analysis of repetitive waveforms of
Radiostat" ("Stenode" from the Greek for crudely, and assuming the two signals to non -sinusoidal shape, as in the treatment
"Narrow path") which he claimed utilized be of very different amplitude, the opening of harmonic distortion.
the modulated carrier and ignored side- and closing of the conducting path through The most graphic example of time/fre-
bands2. This receiver used a single, high -Q the rectifier is controlled by the stronger quency relationships (though in a different
resonant circuit (quartz crystal) to give signal and any signal of different frequency context) was given by Gabor7 in 1946. A
high selectivity. The higher modulation is `mashed up' because some cycles which pure sine wave will appear in the spectrum
frequencies were admittedly attenuated by coincide periodicially with those of the (frequency) analysis as a line of zero width,
the slow response of the high -Q element to stronger carrier are allowed through but but to have zero width it must extend over
changes in carrier amplitude but this effect others are blocked. It turns out that only an infinite range in time. Conversely, a
was compensated by a suitably large top the modulation of the weaker signal is pure pulse is concentrated in an infinitesi-
boost in the audio -frequency circuits. suppressed, to an extent depending on the mal time but in the frequency domain is
Now, in a truly linear system, the atte- ratio of carrier amplitudes, any heterodyne spread over all frequencies (as evidenced
nuation of high frequencies in one stage note between carriers remaining. In the experimentally by its potentiality for caus-
followed by their restoration in a later Wireless World's then sister journal, ing interference). Any intermediate wave-
stage would restore the original condition, originally entitled Experimental Wireless form - e.g. a chopped sinusoid or a
with no net advantage. But the Stenode but later Wireless Engineer, there was a lengthened pulse - will occupy a finite
Radiostat worked! It was claimed that an sequence of papers under the title range in both time and frequency. The
interfering station only one kilocycle (kilo- "Apparent Demodulation of a Weak Sta- idea that the communication of informa-
hertz) off the wanted station could be eli- tion by a Strong One". The first was a tion requires a finite bandwidth has
minated. (The weakness of the system was mathematical paper by Beatty3, but the somehow become associated with 'in-
that the large top boost in the audio stages mathematics of non-linear systems is no- formation theory' and has thereby ac-
also magnified any harmonic distortion toriously difficult and Butterworth* dis- quired an unquestionable authority. Now-
which might have been generated in the agreed with the results of Beatty's mathe- adays we expect to be able to shift between
detector stage). The success of the Stenode matical analysis. Then a paper by time and frequency descriptions of a phe-
Radiostat also tied in with something Colebrook' was concerned to present a nomenon as the immediate problem may
which had already been puzzling other simpler mathematical treatment and demand, by the (mathematical) Fourier
experimenters. If one had, for example, a finally a paper by Appleton (later Sir Ed- Transform, where an analytic description
simple crystal set with a single tuned cir- ward Appleton) and Boohariwalla6 from is possible, by the (computer) Fast Fourier
cuit of very modest Q, it was possible to King's College, London, reported an expe- Transform (F.F.T.) where numerical
separate two local medium -wave broad- rimental verification of the theory. This transformation of an arbitrary signal is re-
casting stations much more completely last paper has a footnote suggesting that quired or by the Wiener -Khintchine
than one would have calculated from the the effect in question might have some Transform to find the power spectrum of a
resonance curve of given Q. relevance to the Stenode Radiostat. So one random signal.
A demonstration of the existence of side - now takes account of the effect of relative So sidebands are firmly with us at pre-
bands was given at one of the Physical carrier amplitudes in receiver design, sent, but will they always be in future? For
Society's Annual Exhibitions. One exhibit while using a flat-topped pre-detector filter a long time the frequency domain of sinu-
(from the N.P.L.?) showed a carrier of to avoid the problem of harmonic distor- soids has seemed inherent in nature: there
comparatively low frequency (perhaps 15 tion exaggeration by audio -frequency top are so many natural phenomena which
kHz) modulated by a single audio fre- boost. involve harmonic oscillation, in fact any-
quency; and a wavemeter with galvanome- So at the present time sidebands are thing which involves inertia and a restor-
ter indication of response (there were no universally accepted, as indeed they ing force proportional to displacement
spectrum analysers in those days) could be should be. To anyone of modest mathe- from a central state. The most obvious
tuned across the frequency band, showing matical competence, the statement sin electrical version of this is the combination
separate responses to each sideband and cot .sin pt = Y2 [cos(p-w)t-cos(p+w)t] is of inductance and capacitance, and at
the carrier. just as true as 2 + 2 = 4. (The modifica- moderate frequencies the LC resonant cir-
As sidebands could be shown to exist, tions to the trigonometric formula to pro- cuit seemed a natural part of most tuned
why did the Stenode Radiostat work? Re- vide for a non -negative carrier and defined systems. Perhaps a hint of the future lay in
member the qualification above that in a depth of modulation are trivial.) The im- the low -frequency RC oscillator which
truly linear system no net advantage was to portant thing to remember, however, is avoided the use of an inconveniently large
be expected. The fact is that a `linear' that an equation has two sides, so that inductance. Now we have integrated cir-
detector, in the sense of one which has a carrier-of-varying -amplitude and constant- cuits which are unable to produce reason -
able magnitudes of either L or C but are 1. Maxwell's equations imply sinusoidal 3. R. T. Beatty, Apparent Demodulation of a
appropriate for digital working with an radiation. Weak Station by a.Stronger One,
external driving clock. 2. Changing the whole world's "channel" Experimental Wireless, vol. 5, pp. 300-303,
This brings us to consider Walsh func- allocations from frequency -division to 1928.
4. S. Butterworth, Apparent Demodulation of
tions8 as an alternative to trigonometric time -division would be a worse prob-
a Weak Station by a Stronger One,
functions. The use of non -sinusoidal sig- lem than changing the rule of the road Experimental Wireless, vol. 6, pp. 619-621,
nals has been surveyed in detail by Har- from right to left throughout Europe 1929.
muth9 who has shown how to construct and America - for in the radio case it 5. F. M. Colebrook, A Further Note on the
(with operational amplifiers) circuits anal- would be necessary for everyone Apparent Demodulation of a Weak Station
ogous to the ordinary resonant circuits, throughout the world to change simul- by a Stronger One, Wireless Engineer, vol. 8,
but which respond selectively to particular taneously. pp. 409-412, 1931.
non -sinusoidal waveforms. Direct digital 3. Time -division would require synchro- 6. E. V. Appleton and D. Boohariwalla, The
Mutual Interference of Wireless Signals in
transmission (without a carrier) is used for nism with a world-wide standard clock,
Simultaneous Detection, Wireless Engineer,
high-speed transmission over optical in phase as well as frequency, and this vol. 9, pp. 136-139, 1932.
fibres; and Harmuth describes the use of a could not be maintained over a long 7. D. Gabor, Theory of Communication,
radar with non -sinusoidal waveform for distance of propagation. ,bourn. I.E.E., vol. 93, part III, pp. 429-441,
the detection of buried pipes. As long as It therefore seems that modulated -carrier 1946.
one is concerned with local or confined radio, and thus sidebands, will be with us 8. Thomas Roddam, The Function of
transmission there is no problem, though for the foreseeable future. Functions. An Approach to Walsh
in optical fibres one may tend to go to a Functions from Telecommunications
frequency description of the dispersion as a History. Wireless World, vol. 87, pp. 36-39.
References. December 1981.
property of the medium, while still 1. D. C. Sutherland, Wireless World, vol. 88, 9. H. F. Harmuth, Nonsinusoidal Waves for
speaking of a time delay to the signal. But p.50, June 1982. radar and radio communication. Academic
modulated sinusoids seem essential in free 2. J. Robinson, The Stenode, Wireless World, Press, 1981 (Advances in Electronics and
radio communication for three reasons: vol. 28, pp. 9-11, January 7th, 1931. Electron Physics, Supplement 14).
continued from page 62 this is done, the led driver circuit will not
work properly on battery operation and
C16/R29 should be omitted.
The author Readers who would like copies of Mr Tier-

Mr flatmate is currently manager of nan's suggested p.c.b. pattern sketches should
British Telecom's Preste! computer net- send a stamped, addressed envelope to Wire-
work He has spent the last 12 years Motorola now manufactures some 15,000 semi-
less World, Room L302, Quadrant House, conductor devices and selection can be some-
'being largely concerned with the design The Quadrant, Sutton, Surrey. Mark the
and mtinagement of on-line computer what overwhelming. To make it easier they have
envelope Òscillator'. published a European Master Selection which
*items for use within British Telecom,
and the LACES air cargo control lists approximately 4,000 preferred devices that
sheme. Prior to that, 12 years RAF ser- correspond to the majority of customers' needs
vice was spent in close company with in Europe. This is still quite a daunting volume
-radar and associated computers. This but includes all the microcomputer compo-
article is the'result of a consuming in- Wireless World index nents, integrated circuits for digital and linears
operation; a wide selection of discrete compo-
terest in audio systems, to which much
of his leisure time has been devoted in and binding nents and packaged devices for hybrid circuits.
the past 25 years. Motorola Ltd, York House, Enfield Way,
Wembley, Middlesex. WW401
The index for Volume 8 (1982) of
Wireless World is now available,
price 75p including postage, from The Technit 10 -section Electro Magnetic In-
Construction the General Sales Department, IPC terference Shielding Design Guide is a source
The only item mounted directly on the Electrical -Electronic Press Ltd, Qua- of reference for design engineers who are faced
drant House, The Quadrant, Sutton, with EMI shielding problems. It is available
main front panel are the 4mm sockets for from MCP Electronics Ltd. 38 Rosemount
Sync, Common, and output; a 5 pin DIN Surrey SM2 5AS.
Road, Wembley, Middlesex. WW402
socket with pins 2 and 3 connected to
Common and output respectively; and the Our publishers also offer a ser-
led D3. vice of binding volumes of Wireless Perdiz Components, of 98 Crofton Park Road,
With one exception, there were no World, each complete with the ap- London SE4, have expanded with five new divi-
special screening or wiring constraints ob- propriate index. If you wish to use sions and have produced a product guide to list
served in making up the unit, but there has this service send your copies to the components available. There are liquid
been a penalty in so far as there is some Press Binders Ltd, 4-4a Iliffe Yard, crystal, vacuum fluorescent and gas plasma
slight, but obvious, high -frequency break- Crampton Street, Walworth, Lon- display panels; switching power supplies;
don, SE17 with your name and microprocessor application boards and video
through at the output (thought to be monitors.
address enclosed. Confirm your WW403
picked up at the junction of R13/R15) when
the attenuators are set for something less order to the General Sales Depart-
than maximum output. The exception is ment (address in first paragraph) Within the Catalogue of the Open University
the connexion between P2 and TBGB; this and with this letter to Quadrant. Press is a technology section which includes
is a link between two high -impedance House send a remittance of £6.90 some interesting titles on the social implications
points and a screened lead should be used for each volume (this price includes of technology. The Future of the Printed Word is
to prevent spurious triggering of ICyi via the index). a collection of papers edited by P. Hills. A book
by David Collingridge is entitled The Social
Tr4. There may also be slight notching of
In both cases cheques should be Control of Technology. There is also The Future
the output sinewave at points correspond- with Microelectronics by I. Barron and R. Cur -
made payable to IPC Business
ing to the switching of ICvi, and this may now, and Microelectronics and Society edited by
Press Ltd.
be minimized by using a 4069 (hex. T. W. Jones. The books are not written for
inverter) i.c. for IC2 in place of the 4584. If specific OU courses. WW404
'SIMPLE' LOGIC WW3o1
ANALYSER
A microprocessor -based logic
analyser with a minimum of
controls, the 7600, has been added
to Enertec Instrumentation's range
of laboratory instruments. Screen
information is divided into two
sections, one containing processed
and labelled data from the analyser
and the other containing prompts
for the operator, supplemented by
1.e.d. indications on the control
keys. One of two 4096 -bit
memories is used for data storage,
in either four, eight, 16 or 32 -bit -
word form, and the other is a truth -
table memory. Four possible
operating modes are automatic
step, manual step, externally -
triggered step and `halt -if -different -
from -truth -table'. Stored data can
be displayed in seven different
ways. When operated
synchronously, the 7600 has a
frequency range of 0 to 30MHz, or,
when operated asynchronously, up
to 100MHz, with thresholds
as £753. There wasn't, but we were
adjustable in 50mV steps between STORAGE FOR PETS told that the actual price is £737.
HIGH -VOLTAGE,
±6.35V. Propagation delay Eproms are the basis of Progstor - Thandar Electronics Ltd, London AND 250W POWER
difference between channels is 5ns a unit which turns the Pet into a Road, St Ives, Huntingdon, Cambs
and glitches l Ons wide at 3V p -p dedicated microcomputer with a PE17 4HJ. MOSFETS
can be detected. Enertec selectable initiate -on -switch -on Two high -voltage mos devices,
Intrumentation Ltd, Progress WW304
facility that makes the computer one rated at 350V, the MTM15N35,
House, Albert Road, Aldershot, suitable for use by untrained 64K EPROM and the other called MTM15N40
GU11 1SZ. operators. The program for the task rated at 400V can dissipate 250W
Customers with industrial or
WW301 concerned is written in Basic or commercial applications for a 64K according to a recent product
machine -code or both and then, eprom can obtain one free from announcement by Motorola. Both
DISPLAYS after debugging, is automatically Rapid Recall. The Intel device 15A transistors have a 0.452 on
Liquid -crystal displays from Sharp stored in between 2 and 28Kbyte of concerned is a 2764-4, 450ns eprom resistance and 70A peak drain -
with 240 by 64 -dot matrixes, eprom (2716 or 2732), so which draws 100mA from a 5V current rating. Two high -voltage p -
orange and green 40 -character by mechanically less reliable and supply when enabled or 40mA in channel mosfets, one with a 50V-
physically more vulnerable standby mode. Other versions, not higher rating than the other at
12 -line plasma displays from Oki,
magnetic -storage media are not free, are for ± 10% supply -voltage 500V, are also available from
and colour and monochrome
required. Progstor, mounted inside variation tolerance, and with 200, Motorola, Both p -channel devices
monitors for low and high-
the computer, can be set to operate 250 or 300ns access times. Rapid can carry 2A continuous drain
resolution applications are stocked
automatically when the computer is Recall Ltd, Rapid House, currents or 8A peak. Motorola Ltd,
by an offspring of the Vako group
switched on, or on receipt of a Denmark Street, High Wycombe, York House, Empire Way,
formed in June called Vako Display
system command, and is intended Bucks. Wembley, Middlesex HA9 OPR.
Systems Ltd. VDS claim to be one
for use in hostile environments, by WW305 WW306
untrained operators and in any
application where the same
program is used frequently. Of
course, it may also be used as an
eprom programmer. Microscience,
P.O. Box 14, Bramhall, Stockport,
of the few companies that stock the Cheshire SK7 2QS.
whole Sharp display range, WW303
including a 40 -by -two-line
character display, and they supply VIDEO PRINTER
Oki plasma displays for graphics Hard copy can be obtained from
and character applications. They any standard composite video
also supply 51/2 to 12in signal using an electro -sensitive
monochrome chassis monitors with dot-matrix printer called the TP55
various phosphors and 12 to 20in from Thandar Electronics. Both
colour monitors for either low or positive and negative prints of
high resolution. These products information on the screen can be
will be shown at the Electronic produced, on a 5in-wide paper roll,
Displays Exhibition on October 5, in 12 seconds for normal resolution,
6 and 7 at the Kensington which gives 480 by 350 points, or
Exhibition Centre. Vako Display 24 seconds for high resolution,
Systems Ltd, Pass Street, Werneth, giving 480 by 640 points. We rang
Oldham, Manchester OL9 6HZ. to check whether a decimal point
WW302 had been left out of the price, stated
incorporated. Hi-Tek Distribution
EXPANSION FOR Ltd, Trafalgar Way, Bar Hill,
POPULAR Cambridge CB3 8SQ.
WW309
MICROCOMPUTER
English is not the best language
that human beings could use from a
technical viewpoint, but what is VME-TO-EURO-6
perhaps more important, most INTERFACE
English-speaking people believe Connection between 68000 -based
that it is. Basic, the microcomputer circuit boards with VME buses
world's equivalent of English, is (VME is a bus standard for
contested by Forth, even in the Eurocard boards based on 16/32 -bit
domestic microcomputer world microprocessors, agreed by a
(note the introduction of a popular number of companies including
microcomputer from Jupiter Philips/Signetics, Motorola and
Cantab Ltd with Forth as its basic Mostek) and boards with a Euro-6
language). This purportedly more bus for 6800, 6802 and 6809 -based
practical language is also one systems is possible using Euroka's
subject of four plug-in cartridges VMEI interface board. With this
from Adda Computers. All four board, various Euro -6 -bus
cartridges, of which VicForth with input/output modules designed for
3Kbyte of additional memory is 6800 6802 and 6809 processor
one, are designed for the Vic 20 systems can be used with 68000
computer. One cartridge of the VME boards and, using a
remaining three has six 24V by secondary processor, software
10W relay -switch outputs and two written for the 6809 processor can
5 -to -12V-òn' d.c. inputs. The be implemented on 68000 VME
remaining two cartridges are systems. Clock signals can be
statistics -calculation and graph - generated for timing i/o boards in
plotting aids. A forth cartridge single -processor applications,
costs £38.95 including vat and the where the clock from a 6809
other three cartridges cost under secondary processor is not present.
£30 including vat. Adda Computers Hawke Electronics Ltd, Amotex
Ltd, Mercury House, Hanger House, 45 Hanworth Road,
Green, Ealing, London W5 3BA. Sunbury-on -Thames, Middlesex.
WW307 WW310
TURNTABLE KIT
POWER SUPPLIES Main elements of this basic
Open-frame power supplies turntable kit from Input Design are
providing 5V at 3A and 3.75kV a synchronous motor, glass platter
isolation form a new series from with felt mat, belt, spindle
ITT Power Components. components, instructions and base -
Efficiency of these units is typically plate drawings, leaving tonearm,
--
45% and output ripple 3mV pk-pk. control control plinth, base -plate and cover
lines but fers construction to the customer. The
A 10% input -voltage change 4
MRDY
produces an output change of SYSCLK 6809 drive motor, claimed to be used in
VME clock decks costing £350, is
±0.05% and transient response is AMO -6 > address
and
generator 1
a
manufactured for 110V operation
30µs for a 50% load change. address
Dimensions of the series 15 power
A17-23
modifier OTACN 6809 bus
arbiter *
r and an inefficient but cheap mains
supplies are 125 by 102 by 52mm. > decoder INTSEL DTACN
4 BREO
adapting device called a resistor is
STC Ltd, Edinburgh Way, genero tor BA,BS placed in series with the motor for
Harlow CM20 2DE. 240V operation. (Why not have two
WW308
IRfl1-7
Status
control.-
interrupt
/ IRQ
motors driving together?) The
vector NMI
-.
British manufacturers, who also
reg stars
r
produce another turntable kit and
an assembled deck, say they will be
VMA pleased to offer any advice,
4
1 MEGABYTE vME-6809 assistance or further information
DO -7 bsolation ED 0-7 about the product after purchase.
FLEXIBLE DISCS drivers 11 Each Home Constructor Turntable
A 51/4in flexible -disc drive similar Al -16 EAO-15 kit costs 49.50 including vat (an
1/
in appearance and interface ìntroductory -offer' price of £44
requirements to a standard 51/4 in will run until mid-December).
drive but capable of storing one Input Designs Ltd, Palace Street,
magabyte of data is available from Biggleswade, Bedfordshire
Hi -Tek. 96 -track double -sided 7 E-6 - SG18 8DP.
-
semaphore address
discs are recorded using the registers decode WW311
modified frequency -modulation C
technique through ceramic Professional readers are
invited to request further de-
read/write heads. Up to four CDC
9409T disc drives may be used with
one controller. Hard or soft
vvf
8k byle
tails on items featured here
by entering the appropriate
sectored discs may be used, and a
RAM
[dual part)
WW reference number(s) on
WV/310 the mauve reply -paid card.
write -protect function is

Versatower: TOROIDALS
A range of telescopic towers in static
and mobile models from 1.5 to 36 The toroidal transformer is now accepted as
metres with tilt-over facility enabling the standard in industry, overtaking the
obsolete laminated type. Industry has been
quick to recognise the advantages toroidals
all maintenance to be at ground level. offer in size, weight, lower radiated field and,
thanks to I.L.P., PRICE.
Our large standard range is complemented by our SPECIAL
DESIGN section which can offer a prototype service within
7DAYS together with a short lead time on quantity orders which
can be programmed to your requirements with no price penalty.
SERIES,SECONDARY PAS PRICE

* 294 TYPES TO CHOOSE FROM!
* ORDERS DESPATCHED
TYPE
No Veils Current
WITHIN 7
30 VA 11010 6.6 2 50
70x30mm 1:01I 9+9 RECEIPT FOR SINGLE
DAYS OF OR
0 4509 . 10012 12.12
1.66
1 25
£5.12 SMALL QUANTITY ORDERS
0,0a,a
Regulation
18%
10013
1.014
1.015
15+15
18+18
22+22
0.83
0.88
1.00
04,ro117
1010. n oe
* 5 YEAR NO QUIBBLE GUARANTEE
1:016 25.25 0.80
1:017 30+30 0.50
SERIESISECONOARY RIAS PRICE
TYPE
SO VA 2:010 6.6 4.16 No 1 Volta Current
80,350m 2011 9.9 2.77
0.9119 2.012 12.12 2.68 225VA 6.012 12+12 938
Regulation 2.013 15.15 C 110x450,1 61013 15.15 750
13% . 2.014 18.18
1
1
66
38 £5.70 2269 6.014 18+18 6.25
22.22
2.015
2.016
22+21
25+25 00
1
1
13 0, w
.001 0, +a
009+107,1
7%
6,015
6.016
6,017
25+25
30+30
511
4 50 £9.20
.7
2a017 30.30 0.83 3 75 .0;0a700
1010+ oe m 6,018 35.35 321
2.028 0 45
Designed in accordance with CP3 2.029
110
220 0.22 6,026 40+40 181 '1'1'1
101u 17
81
ea
21030 240 0 20 6.025 45.45 2 60
Chapter V: part 2: 1972 for a 80 VA 3:010 6+6 6.64

6,033
6.028
50+50
110
2 25
2 04
90,30mm 3.011 9.9 4.44
minimum wind speed of 85 mph in Kg
I 3.012 12.12 3 33
6,029
6.030
220
240 0 93
102
conditions of maximum exposure

Re9uIatan 3.013
12% 3.014
15+15
18.18
2.86
2.22
£lñ 08 300 VA 7.013 15.15 10 00
22+22 1.81 110, 50m00 7t014 18+18 8 33
and specified by professionals

3.019
25+25 1.80
"1"'"3a015
v111 m 2 6 09 7:015 22.22 6 82£10.17
3.017 30 +30 1. 33 10100 ro 1 Regulation 7.016 25+25 6 00 7.1 U.
31028 110 6% 7:017 30.30 500
world-wide where hostile 3.029 220
0 72
0 36 7,018 35.35 4 28 .11'1102 81
.y111 53
3.030 240 0.33 7.026 40.40 3 75
environments. demand the ultimate 7,025 45+45 3 33 ,01.1 ill 00
120VA 4.010 6.6 10.00 7,033 50+50 3 00
90x40rnm 4.011 9.9 6.66
n design, quality and reliability. 1.2 Kg 41012 12.12 5.00
7:028
7,029
110
220
2 72
38
Q 1
Regulation
11%
43013
4,014
15.15
18+18
4.00
7.73 £6.90 7.030 240 1 25
4,015 12+22 2 M pr,n 41 500 VA 8.016 25+25 10 00
Suitable for mounting equipment in 4.016 25+25 2.40 0a1 1 140,60100, 8.217 30+30 8 33
L
4.017 30.30
20
8,018 35+35 £13. 53
45+45' -'
2.00 4 Kg 7 14
TM. nab
the fields of: 4.018
4,028
35.35
110
I
1.09
71 Regulation 8.026
4% 8.025
40+40 6 25
555 '
4.029 220 0.54 8.033 50.50 5D0 'y0'f7x
Communications 4.030 240 0.50 8.042 55+55 4 54 '014i 18 26
8.028 110 4 54
Security surveillance - CCTV 160VA
110.400111
5.011
5,012
9.9
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889
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8,030 240 2 08
B Kg 5.013 15.15 33
Meteorology 5
1
Regulation
8%
5:07/
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18+18
22.22
4.44
3.63
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140.75mm
9,017
9,078
30+30
35+35
1041
8 92 [O.g C.13
Environmental monitoring 5,016
5,017
25+25
30+30
3.20
2.66
101.0101
0411 40
5 Kg
Regulation
9a026
9E025
40.40
45.45
7 81
694
£ 111
0-0[7x+
Geographical survey 5,018
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2 28
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Marine & aero navigation
Floodlighting .
IMPORTANT: Regulation -All voilages quoted are FULL LOAD. Please add regulation figure to
secondary voltage to obtain oft load voltage.
Airport approach lighting. The benefits of ILP toroidal transformers
ILP toroidal transformers are only half the weight and height of their laminated
Firther details available on request. equivalents, and are available with 110V, 220V or 240V primaries coded as follows:
For 110V primary insert "0" in place of "X" in type number.
For 220V primary (Europe) insert "1" in place of "X" in type number.
For 240V primary (UK) insert "2" in place of "X" in type number.
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WS8 7EX, England.
_
Telephone Sales (0227) 54778: Technical (0227) 64723: Telex 965780.
Telephone: Brownhills (05433) 4321.

(a division of
Telex: 335243 SEL G. I_P Electronics Ltd)
TRANSFORMERS
01-4521500 TECHNOMATI(: LTl) 01-450 6597
BB Micro Computer
All mating Connectors with Cables in
stock.
Now available from stock Full range of ACORNSOFT, PROGRAM
POWER & BUGBYTE SOFTWARE
BBC Model B £399 AVAILABLE
(incl. VAT) Phone or send for our BBC leaflet
(Carr £8/unit)
Model A to Model B BBC FLOPPY DISC DRIVES
upgrade kit £60.00 Single 51/4" Drive £200 + £3 p&p
Fitting charge £20. Dual 51/4" Drive £335 + £5 p&p
MEMORY UPGRADE ANALOGUE PORT KIT PRINTER & USER PORT

8 X 4816 AP -3 100nS IC 73, SK6 £7.30 KIT
£21.60 RS423 & VDU Port Kit IC 69, 70, 71 PL9, 10 £9.50
F.D. INTERFACE KIT £10.80 Bus & Tube Port Kit £6.50
I C 77-78 £70.00
OFFICIAL 000 DEALER
CASSETTE RECORDER
Sanyo Computer Grade Recorder
MONITORS 6 ACORN ATOM O
8K + 2K Built £135 12K + 12K
£24.50 + £1.50 Carr BMC BM1401 14" Colour Monitor Expanded £175
Cassette Leads £3.50 RGB Input 18 MHz Bandwidth
8K + 5K + Colour Card £170
Computer Cassette £0.50 ea. 400 dots at Centre 25 x 40 Char.
£240 + £8.00 Carr (Carr £3/unit)
£4.50 for 10 Atom Disc Pack £299 + £6 Carr
BMC 12" Green Monitor
Composite Input 3A 5v Regulated £26 + £2 Carr
18MHz Bandwidth
Atom PSU £7.00 + 70p Carr
Full Range of Atomsoft in stock.
£99 + £6.00 Carr
Phone/send for our ATOM LIST
PRINTERS EPSOM MX 80 and

SEIKOSHA GP 100A 100F/T3
NEC PC 8023 BE
100CPS, 80 cols
-C 80 cols 30 CPS MX 80 80CPS 80 cols
Single and Double Width MX 100 100CPS
Logic Seeking, Bi- Char. 136 cols
directional, Full Graphics, 10" wide Logic Seeking, Bi-
Forward and Reverse paper directional,
Line Feed, Tractor Feed Standard Bit Image Printing,
Proportional Spacing, Friction Optional 9 x 9 Matrix
Auto Underline, Now only £175 + £6 Carr Auto Underline
Hi -Res and Block MX 80 F/T3 £330
Graphics, Greek Char. Parallel Printer lead for BBC/Atom £13.50 MX 100 F/T3 £430
Set. Variety of interfaces, ribbons in stock. (£8 Carr/Printer)
Only £340 + Carr 2,000 fan fold sheets 91" x 11" £14 + £3 p&p
£8.00
MICRODOCTOR EP4000 EMULATING PROGRAMMER

This is not a logic ana- This EPROM programmer will accept most single and three rail eproms by simple rotary
lyser or an oscilloscope.
It tests a microsystem
switch personality selection. Output to TV and monitor. Comprehensive I/O Ports TTL -
and RS232 20 mA current Loop, parallel port, cassette I/O, printer port and DMA. £545 +
and gives a printed re- £8.00 Carr.
print on RAM, ROM and
I/O - it will print memory
map, search for code,
check dataline shorts and
P4000 PRODUCTION PROGRAMMER
This unit offers simple and reliable programming of up to 8 EPROMS simultaneously.
operates peripherals and Self -check - blank check - program and verify sequence built in.
even disassembles the £545 + £8 Carr.
ROM. BP4 - TI Bi -polar Prom Programming module for EP4000. This module will program
Microdoctor complete most TI devices and read equivalent devices from other manufacturers enabling copies
with psu, printer probe to be made. £180 + £6 Carrr.
cable and two configura-
tion board £295.
SOFTY II INTELLIGENT PROGRAMMER
The complete micro processor development system for Engineers and Hobbyists. You
MENTA can develop programs, debug, verify and commit to EPROMS or use in host computer
A sophisticated Z80 development system and trainer. by using softy as a romulator. Powerful editing facilities permit bytes, blocks of bytes
Powerful keyboard assembler and program debugging changed, deleted or inserted and memory contents can be observed on ordinary TV.
facility. Audible feedback on keyboard imput. Menta and Accepts most +5v Eproms
PSU and TV Lead £115. Softy II complete with PSU, TV Lead and Romulator lead £169
UV ERASERS BOOKS
UV1 B up to 6 Eproms £47.50 RUGBY ATOMIC CLOCK (No VAT p&p £11
UV140 up to 14 Eproms £61.50 This Z80 micro controlled clock/calendar re- CMOS Cook Book £7.75
UV1T with Timer £60.00 ceives coded time data from NPL Rugby. CRT Controller H/Book £5.95
UV141 with Timer £78.00 Programming the Z80 £11.50
The clock never needs to be reset. The facili-
(Carr £2/eraser) ties include 8 independent alarms and for Z80 Microcomp handbook £6.95
All erasers are fitted with mains switches and safety in- Programming the 6502 £10.25
each alarm there is a choice of melody or
terlocks. alternatively these can be used for electrical 6502 Assy. Lang £12.10
switching. A separate timer allows 6502 Applications £10.20
TRAINER KITS recording of up to 240 lap times without
interrupting the count. Expansion facilities
6502 Software Design
6502 Games
£9.05
£10.25
6502 Junior Computer 6809 Nanocomp II ...£80.00 provided. Large selection of databooks, interfac-
£85.00 1802 Micro Trainer £64.00 See July/August ETI for details. Complete ing books, books on BBC, etc in stock.
Ask for our list.
`6802 Nanocomp I £80.00 Full details on request Kit £120 + £2 p&p

74251 7416266 20p 4036 275p
7400 11 p
74259
65p
100p 74LS273 50p 4037 110p LINEAR ICs COMPUTER COMPONENTS MODULATORS
74265 55p 74LS275 225p 4038 110p 6MHz UHF
7401 1
5N76115N
7402 11p 74273 140p 74LS279 30p 4039 290p LLMM387 1298p0p
CPUs Z8OP10 2509 8728 120p 3
74276 7415280 100p 4040 40p ÁÑ7038 389 21SN76131
Z80A910 »Op 8195/96 SOp 8MHz UHF 76p
74278 7416283 40p 4041 40p AY1-0212 600p 19.1391 180p 126p Z8OCTC 250p CONTROLLER 8797/98 90p
7404 p 10Op 1802CE 650p 4609
127403
74279 50p 7415290 46p 4042 40p AY1-1313 668p LM392N 00p SN76477 460p ZBOACTC 290p 811595/96 Wp
7405 15p LM393 100p SN76488 2650A E12 CRT6545 1000
74283 50p 741S293 409 4043 40p AY1.1320 225p 460p ZBOADART CRT5027 E18 81LS97/98 80p CRYSTALS
7406 20p LM394CH 300p SN76660 6502 350p
7407 74284 180p 7415295 90p 4044 40p AV1-5060 99p 120p
6502A 500p CRT5037 618 9602 220p
740874
120D
74285 180p 74LS297 550p 4045 105p AY3-1270 750p LM709 349 SN87489 400p 6803 22e ZBOADMA E7 tÓ EF9365OPP EAB 9637AP 10sp 32.768KHz
7409 14p
4p 74290 100p 7415298 90p 4046 SOp AY3-1350 400p LM710 50p SN76495 400p 6802 asp Z80S10/1/2 O CM ZN425E-8 360p
74293 74LS299 200p 4047 45p AY3-8910 440p LM711 70p SP8515 750p 060p ZN426E-8 360p 100KHz 2
7410 149 LM725 747120 MC6845
74298 40p 74LS323 1813p 4048 AY3-8912 6259 300p 150p MEMORIES ZN427E-8 860p 200KHz 290p
7411 l 10Op
74LS324 150p 4049 Z4p AY5-3600 600p LM733 08p 7A7130 100p
6809 2 6509 MC8847 8609
ZN428E-8 SOOp Frog In MHz
7412 18p 190p 68809 612 SFF96364 E8
LM741 10p 747204 200p 21014A 400p 290p
7413 10p
20p7414
74366
7436574351
74367 35p
7415348
7416352
741S353
50p
80p
60p
4050
4051
4052
24p
45p
60p
AY5-4007D
CA3028A 120p
LM747
1M748
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309
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90p
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TMS9918
TMS9927
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618
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1.0
1.008
1.5
27Sp
450p
7416 1M1014 1509 7A7310 8039 á6O99
1.8432
74368 7415356 250p 4053 50p CA3019CA3046 BOp 160p
250
2111A 300p INTERFACE CONTROL 210p
7417 20p LM1801 300p TBA641AX1 2112-A 2.00
1 15 p 7415363 140p 4054 90p 80855 225p
7420 10p 1M1830 260p 350p6p
ICs
74390 7Sp 7416364 140p 4055 90p CA3048 22Óp 1NS8060 2114-21 100pOp ICs 2.45760 210p
7421
7422
20p
20p 74393 7415365 30p 4048 90p CA3059 111.41871 460p TBA6418X 811
TMS9980 820
2147 4609 2.5 250p
74490 95p 7416367 30p 4059 060 LM1872 400p 4027-3 á00p 505580.) 776p FD1771 E20 2.662 250p
7423 28 [24
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7425
7426
7427
24p
22p LIZEIZI
7415368
7415373
741_5374
30p
66p
660
4060
4063
66p
2'7p
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CAE
C412242 200p
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LM1889 200p
LM2917 200p
TBA800
TBA810
T8A820
300p1
100p
80p
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2609
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44ÓÓp AM25510 350p
AM25/52521
614 FD1791
FD1793
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3.276
3.5795
3.686
150p
100p
300p
7428 28p 741S00 11p
7415375 46p 0687 2'.p CA3090A LM3302 70p TBA920 200p 280138 812
4118-3 600p e2 F01797 E28 4.00 150p
74LS377 80p 4068 375p LM3900 SOp 113A950 7252 4164-2 800p AM26LS31 F08271 C41 4194 200p
7430 14p 741501 11p LM3909 65p TC9109 900p 4816AP-3 280p 126p WD1691 E15 4.43 110p
7415378 60p 4069 14p CA3130E 90p SUPPORT
7432 22p 741502 11p 4070 LM3911 125p TCA210 3i0p 5101 á00p 5M26LS32 WD2143 560p 4.608 250p
7433 22p 74/S03 7415390 45p 1494p 110p
12p 4071 149 CA3140E LM3914 200p TCA220 3600 DEVICES 5516 166p 126p 4.915 250p
7437 25p 741SO4 7415393 46p
12p 7415395 4072 149 CA3140T 9p
0p LM3915 200p TCA270 360p 61162-3 50e COM8116 800p 5.0 175p
7438 25p 74LS05 90p 3242 800p CHARACTER
129 07002
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74LS399 1800 4073 CA3160E 100p LM3916 2209 TCA940 175p 611612-3 750p 4M1p 6.0 150p
7439 25p 741508 12p 4075 14p LM13600 110p TCA965 120p 3245 651445 DAC80 E28 GENERATORS 6.144 150p
7440 741S445 100p CA3161 E 150p
15p 741509 12p 4076 CA3162E 460p M51513L 230p TDA1004A 6520 280p DM8131 276p 7.0 1ó0p
56p 741S10 741S490 200p
lip
16810
7441 12p M515161 500p 6522 310p 7489 210p 098304 603-2513 7.168 /75p
7442A 7415467 90p 4077 CA3189E 300p
32p 741511 1 3p M83712 200p TDA1008 3700p0p 65224 745189 3269 891 U.C. 750p 8.00 175p
7443 7415540 90p 4078
90p 741512 12p 4081 CA3280G 1200p M83730 400p TDA1010 200p 6532 ó[ì0p 745201 380p 058830 140p L.C. 700p 8.86 17Sp
7444 90p 741513 7415541 80p 14969
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20p 7416624 90p 4082 16p D7002 4002 MC1310P 160p 1041022 500p 745289 3259 SN74S262AN 10.00 1759
7445 50p 741514 30p 6821 1002 C10
74464 741515 7416629 90p 4086 Se DAC1408-8 MC1413 100p TDA1024 120p
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93415 800p DS8832 24Óp8 10.5 250p
1111p 12p
741.5640 1209 4089 MC1445 2600 TDA1170 300p 93425 800p 088833 2213P 10.7 150p
74474 38p 741S20 12p MC1458 36p TDA2002V 8840 0S8836 15Op 12.00 150p
7415641 1209 4093 HA1386 19200p6p KEYBOARD
7448 45p 741521 12p 68640 800p 058838
7450 lSp 74LS22 741_5643 hop 4094 HAI 388 2709 MC1493 100p
6850 110p
ROMs 226p 14.318 17áp
12p 74/5644 200p 4095 7519 C17106 700p MC1495L 350p TDA2003 326pp 1F13201 4150p ENCODER 14.756 250p
7451 15p 741526 12p 68650 PROMs MC1488
7453 741_527 7416645 lisp 4096 CL7680 200p MC1496 70p TDA2020 320p 66p
AY5-2376 700p
15.00 200p
15p 13p 7415668 120p 4097 7202 CL7611 959 MC33409 120p T1064 100p 6852 2á0p MC1489 óóp 16.00 200p
7454 15p 741S28 14p 4098 MC3401 T1071/81 25p 6854 745188 225p MC3418 950p 74C922 600p 18.00 200p
7415669 120p C18038 300p 50p
7460
7470
16p
35p
741530
74LS32
12p
13p
7416670 140p 4099 10pOp CM72168 616 MC3403 76p T/072/82 lip 68854
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745287
745288
304p 18.432 150p
7415678 560p 4500 5715p CM7217 750p MC3480 600p 11074 100p 226p ó60P
SAUD RATE 19.968 150p
7472 25p 74/S33 14p 4502 CM7555 80p MK50938 6369 71083 76p 8154 745387 3269 MC3486 610p 20.00 200p
7473 25p 741S37 7415682 400p
14p 7415684 400p 4503 CL7611 00p ML920 800p 11084 909 8155 360p 745471 6160p GENERATORS 26.690 150p
7474 20p 741538 15p 4504 759 LC7120 300p MM57160 020p T1094 2o6p 8156 35e 745473 Slop MC4024 377bpp 27.145 200p
7475 25p 74L540 12p 4506 1C7130 MN6221A 600p 71170 60p 8205 745474 lee MC4044 32159 MC14411 700p 38.6667 175p
745
7476 326p
30p 74LS42 30p 4506 1E347 NE531 1409 11430C 70p 8212 745570 1109 MC14411 S759 800p 48.0 175p
7480 359 16015
7481
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120p
741547
741548
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46p
4507 LF351 48p NE555 lip UA1003-3 9359 8216
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100p 745571
745573
860p MC14412 760p 47CO02M88118 760p 55.5 400p
4508 1p30p 1E353 96p NE556 46p UA2240 1150p 1180p ULN2003A 90p 116 300p
7482 86p 741S51 14p 74502 30p NE564 420p UAA170 8226 ULN2004A 90p 145.80
4510 LF356P 96p 170p UARTs 2130p
7483A 38p 74LS54 149 74504 30p NE565 120p ULN2003 8228 220p EPROMs 75107 1óp
4511 46p 1E357 110p 90p
7484 66p 74LS55 14p 74505 60p 4512 NE566 1569 ULN2004 75p 8243 2122 75110/12 180p AY -3-1015P DIL
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7485 LF13331 100p
80p 741563 120p 74508 60p 4514 124Ó NE567 140p ULN2068 290p 8250 8669 25161+5v) 75114/15 180p SWITCHES
7486 20p 74LS73 74510 40p LM10C 325p 8251 266p
18p 4515 LM301A 25p NE570 4109 ULN2802 200p 2602 75121/22 140p AY-5-1013P300p 4 way 70p
7489 170p 741574 16p 74511 66p 4516 LM310 NE571 400p ULN2804 150p 8253 3902 2532 751509 120p 6 way 86p
7490A 120p
20p 741575 l9p 74520 40p 4518 LM311 70p NE592 80p UPC575 276p 8255 2502 2564 75154 1402 00918017 8 way 90p
7491 35p 741576 17p17p 74530 40p 4520 LM318 769 NE55349 110p UPC592H 2O0p 8256 fie 2708 260p 75182 lOp 1146402
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7492A 74532 70p 27161+5v1
7493A 20p
24p 741585 74537 00p
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400p
75324 3760, TR1602 300p
TELETEXT
4526 SSp 1M324 30p 75381 150p
7494 369 74/586 15p 74574 75p 4527 60p LM334Z 90p PLL02A XR2206 3009 8271 C1ó 2732 75383 150p
7495A 35p 74/390 22p 74585 300p
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ZIF SKIS DECODER
4528 LM335Z 140p RC4136 80p XR2207
7496 40p 741591 BBp 74586 180p XR2211 8284 7602 75451/2 72p SAA5020 1100p
7497 Ile 74LS92 32p 745112 90p
4532
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200p
2209 XR2216 rasp 8288 n Op
2732(3505Ì 75453/4 72p
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24 pin SOOp SAA5030 900p
74174107 80V 741593
741595
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745114
90p
90p
4536 270p LM358P SSp SAA1900 XR2240 1809 3755
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28 pin n SAA5041 Ele
SA45050 900p
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4538 1000p ZN414 P0p
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74109 2p
2p 4L S6 940p
6 0p 745124 300p LM377 1759 E100
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4539 70p 161380 769 SAD1024A
36p 74/.S107 745132 110p 4543 ZN423E
74111 Sip 7415109 p 745133 80p 1M381AN 180p LOW PROFILE SOCKETS BY TI
74112 170p 741S112
4270p
745138 120p
4553 161382 1209 SFF96364 8860p00p ZN424E 1320pOp WIRE WRAP SOCKETS BY TI
2013 4655 ZN425E
74116 LM386 90p 51490 360p 360p
50p 7415113 209 745139 120p
74118 60p 7415114 745157 250p
4556 ZN426E 300p 8 pin 9p 18 pin lip 24 pin 24p spin
745158
4580 VOLTAGE REGULATORS ZN427E 13909 14 pin 10p 20 pin lip 28 pin 289._ 259 18 pin SOp 24 pin 70p
74119 lOp 7415122 1116p ZN428E 4109 lip 14 pin 359 20 pin 609 28 pin Mop
1
46156 16 pin 22 pin 22p 40 pin 0p
74120 60p 7415123 34p 745163 300p FIXED PLASTIC ZN 10346 16 pin 409 22 pin 869 40 pin 100p
4568 260p 2009
74121 25p 74/5124 90p 745174 250p 4569 ZN1040E 670p
74122 40p 7415125 745175 320p ZNA234 860p BFR96 1SOp TIP33A 709 2N3553 240p 40361/2
745188 4572 5V 7805 7905 46p TRIACS
74123 40p 7415126 150p 4583 7906 BFX29 40p T1P33C SOp ZN3584 2600 40408 902
74125 34p 741S132 745189 150p 6V 7806 440pOp
4584 40p TRANSISTORS BFX30 27p T1P34A 90p 2143643/4 489 40409 100p PLASTIC
74126 34p 7415133 26p 745194 320p 409 7908 4rp BFX84/5 40p 11934C 120p 2N3702/3
4585 769 72V 7812 40p 7912 46p 12p 40410 108p
74128 36p 7415136 25p 745195 5002 40014 AD161/2 46p BFX88/7 27p T1P35A 120p 2143704/5 12p 40411 300p
74132 7415138 745200 40p 15V 7815 40p 7915 469 34 400V imp
30p 27p 480p 40085 BC107/8 139 BFX88 27p 11P35C 1409 2143706/7 14p 40584 12015
74136 289 7415139 27p 745201 320p 18V 7818 IOp 7918 46p BFX89 180p 6A 400V 709
40097 46p BC109C 149 T1P36A 140p 2N3706/9 12p 40595 12Óp
74141 669 741S145 745225 100p 24V 7824 400 7924 46p BFY50 249 6A 500V 88p
40102 5V 100mA 78/.05 300 79L05
BC117 20p TIP38C 150p 2/43773 2259 40673 752
74142 12p 745241 390p 469 135 400V 769
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175p
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74144
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210p
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745260
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70p
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12V 100mA 78112
30p
30p 791.12 50p
BC157/8
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74147 lip 74/5154 191p 745262 1160p
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BC169C 12p BSX19/20 249 11954 180p 2143902 760p 16A400V 110p
18A 500V 130p
74148 80p 7415155 745287 226p OTHER BC172 12p BU104 226p T1P120 789 2/43903/4 19p BY127 12p
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74150
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50p
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33rp
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260p
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400p
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196p
LM309K 14 5V
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LM317T
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140p 78HGKC
BC182/3
325p 78H05KC
660p BC184
200p 78GUIC
200p BC187
225p 79GU1C
2259 BC212/3
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160p
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74157 745573 40373 180p LM323K 3A 5V 1N914
30p 7415163 900p 40374 1MIp 500p 79HGKC
700p BC214 12p BU208 200p 11593 30p 2N4871 80p 8A 600V 140p
74159 75p 741S164
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74160 60p 741S165 4000 CMOS 14500 7052 11494
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74161 48p 7415166 14668 200p 400p LM305AH 260p 8C337 10p BUY69C 3609 2TX452 4159 2145172 27p Sp 16A 400V 190p
74162 48p 7415188 4000 lOp 78540 2289 78H12 600p 6p
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74163 49p 7415169 86p 4001 1 14599 78P05 900p SG3524 3009 BC461 MJ802 400p ZTX502 10p 2145194 90p 1144005 80 MCR101 36p
290p
74164 48p lip 1144006/7 7p
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7415170 70p 4002 12p BC477/8 30p 501
MJMJ2%5 2289 ZTX504 2N5245 40p 11044 27p
74165 449 741S173 55p 4006 Se OPTO ELECTRONICS 8C516/7 40p ZTX552 65p 2145296 lip 1N5404/5
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14p 2143525 130p
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605478 14p MJ3001 ZTX652 lOp 2N5401 lsp 18920
19p 2144444 180p
150p 741.5175 40p 4008 36p BC548C 12p MJ4502 400p ZTX752 70p 8 40p Sp 2N5060 30p
74170 17415181 4009 249 74C925 E4 OCP71 1110p
12e
11178 6p BC549C 16p MJE340 90p VN66AF 72p 2145459 2N5064 36p
74172 27Épp 74/5183 121gOpp 4010 2 74C928 q ORP12 11131A 120p
90p
BC5578 14p MJE2955 100p VN10KM 60p 2145160 Mlp
40p BRIDGE
74173
74174
60p 7415190 36p 4011 11p 7216B
2N1040
618
670p
ORP60
ORP61
1209
1209 EIL 150
TI181
7Sp
BC559C lip MJE3055 70p VN86 80p 2N5485 44p
RECTIFIERS
56p 7415191 36p 4012 10p BCY70 l8p MPF102 40p 214697 26p 2145875 260p PCB
74175 60p 741S192 389 4013 BCY71 229 MPF103/4 214898 46p 2N6027
OPTO -ISOLATORS 30p 48p lA 50V lip
74176
74177
74178
40p
4 69
Mlp
74LS193
74LS194
7415195
p
3 6p
4014
4015
4016
46p
20p
ILD74
MCT26
110p
100p
TIL111
711112
70p
BD131
BD132
80135/6
75p
iOp
40p
MPF105
MPSA06
MPSA12
2N706A
214708
214918
30p
30p
46p
2148052
2146059
2146107
300p
326p
869
14 100V
lA 400V
lA 600V
20p
2159
MOUNTING
RELAYS
74179 90p 4017 MCS2400 194p T11113 2N930 30p
7415196 45pp 32p
IL074
70p 130139 409 MPSA13 18p 2146247 ifOp 2A 50V 30p
74180 40p 7415197 46p 4018 46p 240p 711116 709 BD140 40p MPSA20 2141131/2 36p 2146254 130p 6 or 12VDC
74181 115p 4019 2A 100V 36p
7415221 50p BD189 80p MPSA42 2N1613 2146290 Coil SPOT 2A
74182A
74184A
74185
60p
SOP
741_5240
7415241
66p
56p
4020
4021
48p MUM
0.125"
1220
710.2" Red
111222 Gr
10p
12p
BD232
B0233
80p
769
MPSA43
MPSA56
2141711
2N2102
259
26p
709
2SC1172
2501306
O6p
160p
100p
2A
3A
3A
400V
200V
800V 72p
440
lop 24V DC
8 or 12V DC
1009
90p 741.5242 56p 4022 446p T1L209 Red 10p BD235 9tip MPSA70 2N2160 350p 2SC1307 180p Coil DPDT 54
74186 470p TI1228 Ye 15p 4A 100V 96p
7415243 5152 4023 13p 111211 Gr 12p Rectangular 130241 800. MPSA93 2N2219A 266 2SC1957 80p 4.4 400V 24V DC
74188 250p 7415244 4024 100p
56p 32p TIL212 Ye 16p LEDe1R,G,Y) 30p
BD242 00p MPSUO6 2N2222A 26p 2SC1969 226p 6A 50V 240V AC
74190 48p 74LS245 4025 2N2389A 259 Bop
70p 13p BD379 90p MPSUO7 25C2028 960 6A 100V 100p 6 or 12V DC
74191 449 7415247 SOp 4026 DISPLAYS FND357 120p 813380 /Op MPSU45 2N2484 30p 2SC2029 260p Coil SPDT 10A
74192 459 7415248 4027 2N2646 65 400V 120p
66p 20p 80677 40p MPSU65 46p 2SC2078 200p 10A 400V 2009 24V DC
74193 449 7415249 56p 4028 40p NSB5881 670p FND507 lOp BF244B 36p T1P29A 2N2904/5 26p 2SC2335 250p 240V AC 2269
74194 459 25A 400V 400p
7415251 30p 4029 111311 0000 MAN3640 8E25613 SOp TIP29C 21429065 25p 2SC2612 250p
74195
74196
46p
469
74/S263
7415257
30p 4030
4031
le 111_312/3
1I1321/3
1109
130p
MAN4640 2000 8F257/8 32p 11930A 2N2907A
2N2926
26p 314128 120p
ZENERS
300 12159 BF337 30p 1193oC Sp 314140 120p
74197
74198
74199
49p
86p
Sip
741S258
741S259
7415261
óópp
1349
4032
4033
4034
SOp 111330
7750/60
131704
200p
1409
Mina.
9368
E191139
BFR40/1
BFR79
26p
26p
259
T1P31A
TIP31C
TIP32A
2143053
2143054
2N3055
30p
85p
/Sp
314141
314201
3142042
110p
110p 2.7V -33V
400mW 9p
140p$p 2509
74221 559 7415260 20p 4035 46p 01707 Red 140p 9370 300p BFR80/1 259 TIP32C 2143442 140p 1W /6p
PLEASE ADD 40p p&p

TEC HNON I :1 TI( : LTD & 1507o VAT
(Export: no V'AI, p&p al Cost)
MAIL ORDERS TO: 17 BURNLEY ROAD, LONDON NW101ED Orders from Government Depts. & Colleges etc. welcome.
SHOPS AT: 17 BURNLEY ROAD, LONDON NWIO Detailed Price List on request.
1.75.4
(Tel: 01-452 1500. 01-450 6597. Telex: 922800) Stock items are normally by return of post.
305 EDGWARE ROAD, LONDON W2

91
:* COMMUNICATIONS TEST EQUIPMENT
-MARCONI TF2002. AM Signal Generators.
* F. Pa RALFE ELECTRONICS 1.
* DC POWER SUPPLIES
APT.10459/8. Stabilised Regulated supplies: New
*
303:11
303:1111WEL STREET LON N N 7 TEL: 01-723 8753 stock arrival hence LOWER PRICES. Available in
** 10KHz-72MHz. Also 2002A/S available AM/FM
10KHz-72MHz.
MARCON TF8S6A. 2-216MHz. AM/FM }200 .4
preset output voltages between 6 and 30V DC (stete
requirements) ±4V approx. Three sizes available,
.* 5A, 72A & 10A. Prices £20, f25 & f30 respectively
* MARCONI TF10666I1. AM/FM Signal Genera-
tor. 10-470MHz 0.2uV-200mV output. FM De- (+£2 p&p & VAT).
2. Mullard Dual supplies. Pos/Neg 12V @ to &
** viation- up to ±100KHz from 30Hz-15KHz f560
MARCONI TF99S111/6. AM/FM Signal Generator. 91
4
0.4A. Dimensions 9x4x5". f10 ea. (+fl p&p).
3. Farnell Current limited. 13-17V DC @ 2A. f15. 27-
* * Narrow deviation model 995 covering 1.5.

220mHz £460
MARCONI TF1064&5. FM Signal Generator'4
.4 '32V DC @ 1A. f151+£1 p&p).
4. Lambda LXS Series supplied 110V AC Input. 5V
covering in three ranges 88.106 118-185 and @ 14A. E20 1+f2.50 p&p). Various other voltages
OSCILLOSCOPES * available from stock in small quantity.
**
le450-470MHz. Modulation FM fixed deviations 11
of 3.5 and 10KHz. AM fixed 3096;225
MARCONI TF791 D. FM Deviation meter £166 l4
4 OCz C01740 System.
Sweep Delay
DYNAMCO D7200. Mains/battery
portable. DC-15MHz f250
5. Coutant 5/6V @ 5A. Small size 17x5x3"1. f20
1+£1).
iTimebese £375 Variable 0-30V @ 1A. Volt-metered. £30.
*
6.
'Dour NOISE WEIGNTTNG FLIERS *
Cat. No. 98A. Noise weighting filters for CCIR/ARM
SOLARTRON CD1400. DC-15MHz
125
TEKTRONIX 565. Twin Timebase
COSSOR
£200
CDU150.
TELEOUIPMENT D53 £ 150

DC-35MHz
7. Farnell 5V Switching. 60A. f85.
sig0nal-to-noise ratio measurements. As new units. c/w two 2A63 Y -Amps (DC- TEKTRONIX 454. DC-150MHz
E4 each (+f1 p&p).
BECKMAN TURNS COUNTER DIALS

300KHz. lmV). £750
SPECIAL PURCHASE OF TEKTRONIX

* RF SIGNAL GENERATORS
ADVANCE Type E2. 100KHz-100MHz. Internal
*
Miniature type (22mm diam.). Counting up AM & Audio O/P. 1uV-100mV output. Price
to 15 turn "Heiipots". Brand new with 454 PORTABLE OSCILLOSCOPES each £50 inc. VAT.
e tronix 454 DC-150MHz dual -beam
mounting instructions. Only £2.50 each. oscilloscopes in stock now. 5mV/cm Y -am-
TAYLOR Type 68A/M. 100KHz-240MHz. In-
ternal Modulation. E60 inc. VAT.
plifier 11mV cascaded). 2.4ns risetime. All of these units are in full working condition'
BECKMAN TURNS COUNTER DIALS Calibrated sweep delay. We can offer and carry our usual 90 -Day Warranty. In both
these units in first-class operational condi- cases please add f2 each for carriage
Miniature type (22mm diam.). Counting up tion complete with three months' guar- -
; to 15 turn "Helipots". Brand new with antee fora once only price of E750.
mounting instructions. Only £2.50 each.
MARCONI Component Bridges. Models
* AUDIO WATTMETERS *
Switchable 1W & 10W FSD. Internal 3.5 & 8 Ohm AC f55
TF1313 and TF2700 in stock. 011
ADVANCE VM77D Millivoltmeters. 15Hz-4.5MHz. 1mV Full scale -300V *MIUJ-raT MEASUREMENT, ANALOGIE**!
MARCONI TF2600. Twelve ranges 1mV-300V FSD.
load impedances. Housed in grey enamelled case WOELKE ME104C. Wow & Flutter Meter £96 Wide -band to 10MHz.
6x6x3' . Large easy to reed 3" sq. meter. Scope, AVO Type 1 LCR Component Bridge. MARCONI TF2603. Frequency range 50KHz-1.5GHz.
output provision. f10 (+f1). WAYNE KERR AF Signal Generator Type S121 £75 High Sensitivity from 300uV.
HEATHKIT Model AW-IU. Internal load switchablej AIRMEC Wave Analysers Models 853 and 248A.
i
MARCONI TF2804. Electronic Multi -meter. AC/DC

3, 8, 15 & 600 Ohm. Meter scaled 0-50W (+del CENTRONICS P1 Printer, one only. AND Type 663 Printer. 300mV Full scale to 300V 11kV DC).
scale). 5 Ranges from 5mW-50W FSD. Maine "ROHDE & SCHWARZ SDR Signal Generator. 300MHz-1 GHz. ranged. AC Frequency range 20Hz-1500MHz.
powered. £26(+f 1).
MARCONI TR WA. 1mW-10W Full scale In 51
HEWL5TT PACKARD 608C Signal Generator. 10-480MHz AM.
BELL & MOWED. - 1
ranges. Impedances 2.5-20K Ohm in 48 steps.'
Direct calibration in Watts and dam. £65 (+f21.
CABLE & WIRELESS
Telegraph Signalling Twin DC
Power supply units. 240V AC
MICROFICHE VIEWER
Type SR5. Screen size 9x5". Re-
cent small quantity now avail. E56
* GRUEL é Ks10ER
Model 2006 Heterodyne Voltmeter. AM/FMNoltage
GPO JACK SOCKET STRIPS. 20-WAY Type 320 (3-

Input. DC output 80-0-80V. Di-
mensions 8x7x19". Model
*
TUSCAN SWEEPERS
Texscan Model VS40 Sweep Gen
* measurements to 240MHz.
pole) E2.50 ea. Type 520 13 -pole with switching

contacts) £4 ea. Please include 35p each for No. DD30. Price ea. E12.50. orators. 0-300MHz. Internal *'
postage on these. GPO type 316 jack plugs for Carriage f1.50. Markers. Also available Texacan ROTROM INSTRUMENT
above er ea. (10+ post free). Plus VAT please. .DU -88 X -Y Monitor.
PHILIPS Model PM6458/01 FM STEREO GENERA-

PLEASE NOTE. All the pre -owned equipment shown has been carefully
tested In our workshop and reconditioned where necessary. It is sold in
* COOLING FANS
Supplied in excellent condition, fully
tested.
TOR. RF Output frequency 1MHz Standardised first-class operational condition and most items carry a three months 115V, 4.5x4.5x1.5" E4.50. 230V f6.
)
Stereo multiplex output signal. As new with guarantee. For our mail order customers we have a money -back scheme. 115V. 3x 3 x 1.5" E4 + postage ea. 35p.
hj10PAPk. 195. Repairs and servicin to all equipment at very reasonable ratee. PLEASE
P.&R. COMPUTER SHOP

Happy Memories IBM GOLFBALL PRINTER 3982, £70 EACH + VAT
Part type 1 off 25-99 100 up
4116 200ns .83 .72 .66 NEW CENTRONIC 779 PRINTERS, £325 + VAT
4116 250ns .75 .65 .60 NEW CENTRONIC 781 PRINTERS, £350 + VAT
4816 10Ons For BBC comp 2.45 2.10 1.95 LA DECK WRITERS MODS. 35, 36 & 180, FROM £325 +.
4164 200ns 4.95 4.55 4.20 VAT. ALL NEW
2114 200ns Low power 1.15 1.00 .90 NEW CIFA VDUs. 1 ONLY £300 + VAT
2114 450ns Lower power .95 .85 .80 POWER UNITS 5 VOLT 6 AMP, £20 EACH
4118 250ns 3.25 2.85 2.65 FANS, PCBs, KEYBOARDS ANI) LOTS OF ODDS & ENDS
6116 150ns CMOS 3.70 3.20 3.00
2708 450ns 2.60 2.25 2.10 COME AND LOOK AROUND
2716 450ns 5 volt 2.60 2.25 2.10
2716 450ns three rail 5.75 5.00 4.65 SALCOTT MILL, GOLDHANGER ROAD
2732 450ns Intel type 3.95 3.45 3.25 HEYBRIDGE, ESSEX
2532 450ns Texas type 3.95 3.45 3.25 PHONE MALDON (0621) 57440
Z80A-CPU £4.35 Z80A-P10 £3.25 Z80A-CTC £3.25
6522 PIA £3.98 7805 reg. .50 7812 reg. .50 WW - 069 FOR FURTHER DETAILS
Low profile IC sockets: Pins 8 14 16 18 20 22 24 28 40
Pence 9 10 11 14 15 18 19 25 33
Soft -sectored floppy discs per 10 in plastic library case:
DIGITAL CIRCUITS
READY REFERENCE MANUAL
by Markus Price: L10.50
5 inch SSSD £17.00 5 inch SSDD £19.25 5 inch DSDD £21.00 COMMUNICATION CIRCUITS, READY, REF, MANUAL
8 inch SSSD £19.25 8 inch SSDD £23.65 8 inch DSDD £25.50 by Markus Price: £10.50
ELECTRONIC PROJECTS, READY REF MANUAL
by Markus Price: £10.50
74LS series TTL, large stocks at low prices with DIY discounts POPULAR CIRCUITS READY REF. MANUAL
starting at a mix of just 25 pieces. Write or 'phone for list. by Markus
ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
Price: £10.50
by Buchsbaum Price: £15.00

DIGITAL INTEGRATED ELECTRONICS
Please add 30p post and packing to orders under £15 and by Taub Price: £10.00
INTRO. TO PASCAL 2ND EDITION
VAT to total by Welsh Price: [8.00
Access & Barclaycard welcome MACHINE CODE AND BETTER BASIC
by Stewart Price: E5.50
24-hour service on (054 422) 618 MICROPROCESSOR DEVELOPMENT & SYSTEMS
Price: £17.00
Government and Edt'cational orders welcome £15 minimum MICROPROCESSOR SYSTEM DESIGN VOL II
Trade accounts operated, 'phone or write for details by Klengiman
* PRICES INCLUDE POSTAGE AND PACKING * Price:123.00
HAPPY MEMORIES (WW) MODERN

THESpecialist BOOK CO.
Gladestry, Kington in scientific and technical books
15/31 PRAED ST., LONDON W2 1NP
Herefordshire HR5 3NY PHONE: 01J02 9176 - Closed SATURDAY 1 p.m.
Tel: (054 422) 618 or 628 Please allow 14 days for reply or delivery
15W-035 FOR FURTHER DETAILS

Well worth looking into
TELEU I SION
October issue ON SALE NOW 80p new generation of drive units from KEF is now
A
available to the home constructor.
KEF's drive units have been improved in terms of
reducing audible colouration as a result of the detailed
GARBLEDEGOOK analysis of speaker vibrational characteristics, using
computer aided techniques.
A look at Teletext reception problems.
Now the improved units and complete technical data on
them are available to you to build a system to your own
FREQUENCY SYNTHESIS TUNING design or to use in any prescribed combinations to
We explain theory and practice behind something complete a system designed by KEF.
which is now becoming prominent in continental
and up-market British TVs. DRIVE UNITS
MICROCOMPUTER CONTROL
The concert and possibilities of future and present
uses in VCRs and TVs.
PLUS
TV4 VCR International
servicing - TV Standards
Chart
to pull-out and
Meiinex dome high frequency unit with extended
frequency response and wide dispersion.
Low colouration dome high frequency unit with
extended frequency response.
news- display. Notes
developments. on most B110A
countries' systems
GET A COPY TODAY and voltages.
te ere Compact, bass: mid range unit.

suitable for use In either a compact full range
system, or as a specialised mid range unit in a
multl-way system.
B139B
Long throw bass mid range unit, suitable for use
n either a compact full range system, or as e
'
specialised mid range unit in a multi -way system
B200G
4xtaceC(b9iV r rn
BY USING A La .
DIACROM
SPATULA Low frequency unit with toll -guessed expanded
polystyrene diaphragm and highly compliant
surround, suitable for lotady enclosed box, reflex,
Low mid range unit with vireo -elastic damped
Bextrene diaphragm and high temperature voli
roll assembly, suitable for use where low
transmission line, horn and other specialised low distortion and high power handling are required.
frequency appiirations.
Manufactured in France
British Patents applied for
No other cleaner has all these advantages:

1. Only 100% pure. natural diamond grains are utilised.
- KEFIX
The Fn Spcakt r ineers
- -- - - - - - -
2. Blades are treated with hard chrome to reinforce the setting of the diamond grains. to
obviate loosening or breakaway during use. This process also prevents clogging of the
diamonded surface by residues resulting from use.
KEF Electronics Ltd., Zbvil, Maidstone, Kent ME15 6QP.
3. All diamonded blades are rectified to ensure an absolutely smooth surface by eliminating
diamond grains which may rise above the surface. This eliminates all excessive Thlephone: (0622) 672267. Telex: 96140.
scratching during use.
4. All diamond grains are rigidly calibrated to ensure
200. 300 or 400.
a perfectly uniform grain size of either Please send me complete technical data of
I. The chrome gives a very weak co -efficient of friction and the rigidity of the nylon handle is KEF Drive Units
calculated to permit proper utilisation and yet pliant enough to avoid undue pressures on
highly delicate relays. 1 Name: 1
Grain size 200. thickness: 55/100 mm., both faces diamonded. For quick cleaning of industrial
relays and switching equipment. etc.
Grain size 300. thickness 55/100mm. both faces diamonded. For smaller equipments. like 1 Address: 1
telephone relays. computer relays. etc.
Grain size 400. thickness 25/100 mm.. one face diamonded. For sensitive relays and tiny
contacts. Two close contacts facing each other can be individually cleaned. because only one 1 1
-- - - - - - - -
face of the spatula is abrasive.
Sole Distributors for the United Kingdom 1 1

SPECIAL PRODUCTS (DISTRIBUTORS) LTD
W W/10182
81 Piccadilly, London W1V OHL. Phone: 01-629 9556
As supplied to the M.O.O., U.K.A.EA., C.E.G.B. British Rad end other Public Authorities;
alto major industrial and electronic users throughout the United Kingdom.
The Answer to Testing Questions
Intra Connector
Test Clips - Intra Switch
Logical Connections Logical Clips
- -
Ex -Stock Jumpers and Headers
IC TEST CLIPS
Provide full access to integrated circuit DIP leads. Solve probe attachment
problems. Simplify prototype and production testing, field service work,
Type Model Row -to -Row -Dim Prices
and quality control. Removes DIP's damage free. Non -shorting electrical
connection. Gold-plated phosphor bronze spring contacts.
923695 TC -8 .3 inch 6.30
923698 TC -14 .3 inch . 3.82
923700 TC-16 .3 inch 4.03
923702 TC-16LSI .5/.6 inch 7.59
923703 TC -18 .3 inch 8.48
923704 TC -20 .3 inch 9.80
923705 TC -22 .4 inch 11.10
923714 TC -24 .5/.6 inch 11,77
923718 TC -28 .5/.6 inch 12.94
923720 TC -36 .5/.6 inch 16.93
923722 TC -40 .5/.6 inch 17.82
LOGICAL CONNECTIONS
Type Model Remote End Termination Prices

Ideal for interfacing with remote logic analyzers. Simplify testing of
LSI-DIP's. Logical 923880-40 LC -400 No Connector 31.68
connection with 923881-40 LC -401 Socket Connector 33.56
40 -pin IC test clip. 923882-40 LC -402 Card-Edge Connector 34.48
923883-40 LC -403 PCB Connector 35.88
923884-40 LC -404 DIP Plug 32.13
We also supply logical connections for 16 and 24 pin. Ask for free colour
catalogue.
INTRA -CONNECTOR AND INTRA -SWITCH

EXCLUSIVE PRODUCTS TO AP
Type Model Contacts Prices Intra -Connector: Provides full access to lines. Permits quick testing of
previously improbable circuits. Provides both straight -in and right-angle
922576-20 Intra -Conn. 20 5.10 functions.
922576-26 Intra -Conn. 26 5.85
922576-34 Intra -Conn. 34 6.87
922576-40 Intra -Conn. 40 7.63
922576-50 Intra -Conn. 50 8.90
Type Model Contacts Prices
922578-20 Intra -Switch 20 10.18
922578-26 Intra -Switch 26 11.70
922578-34 Intra -Switch 34 13.75
922578-40 Intra -Switch 40 15 27
922578-50 Intra -Switch 50 17.82
Intra -Switch: Allows any line to be opened or closed. Permits instant hr.'
Both Intras ma e with standard .10" x .10" dua -row connectors. by-line switching for diagnostic or QA testing.
FLAT RIBBON CABLE ASSEMBLIES AND MALE AND FEMALE HEADERS
GREAT JUMPERS Choice of 3 types of end connectors moulded

on and factory tested Daisy chain and single -end also available.
Ask for Catalogue!
HEADERS For economical attachment of complete matrices
of .025" square posts to PC -boards for interconnection systems.
78 different types are available. Ask for Catalogue!
Lowest cost of mating two boards together
Please add f2.00 p & p 15% VAT to all prices.
1
+
AP PRODUCTS LTD, PO Box 19, Saffron Walden, Essex

Tel: (0799) 22036

MBE])
6F1. PARABOLIC
DISHES
FROM ONLY £85 PLUS V.A.T.
The ideal design of a loudspeaker system involves
the detailed and scientific study of the enclosure,
drive units and crossover network. By applying
computer aided techniques to the questions of
enclosure volume, band width, efficiency, power
handling capacity, probable systwn location and
required directional characteristics, KEF have
prepared detailed designs for the home constructor.
All this experience is now available to you - to
help you build your own system - successfully and
at the right price.
LOUDSPEAKER DESIGNS
Model CS5
This floor standing
loudspeaker, based on
6ft dia. for use in satellite reception and the KEF Carlton, can
microwave transmissions. 4gHz feed provide remarkably sharp
horns and electronics available. Please stereo imaging due to a
send s.a.e. for full details and data sheet. novel method of
Harrison Bros. Electronic Distributors
minimising inter-unit time
delay, and will produce a
full frequency range with
outstanding clarity and
22 Milton Road, Westcliff-on-Sea, Essex SSO 7JX low distortion.
Tel. Southend (0702) 332338
WW - 073 FOR FURTHER DETAILS Model CS7
A new three way design
fabgr.reBwnk
incorporating the B139,
which was the world's first
flat diaphragm loudspeaker.
Chiltern Electronics The system offers an
extended bass response and
excellent power handling
High Street, Chalfont St Giles, Bucks HP8 4QH capability, with the three
drive units being combined
through a computer
NOTE OUR NEW designed crossover network
to give a very smooth
ADDRESS!! frequency response
characteristic with finely
detailed reproduction of
We now have a superb new computer show- critical mid-range information.
room only 40 minutes from London where
hundreds of bargains are on display. Over
1000 sq. ft. of space is devoted to display of
processors, VDUs, printers, drives, key-
boards, power supplies, monitors and 1001
other items all at incredible low prices.
KEFI
Making it together
KEF Electronics Ltd., Tovil. Maidstone, Kent ME15 6QP.
Thousands of bargains for callers. Telephone: (0622) 672261. Telex: 96140.
NMI MI MI
Check with CHILTERN for .. . Please send nie details of KEF Systems Designs
*
LOWEST PRICES
*
LARGEST STOCK
*
BEST SERVICE
IName: '
IAddress: I
SURPLUS COMPUTER EQUIPMENT
SALE EVERY SATURDAY
Telephone Enquiries to: Chalfont St Giles WWnwax
(02407) 71234 ow gm I= MI NM Mil UM Mil Mil
,

YOU DON'T NEED ME TO DETECT
CROTECH'S VALUE
Its elementary. Just look at the 3030 at £150
and the 3131 at £240, both are 15MHz scopes with
5mV/Div maximum deflection coefficient. And the
Dual Trace 3131 has matched X-Y, Algebraic Add
and Subtract, and TV Trigger, all selected on easy
to use clearly marked push buttons.
But that's not all, both incorporate a Component
Tester, yes, even the Single Trace 3030, for the in
or out of circuit testing of semiconductor and
passive devices. With the resultant characteristic
being displayed directly on the CRT.
Theres only one thing left to say .. .
Do you want a Violinist?
For full details just fill in the enquiry card or call

us direct.
Crotech instruments Limited

5 Nimrod Way Elgar Road Reading Berkshire
RG2 OEB United Kingdom
Prices ex. VAT. Telephone: (0734) 866945 Telex: 847073 POWLIN G
r To:Marketing
EHDDSIflJ fi I
Department,
Room L214,
Then take a look at the October issue of IPC Electrical -
which reviews three new low- Electronic Press Ltd,
COMPUTER cost computers -
the Vic 64
from Commodore, the Colour Genie and the
Quadrant House,
The Quadrant,
MPF II from Multitech. Invest 60p in Your Sutton, Surrey
Computer and save yourself a lot of money! SM2 5AS
Also in this issue: Please send me 12 issues of
Word processing on the ZX81. Yes, it can YOUR
be done! And this article tells you how. COMPUTER
I enclose a cheque/PO for £8
A survey of commercially available UK/£ 14 Overseas, payable to
software for the BBC micro. IPC Business Press Ltd.
BBC micro -
Also the mystery of the control key on the
solved!
Pocket computer from Sanyo. Or, when
Name
is a calculator a computer?
regular advice column
All this, plus our
-
and pages of program listings. Get a copy
from your newsagent now or take out a
subscription by completing the coupon.
L='=
LOW COST LEVELL A.C. MICROVOLTMETERS AND BROADBAND VOLTMETERS are part of
our comprehensive range of test and measuring instruments.
These voltmeters give accurate readings over a wide range of frequencies.
They are housed in robust steel cases and are powered by long life batteries.
VOLTMETERS Mains power units and leather carrying cases are available as optional extras.
A.C. MICROVOLTMETERS
type
VOLTAGE & 150V, 50µV,150µ/ ... 500Vfsd TM3A
dB RANGES Acc. ±1%±1%fsd ±1µV at 1kHz,
-100, -90... +50dB.
Scale -20dB/+6dB ref. mW/600).1 £140
RESPONSE ±3dB from 1 Hz to 3MHz,
±0.3dB from 4Hz to 1MHz above type
500µV. TM3B
TM3B filter switch; LF cut 10Hz.
INPUT IMPEDANCE
HF cut 100kHz, 10kHz. or 350Hz.
Above 50mV: 10MS2 <20pF.

£156
On 50µV to 50mV: >5MS1 <50pF.
BROADBAND VOLTMETERS type

H.F. VOLTAGE & 1mV, 3mV, 10mV ... 3V fsd.
dB RANGES Acc. ±4% ±1% fsd at 30M Hz,
-50, -40 ... +20dB.
Scale -10dB/+3dB ref. 1mW/5011
£220
type
H.F. RESPONSE ±3dB from 300kHz to 400MHz. TM6B
±0.7dB from 1 MHz to 50MHz.
E
LE VE LU L.F. RANGES As TM3 £240
LEVELL ELECTRONICS LTD.
Moxon Street, Barnet, Herts. Tel. 01-449 5028/440 8686 +P&P and VAT
PORTABLE INSTRUMENTS
See us on Stand D1 at TESTMEX 82
EUROPEAN FIRST IN THE WORLD

FLOPPY DISK The ICM-12, synthesized, marine
hand -portable radio
DRIVES AT FEATURES:
-6 and 16 fitted as standard.
ATTRACTIVE 12 channels
No waiting for crystals, can be diode pro-
grammed between 156-164MHz.
PRICES
+ 2/3
height 5.25 inch drives
Automatic semi -duplex for private and
link calls.
Slide -on nicad pack recharges from mains
or 12V.
All reconditioned, as new, with 3 month warranty Lots of options, speaker mics, alternative
Single -sided £100 + £3 carriage + VAT = £118.45 battery packs, 12V leads, and desk charg-
CWO ea. ers.
Double -sided £160 + £3 carriage + VAT = £187.4 Complete with nicad battery pack, mains
charger, belt clip, earphone, rubber
CWO ea. antenna.
+ 8" floppy drives, reconditioned, as new with 3 Home Office type approved. RTD HP 105.
months' warranty PRICE £199.13 + VAT. Free carriage.
Single -sided £210 + £6 carriage + VAT = £248.40 Trade enquiries very welcome Ask for Phil-
CWO ea. Radler
We can also supply
Double -sided £270 + £6 carriage + VAT = £317.40 the ICOM IC100E and
CWO ea. IC410A VHF & UHF.
+ Also a few US made 51/4" single -sided floppy drives PMR Base and Mobile
at £60 ea. + £3 carriage and VAT = £72.45 CWO ea. transceivers. Fully ap-
proved, very compact,
Note all prices are CWO and cheques/POs should be built-in CTCSS and at
made payable to: "WW READERS ACCOUNT" very competitive
Manuals ,are £20 ea. post paid or £5 if ordered with prices.
drives Also the first synthesized hand portable -
Circle enquiry number below for details ICH2. Two channels, high band, Simplex or
Duplex. Dealers, forget your crystal problemsI
MELKUIST LTD
GUILDFORD STREET
35A
Dealer outlets
Stockley.
required, ask for Dave
LUTON. BEDS.
TELEPHONE: LUTON 416028 TELEX: 825828
Thanet Electronics
Herne Bay, Kent
143 Recuiver Road,
C/D ICOM
MLKST-G Tel: 02273 63859. Telex 965179

MARCONI AM/FM SIGNAL GENERATOR type
type..
hem fteat
No. TF10668/6S 10-470 MHZ in 5 bands £250 each.
No.
HEWLETT PACKARD RAS VOLTMETER type 3400A ImV-300V. 10HZ-10MHZ.......1150
Carriage f6.
I
BOONTON SIGNAL GEN POWER AMPLIFIER type 230A 10-500MHZ .........................£50
53
54
SANDES
&
type
VOLTMETER
K ELECTRONICOSCILLATOR ,
NOS 2HZ-700KHZ ....
£75
...........£75
-
2
3 HEWLETT PACKARD AUDIO SIGNAL GENERATOR type 205A6 .
56 GENERAL RADIO MICROWAVE OSCILLATOR type 1380811-I.IGHZ .....................1225 WAYNE KERB COMPONENT BRIDGE type
4 CLAUDE LYONS AUTOMATIC VOLTAGE STABILISER 288KVA. Compact........._._...DKr 56 GENERAL RADIO FREQUENCY/DISCRIMINATOR METER type 1142& 0-1.5MHZ....195 8521 (CT 375) Resistance 1mOhm 1000
5 TEKTRONIX AMPLIFIER type 1121.....
SES ABSORPTION WATTMETER type TG3300 2-1000MHZ; 100 Watts 50
_._ ..._..... £40
ohm......£100
57 HEWLETT PACKARD MEMORY DISPLAY type 54105 wie CONTROL type 54888 end MegOhm Capacitance 1pF -
5000Kuf Induc-
6
7 TEKTRONIX PLUG-IN type D Single Trace High Gain DC Differential.........._............FIG 58
Two Channel Input type 54165
GENERAL RADIO DECADE CAPACITOR 1413 with ANALOG OMIT COMPARATOR
1225
tance 1µH -
500kH- With copy of manual
8 TEKTRONIX PLUG-IN type E Single Trece Low Level AC Difhremial...._........._._...I2D 1782 end IMPEDANCE COMPARATOR 1164. ......... £150 ONLY £40 each. Carriage £6.
9 TEKTRONIX PLUG-IN type G Single Trace Wide Band DC Differential ..__............tö 59 STODDART RADIO INTERFERENCE & FIELD INTENSITY METER type N -M 52A £196
10 TEKTRONIX PLUG-IN type L Single Trace 30MHZ High Gain i25 60 KEITHLEY REGULATED HIGH VOLTAGE SUPPLY type 241 ... ._...._ .............._£145
AVO VALVE TESTER type CT160 (22 valve
.
11 TEKTRONIX PLUG-IN type M 4 Trace OC-20MHZ ...................................__._........__.1125 61 BRANDENBURGH HIGH VOLTAGE GENERATOR type MR50. .. £75
12 TEKTRONIX PLUG-IN type 0 Operational Amplifier ........................................_._.......£95 62 BRANDENBURGH HIGH VOLTAGE P.U. Model 105. Metered O-1511V. +/ ...._.....£100 bases) with copy of manual £20 each. Carriage
13 TEKTRONIX PLUG-IN type Q Transducer & Strain Gauge _._..._....__........_ ...............IM 63 BELtX POWER UNIT type CMT3001. ..+/-
.................... £40 £6.
14 TEKTRONIX PLUG-IN type R Transistor Rise lima ....................._.._._.__-..........._. £75 64 PLESSEY TELEGRAPH SIGNAL GENERATOR TOGTO ***TOMS type 70. Speed 50-15-
15 TEKTRONIX PLUG-IN type W Differential Comparator._._ ...................................._._£125 10012 ureitel_..._ .. .............. .Dì0 AVO TRANSISTOR ANALYSER type CT446
16 TEKTRONIX PLUG-IN type Z Differential Comparator_.....__......_ .......................__....fß 65 As Above but SPEED 45.5 -50 -75 .....
.... 130
with copy of manual £20 each. Carriage f6.
17 HEWLETT PACKARD LCR BRIDGE type 4ffilA......_.._._....._..........._ ...............__.......(795 88 RACAL H.F. SELECTIVE ANALYSER type 9056 .. ..QJS
18 HEWLETT PACKARD AMPLIFIER type 462&..........___......_.._._ ..... .........._.._.....Eö 67
19 HEWLETT PACKARD DC CURRENT SOURCE type 61818 0-100V; 0-25GUA............£125 88 RACAL 500MHZ DECADE DIVIDER type 9010.... 140 AVO SIGNAL GENERATOR No. 2 AM/FM AM
ffi FAST RESPONSE RECORDER type H3020.3 (3 channel) Brend new._._...._............_.£50 M RACAL AUTO FREQUENCY CONVERTOR type KOR 54OMHZ .. 1îD
HEWLETT PACKARD AUDIO OSCILLATOR type MD. 70 RHODE et SCHWARZ NOISE GENERATOR SKTU BN4151/7m 31880ktHZ...............£15
0.45-225MHZ; FM 20-100MHZ with copy of
21
22 HEWLETT PACKARD PULSE GENERATOR Model 211A. 71 R & S UHF TEST RECEIVER BN1523 280-9101AHZ ......... .150 manual £75 each. Carriage f6.
23 HEWLETT PACKARD DC MICRO VOLT AMMETER type 425A....... 140 72 R & S FREQUENCY METER VHF UHF 30 X0MHZ type W1D BN442 ...........................140
24 HEWLETT PACKARD OSCILLOSCOPE 182A with 180% end 1825A. 75MHZ Duel 73 R & S ATTENUATOR type DPR BN 18042/50 115 MARCONI COUNTER/FREQUENCY METER
Tracs Delayed Sweep -.-._í75O R & S RESONANCE FREQUENCY METER 33-500MHZ WAN 8144312/2......................£50
.........._.. ....... .. _..... 74 TF1417/2 with Convertor type TF 2400/TM7265
AVO VALVE TESTER type CT160. (72 vetue bee.,).................................................iffi
25
ffi AVO TRANSISTOR ANALYSER type CT448 ..._... __. -....._.£ffi
75
76
R & S WIDE BAND SIG GEN type SBF BNI8861 10HZ-10MHZ ...........
R & S SIGNAL GENERATOR type SMAR BN4123 30H2 3pMHZ ................ _.......£50
.
- 500MHZ £35 each. Carriage £6.
MARCONI UNIVERSAL BRIDGE type TF868A ...... ... ._....RO R & S CAPACITANCE METER 5H5201 .............._ ........ .í50
27
GENERAL RADIO DIGITAL TIME & FREQUENCY METER type 1151-A ......... 145
77
78 ISOLATING TRANSFORMER 210V Input 240V Output 1303 Waro ......................._.....115 TELETYPE PRINTERS KSR33 -
ASCII Key-
29
29 MARCONI (SANDERS) MICROWAVE POWER METER type 6588..__._..__..........__.1150 79 AUTO TRANSFORMER 14 KVA Pri Vohs 96240 Sec Votes 115. -
board £50. ASR 33 as above with 8-bit Punch
3) MARCONI UHF SIGNAL GENERATOR type TF1060_-_..........__.._..._...........__..._.....£95 63 DC SERVO MOTOR 110V 255 Cont. Double Shaft. 4 win 4 brush. New_ ................_£15 and Reader £75. Carriage £6 each unit.
MARCONI FM SIGNAL GENERATOR type TF1077/1 19.7-1025MHZ.....__...._...........130 JLT TRANSISTOR AC. VOLTAGE REGULATOR MODEL LT-7100625 Rating NON £40
31
32 MARCONI SUPPRESSED ZERO VOLTMETER type TF1377 ................................_.........115
81
82 WAYNE KERR AUTOBALANCE CAPACITANCE BRIDGE type BSI( ........................... ß
33 MARCONI VARIABLE ATTENTUATOR type TF1071 /23 ICT4211 ........125 83 PNIUPS VIDEO COLOUR TEST GENERATOR tytyppes PKë621 No cam .......................ít16
DATA MODEM SINE & SQUARE
34 ERNST TURNER 2011V ELECTROSTATIC VOLTMETER 8 nth.._._ ................................tä M PHIUPS FM STEREO GENERATOR type PU616E. Sepam(' L & R Signale Carrier Fray WAVE AUDIO
35 MARCONI AM/FM SIGNAL GENERATORTF S (C14021 15-1204142............1160 IXMHZ +/-
1% RF O/P 3mV pk-pk £125 COWNS TMX 202G
36 MARCONI AC MILL)VOLTMETER type TF280010HZ-5MHZ ImV 300V ...£55 85 PHILIPS COMPARATOR 271KHZ _130 115/230V Operation GENERATOR
37 B & K ACCELEROMETER PREAMPLIFIER type 2620.... ...... ...130 88 PHILIPS AUTOMATIC ELECTRONIC VOLT OHM METER type PM24% .. _..... .£20 Complete with type TE -22, 20HZ-
38 B & K DEVIATION BRIDGE type 1503.. _.._-. _...._. ........150 81 B & K AUTOMATIC VIBRATION EXCITER CONTROL type 1018... _. .£50
information 200KHZ. Portable as
39 B & K DEVIATION BRIDGE type 1504.. _...... . _....... _..__.165 88 HEWLETT PACKARD DC POWER SUPPLY type 64488. 0-600 Vohs 0-1 5 Amps_..1295 new
8 & K MICROPHONE AMPLIFIER type 2802....._._........_._.._..........._....._.............._._..155 BRANDENBURG REGULATED HIGH VOLTAGE. P.U. type 921R. O-100a(V, 0-1MA £150 ONLY £25 each
40 89 ONLY £35 each. P&P
41 B & K MICROPHONE AMPLIFIER type 305._.._............_..........._ .......... .
90 ADVANCE PULSE GENERATOR type PG5002D ET .. ............ .170 P&P £5
£4
42 B & K BEAT FREQUENCY OSCILLATOR type 1013... 91 GAUMONT-KAUFE FLUTTER M type 1740 ................_................_....................130
43 B & K BEAT AUTOMATIC VIBRATION EXCITER CONTROL type 1018..._..._.._......_..£50 92 ADVANCE SIGNAL GENERATOR LF. type 81515HZ-200KHZ ......... .175
ADVANCE BATCH COUNTER type 4841.......
MULTIMETER
93 ._._....... - .£20 ISOLATING Russian Type 4324
& K FREQUENCY RESPONSE TRACER type 4707. ................................... íffi0 ADVANCE AUDIO SIGNAL GENERATOR type JI ......................_........ .130
45 B 94 TRANSFORMER AC/DC volts; AC/DC
46 SOLARTRON/SCHLUMBERGER SYNTH. SSB GENERATOR type SSB30 with MOD- 95 ADVANCE SIGNAL GENERATOR type E2 I40KHZ-100MHZ .. .145
ULATOR MAX 10HZ-32MHZ ._.... ._._..... ....... ._...£950 96 PYE SCALAMP 40KV RMS Max ELECTROSTATIC VOLTMETER ....................._...._._£55
240V input 240V current; ohms, etc.
300 baud .._..1225 .........135 Output 1300 Watts Brand new, boxed
47 TEXAS SILENT 700 PRINTER Model KSR733 _..._.. 97 PYE SCALAMP 20L(e RMS Max ELECTROSTATIC VOLTMETER ...
_...... ........£ .. £15 each. Carr. f6 E12.50 each
48 BRADLEYMULTIMETER type CT471C ......_....... 88 RANK ABENA E.H.T. METER 6301CV... ....... ...... .135
P&P £2.50
49 MOSELEY WAVEFORM TRANSLATOR type 101 ....................................................£50 99 SINE & SQUARE WAVE AUDIO GENERATOR type TE 22 ZOHZ IWKI/Z .....................fl5
50 HOUSTON INSTRUMENTS LOG VOLTMETER -CONVERTOR Model HLVC150....._....£:0 100 BLACK & WHITE ffi" MONITOR by IKEGAMI type PM2O1TS. Solid State. £96
51 POLARAD FIELD STRENGTH METER type FIM-B2 with RF Tuning Unit FIM -X2 13190- 10% DISCOUNT ON AU. ORDERS RECEIVED
10£02% HZ .. .... ...... E9£ BY SEPTEMBER 30th
52 HEWLETT PACKARD DIGITAL VOLTMETER type 34888 with AC CONVERTER type PLEASE CHECO AVALAINLITY BEFORE ORDERING For further details please contact
_........... COMPONENT LIST AVAILABLE SA. E. OR PHONE
341A. / 0054%... _... __....
Dwayne Stewart
BARCLAYCARD (VISA) and ACCESS taken. Official orders welcome All units £6 carriage. Plus V.A.T. on total
NORWOOD ROAD, READING

IIULF M EA
CALLERS VERY WELCOME STRICTLY BETWEEN9am-1pm and 2-5Dm Monday to Saturday inc.
(2nd turning left past Reading Technical College in King's Road then first right
TELEPHONE NO. READING 669656
-
LTD
look on right for door with "Spoked Wheel")
19" Rack Mounting Cabinet - Or Free Standing swtcrtcaa.t --- XLR CONNECTORS
£23-.25- Line Female A3F
Line Male A3M
£1.59
£1.38
Chassis Female D3F
Chassis Male D3M
_. E2.O4
E1 19
£19.50 4, 5, 6 and -pin vers',ores and large selection audio adaptors available
7
OFFER
N EU T RIK
Latchless Chassis NC3-FZ £0.67
XLR CONNECTORS
Latchless Chassis Male NC3-MZ £0.59
line Female NC3 FCC .. £1.34 Line Male NC3-MC. £1.15
ENDS Chassis Male NC3, MP.
-
Female Chassis NC3.FP ... £1.65 £0.87
4,5 -pin, PCB and black versions and large selection of audio adaptors available
SOON XLR LNE MAIN SERIES
Front Panel 480x150 mm. Rear Case 425x250x140 mm XLR LNE 11C £3.87 XLR LNE 12C. _... £3.76
*panel
..
Top, bottom and rear cover removable for access * Plates have heavy duty grey paint finish * Front
..
XLR LNE 32 ... £2.89 XLR LNE 31 E4.14
is heavy gauge - 3mm aluminium * Strong, screwed, construction throughout - screws
included * Heavy gauge chassis mounting plate pre-drilled and has four mounting positions to
is BELCLERE AUDIO TRANSFORMERS
choose from * Front panel is of brushed aluminium finish enhanced with haeavily chromed handles * EN8422 Ratio + 1.2 +. 2 Freq. 40MHz-35KHz. PRI 150/600!1, sec. 800/2.41(71 £4.16
EN6423 Ratio 1 + 1:8.45 + 13.46. Freq. 40HZ -25KHz. PRI 150/6000. eec. 6.25K/25K71 £4.16
Many sold to TANGERINE' users and INDUSTRY SKT-723 MuMetal Screening can, 39dB reduction 50Hz ext. field £130
Trade enquiries welcome: quantity discounts available. All prices subject to V.A.T. Call, write or
telephone. Minimum order E10. Please add £2 postage. Access, Amex. Barclaycard.
ADD VAT AT STD. RATE & ORDERS UNDER £5. P&P 50p ABOVE ITEMS £1 P&P
KELSEY ACOUSTICS LTD. roles
Ask for our FREE Catalogue
'metal
1P2T
SLIDE
SWITCHES
2P2T pcb
10p
12p J Q
28 POWIS TERRACE, LONDON W11 1JH
01-727 1046/0780
W W -1)59 FOR FURTHER DETAILS
- BARCLAYCARD!
Ji
cabinets' 2P2T 12p O A.

2P3T
1P4Tpcb
20p
26p
,t 04
4,}
a
b
c
£1.70
£2.55
£3.04
4P2T pcb
4P3T pcb
28p1.
35p
ScheTronics
d £4.08 6P3T pcb
4P4T pcb
42p
45p
Limited
For repair and calibration of test equipment.
Bridge WO -005 16p
l We also have the following second user LF/HF equipment for
These are beautifully manufactured cabinets with an aluminium a - 102(d) x 56(h) x 83(w)mm
sale.
base and 18 gauge steel covers. They come fitted with rubber b - 150(d) x 61(h) x 103(w)mm Siemens return L bridge R 273 complete 1 mghz to 100 mghz £850
feet (to please the wife), louvred for ventilation and finished in
c - 150(d) x 76(h) x 134(w)mm Marconi 2600v -v £175
d - 184(d) x 70(h) x 160(w)mm
an attractive two tone finish. They make excellent cabinets for
at
power supplies, remote control units and many more projects. Hatfield SLM 1001 30HZ to 30KHZ £150
DIODES 1N4002 3p - Siemens 17 mghz pair
Siemens level difference meter D2003 300HZ to 2mghz
£375
£350
-
EÍ
1884148-241 18843441
00
Siemens Pegamat spares.
1884001 341 1884004 541
TRADE Unit 10, Dunstall Estate

RE AY A (1Ut Moat Lode, Stock Chase P.O.A. Crabtree Manorway
MALDON, Essex, UK 'SEIKO' Belvedere, Kent DA17 6AW
PRODUCTS Tel: 0621 57242 10am-8pm Mon. -Sat. 30wiron
17.95 Telephone: 01-311 9657
98 W,RELESS WORLD OCTOBER 1982

TV&
111111311111111111111111111
1111111
dia
FM Test
111M1111111
instruments set the pac

Ell :=11
r
-4 1 I
When you select an instrument

from the Leader range, you get
2211.1
more than just sound engineering.

That's guaranteed - by rigorous
quality assurance at manufacture,
and a one year warranty.
A broad range that covers most
II
ii
Oscilloscopes
11111 11113
areas of test, measurement and

calibration, with advanced features
and high specification as
standard. Prices that are lower
than you'd expect are the bonus.
Colour Bar Pattern Generators Probes, covers, hoods and
Sweep and Marker Generator pouches are all available to en-
hance the application potential and 4 to 50mHz
CRT Tester Single, Dual and Quad trace
-th ndar
Field Level Checker ensure that Leader instruments set
the pace for others to follow. Delayed sweep
Signal _evel Meter Wide bandwidth
High Voltage Metered Probe High sensitivity
Signal Generators High accuracy
Battery operated
Audio Test
ELEC1 ONICS ITED General Test
LCRBridge
Semiconductor
Curve Tracer
Transistor
Testers
Logic Probe
Generators
Attenuators
System Analyser
Audic Tester
Disto-tion Mete-
Equaliser Amp
Wow and Flutter Meter
Fregi ency Response Recorders Power Supplies
Millh.oltmeters Laboratory bench type
Log Amplifier 5 models
Speaker Analyser 500mA to 5A
Overload Protected
WW - 09¢ FOR FURTHER
DETAILS Thandar Electronics Ltd,
London Road, St. Ives,
Huntingdon,
Cambridgeshire
PE17 4HJ England.
Tel: (0480) 64646.
Telex: 32250.
HF ANTENNAS
ambit®
THE MOST COMPREHENSIVE RANGE OF COMPONENTS, KITS
INTERNATIONAL *
*
MODE; Full half wave
operation.
BANDS; Up to 4 spot
AND MODULES IN THE WORLD & THERE'S ONLY ROOM FOR A frequencies.
FRACTION HERE, GET THE CATALOGUE AND FIND THE REST.
CMOS-TTL
4001 0.11
:
7415104515 1.25 0.12 7415138 0.30
* POWER; Receive
800W (PEP).
to
4007 0.13 4516 0.80 741511 0.12 7415139 0.30
*
4009U8 0.25 4518 0.35 741512 0.12 7415145 1.20
4010 0 30 4520 0.60 741513 0.20 7415151 0.30
4011 0.11 4521 1.30 74LS14 0.30 74L5153 0.27 SWR; Better than 1.5:1
741520 7415154
4012 0.14 4522 0.89 0.12 0.99 on channel.
4013 0.25 4526 0.60 741521 0.12 7415155 0.35
4018 0.22 4527 0.80 74L522 0.12 7415156 0.37
4017 0.40 4528 0.65 741526 0.14 7415157 0.30
4019 0.38 4529 0.70 74LS27 0.12 7415158 0.30
4020 4531 0.65 741528 015 7415160 0.37
4021
0.55
0.55 4532 0.80 741530 0.12 74LS161 0.37 THE SMC TRAPPED DIPOLE ANTENNA
4022 0.55 4534 4.00 741.032 0.12 7415162 0.37 has been developed to satisfy the needs of commerical and military users. It is capable of
4023
4024
0.15
0.33
4536
4538
2.50
0.85
74LS33
74L538
0.15
0.14
74L5163
7415164
0.37
0.40
-
operation between 2 and 30 MHz on as many as four spot frequencies each capable of
4025 0.15 4539 0.80 741.040 0.13 7415165 0-80 accommodating many channels. Excellent matching and efficiency with a single coaxial
4027 0.26 4543 0.80 74L542 0.30 7415168 0.70 feed is offered by the use of SMC H1Q traps and the incorporation of a ferrite balun in a
O 4030 0.35 4549 3.50 741547 0.35 741.5169 0.85 full half wave design. NB: Power absorbing terminating resistors are not employed. The
t 4043 0.50 4553 2.70 741S48
741549
0.45 7415170
)615173
0.90 antenna may be deployed using one or two support masts, installation (incorporating SMC
4044 0.60 4554 1.20 0.55 0.60
M 4046 0.60 4555 0.35 741551 0.13 7415174 0.40
light duty portable masts) can be easily effected by two people in half an hour.
4a 4049UB 0.24 4556 0.40 741554 0.14 7415175 0.40
M 4050 0.24 4557 2.30 741555
741573
0.14 741,5181
741St 90
1.05
aa 4051 0.55 4558 0.80 0.21 0.60
W 4060 0.75 4559 3.50 741574 0.16 7410191 0.60
4066
4068
0.30
0.16
4560
4561
2.50
1.00
74L575
741076
0.22
0.20
7415192
7415193
0.45
0.42
HF SSB TRANSCEIVER FT180 "PIONEER" HF SSB
et;
O 4069U8 0.14 4562 2.50 741578 0.19 7415194
7415195
0.35
TRANSCEIVER. 1.8-18MHz, 6
4070 0.16 4566 1.20 741583 0.40 0.35
M 4071 0.16 4568 1.45 741585 000 7415196 0.55 channels 100 watts RF output
4072 0.16 4569 1.70 741586 0.14 7415221 0.50 measuring only 95(H) e 240(W)
4073 0.16 4581 0.18 741590 0.28 7415240 0.80 x 310(D)mm and weighing 6kg.
4075 4572UB 741092 7415241 0.80
0.16 0.22
741593
0.31
7415242 0.70
May be operated as a base or
irí 4076 0.55 4580 0.31
4077 0.18 4581
3.26
1.40 74L595 0.40 7415243 0.70 mobile transceiver, comple-
,-r 741596 menting our trap dipole and
4078 0.18 4582 0.70 1.20 7415244 0.60
4081 0.12 4583 0.80 7415107 0.25 74LS245 0.80 HW4 mobile aerials. Prices start
ud 4093 0.30 4584 0.27 7415109 0.20 7415257 0.40 at £500, making this unit not
4175 0.80 4585 0.45 7415112 0.20 741_5258 0.37
pa 4502 0.60 40174 1.05 74L5113 0.20 7415260 0.50 I only very attractive but highly
R 4503 0.50 40195 1.08 7415114 0.19 7410266 0.22 competitive.
7 4506 0.70 741_000 0.10 7415122 0.35 7415273 0.70
LI 4507 0.37 741501 0.10 7415124 1.80 7415279 0.35
4508 1.50 741502 0.11 74L5123 0,35 7415365 0.32
4510 0.55 741003 0.11 7415125 0.24 7415366 0.34
N3 4511 0.45 74LSO4 0.12 7415126
7415132
0.24
0.42
7415367
74L5368
0.32
0.35
SOUTH MIDLANDS COMMUNICATIONS LTD.
4512 0.55 741505 0.13
N 4514 1.25 741508 012 7415133 0.24 7415373 0.70
OSBORNE ROAD, TOTTON Telex: 477351 SMCOMM G
w '
r.7 Memory Micros Linears: SOUTHAMPTON SO4 4DN Tel: Totton (07031867333
O
ä LM1OCN
L149
3.88
1.86
SL1611
SL1612
1.60
1.60
K84433
K84413
1.52
1.95
U265
U266
3.16
2.43
U237B 1.28 SL1613 2.06 K84436 2.53 LC7137 7.50
tA
d U2478
U257B
1.28
1.28
SL1620
SL1621
2.17
2.17
KB4437
K84445
1.75
1.29
ICM7216B
ICM7216C
19.50
19.95 WW - 044 FOR FURTHER DETAILS
U2670 1.28 SL1623 2.44 K84446 2.75 1CM72174 9.50
LM324 0.45 511625 2.17 NE5044 2.26 SP8647 6.00
rn LM339N 0.66 SL1630 1.62 MC5229 9.60 95H90 7.80
LF347 1.60 SL1640 1.89 SL6270 2.03 HD10551 2.45
d LM348 0.90 SL1641 1.89 SL6310 2.03 HA12009 6.00 THE POWERFET
U
Q
LF351
LF353
LM38ON
ZN419CE
ZN427E 8
0.49
0.76
1.00
1.98
6.28
TDA2002
ULN2242
ULN2283
CA3089
CA3130E
1.25
3.05
1.00
1.84
0.80
SL6440
SL6600
SAS6610
SL6640
516690
3.38
3.75
1.48
2.75
3.20
4044015
4044752
Z804
Z804 P10
4.45
8.00
MC145151P 6.00
3.75
3.50
Cpantechnic SPECIALISTS
2.35 Z804 CTC 4.00

W
U NE544
NE555N
180
0.20
CA31307
CA3140E
0.90
0.46
SL6700
SAS6710 1.48 Z8OA DMA 9.95 POWERFET AMPLIFIER MODULES
N 1.98 CA3189E 2.20 LS7225 3.65 Z80A DART 7.50
SL560C
1x 1.27 ICM7555 0.94 Z804 510.1 11.00 The people at Pantechnic have been designing with powerfets since they first
a NE564
NE 567
4.29
1.30
CA3240E
MC3357 2.85 ICL8038CC 4.50 Z804 S10 2 11.00 became commercially available. Their experience of powerfet amplifiers, coupled
F u4741CN 0.20 ULN3859 2.95 TK10170 1.87 Z804 0109 9.95
y 1M3900 0.60 TK10321 2.75 28001 65.00 with their insight into the sources of non -linearity often neglected by others, has
18A820M 0.78
ZNA1034 2.10 LM3909N 0.68 HA11223 2.15 8255 2.58 resulted in a new range of powerfet amplifiers that are fast, tough, linear and
LM1035 4.50 LM3914N 2.80 HA11225 1.45 6800P 2.90 cheap.
TDA1062 1.95 KB4412 1.95 H412002 1.22 6809 8.75
O
a TDA1083
TDA1090
1.95
3.05
K84417
6844208
1.80
1.09
H412402
H412411
1.95
1.20
6802
68400P
3.50
4.25 MODEL
POWER RANGE
(Continuous RMS) TYPICAL LOADS NOTES
W HA1197 1.00 694423 2.30 HA12412 1.55 68B00P 4.65
PFA 100 50W -150W 411, 812 Physically small
MC1350 1.20 K84424 1.65 LF13741 0.33 2114L2 1.49
F 481370 90 KB4430 2.30 MK50375 3.85 4116 2 1.59 30mm x 79mm x 108mm
HÁ1388
1
2.75 684431 1.95 MM53200 3.90

2.27
2732
2716
4.00
3.00
PFA 200 100W -300W 411,811 f
High Watts per ratio
SL1610 1.60 K84432 1.95 U264 25A continuous output
PFA 500 250W-600W 211, 411,8111
W
AND THERE'S PLENTY MORE IN THE CATALOGUE 70p inc. current
PFA HV 200W-300W 4f), 811, 1611 5dB dynamic headroom
pq
Drives 70V line direct
Coils, Filters: Toko, Murata, NTK, Cathodeon.
W Key features:
SFE6.0MA 0.80 CDA10.7MA 0.70 10M15D 14.50
W CFSE10.7 0.80 SFE27MA 0.94 LFB4 1.95 RELIABLE - Powerfet freedom from thermal runaway and secondary
SFE10.7MA 0.45 SAF10.7MC-Z 3.75 LFB6iCFU455H 1.95 breakdown
CFSB10.7 0.50 MF45510AZ12118.55 LFB8 1.95 LINEAR - TID zero, IM/THD < 0.01% full power, (mid band THD
SFE10.7MJ 0.50 MFL45501L 11.95 LFB10 1.95 doein to 0.0015%)
SFA10.7MF 0.75 10M15A 1.99 LFB12lCFU455F 1.95 FAST - Slew rate >30V/µS,(45V/µS typical)
SFE10.7ML 0.70 21M15A 3.45 LFH6Sl QUIET - Signal to noise ratio 120d13
SFE10.7MX 0.95 45M15A 5.95 CFW455HT 2.45 BRIDGEABLE - (100, 200, 500 without extra circuitry)
CFSH10.7M1
CFSH10.7M2
0.50
0.50
10M22D
10M8D
17.20
15.50
LFH8S
LFH12Si
2.45 STABLE - Unconditionally
LOW COST -- 10watts to 20watts per f, depending on model and quan-
CFSH10.7M3 0.50 CFW455FT 2.45 tity
TOKO FIXED VALUE CHOKES 1E12 Values)
As they stand these modules suit most P.A. and industrial applications and satisfy
7BA - 1 to 1000uH 16p 10HB to 120mH - 1 33p all foreseeable audiophile requirements. (The HV is aimed at digital audio.)
8RB to 33mH 19p 10R8 .15 to 1.5H 43p
Where aspects of performance fail to meet specific requirements (e.g. in speed
-
- 1
or power) low cost ccustomising is often a possibility. Alternatively entirely new

RETAIL SHOP OPENING HOURS NOW IN STOCK boards can be produce.-
Monday to Thursday 8.30-6.30 MF10 -
National's new Dual Pantechnic make more than just PFAs. Loudspeaker protection boards and the
Switched Capacitor Filter quietest, lowest distortion preamp boards currently available are just two of an
Friday 8.30-8.30 Saturday 9.00-5.30 Price
-
f5.05 ever-expanding range.

(Access + Barclaycard orders accepted) Pantechnic sell high quality power supply and other components at excellent
ALL PRICES SHOWN EXCLUDE VAT. P&P 50p per order. prices.
CHECK US OUT
AMBIT INTERNATIONAL DEPT. WW Price and Delivery Technical Enquiries
200 forth Service Rood, Brentwood, Essen PANTECHNIC (Dept WWII)
11a WOOLTON STREET
LIVERPOOL L25 5NH
contact
Phil Rimmer
TELEPHONE (STD 0277) 230909 TELEX 995194 AMBIT G POSTCODE CM144SG on
Tel 051-428 8485 01-800 6667

QUALITY OSCILLOSCOPES,
THE RANGE FOR EUROPE!
Yllmalmil HM307.4 £138 ammammummaimum HM412 £350
Y: Bancwidth DC-10MHz (-3dB) - Sens tivity 5mV-20V/ Bandwidth DC-20MHz (-3dB) Sensitivity 2mV/cm -
cm (±5%) 20V/cm(±3%) Timebase 40ns/cm Triggering DC 40MHz

X: Timebase Ct2s-0.54s/cm 1±5%) - Triggering 2Hz-3OMHz (Emm) Algebraic Add., Sweep Delay, x5 Mag., Overscan
(3mm) - Built iw component tester - Calibrator - Screen Ird., Vet-, Holdoff, Single Sweep.
6x7-2kV.
gmagammalummaa H 1203 £220 HM705 £580
Y: Bandwidth CC-20MHz (-3dB) - Sensitivity 5mV-20V/ Bandwidth DC-70MHz (-3dB) Sensitivity 2mV/cm
cm (±3%) - Dual trace -20V/crn(±3%) Timebase 5ns/cm 2.5s/cm -Triggering DC
X: Timebase 0.;s-40ns/cm incl.x5 Magn. - Trigger 3-Iz- - 100MHz (5mm), Algebraic Add
30MHz (4mm) -X -Y operation - Calibrator - Screen 8 x
,
Sweep Delay, x10 Mag.(Alt. trigger,

10cm - 2kV. T-ig. After Delay, CRT 14kV.
I-IFtFI EE I
For free data sheets of the full range cortact:
England
HAMEC, LTD.
France:
HAWED S.A-R.L-
West German !r
HAMEC Gmbh
7478 Collir .don Street
Luton, LU11RX
59. Avenue de la Republique f Fran :f xt iii Main 71.
94800 Villejuif, Kelslebocher Str 15-19
Tel. 10582)r-13174/Telex 825484 Tel:678.09.98R4iex 270705 Tel. OW 11678017 "telex: 0413866
Spain United States:

HAMEG IBERICA HAMEG, INC-
t
Viitaro 1i 2.174 ease ltartx,r Ad.
Barcelona 36 Port Washington, N.Y. 11050
Tel: 230.15 9/ Phone 516-88338371516-&43-6423
TwX: 510 2230889
Prices '1K. List Ex. VAT

WW - OAS i:DR FURTHER DETAILS
MARKETING Ltd.
47-2-9 N SERIES 600/12

D&R Electronics was founded over 10
years ago with the aim of developing and
manufacturing high quality mixing
consoles for the studio and entertainment
industry with a special emphasis on value
CONSOLE for money design engineering. The result
Is a range of live basic models with a
large number of channel configurations
and options. All models are highly flexible
SERIES 600 in use and give the best quality possible
at todays state of technology.
The D&R SERIES 600 SERIES 200 -A small mixer specially
range of professional designed for four track recording.
mixing consoles has found SERIES 600 -A range of mixers for live
its way into hundreds of amplification, broadcast studios and two
track recording.
(hospital) broadcast studios, SERIES 400 - 'In-Line' mixing consoles for
discotheques, clubs, entertain- budget 4, 8 or 16 track recording.
ment and outdoor Public Address SERIES -A
1000 range of comprehensive
'In -Line' consoles for professional
systems and recording studios. recording studios.
Available In 6, 12, 18 or 24 channel
configuration with, as standard, separate
SERIES 8000 - Top of the range 'In -Line'
consoles with integral patch bay for top
balanced mic. and line inputs, insertion points. recording studios. A large number of
gain, three band tone controls, two auxiliar (lines, ancilliary signal processing units
complement the D&R programme.
pan -pot and linear fader, plus pre -fade -listening and overload LED
per channel. The output section includes four master faders, echo Please complete this coupon for futher
details:-
return and phones controls and two large V,.U. meters. D&R Serles 200 D&R Series 600
Optional XLR-3 connectors, 48 volt phantom powering, stereo D&R Series 400 D&R Serles 1000
channels with R.I.A.A. correction, talkback, fader controlled start D&R Serles 8000 D&R Anciillary
Equipment
switches, balanced outputs and 24 volt D.C. mains powering are
`
loudspeaker components
[-BULLET
available. VITAVOX loudspeaker equipment
D.S.N. MARKETING LTD, Westmorland Road, London NW9 9RJ

f, E HELIOS mirror balls
NAME
ADDRESS
`Telephone: 01-204 7246. Telex: 895 4243. VISA

Trade, Wholesale, O.E.M. & Export enquiries welcome. W W/10/82/
DON'T MISS
A GOLDEN
OPPORTUNITY
Practical Wireless celebrates its 50th Anniversary
with the October '82 issue.
To mark the occasion, this bumper issue will
include a special supplement that not only reviews
those fifty eventful years, but also takes a look at
what the future might hold.
All in all, a golden opportunity to keep in touch with
Britain's leading communications magazine.
October issue. Get a copy today!
Dept. AW - Tel: (0925) 64764 I.C.E. Multifester

DAROM SUPPLIES
4 Sandy Lane,Stockton Heath Only
Warrington, Cheshire, WA4 2AY
£32.00
sabtronics
FREQUENCY METERS
8 digit: 9 digit:
* Convenient single input
for entire range
* readings
9 digit resolution for more precise
2000V. DC 2500V. AC
** Big easy to read LED display ** Excellent 30mV sensitivity up to 1Ghz
selectable gate times
10 Amps DC 5 Amps AC
Excellent sensitivity
** Battery crystal
10MHz controlled timebase * 10switch
3
MHz crystal controlled timebase 100MSt 20,0000E
or mains operated ** Front
2 separate inputs for added versatility
** Leading
switch selectable gate times
3
zero suppression
,
*
panel sensitivity control
Battery or mains operated Add 15% VAT on all prices
correct at 1-5-82 E & OE
8110A 20Hz-100MHz 167 86108 10Hz-600MHz £99 cash with order or credit card
8610A 20Hz-900MHz 182 8000B .. 10Hz-1000MHz £155
Carriage £1 for all orders
Kit A.B. Dick Magna II

PIANOS SPECIALISTS SINCE 1972
DOMESTIC OR STAGE E314 An Electronic Backing
SIX OR 71/4 OCTAVES
KITS OR MANUFACTURED
V0t'AL & INS HU-
Mfd
E439
TRIO. Drums, Bass &
Chord Instrument.
User Programmable
for 50.100 scores.
WORD PROCESSORS
at £850 plus V.A.T.
I
The most advanped MENTAL SOLOISTSI using microprocescer-

form of touch -sensi-
tive action simulat-
MASTER RHYTHM
mg piano key inertia User Programmable
by patented tech- DRUM MACHINE. 45 cps Qume Printer
nique. Twenty-four patterns. 8K Working Store
Eight parallel tracks.
Four mixable voices Twelve instruments Thin Window Display
for serious tone,
variation plus sequence operation E79 KI I £119 BUM Permanent Storage on Magnetic Cards
electronic chorus Write or Phone for full details o1 our range of
and flange( effects. high quality Kit and manufactured Electronic
Musical Instruments. Prices include V.A.T., Carr., Limited stock of ex -demonstration machines factory
DOMESTIC PRICES Component Kits in-
clude Keyboard.
& Ins. and we operate Telephone BARCLAY-
CARD/ACCESS.
reconditioned by manufacturer to 'as new' standard
Competitive EXPORT Quotations given.
SIX 7Y/
Full Kits further con CL PRODUCTS (ELECTRÖN1CS) AUTOTYPE (The 2nd -User W.P. Specialists)
Comp tam. Cabinets, ber-
1 Church Street
234 266
ets, Power Amp LIMITED
Full 396 442 and Speaker. Dept. W. 44a Bramhall Lane South Cuckfield, Sussex
MFD 620 . 695 Bramhall, Stockport, Cheshire SK7 1AH Haywards Heath (0444) 414484 and 454377
061-439 3297

U.K. RETURN OF POST N AIL ORDER SERVICE, ALSO WORLDWIDE EXPORT SERVICE
BSR DE LUXE AUTOCHANGER £18 MINI -MULTI TESTER NEW
Plays 12", 10" or 7" records, De luxe pocket size precision moving
NEW baker Star sound
Auto or Manual. A high coil instrument. Impedance + Capacity high power full range
quality unit backed by BSR Yw - 4000 o.p.v. Battery included. quality loudspeakers
reliability. Stereo Ceramic 11 instant ranges measure:
produced to give
i
Cartridge. AC 200/250V. Size DC volts 5.25, 250, 500.
'£6.50 exceptional
131 x111/4in.
Above motor board
3
Below motor board 21 in.

33Y4in
speeds.
-
lì
AC vow 10, 50, 500, 1000.
DC amps 0-250pÁ, 0-250mA.
and resistance
Post 50p reproduction. Ideal for
Hi-Fi, music P.A. or
Cut Board £1 extra Post £2,
48
0Kohms
to 600K discotheques. These
Luxe Range Doubler Model, loudspeakers are
HEAVY METAL PLINTHS Post £2' 000 o.p.v. £18.50. 7 x 5 x tin. Post £1 recommended where
Cut out for most BSR or Garrard decks. high power handling is
Silver grey finish, black trim. Size 16x133/4in. £4
DECCA TEAK VENEERED PLINTH. Post £1.50
NEW PANEL METERS£4.50. required with quality
results. The high flux
Superior finish with space and panel for £5 50µa, 100µa, 500µa, ceramic magnet ensures clear response.
small amplifier. Board is cut for B.S.R. 1 ma, 5ma, 50ma, 100ma, ''7,,,/7,).
l
,.3s,,,7
MODEL INCHES OHMS WATTS TYPE PRICE POST
183/4in.x 141/4inx4in. Black/chrome facia trim. Also with
boards cut out for Garrard £3. Tinted plastic cover £5
500ma, 1 amp 2 amp .d MAJOR 12 44-16 30 HI -H £14 £2
25 volt, VU Meter. DELUXE MK II 12 l 15 HI-FI £14 f2
TINTED PLASTIC COVERS Post £2 SUPERB 12 8.16 30 HI -H £24 £2
21/4X2X11/4 Post50p AUDITORIUM 12 8-16 45 HI -F1 E22 £2
177/ex131/8x31/4in. £5 181/4x121/2x3in. £5
171/4x93x31 in. £3 143x121 x27/ein. £5 AUDITORIUM 15 8-16 60 HI -R £34 £2
133x12x21/4in. £5 16%x13x4in. £5 RCS SOUND TO LIGHT CONTROL KIT GROUP 45 12 44-16 45 PA £14 £2
151/4x131/2x4in. £5 141/2x £5 Kit of parts to build a 3 channel sound to light GROUP 75 12 44-16 75 PA £18 £2
17x127/hx311in. £5 171/4x1334x41/ein.
Callers Only (not suitable for post)
£5 unit. 1,000 watts per channel. Suitable for home
or disco. Easy to build. Full instructions supplied. post 95p
£15 GROUP 100
DISCO 100
12
12
8-16
8-16
100
100
Guitar
Dine
824
824
£2
£2
211/2x in. £5 21x137x41in. ES GROUP 100 15 8-16 100 Gaiter f32 £2
Cabinet £4.50 extra. Operates from 200MV to 100W. DISCO I10 Disco f2
23/x14x37/ein. £5 30/x13/x31/4in. f5 15 8-16 108 £32
200 Watt Rear Reflecting White Light Bulbs. Ideal for
Disco Lights, Edison Screw. 6 for £4, or 12 for £7.50.
BSR SINGLE Post 65p. Suitable panel mounting holders 85p.
PLAYER DECKS
BSR P170 RIM DRIVE £20 RCS "MINOR" 10 watt AMPUFIER KIT £14
This kit is suitable for record players, guitars, tape
baker re
QUAUTY DECK Post e2. playback, electronic instruments or small PA systems. t ..
Manual or automatic play.
Precision ultra slim arm.
Two versions available: Mono, £14; Stereo, £20. Speci-
fication 10W per channel; size 91/2x3x2in. SAE details.
,
Black with silver trim, stereo ceramic cartridge Full instructions supplied. 240V AC mains. Post fl. O RI 1.y`
elm
:l
y
BSR P204 SINGLE PLAYERS SPECIAL OFFERS RCS STEREO PRE -AMP KIT.All parts to bùild this
Two speed 33/45 r.p.m. hi-fi decks with stereo pre -amp. Inputs for high, medium or low imp £2.95
cartridges, cueing device and snake arm. per channel, with volume control and PC Board post 65p BAKER 150 WATT MIXER/POWER
Ceramic - 240V AC £15 or 9V DC £18 Can be ganged to make multi -way stereo mixers -
-
Magnetic 240V AC £20 or 12V DC £24 Post E1 AMPLIFIER £89 Post £2
MAINS TRANSFORMERS Post For Discotheque, Vocal, Public Address. Three speaker outlets
for 4, 8 or 16 ohms. Four high gain inputs, 20 mv, 50K ohm.
THE "INSTANT" BULK TAPE ERASER £9.50 Post 95p 2500.250V 80mA, 6.3V 3.5A, 63V lA £5.00 £2
Suitable for cassettes and all sizes of tape 350-0-350V 250mA, 6.3V 8A CT £12.00 £2 Individual volume controls "Four channel" mixing. 150 watts 8
220V 25ma eV lamp t2. 220V 45ma 8V 2 Amp 0.00 £1 ohms R.M.S. Music Power. Slave output 500 M.V. 25Kohm.
reels. AC mains 200/250V. Hand held size/
with switch and lead (120 volt to order).
250V 60mA, 6V 2A - 0.76 £1 Response 25 Hz - 20kHz ± 3dB. Integral Hi-Fi preamp separate
Will also demagnetise small tools. ,AUTO 115V to 240V 150W El. £10.400W £11.500wk1200 f2 Basa & Treble. Size - -
16x 8" x 511". Wt 141b: Master volume
Head Demagnetiser only E5. control. British made. 12 months' guarantee. 240v A.C. mains or
GENERAL PURPOSE LOW VOLTAGE 120V to order. All transistor end solid state.
Tapped outputs available Price Post
2 amp. 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 18, 25 and 30V
MONO SLAVE VERSION E75. 100 Volt Ume Model £101.
MOO £2'
BATTERY ELIMINATOR MAINS to 9 VOLT D.C. 1 amp. 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 18, 20, 24.30.38, 40, 48, 60 £5.00 £2 New Stares Slaw Model 150 + 150 watt £125. Post f4.
Stabilised output, 9 voit 400 m.a. U.K. made in plastic 2 amp. 6, 8, 10, 12,16. 18, 20, 24, 30. 36, 40, 48, 60 £10.60 £2 BME71 S NEW PAILS MICROPHONE PA AMPLE1E91 £TN, PP E3.
case with screw terminals. Safety overloud cut out. Size 3 amp. 8, 8, 10, 12,16, 18, 20, 24, 30, 36, 40.48, 60 £12.60 £2 4 channel 6 inputs, dual impedance, 50K-600 ohm 4 channel
5 amp. 6, 8, 10, 12,16.18, 20, 24, 30, 36.40,48, 80 £15.00 £2
5x31/4x211in. Transformer Rectifier Unit. Suitable 5-8-10-16V. 12 amp. 82.60 80p 15-0-15V. 2 amps
mixing, volume, treble, bass. Presence controls, Master volume
£3.75 £1 control, echo/send/return socket. Slave input/output sockets.
Radios, Cassettes, models, £4.50. Post 50p. 6V. 12 amp. 82.00 £1 20V amp1 0.00 E1
6-0-6V. 112 amp. 0.50 E1 20-0-20V 1 amp 0.60 f1
BAKER £69
DE LUXE SWITCHED MODEL STABILISED. £7.50. PP £1.
3-6-711-9 volt 400ma DC max. Universal output plug
and lead. Pilot light, mains switch, polarity switch.
9V. 250ma.
9V. 3 amp
9-0-9V. 50ma
10-0-10V. 2 amps
10-30-40V. 2 amps
£1.60 90p
£3.50 f1
£1.50 80p
0.00 Cl
0.60 £1
20-40-60V amp
25-0-25V 2 amps
29V amp Twice
1
30v 112 amp

30V 5 amp and
1 £4.00 £2,
£4.60
0.00 f2
0.60 £1
£1
50 WATT
AMPLIFIER
Post e2
- .
" :b:: .:à; t
DRILL SPEED CONTROLLER/IJGHT DIMMER KIT. Easy to build kit
Controls up to 480 watts AC mains, 0. Post 65p.
12V. 100ma
12V. 750 ma
£1.60 80p
0.00 80p
17-0-1721
35V 2 amps
£4.60 £2
£4.00 £1
Ideal for PA systems, Discos and Croups. wToinput
Mixer, Volume, Controls, Master Bass, Treble Gain.
,,
DE LUXE MODEL READY -BUILT 800 watts. Front plat* fits 12V 3 amps £3.50 Cl TOROIDAL 30-0-30V 4e
standard box, £6. Post 65p.
--rJ
12-0-12V. 2 amps fl
£3.50 and 20-0 20V 12a £10.00 £2
RCS offers MOBILE PA AMPLIFIERS. Outputs 48-16 ohms
CHARGER TINS Post RECTIFIERS Post 20 -watt RMS 12v DC, AC 240v, 3 inputs. 50K £46 PP £2.
EMI 131/2x8Ina LOUDSPEAKERS'
6-12 von 3e
6-12 volt 4a
£4.00+£2
0.50+£2
6-12 volt 2a
6-12 volt 4a
£1.10+80p
0.00+80p
40-watt RMS 12v DC, AC 240v, 4 inputs. 50K £75 PP £2
Mie 1; Mie 2; Plane; sox. outputs 4 sr 8 er 16 and 1121 lies
Model 450, 10 watts R.M.S. with 60 -watt RMS, Mobile 24 volt DC & 240 -volt AC mains. inputs 50K.
moving coil tweeter and two-way
'
crossover; 3 ohm or 8 ohm. OPUS COMPACT-- 3 mica + music. Outputs 4-8-16 ohm + 100 volts line £85 PP f2
1
"Final Clearance". Sale Price

SUITABLE BOOKSHELF CABINET
SPEAKERS £22 pair Post £2 Battery only Portable PA Amplifier 10w max. Includes mike and
speaker, OK for meetings, crowd control, stalls, fetes, traders,
Post £1.50 TEAK VENEERED CAEUNET
£8.50. Size 18x 11 x6in. Post £1.50. 11x81/2x7in, 15 watts parties, etc. Batteries included (6 of 821f27.50 post £1.50.
50 to 14,000 cps. 4 ohm or 8 ohm R.C.S. 100 ROBUST VALVE
RELAYS. 6V DC 95p. 12V DC £1.25. 18V £1.25. 24V £1.30 AMPLIFIER
BLANK ALUMINIUM CHASSIS. 6x4-£1.45; 8x6 -f1.80; OPUS TWO 15 x 101/2x pain 25 watt 4 Channel mixing. Master
10x7 -E2.30; 12x8 -f2.00; 14x9 -f3; 16x6 -f2.90; 2 -way system £39 pair. Post £3. treble, bass and volume
16x10-f3.20.14x3£1.80. All 21 in. deep. 18swg. controls. 5 Speaker outlets,
ANGLE AU. 6 x 3'4 x 3/4i n. 18 swg. 30p. LOW VOLTAGE ELECTROLYTICS Wire ends 10p suits 4, 8, 16 ohm. Black
1 mf, 2 imf, 4 mf, 8 mf, 10 mf, 16 mf, 25 mf, 30 mf, 50 mf, 100
ALUMINIUM PANELS, 18sw . 6x4 -45p; 8x6 -75p; cabinet. £125. Carr. & ins. £15.
14x3 -75p; 10x7 -95p; 12x8-£1.10; 12x5 -75p; mf, 250 mf. All 15 volts. 22 mf/6v/10v; 25 mf/6v/10v; 47
16x8 -E1.10; 14x9-£1.45; 12x12-£1.50; 16x10-£1.75. mf/ 1Ov; 50 mf/6v; 68 mf/6v/10v/16v/ FAMOUS LOUDSPEAKERS
PLASTIC AND ALI BOXES IN STOCK. MANY SIZES 25v; 100 mf/10v; 150 mf/6v/10v; 200 mf/10v/16v; 220
ALUMINIUM BOXES. 4x4x 11 £1. 4x21/2x2 £1. 3 x 2 x 1 £1. mf/4v/10v/16v; 330 mf/4v/10v; 500 mf/6v; 680 "SPECIAL PRICES"
6x4x2 £1.60. 7x5x3 £2.40. 8x6x3 £2.50. 10x7x3 £3. mf/6v/10v/16v; 1000 mf/2.5v/4v/10v; 1500 mf/ MAKE MODEL SIZE WATTS HMS PRICE POST
12x5x3 £2.75. 12x8x3 £3.80. All with lids. 6v/10v/16v; 2200 mf/6v/10v; 3300 mf/6v; 4700 mf/4v. SEAS TWEETER lin 50 £950 fl
500mF 12V 15p; 25V 20p; 50V 30p. 1200mF 76V 80p. GOODMANS TWEETER 311ín 25 £4 E1
BRIDGE RECTIFIER 200V PIV 2a £1. 4a £1.50. 6e £2.50.
TOGGLE SWITCHES SP 40p. DPST 50p. DPDT BOp. 1000mF 12V 20p; 25V 35p; 50V 50p; 100V 70p. AUDAX TWEETER 4in 30 £1.50 Et
MINIATURE TOGGLES SP 40p. DPDT 60p. 2000mF 6V 25p; 25V 42p; 40V Bop; 1200mF 100V £1.20. SEAS MID -RANGE 4in 50 £7.50 Et
2200mF 63V 80p 2500mF 50V 70p; 3000mF 50V 85p; SEAS MID -RANGE Sin 80 112 El
RESISTORS. 1011 to 10M.1/4W,1 W, 1W, 2p: 2W 10p. MID-RANGE 41/2in
HIGH STABIUTY. 92w 2% 10 ohms to 1 meg. 10p. 4500mF 64V £2.4700mF 63V £1.20. 4700mF/40V 85p. SEAS 100 £12.50 El
Ditto 5%. Preferred values, 10 ohms to 10 meg, 3p. HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTROLYTICS GOODMANS HIFAX 71/4v41/4 100 44/16 472 E2
WIRE-WOUND RESISTORS 5 watt, 10 watt, 15 watt 20p. 2/500V 45p 8+8/450V 75p 32+32+16/350V 90p GOODMANS WOOFER Bin 25 4t £.50 £1
PICK-UPCARTRIDGES SONOTONE 9TA £2.50. 8/450V 45p 8+8/500V £1 100+100/275V 85p GOODMANS HB lin 60 8 £12.58 Et
16/350V 46p 8+16/450V 75p 150+200/275V RIGONDA GENERAL 10in 15 8 £5 £2
BSR Stereo Ceramic SC7 Medium Output £2. SC12 £3. 70p
32/500V 75p 32+32/350V 50p 220/450V SEAS WOOFER 10in 50 8 £16 £2
PHILIPS PLUG-IN HEAD. Stereo Ceramic. AU1020 (G306 - 95p
32/350V 50p 32+32/500V £1.80 32+32+32/325V GOODMANS HPG 12in 120 8/15 82850 £2
GP310 - GP233 -AG3306, £2. A.D.C., (ILM 30/3 Magnetic £5. 75p
50/450V 95p 50+50/300V 50o 50+50+50/350V 95p GOODMANS GR12 12in 90 8/15 £2750 12
L OCKTITE SEALING KIT DECCA 118. Complete £1.
ANTEX SOLDERING IRON 240V 15W £5.25. 25W £8. GOODMANS HPO 121. 120 8/15 £2150 Et
CAPACITORSWIRE END High Voltage
JACK PLUGS Mono Plastic 25p; Metal 30p. .001, .002, .003, .005_01, .02, .03, .05 mfd 400V 5p. SPEAKER COVERING MATERIALS. Samples Large S.A.E.
JACK PLUGS Stereo Plastic 30p; Metal 35p. .1 MF 200V 5p. 400V 10p. 600V 15p. 1000V 25p. B.A.F. LOUDSPEAKER CABINET WADDING 18in wide 35p ft.
JACK SOCKETS Mono 25p. Stereo 30p. .22MF 350V 12p. 600V 20p. 1000V 30p. 1750V 50p.
-
FREE SOCKETS Cable end 30p. Metal 45p. .47MF 1500V 10p. 400V 20p. 630V 30p. 1000V 60p.
MOTOROLA PIEZO ELECTRIC HORN TWEETER, 331ín. square
100 watts. No crossover required. 4-8-16 ohm, 73/4x31/2in.
£S
Ell
2.5mm and 3.5mm JACK SOCKETS 25p. Plugs 25p. VALVE OUTPUT TransformersI00p 9p0Fp.
(small)TRIMMERS
DIN TYPE CONNECTORS 50pp 20p. 500pF CROSSOVERS. TWO-WAY 3000 c/s 30 watt 8 or 15 ohm £3.
Sockets 3 -pin, 5-pin 15p. Free Sockets 3 -pin, 5 -pin 25p. MICR SWITCH SINGLEPOLE CHAN EOVER 40p. 3 -way 950 cps/3000 cps. 40 watt rating. £4.3 way 60 watt E6,
Plugs 3 -pin 20p; 5 -pin 25p; Speaker plugs 25p; Sockets 15p. SUB -MIN MICRSWITCH, 50p, Single pole changeover. LOUDSPEAKER BARGAINS
PHONO PLUGS and SOCKETS ea. 20p. TWIN GANG, 120pF £1. 500+200pF£1. 3 ohm, 5in, 7x 4in, £7.50; 611ín, 8x 5in, £3; 8ín, £3.58. 10in, ß.
Free Socket for cable end 20p. Screened Phono Plugs 25p. GEARED TWIN GANGS 25pF 95p. 8 obi, 24iin, 3in, £2; 5 x 3in, 7 x 4in, 5in, £2.50; 611in, 8x 5in, £3;
300 ohm TWIN RIBBON FEEDER 1 yd. GEARED 365+365+25+25pF £1. Sin, £4.50; 10in, £5; 12in, LI
AERIAL MATCHING TRANSFORMER 300/75 ohm £1. TRANSISTOR TWIN GANG. Japanese Replacement £1 15 ohm, 311in, 5 x 3in, 6x 4in, E2.50.
U.H.F. COAXIAL CABLE SUPER LOW LOSS, 25p yd. SOUD ELECTRIC l OOpf £1.50, 500pf £1.50 25 ohm, 3in, £2; 5x 3in, 7 x 4in, £250. 120 ohm, 314ín dia. fl.
COAX PLUGS 30p. COAX SOCKETS 2 CASSETTE MONO REPLAY. Complete working £12.50
NEON INDICATORS 250V, round 30p. Rectangular 46p. HEATING ELEMENTS, WAFER THIN CAR CASSETTE MECHANISM. 12V Stereo Head £S
Size 11 x9x1/ain. Operating voltage 240V, 250W approx.
POTENTIOMETERS Carbon Track Suitable for Heating Pads, Food Warmers, Convector R.C.S. LOW VOLTAGE STABILISED
Heaters, Propagation, etc. Must be clamped between POWER PACK KITS £3.95. Post 65p
5k11to 2Mí1. LOG or LIN. L/S 50p. DP 90p. Stereo L/S two sheets of metal or ceramic, etc. All parts and instructions with Zener diode printed circuit,
£1.10. DP £1.30. Edge Pot 5K. SP 45p. ONLY 60p EACH (FOUR FOR £2) ALL POST PAID. mains transformer 240V a.c. Output 6 or 71 or 9 or 12V d.c.
up to 100mA or less. Please state voltage required.
RADIO COMPONENT SPECIALISTS

Radio Books end Components Lists 31p stamps. (Minimum post/packing charge 50p.) Access or Barclaycard Visa. Tel: 01-884 1665 for SAME DAY DESPATCH. Cash prices include VAT.
337 WHITEHORSE ROAD, CROYDON
Open 9-6. Closed all day Wed. Open Sat. 9-5.
WW -7
.4p(141URD
DIGITAL PM COMPONENTS LTD

VALVE & COMPONENTS SPECIALIST'
MULTIMETERS INTEGRATED CIRCUITS.

45124 2.50 ML231B 1.75
TA7120P
TA7130P
TA7203
TA7204P
1.65
1.50
2.96
2.15
TBA651
TBA720A 2.45
T13A7500
78A800
1.75
1.86
0.89
TDA2540
TDA2541
TDA2560
TDA2581
2.15
2.15'
2.15
1.15
FROM
452140 2.50 ML232B 1.75 7A9205AP 1.50 TBA810AS 1.35 TDA2590 2.85
AN240P 2.80 ML237B 1.95 TA7222AP 1.80 TBA8200 1.46 TDA2591 2.95
AN7150 2.95 ML2388 4.20 TA7227P 4.25 TBA890 2.50 TDA2593 2.95
84521 3.35 ML920 412 TA7310P 1.80 TBA920 1.85 TDA2600 3.16
ETT6016 1.75 ML928 1.65 TA7313AP 2.95 TBA9200 1.66 TDA2610 2.50
HA1151P 2.50 MSM5807 6.75 TAA550 0.25 TBA950 2.35 TDA2611A 1.95
HA1366W 1.95 PLL02A 5.75 TAA570 1.80 TBA950/2X 2.35 TDA2640 2.60
ONLY
LA4031 P 2.70 SAA1025 7.25 TAA661B 1.20 TBA990 1.49 TDA2690 1.35
LA4102 2.95 SA45000A 3.05 TAA700 1.70 TBA9900 1.49 TDA3560 3.95
LA4400 4.15 SAA5010 8.36 TBA1208 0.70 TBA1441 2.15 TDA3950 1.96
LA4422 2.50 SAS560S 1.60 TBA120S 0.70 TCA270 1.10 UPC566H 2.96
LC7120 3.25 SAS570S 1.60 T8A120SA 0.70 TCA27050 1.10 UPC575C2 2.75
LC7130 3.50 SAS580 2.85 TBA120S0 0.70 TCA650 2.50 UPC1001H 2.50
LC7131 5.50 SL490 1.95 TBA120T 0.70 TCA800 2.15 UPC1025H 2.50
X39
LC7137 6.50 SL9016 4.85 TBA120U 1.00 TCA830S 1.40 UPC1156H 2.75
LM324N 0.45 SL917B 6.95 TBA231 1.25 TCA940 1.65 UPC1182H 2.95
LM380N 0.95 SL1310 1.80 TBA395 1.50 TDA440 2.20 UPC1185H 3.95
LM383T 2.95 SL1327 1.10 TBA396 0.75 TDA1004A 220 UPC1350C 2.95
LM390N 1.95 SL13270 1.10 TBA440N 2.55 TDA1006A 2.50 UPC2002H 1.95
M51513L 2.30 SN76003N 1.65 TBA4800 1.25 TDA1010 2.15 ZTK33B 0.60
M51515L 2.96 SN76013N 1.65 TBA510 1.65 TDA1035 2.50 555 0.35
MB3712 2.00 SN76013ND TBA5100 1.66 TOA1037 1.95 723 0.50
MC1307P 1.00 1.66 TBA520 1.10 TOA1170 1.95 741 0.35
MC1310P 1.50 SN76023N 1.66 TBA5200 1.10 T0A1170S 1.95 747 0.50
MC1327 0.96 SN76033N 1.86 TBA530 1.10 TDA1190 2.15 748 0.35
MC13270 0.95 SN76110N 0.89 TBA5300 1.10 TDA12700 3.95 4042 0.50
MC1330P 0.78 S5761315 1.30 TBA540 1.25 TDA1327 1.70 7805 0.60
MC1349P 1.20 SN76226DN 1.66 TBA5400 1.35 TDA13528 1.43
MC1350P 0.78 SN76227N 1.05 TBA5500 1.46 TDA1412 0.86
MC1351P 1.60 SN76532N 1.40 TDA2002 1.95
TDA2020 2.45 I.C. DATA
MC1352P 1.00 SN76533N 1.30 TBA560C0 1.46
MC1357 2.35 SN76544N 1.30 TBA570 1.00 TDA2030 2.80 BOOKS
TBA641Al2 TDA2522 1.95 LIN 1 covering
MC1495 3.00 SN76650N 1.06 Op Amps
MC14011BCP SN76680N 0.80 2.50 TDA2523 1.95
TDA2524 1.85 LIN 2 covering
0.32 SN76666N 0.70 TBA641BX1
TDA2530 1.54 Regulators
MC1723 0.50 TA7061AP 3.95 3.00
TBA641B11 3.00 TDA2532 1.95 54.95 each
MC3357 2.25 TA7108P 1.00
BD139 0.32. BF338 0.32 RCA16335 0.80

SEMICONDUCTORS BD140
130144
0.30
1.10
BF355
BF382
0.37
0.38
SKE5F
TIP29
1.48
0.40
BD159 0.86 BF383 0.38 TIP29C 0.42
AAY12 026 BC172C 0.10 BD166 0.48 BF371 0.20 TIP30C 0.43
AC128 0.22 BC173B 0.10 130179 0.72 BF394 0.19 TIP31C 0.42
AC127 0.20 BC174 0.09 BD182 0.70 BF457 0.23 TIP32C 0.42
AC128 0.20 BC774A 0.09 BD201 0.83 BF458 0.28 TIP33B 0.75
AC128K 0.32 BC177 0.19 BD202 0.86 BF459 0.38 TIP348 0.75
AC141 0.28 8C178 0.15 BD203 0.78 BF595 0.23 TIP41A 0.48
AC141K 0.34 BC182 0.10 80204 0.70 BF597 0.26 TIP41C 0.46
AC142K 0.30 BC182L8 0.10 BD222 0.46 8FR39 0.23 TIP42C 0.47
AC176 0.22 BC183 0.12 130223 0.48 8FR40 023 TIP47 0.66
AC178K 0.31 8C1B3L 0.09 0.28
Get your hands on a low-cost, high- AC187 0.25 BC184L8 0.09
BD225
BC232
0.48
0.36
BFR41
BFT42 028
TIP120
TIP142
0.80
1.75
AC187K 0.28 BC204 0.10 BFT43 0.28 1.76
performance digital multimeter. AC188 0.22 BC207B
BC208B
0.13
0.13
BD233
BD234
0.36
0.36 BFW92 0.85
TIPtb6
TIP161 2.96
AC188K 0.37 BD236 0.46 BFX29 0.30 TIP2955 0.80
Choose from these three models: 40142
AD143
0.90
0.82
8C212
BC212L
0.09
0.09
BD237
BD238
0.40
0.40
BFX84
BFX85
0.28
0.32
TIP3055
TIS91
0.55
0.20
AD149 0.70 BC212LA 0.09 0.40 BFX86 0.30 TV106/2 1.60
EDM-101, at £39 (+VAT, p&p), has 5 AD161
Ao162
0.33
0.39
BC213
BC213L
0.09
0.09
E10241
B0242 0.60 BFX88
BFY50
0.26
0.21
252219 0.28
BD246 0.60 2N2905 0.40
functions and 19 ranges, plus diode test (200mV to 40161/2
AF115
0.90
0.75
BC214
BC214C
0.09
0.09
BD376 0.32 8FY51
BFY52
021
025
2N3053 0.40
80410 0.55 253054 0.59
1000Vdc; 200 and 600Vac; 200µA to 2Adc; 200 S2 AF124
AF125
0.34
0.32
BC214L
BC237
0.09
0.09
BD434 0.55 BFY90
BR100
0.77
0.26
2N3055 0.52
0.12
BD437 0.50 2N3702
to 20M f2). AF126
AF127
0.32
0.32
BC237A
BC237B
0.09
0.09
BD438 0.60 8R101
BRC4443
0.30
0.86
2N3703 0.12
BD508 0.40 2N3704 0.12
T100 (illustrated), at £49 (+VAT, p&p), AF139
AF150
0.42
0.42
BC238
BC239
0.09
0.12
BD520 0.65 BT106
BT108
1.00
1.22
2N3705 0.12
BD538 0.66 253706 0.12
incorporates 7 functions and 29 ranges including AF239
AU106
0.42
2.00
BC251A
BC252A
0.12
0.16
80597 0.76 BT116
BU105
1.20
1.22
2N3708 0.12
80897 1.10 2N3773 1.75
diode test and a direct 10A input. (200mV to AU107
AU110
1.75
2.00
BC258
BC258A
0.39
0.39
BD698 1.10 BU108
BU124
1.89
1.00
2N4427 1.50
BD707 0.75 255294 0.38
1000Vdc or 750Vac; 200µA to 10Aac or dc; 2001/ AU113 1.88 BC284 0.30 BDX32 1.50 BU126 1.22 2N5296 0.48
to 20M i).
BC107 0.10 BC300 0.30 BF115 0.35 BU204 1.56 2N5298 0.52
BC107A 0.10 BC301 0.30 BF127 0.24 BU205 1.30 2N5496 0.86
BC107B 0.10 BC303 0.26 BF154 0.12 8U208 1.39 254715 0.95
TI 10, at £59 (+VAT, p&p), has an BC108
BC108A
0.10
0.10
BC307
BC307A
0.09
0.09
BF158
BF160
0.18
0.27
BU208A
BU326A
1.52
1.42
2SC495
2SC496
0.80
0.80
additional buzzer for fast continuity testing. BC10BB
8C109
0.10
0.10
BC307B
8C327
0.09
0.10
8F167
BF173
0.24
0.22
BU326S
BU407
1.90
1.24
2SC1096
2SC1172Y
0.80
220
Send your order in today! BC1098
8C109C
0.10
0.10
BC328
BC338
0.10
0.09
8F177
BF178
0.38
0.26
BU500
BU526
1.75
1.90
2SC1173
2SC1306
1.15
1.00
BC114 0.11 BC347A 0.13 BF179 0.34 BUY69B 1.70 2SC1307 1.50
BC116A 0.13 BC461 0.35 BF180 0.29 MJ3000 1.98 2SC1449 0.80
BC117 0.19 BC478 0.20 BF181 0.29 MJE340 0.40 2SC1678 1.25
BC119 0.24 8C527 0.20 BF182 0.29 MJE520 0.48 2SC1945 2.10
BC125 0.12 8C547 0.10 BF183 0.29 MPSA12 0.20 2SC1953 0.96
VAKO DISPLAY SYSTEMS LTD BC140
BC141
0.31
0.25
BC548
BC549A
0.10
0.08
BF1B4
BF185
0.28
0.28
MPSA13
MPSA92
0.20
0.30
2SC1957
2SC1969
0.80
1.95
Pass Street, Werneth, Oldham, Lancs OL9 6HZ BC142 021 BC550 0.08 BF194 0.11 MRF450A 11.50 2SC2028 1.15
BC143 024 BC557 0.08 BF195 0.11 MRF453 13.50 2SC2029 1.96
Tel: 061-652 5111 Telex: 668250 BC147 0.09 BC557A
BC557B
0.08
0.08
BF196 0.11 MRF454
MRF475
17.50
2.60
2SC2078 1.45
8C1478 0.0-9 BF197 0.11 2SC2091 0.86
BC148A 0.09 BC558 0.08 BF198 0.10 MRF477 10.00 2SC2166 1.95
BC148B 0,09 BC558A 0.08 BF199 0.14 0C23 1.50 2SC2314 0.80
BC149 0.09 BC558B 0.08 BF200 0.40 0C42 0.56 250234 0.50
BC157 0.10 BCY33A 1.80 BF241 0.15 0C44 0.66 3N211 1.50
BC158 0.09 BD115 0.30 BF245 0.30 0C45 0.55
BC159 0.09 BD116 0.52 BF246 0.28 OC70 0.45
Please send me: BC160 0.28 BD124P 0.59 BF256/LC 0.28 0071 0.40
BC161 0.28 80131 0.32 BF257 0.28 0081 0.50 Translator
820088 Equivalents &
EDM-101 multimeters at £46.60 (incl.VAT, p&p) BC1708
BC171
0.10
0.08
BD132
BD133
0.35
0.40
BF258
8F259
0.28
0.28 R20108
1.70
1.70 Data Books in-
cluding Japan-
T100 multimeters at £58.10 (incl.VAT, p&p) 8C171A
BC171B
0.10
0.10
BD135
BD136
0.30
0.30
BF271
BF273
0.26
0.13
R2322
R2323
0.68
0.66 ese types. Two
books. £8.50
T110 multimeters at £69.50 (incl.VAT, p&p) BC172
BC172B
0.10
0.10
BD137
80138
0.28
0.30
BF336
BF337
0.34
0.29
R2540 2.48
RCA16334 0.90 pair.
DIODES CRT TUBES

Cheque/P.O. enclosed payable to BY199 0.40 N4001 0.04
BY206 0.14 54002 0.04
Vako Display Systems Ltd. for: 44119 0.08 BY208-800 0.33 N4003 0.04 A selection of tubes
BÁ102 0.17 BY210-800 0.33
BY223 0.90
N4004
N4005
0.05
0.05
available. Prices avail-
BA115 0.13
Name: BÁ145 0.16 BY298-400 0.22 N4006 0.06 able on request.
BÁ148 0.17 BY299-800 0.22 N4007 0.08
0.20 N4148 0.02
3BP1 D14-260GH
BÁ154 0.06 BYX10
BÁ155 0.13 BYX36-1508 54448 0.10 5BHP11 D14-250GH
BA156 0.15 0.20 N5401 0.12
N5402 0.14 5BKP1 DG7-32
Address BAX13
BAX16
0.04
0.06
BYX38-600R
0.80 N 5403 0.12 13BP4 DH7-11
801058 0.30 BYX55500 0.30 N 5404 0.12
BT151 0.79 BYX71-600 0.80 55405 0.13 1768 DP7-11
BY126 0.10 BZY95C30 0.36 55406 0.13
CV429 M17-151GVR
BY127 0.11 0A47 0.09 N5407 0.16
BY133 0.15 0490 0.05 N5408 0.16 D10-210GH M38-121GH/R
BY164 0.45 0491 0.06 TT44 0.04
Please allow 14 days for delivery. BY176 120 0495 0.06 D13-450GH/01 SE4DP7
L TRADE COUNTER CALLERS WELCOME. J BY179

BY184
0.83
0.35
0A202
15914
0.10
0.04
D13-481GM
D14-1206GH
XP2020
95449GM

has-ammo
PHONE P. M. COMPONENTS LTD TELEX
0474 813225 SELECTRON HOUSE, WROTHAM ROAD 965966
gib1
3 LINES MEOPHAM GREEN, MEOPHAM, KENT DAI3OQY WEST ST G
HAA91 1.00 PCF201 1.35 u1»OO V339 3.60 2 5 17.50 6C4 0.80 12AG8 1.50 408A 4.00
HA8C80 PCF800 116.00 3A/1473 7.60 603 0.50
A SELECTION FROM OUR HBC90
0.90
0.76 PCF801
0.40
1.35 0Z08-20 26.00
VLS831
VP2B
12.00
2.50 3A/167M 10.00 6C8G 1.25
12AL5
12AT6
1.00
0.69
425A5
431U
6.00
2.00
STOCK OF BRANDED VALVES HBC91 0.60 PCF802 0.60 R10 4.00 VP4A 4.60 3A2 3.00 BC11 2.60 12AT7 0.66 5728 36.00
,1493 0.76 PCF805 1.48 R16 12.00 VP48 4.50 3A3Á 3.00 6C15 2.60 12AT7WA 2.60 705A 6.00
ÉA50 (.00 EF783 0.66 HF94 0.80 PCF808 1.00 R18 9.00 VP8 2.50 3A4 1.10 6C18 2.50 2AU6 1.60 708A 6.00
A1714 18.50 R19 1.20
A1998 11-60 EA76 1.96 EF184 0.96 HK90 1.06 PCF808 125 VP41 2.60 3AL6 0.95 6CA4 0.00 12AU7 0.66 715A 6.00
EA79 1.96 65731 1.60 HL2K 3.50 PCH200 1.10 R20 1.20 VP133 2.00 3AT2 1.75 BCA7 4.60 12AV6 0.86 7150 46.00
A2087 1160 8CB8 1.60
A2134 17.50 EAA91 0.00 EF732 1.80 HL23D0 4.00 PCL82 0.80 RG1-125 3.50 VR37 1.60 3AW2 3.36 12AX4GT 1.00 801A 2.00
EABC80 0.86 EF800 11.00 HL41 3.60 PCL83 2.50 RG1-240A VR75/30 3.00 362 3.00 BCD6GA 4.00 12AX7 0.80 803 10.00
A2293 7.20 11.75 1.50
A2426 22.60 EAC91 2.60 EF804S 9.96 HL41DD 3.50 PCL84 0.75 VR91 1.60 387 4.50 BCF6 12AX7WA 2.60 807 1.50
EAF42 120 EF805S 9.86 HL420D 3.60 PC185 0.80 RG3-260A VR101 2.00 3824 7.50 6CH8 8.66 12AYZ 4.00 810 65.00
A2521 21.00
EAF801 1.40 EF806S 9.86 HL90 0.70 PCL86 0.86 11.76 VR106/30 1.06 3628 12.00 6CL8 3.60 12A27A 1.50 613 16.60
A2599 37.60 2.00
EB34 1.60 EF812 0.86 HL92 1.50 PCL200 1.00 RG3-1250A VR150/30 1.06 3C4 1.00 6CL8A 12BA6 0.76 813 USA 59.50
A2900 11.60
46.00 8CM5 1.80
A3042 24.00 6041 2.00 EFL200 1.60 HL133/DD 3.50 PCI-800 0.80 VT52 1.50 3C45 12.50 120E6 1.05 833A 116.00
6091 0.62 67490 0.72 HR2 4.00 PCL805 0.90 RK2K25 62.60 VU39 1.60 3CN3A 2.50 BCSB 0.76 128H7 0.96 066A 3.00
AC/HL/OD 4.00 6041000 BCW4 4.00
ACP 4.00 EBC33 2.50 EK90 0.72 HY90 1.00 P0500 3.50 VX6120 6.00 3CX3 2.50 128H7A 0.86 782A 16.00
EBC41 1.15 6132 0.96 HVR2 3.00 PD510 3.06 10.00 VX9133 6.00 3D21A 24.00 BCY5 1.00 12016 0.70 873 60.00
AC/PEN 4.00
EBC81 0.86 6133 4.00 KT8C 7.00 PEN4D0 2.00 RK-20A 12.00 VX9181 5.00 3W4GT 2.50 B0C6 2.00 1213Y7A 3.76 884 6.60
AC/THI 4.00 60K6 0.86
6E1030 0.76 6134 1.96 KT33C 3.50 PEN25 2.00 RL16 1.60 W77 5.00 4-250A 39.50 12CX6 1.20 954 0.50
ACNP1 4.00 6005 2.30
ACNP2 4.00 EBC91 0.76 EL38 1.60 KT36 2.00 PEN4000 2.50 RPL16 12.00 W729 1.00 4C27 26.00 12E1 16.50 955 0.90
66533 2.60 EL37 9.00 KT41 4.00 PEN45 3.00 RPY13 2.60 W739 1.60 4C28 25.00 BDR7 2.00 12E14 26.00 958A 0.90
AC2/PENDD 1.00
68580 0.60 6138 6.00 KT41 4.00 PEN48 2.00 RPY43 2.60 X24 1.00 4CX2508 37.60 BEA-8 12GN7 3.96 1299A 0.80
6.00 PFL200 1.10
AH221 39.00 68583 0.50 E141 2.00 KT45 4.00 1.26 RPY82 2.50 X79 3.60 4CX250R 49.50 8E138 12HG7A 3.95 2050 9.00
Eß5 0.96 E142 2.00 KT81 3.60 PL21 2.60 RR3-250 37.00 XC12 1.50 4CX350A 63.76 6EU8 1.10 123707 0.70 3545 4.00
AH238 39.00 663-1250 06.00 6EW8 1.80
EBTB9 0.70 6181 2.76 KT63 2.00 P133 1.25 XC15 1.50 4GS7 2.25 12K5 1.00 4212E 170.00
AL80 6.00 2.00
EBF93 0.96 6182 0.68 KT66 USA 8.00 P1_36 0.96 IRS613 45.00 XC25 0.60 4GV7 2.25 6F1 12K7GT 0.60 4313C 4.00
ARP12 0.70 6F6G 2.00
1.26 6811 1.60 ELM 3.60 KT66 GEC 9.00 P138 0.96 IRS631 00.00 XC900 1.36 4X150A 29.60 12K8 1.10 5642 5.50
ARP34 RS685 30.90 6F12 1.50
ARP35 2.00 613121 2.00 6184 0.69 KT67 16.00 PL81 0.72 XE3P 2.60 5Á162M 9.00 1207GT 0.50 5651 1.75
EC52 0.75 EL85 4.60 KT77 Gold Lion PL81A 0.72 ,RS688 62.16 XFW47 1.50 SA183K 10.00 6513 3.00 12SA7GT 1.00 5654 1.96
AZ31 2.00 6514
8163 2.00 EC80 425 EL86 0.86 1.50 PL82 0.00 S6F17 9.00 XFW50 1.60 5A170K 626 1.00 12SH7 0.50 5670 3.60
EC81 4.50 EL90 0.82 KT81 7.00 PL83 0.62 56533 35.00 XG5-500 19.60 SANS 1.20 6F17 3.00 12SK7 1.00 5675 16.00
BS450 67.00 511E12 36.00 8518 1.50
BT5 49.50 EC86 1.00 EL91 6.00 KTBB USA 7.00 P184 0.86 XL1-5V 1.60 5AR4 2.00 12537 0.60 5687 3.50
EC88 1.00 EL95 0.70 KT88 GEC PL88 1.00 S30/2K 12.00 XL509 4.96 5AÚ4 1.60 8519 0.48 12SN7GT 1.86 5692 3.50
BT19 32.50 6104/1K 10.00 2.60
BT79 12.50 EC90 0.70 EL183E 3.50 11.50 PL95 1.00 XNP12 2.50 56.110M 10.00 6521 12U7 1.60 5696 2.66
EC91 7.00 EL183P 3.50 KT88 Gold Lion PL302 1.00 5109/1K 15.00 XNP28 2.50 56-254M 14.60 BF22 0.70 1303 3.20 5718 6.60
CIK 16.00
EC92 1.26 61360 7.96 12.60 PL345 12.60 S130 3.00 XP1002 29.00 .5B -255M 14.50 6F23 0.49 1307 3.20 5725 2.50
C3JA 16.00 125
C1108 66.00 EC93 0.80 EL500 1.40 KTW61 2.00 PL500 0.86 SC1/800 5.00 XR1-1600A 58-257M 9.00 6F24 13E1 116.00 5726 1.50
EC95 7.00 61504 1.40 KTW62 2.00 PL504 0.96 SC1/1200 5.00 29.00 5C22 40.00 8F25 1.26 1457 1.00 5727 2.00
C1134 17.50
EC97 1.10 EL508 1.90 KTW63 1.60 PL508 1.75 SC1 /140012.00 XR1-3200A 5C100A 18.50 6F28 1.26 15E 1.00 5749 2.60
C1148A 60.00 6533 11.00
C1149/1 86.00 603010 8.00 61509 3.76 K1263 1.25 PL509 4.50 SC1/2000 9.00 86.00 56406 2.80 17DW4A 1.76 5750 2.00
61519 4.50 L63 1.00 PL519 4.96 SP2 1.60 XR1-6400A 5R4GV 2.80 BFG5 1.60 17328 1.60 5751 1.50
C1534 32.00 ECC32 3.00
ECC33 3.50 61.802 1.40 1102/2K 6.00 P1802 3.25 SP41 5.00 128.00 6U4G 0.76 BGHBA 0.80 1803 1.80 5763 3.50
CBL31 2.00
ECC35 3.50 61821 9.60 1120/2K 12.00 P1920 2.16 SP42 3.00 XSG2-0 3.00 SU4GB 2.60 fiGK5 1.00 19A05 0.70 5814A 2.75
CCA 2.80
ECC40 2.00 61022 9.60 LCF801 1.36 PT4 6.00 ST11 1.60 Y63 2.50 5V4G 0.75 6GK6 2.00 1906 9.00 5840 3.50
CL30 2.00
ECC81 0.66 EM1 4.00 LCF200 1.35 PT15 6.00 STV280/406.00 Y602 12.00 SY3GT 0.80 6GV7 2.50 20A2 10.60 5842 6.50
CL33 2.00 0.70
ECC81 Mullard EM4 1.00 LCH200 1.36 PY31 0.60 STV2Bo/80 Y31060 286.00 5Z4GT 0.96 8H3N 2001 0.70 5876 9.26
CMG25 9.00 1.36
CV Nos Prices 1.10 EM34 5.00 LF183 1.00 PV32 0.86 3000 YL1020 29.00 6/3012 0.70 6H8 2004 1.76 5879 3.90
on request ECC82 0.55 EM80 0.70 LF184 1.00 PV33 0.60 SU42 3.50 YL1060 16.00 6A/203K 9.00 6HBGT 120 20156 3.60 5894 39.50
D63 1.20 ECC82 Philips EM81 0.70 LFL200 1.36 PY81 0.70 TB2.5/3000 YL1070 116.00 BA8G 1.50 634 1.10 2011 0.96 5899 4.50
1.10 EM84 1.10 LV500A 1.75 PV82 0.70 86.00 YL1071 109.00 6A67 0.86 635 3.00 20P1 0.66 5963 1.60
DAF91 0.46
ECC83 0.86 EM85 1.10 M502A 136.00 PY83 0.70 TB2-300 46.00 Y11370 5.50 BÁ68 0.86 6J5GT 0.75 20P3 0.60 5965 2.26
DAF96 0.86 0.66
1.76 ECC83 Philips EM87 1.10 M537A 186.00 PYBB 0.52 T01 -100A YL1371 8.50 6AC7 1.00 836 20P4 1.06 5993 8.00
DC70
DC90 1.20 1.10 EMM803 2.50 M5143 166.00 PY500A 1.71 19.00 Z77 1.20 6AF4A 120 837 1.86 20P5 1.15 6005 3.60
DCX41000 ECC84 0.50 EN 10 8.00 M8079 6.00 PV800 0.86 TDO3-10F 23007 6.00 BAG7 120 6J7GT 126 2516GT 1.75 6012 8.00
ECC85 0.50 EN32 10.50 M8083 325 PY801 0.86 21.00 2302C 12.00 6AH6 1.00 51B5A 3.96 251306 1.76 6057 1.86
12.00
ECC86 1.46 EN91 0.96 M8091 7.60 PZ30 0.80 TD3-12 4.00 Z303C 9.00 6.0.34 2.00 6JE6C 3.60 29C1 19.50 6059 3.75
OCX45000 TP25 8JS8A 3.50
25.00 ECC88 0.86 EN91IS0) 2.50 M8096 3.00 013-11013A 1.60 Z505S 15.00 6A77 2.00 30 2.86 6060 1.50
ECC88 Mullard EN92 4.50 M8100 2.86 47.50 TSP4 7.00 Z520M 4.00 BAKS 0.86 &1S6C 3.50 30C1 0.70 6062 2.60
DET10 6.00 BK4N 1.00
DET22 28.00 1.86 ES1500 116.00 M8136 7.00 083-300 30.50 TT71 1.60 2521M 8.00 BAK6 2.00 30C15 0.40 6063 2.00
ECC91 0.86 ET1 11.00 M8137 6.60 0E03-10 3.50 TT21 14.50 Z7000 3.00. 6.515 0.62 6K7G 0.70 30C17 0.40 6064 1.86
DET24 39.00 4.60
ECC180 0.72 EY51 0.80 M8161 6.60 0E08-701 TT22 14.60 Z749 0.90 6AM4 2.60 6KD6 30C1B 2.00 6067 1.50
DET25 22.00 TY2-125A 2.60
DF91 0.45 ECC189 0.78 EY81 0.60 M8162 6.60 130.00 Z759 24.00 6AM5 6.00 61.1 30F5 0.86 6072 4.20
ECC801S 3.50 EY83 1.50 M8163 3.86 0P25 1.00 45.00 Z8000 3.00 6AM6 1.20 BLBGC 2.50 30511 0.96 6080 4.50
DF92 0.80 1.00
OF96 0.65 ECC803S 3.50 EY84 6.00 M8190 3.86 00E02-5 12.76 TY4-400 86.00 7.8011.1 3.00 BANS 2.00 BL6GT 30FL2 0.96 6080WA 6.60
DH63 120 ECC804 0.00 EY84W 10.00 M8195 3.00 00E03-12 6.60 TY7-6000A Z8030 13.50 BANBA 2.16 1317 0.56 30FL12 1.10 6096 2.86
01177 0.90 ECC807 1.96 EV86/87 0.60 M8196 325 C10603- 20 250.00 ZA1000 1.00 6A05 0.92 61.020 0.86 30FL13 1.10 6132 10.00
ECC808 2.25 EY88 0.60 M8204 2.00 27.00 TYB-600W ZA1001 1.50 6AR5 2.00 61F6 2.96 30FL14 1.86 6136 2.50
DH79 0.56
DH149 2.00 ECC2000 12.00 EY91 3.50 M8223 2.00 0QE06J0 250.00 ZA1002 1.50 BARB 2.00 8106 2.96 3011 0.46 6146A 4.86
DK91 0.90 ECF80 0.86 EY500A 1.50 M8224 2.00 39.50 TVS2/250 ZC1040 8.00 BASS 1.50 6N7GT 1.60 30115 0.60 61466 4.99
DK92 1.20 ECF82 0.86 EY802 0.70 M8225 2.00 QQV02-612.76 375.00 ZM1001 5.00 6AS7G 6.00 6P15 0.86 30117 0.80 6201 2.60
DK96 2.50 ECF86 1.25 EZ35 0.80 ME1400 4.00 00V03-10 6.50 U18-20 2.00 ZM1005 8.00 6AT6 0.75 6P25 4.00 30P4MR 1.00 6211 2.60
DL35 1.00 ECF200 1.86 6240 1.25 ME1401 29.50 00V03-20 U19 11.16 ZM1020 9.00 6AU4 2.00 6P28 2.00 30P12 1.00 6267 1.60
D163 1.00 ECF202 1.86 6241 1.25 ME1403 29.50 17.00 U22 1.00 ZM1021 8.00 6AU6 0.66 607 120 30P18 0.60 6350 2.00
ECF801 0.86 EZ80 0.76 ME1501 14.00 00V03.20A U24 2.00 ZM1023 6.00 6AV6 0.72 667 1.10 30P19 1.00 6360 4.60
DL70 2.50
ECF804 6.00 EZ81 0.66 MS48 5.50 17.00 U25 0.86 ZM1041 14.00 6AWBA 2.60 8SA7GT 1.00 30PL1 2.60 6386 14.50
DL73 2.50
01.91 1.50 ECF805 2.50 EZ90 0.96 MU14 1.50 00V03-20B U26 0.90 ZM1050 14.00 8BBG 0.75 BSC7 1.20 30P113 0.80 6545 6.50
ECF806 10.26 FW4/500 2.00 1437 13.50 32.00 U37 9.00 ZM1080 12.50 6BA6 0.60 BSG7 1.20 30PL14 2.25 6550 7.00
DL92 0.80
DL93 1.10 ECH3 2.60 FW4/800 2.00 N78 16.50 00V06 -40A U41 0.70 ZM1084 10.00 66Á6W 2.50 85H7 1.20 31JS6A 2.95 6550A 7.00
ECH4 3.00 G1/371K 30.00 0A2 0.60 18.00 U50 2.00 ZM1202 86.00 66.57 3.75 6S37GT 1.20 35A5 4.50 6870 11.50
DL96 2.50
DLS10 8.00 ECH35 1.25 G55/1K 9.00 OA2WA 1.50 OQZO3-20 U54 4.60 ZM1263 4.00 66Á8A 3.60 6SK7 0.86 35L6GT 2.00 68838 6.50
DLS16 10.00 ECH42 1.00 G180/2M 9.00 0A3 3.96 29.00 U82 3.00 ZM1612 3.00 6BC8 1.00 6SK7GT 1.20 35W 0.70 7025 2.50
DM70 1.10 ECH81 0.49 G240/2D 9.00 OB2 0.80 00206-40A U191 0.70 271011 29.00 6BD4 1.60 6S17GT 0.72 3523 1.86 7027A 4.86
DM160 2.75 ECH83 0.78 0400/1K 14.00 092WA 1.25 45.25 U192 1.00 1AC6 1.20 60136 1.00 6SN7GT 0.86 38HE7 4.50 7032 2.00
DY51 1.00 ECH84 0.86 GC108 11.50 0C2 2.60 0S72/20 1.60 U193 0.86 1B3GT 1.60 °366 0.72 0807 0.80 47 6.00 7059 2.50
ECH2000 1.60 GC100 11.60 0C3 1.06 QS75/40 3.00 U251 1.00 105 2.50 3BF5 1.10 6SS7 1.60 5085 1.60 7189 2.50
DV80 1.20
DY86/87 0.56 ECL80 0.60 GC10/48 11.50 OD3 1.70 QS92/10 5.00 U291 0.80 1022 10.00 8BG6G 1.25 6U4GT 1.75 5005 0.96 7199 3.20
DY802 0.80 ECL82 0.80 GC10/4E 11.60 0M4 1.00 0S95/10 4.86 U301 0.56 1824 10.00 6BF5 1.80 6U5G 2.60 50CD6G 1.15 7247 2.00
E1T 9.00 ECL83 1.15 GC12/4B 12.00 0M50 3.00 08108/45 4.00 U801 0.76 1C1 1.20 6BH6 1.86 6U8 0.60 52KU 2.00 7360 7.50
6551 21.50 ECL84 0.74 GD86W 6.00 0M6 1.76 0S150/15 6.00 UABC80 0.86 1C5GT 1.00 6BH8 1.00 BUBA 1.00 57 2.50 7475 5.00
E80CC 7.00 ECL85 0.86 GDT120M 5.00 0M9 4.00 0S150/30 1.15 UAF42 1.00 105 1.00 8836 1.06 BV6GT 0.80 61SPT 4.50 7551 4.60
E80CF 10.00 ECL86 0.74 GE10 9.00 ORP43 4.00 0S150/45 7.00 UBF80 0.86 1501 0.90 6BK4 2.75 6X2N 1.00 7581 1.60 7558 11.60
6805 ECL805 0.86 GN4 6.00 ORP50 8.50 0S1200 3.96 UBC41 1.25 1G3GT 1.00 68K7A 1.60 6X4 0.96 75C1 120 7581A 3.00
9.50
6801 E05100 3.60 GN10 16.00 P61 2.60 QS1202 3.96 UBC81 1.00 114 0.80 66M8 0.69 6X501 0.60 76 1.50 7586 6.00
9.50 U8F89
681CC 3.50 5522 2.50 GR10G 4.00 P41 2.50 0S1203 4.16 0.86 116 1.50 66N4 1.25 6X8A 225 83A1 7.00 7591A 3.00
6811 9.50 EF37A 2.00 051103 4.00 PABC80 0.60 0S1205 3.96 UBL21 125 11A6 1.00 6BN6 1.30 7A7 2.00 84 3.00 7868 3.50
E82CC 3.50 EF39 1.00 GS10C 12.00 PC86 0.75 081206 1.06 UC92 0.96 1N5GT 2.50 6BN7 3.50 7AD7 1.75 85A1 6.40 8012 4.20
E83CC 3.50 6541 3.50 GS10H 12.00 PC88 0.75 0S120' 0.90 UCC84 0.70 1S2 0.56 6BN8 2.00 767 1.40 85A2 2.00 8136 1.00
6835 3.50 6542 2.50 GS120 12.00 PC92 0.86 QS1208 0.90 UCC85 0.80 1T4 0.45 8005 0.80 7C5 2.50 90AV 10.00 8298A 4.95
6550 1.50 GT1C 17.00 PC97 1.00 0S1209 2.00 UCF80 1.00 1U5 1.00 6607A 0.72 7C6 2.50 90C1 2.60 8417 4.00
E86C 9.50 1.20
E88C 6.00 EF55 2.25 GT1 C S/S 13.00 PC800 1.10 0S1210 1.50 UCH21 1X20 1.15 6618 0.66 7H7 1.50 90CG 11.86 9001 0.90
EF71 1.60 GTE175M 8.00 PC900 0.76 0S121' 1.60 UCH41 1.20 2AS15A 10.00 6665 0.70 707 2.00 91AG 9.00 9006 0.90
E88CC 2.60
EF72 1.20 GT0150W 1.00 PCC84 0.40 OS1212 3.20 UCH42 1.35 2C21 1.00 8867 3.75 757 3.00 92AG 10.00 18042 7.50
E90CC 5.00 0.60
EF73 1.00 GU20 70.00 PCC85 0.64 0S121:3 5.00 UCH81 2C39A 14.60 6868 1.20 7Y4 1.00 92AV 10.00 18045 10.00
E90F 9.00 0.75
EF80 0.56 GU50 11.50 PCC88 0.70 061215 2.10 UCL82 2C39WA 24.00 60R8Á 1.20 10C1 5.50 95A1 5.50
E91H 3.50 1.15
E92CC 2.50 EF83 3.50 07031 13.50 PCC89 0.70 QS1218 5.00 UF41 2040 37.00 6E167 3.75 10C2 0.70 108C1 1.50
EF85 0.60 GXU3 24.00 PCC189 0.70 0037 15.00 UF42 1.16 2C40A 56.00 6608 1.86 1002 1.25 15082 3.00
E1301.. 13.00
EF86 0.70 GXU50 12.60 PCC805 0.70 0V03-12 3.50 UF80 0.60 2C42 17.00 65W4 1.30 1051 0.75 150C2 1.50
E180CC 8.50 1.10
EF89 0.86 GY501 1.20 PCC806 0.80 QVO5-25 1.75 UF89 2C43 17.00 68W6 4.60 10GK6 1.86 150C4 1.60
E182CC 9.00
6591 1.35 1.00 PCE82 0.80 0V06-20 7J.60 UL41 2.25 2C51 0.76 60W7 0.76 10P14 2.60 155UG 25.00
0180F 8.25 GY802
EF92 2.50 GZ30 1.00 PCF80 0.86 QVO8-100 UL84 0.71 2C53 32.00 BOWS 4.00 10P18 0.78 18581 1.50
E186F 8.50
E280F 19.50 EF93 0.86 GZ31 1.00 PCF82 0.60 118.50 UU5 2.50 287 1.50 66X6 0.49 101011 1.00 205F 12.00
7.50 EF94 0.56 1.00 PCF84 0.86 0Y3-125 30.50 UU7 8.00 2021 0.96 6BX7GT 3.00 101012 0.66 257A 6.00
E283CC GZ32
E288CC 13.60 EF95 2.50 GZ33 4.50 PCF86 1.20 0Y4250 86.00 UU8 8.00 2021W 2.50 8826 2.00 11E2 16.50 307 5.00
68105 16.00 EF97 0.90 GZ34 2.15 PCF87 0.40 0Y4-400 86.00 UY41 2.25 2E26 12.00 60Z7 2.60 11E3 55.00 329 5.00
61148 1.00 EF98 0.90 G237 4.50 PCF200 1.35 UYB5 0.70 2342 93.00 6828 0.96 - 12AE6 0.85 388A 17.50
WIREWOUND RESISTORS BASES ETC. ZENER DIODES

PREFERRED VALUES B7G 0.16 82X61 0.15 CALLERS WELCOME
4R7.1K8
2K2 -6K8
0.15
0.18
B7G Skirted
680
0.30
0.70
6V2 7V5 8V2 9V1 OV 11V 12V 13V
15V 16V 18V 20V 22V 24V 27V 30V
33V 36V 39V 47V 51V 56V 68V 75V
*
ENTRANCE ON A227
4 Watt 10K 0.24 B9A 0.20
BZY88 0.07 50 YDS SOUTH OF MEOPHAM GREEN
B9A Skirted
R47 -4K7 0.18 0.30 2W 3V 3V3 3V6 3V9 4V3 4V7 5V1
5K6-120 0.19 8108 0.16 5V6 6V2 6V8 7V5 8V2 9V1 10V 11V CAR PARKING AVAILABLE
7 Watt 8136 0.50 12V 13V 15V 18V 20V 24V 27V 30V
* HOURS:24MON.-FRI. 9.00-5.30. SATURDAY 9.30-12.00
15K -22K
111-10K
0.20
0.20
8 Pin DIL
14 Pin DUO
0.10
14 Pin OIL 0.12 * HOUR ANSWERPHONE SERVICE *
ACCESS AND BARCLAYCARD ORDERS WELCOME
11 Watt 15K -22K 0.24 0.30
16 Pin DIL 0.15
TIONIItTOBt
VA1040 0.23
BATTERIES
7V Power Mike
* MANY OTHER ITEMS AVAILABLE *
16.10K 0.28 OCTAL 0.35 VA1056S 0.23 batteries
CANS 0.27 VA1104 0.70 16175 11.40 ea UK ORDERS P&P 50p PLEASE ADD V.A.T. AT 15%
17 Watt 15K -22K 0.28 B9A PCB 0.15 VA8650 0.46 other prices on
B5 0.76 VA1097 025 request EXPORT ORDERS WELCOME. CARRIAGE/POST AT COST
non na
ROYAL
HORTICULTURAL
SOCIETY'S NEW HALL
WESTMINSTER
LONDON SW1
COMPUTERS AUDIO BOOKS MUSIC LOGIC NOVEMBER
Breadboard '82 gives you the opportunity to have a day out in
10th-14th
London AND attend Britain's regular exhibition for you, the
Wed 10th 10am - 6pm
There 11th 10am - tips
enthusiast. NOT ONLY will there be stands from which you'll be Friday 12th loam - 6ps
able to buy the latest in kits, components, books and magazines, Sat 13th 10as - 6pm
San 14th 10am - 4pm
BUT ALSO lectures, demonstrations, competitions AND a chance
to take part in a computer -assisted wargame that could make you 4111111>
the military tactician of tomorrow. DON'T MISS Breadboard '82 --

z°17-1-"
Adults £2.00, children, students and senior citizens £1.00. , "
_i.;.
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COMPONENTS MAGAZINES GAMES KITS
DAROM SUPPLIES
4Sandy Lane, Stockton Heath,
Warrington, Cheshire WA4 2AY OSCILLOSCOPES
Dept. AW - Tel: (0925) 64764
s ...+...+.......*
. .
SAFGAN British Made Scopes FUTURE THE SERIES

BY LEADER
A range of high-performance, All Models feature:
economically priced scopes Dual Trace
featuring: ** Dual Trace
5mV/div Sensitivity
6 -inch rectangular CRT
Max. sensitivity 500µV
** X Modulation
Z
Facility
Y TV -V, TV -H sync.
ALT trigger
LBO'522 20MHz
LBO 523 35MHz
£298
£425
* Solid Trigger with
Auto., Normal and TV
Hold OFF variable
X Y Facility LBO 524 35MHz £540
* Portable/Lightweight Preset Sync.
Z Modulation Add 15% V.A.T. on all prices prices
DT 410 10MHz £179.00 Includes 2 XI/X10 Probes correct at 1-5-82 - E&OE cash with
DT 415 15MHz £185.06
LBO 524 features Delayed
order or credit card Carriage £5 for -
DT 420 20Mhz £198.00

-REF -X10 probe Sweep and Dual Time Base Express Delivery
X1 £11.56
LOW DISTORTION
AIRWAVES ELECTRONICS AUDIO SIGNAL GENERATORS
Call in and see us for a Comprehensive DISTORTION .002% (1 Khz)
Range 10hz - 100 khz
Range of Electronic Components Model Output 1v rms (600 ohms)
149 ba
Audio Leads, Adaptors Sine/Square
Coarse/Fine Attenuation
Hobby Kits, Fuses
Connectors £41.60
Etc. (P&P £2.25)
Based on a Linsley Hood design
AIRWAVES ELECTRONICS Also available in kit form and alternative versions, i.e.: battery or mains. With or without
frequency meter.
151 London Road, Camberley, Surrey GU15 3JY
Literature on these units, R.F. Sig. Gen., T.H.D. meters, MVMT, Function Generators and
Write/phone for catalogue (0276) 62949 many other instruments is available on request.
TELERADIO ELECTRONICS, 325 FORE STREET, LONDON N9 OPE
Telephone 01-807 3719 Closed Thursdays

THE CASE
FOR
Did
It's the chance you
every constructor wants know
I.L.P. are the world's
It's something you have always wanted.... something to build largest designers and
your equipment into that's smart, modern, strong, adaptable manufacturers of hi-fi audio
to requirement and not expensive. The'UniCase' is yet another modules?
triumph of I.L.P. design policy. It presents totally professional
I.L.P. pioneered encapsulated
appearance and finish, ensuring easier and better assembly to
power amps and pre -amps for
make it equal to the most expensive cased equipment.
enhanced thermal stability,
The all -metal 'UniCase' is enhanced by precision aluminium
mechanical protection and
extruded panels engineered for speedy and perfect aligned
durability?
assembly within a mere five minutes. Designed in the first case
to accommodate I.L.P. power amps with P.S.U's, the range There are TWEN -Y power
will shortly be extended to house any other modular projects. amplifiers from `5 to 240 watts
POWER AMPS RMS including the very
latest super -qua ity Mosfets to
WHAT WE DO FOR CONSTRUCTORS choose from?
Our product range is now so vast we cannot possibly hope to show it
all in our advertisments without overcrowding or abridging TWENTY pre -amp modules
information to the point of uselessness. So we have devised a solution allow you to inccrporate
which we invite you to take advantage of without delay. ALL YOU NEED exciting professional
DO IS FILL IN AND FORWARD THE COUPON BELOW TO RECEIVE applications to your equipment
OUR NEWEST COMPREHENSIVE I.L.P. CATALOGUE POST FREE BY never before avEilable to
RETURN. It gives full details of all current I.L.P. products for the constructors and
constructor together with prices, full technical and assembly details,
experimenters?
wiring and circuit diagrams etc. and it's yours, FREE. You don't even
have to stamp the envelope if you address it the way we tell you. I.L.P. are suppliers to
the B.B.C., 1.8.4 , N.A.S.A.,
British Aerospace, Marconi,
Racal, Ferranti, O.E.C., Rolls
PRE -AMP Royce etc?
MODULES ELECTRONICS LTD.
FREEPOST5
GRAHAM BELL HOUSE, ROPER CLOSE, CANTERBURY CT2 7EP
Telephone Sales (0227) 54778 Technical Only (0227) 64723 Telex 965780
Goods are despatched within 7
SEND COUPON FREEPOST

days of your order reaching us and
covered by our 5 year no -quibble
Mark your envelope clearly FREEPOST 5 and post it WITHOUT a stamp to
(NO STAMP NECESSARY) guarantee?
I.L.P. at address above. We pay postage when your letter reaches us.
FOR YOUR FREE 11111111101
To: I.L.P. ELECTRONICS LTD.

I.L.P. CATALOGUE PLEASE SEND ME I -L. P. CATALOGUE,
Name
AND OPEN UP POST PAID BY RETURN

Address __
TO A
NEW WORLD OF I HAVE/HAVE NOT PREVIOUSLY
QUALITY & VALUE BUILT WITH I.L.P. MODULES
L. P. products are available also from Henry's. Marshall's, Technomatic & Watford.

%* OPUS SUPPLIES BRING YOU AN
g RGB COLOUR MONITOR YOU CAN AFFORD
LIMITED QUANTITY
AVAILABLE FOR ONLY
FOR USE WITH
B.B.C., MICRO,
VIC, APPLE, - CARRIAGE & VAT
DRAGON, etc ISOLATING

TRANSFORMER
Specification: The VMC ON FIRST 100
22 Colour Monitor is de-
signed to meet the high ORDERS
reliability and perform-
ance standards asso- A fabulous 22 inch
ciated with the games, colour monitor.
data and computer Featuring: Mullard
colour graphics industries. 22 inch 110° C.C.R.T.
Controls: Brightness, RGB video
/
Input levels: Video-TTL compatible either +ive
or -ive going for RGB (IC37416 -ive going amp bias, height, width, vertical
7417 +ive going). hold, horizontal hold, linearity,
Composite Sync: TTL compatible either +ive or east-west correction, phase, focus,
-ive going set by PCB link. Separate sync: H.T. adjust, beam cut-off switch,
(Frame and line) TTL compatible +ive going = convergence controls.
video response 10 MHz. De Gaussing: Automatic on switch on.
Deflection: Scanning systems, 625 line 50 Hz and Power requirements: 155 VAC, 44-60Hz
525 line 60 Hz. 120VA (isolated suplly).
Scan linearity: Errors less than 5%.
Temperature: Storage -10°C to + 70*C.
Scan geometry: Errors less than 3%. Operating 0°C to 50°C.
j
High voltage: 25KV. Overall sizes: Height 40.3 cm, width 51.0
X radiation: Less than 0.5MR/h. cm, depth 39.5 cm (inc. tube neck P.C.B.).
Weight 19 kgms.
After months of negotiation we have finally secured the computer user's dream. We have bought the complete manufacturer's production
superb British made R.G.B. Colour Monitors and can offer them to you at this unrepeatable price. This offer, available to readers of these
World" also includes a FREE isolating transformer. So with a little of your time and our buying power - you can save pounds. For of "Wireless
purposes the C.R.T. and scan coil assembly are separate from the chassis. The lugs of the C.R.T. allow it to be mounted in a standard 22" shipping
cabinet or a unit of your own design. The unit is assembled by plugging the wires from the chassis to the tube, soldering the input colour TV
power connector and isolating transformer. The monitor has been fully tested and adjusted prior to packing thus simplifying connector,
comprehensive instruction sheet will be supplied with each unit. assembly. A
A computer supplies company have established an enviable reputation for reliable service and value
OPUS telephone and discuss your supplies requirement with us.
for money - so pick up your
ATHANA MANUFACTURED BY OPUS IN U.K.

JUST MINED
FROM JAPAN: FLOPPY DISCS OPUS AVAILABLE FROM OUR CENTRAL WAREHOUSE
aaKs
MINIS WITH FLEE
NEC NT HATiX PLASTIC LIBRARY CASE & For business or home use -
1N cis. MINIS HUB RINGS * 5 MODELS each Desk is supplied with
-
MULLS uu & EPSON S/S S/D
S/S D/D
£17.95 for 10
£19.95 for 10
AVAILABLE - C8ak,r3 /wo u
lockable brakes
N USA CHOOSE WITHIN
D/S D/D f23.50 for 10
i YOUR BUDGET*
CALL FOR MACE
ORRERY
S/S 77 Track
S/S 96 Track
£26.50 for
128.50 for
10
10 * CREAM & BROWN
CO-ORDINATING
LOCKABLE DISC FILING
8" DISCS
S/S S/0
S/S D/D
£15.50 for 10
£24.50 for 10
PANELS *
BOXES:
To hold 40 Minis
80 Minis
£16.00
£21.00
D/S D/D £25.50 for 10
HARD SECTORED AND ALL
* DRAWER FOR DISC
STORAGE *
To hold 40 8" Discs OTHER DISCS AVAILABLE
80 8" Discs
£21.00
£26.00
RAM BARGAINS
* MOBILE*
DISC MAILERS:
Mini
8"
60p
90p
PART
4116-20ons
1 off 25-99 100
.80 .75 .68
* AMPLE SPACE FOR
HARDWARE AND
DESK TOP LECTERN
ADJUSTABLE WITH
- 4116-25Ons
2114-300ns
.75
.85
.70
.80
.55
.75
PERIPHERALS *
MOVABLE CURSOR 2114-450ns
2114-L-200ns
.80
.95
.75
.87
.70
.83 * THROUGH SHELF
4516-100ns
BBC RAM
4164-200ns
3.10
4.80
2.95 2.80
4.60 4.20
FOR DISC DRIVES, PAPER FEED, FILES *
6116-150ns 4.20 3.95 3.50
2716-5v-450ns 2.40 2.15 2.00
2716 Triple SEND S.A.E. FOR YOUR FREE COLOUR BROCHURE
Rail 6.00 - -
2732-450ns 3.95 3.75 3.25
2532-450ns 3.95 3.75 3.25
8080A 1.90 1.70 -
8212 1.40 1.30 - Apple 2 users 16k printer buffer card
25 -WAY D SOLDER
ONLY £19.95
CONNECTORS
25P
25S
£1.30 each
£1.50 each
which saves your computer time. Serial and parallel.
HOW TO
ORDER
OTHER DEVICES AVAILABLE
PLEASE RING FOR QUOTE
Send for specification and price
Carriage should be added to prices at the following rates: Monitor f 0; Discs 85p; Rams 50p; Filing Boxes/Lecturns f2: Desks £10. Please add
then VAT at 15% to total and send Cheque/P.Order payable to "Opus Supplies" to Dept. W.W., Opus Supplies, 10 Beckenham Grove, Shortlands,carriage as applicable and
BR2 OJU. Telephone
order Hotline: 01-464 5040 124 -hour service) or 01-464 1598. Access and Barclaycard accepted. If you are not completely satisfied return the goodsKent
within 14 days and your
money will be refunded.
VISA TRADE ACCOUNTS OPERATED - GOVT. AND EDUCATIONAL ORDERS WELCOMED
108
An entire
range of
TO YOU
low-cost
high- IT'S JUST A
performance
instruments POWER VALVE
sabtronics
'Making Performance Affordable
5020A Hz-200KHz Function Generator
1 8000B 1GHz 9 -Digit Frequency Meter
2033 31/2 -Digit L.C.D. Hand DMM PSC-65 600MHz Prescaler
365-S Protoboard AT -001 x1 Passive Probe
LP -10 10MHz Logic Probe AT -010 x10 Passive Probe
8110A 100MHz 8 -Digit Frequency Meter AT -110 si x10 Passive Probe (Switchable)
86108 600MHz 9 -Digit Frequency Meter
Also Oscilloscopes 15-30MHz Single or Dual trace.
Test our low priced test equipment. It measures up

to the best. Compare our specs and
our prices- no-one can beat our
price/performance ratio.
Illustrated brochure and price list from:

E Il lp
BLACK STAR LTD
9a Crown Street, St. Ives, Cambs. PE17 4EB
Tel: (0480) 62440. Telex: 32339
FREQ. CONVERTERS I/P 240v AC 0/P 115v 400c/s 100 Va phase sine 1
wave, all solid state, low dist o/p, new, unused, £115. INSULATION
TEST SETS, 240v I/P provides 3 0/Ps of 15/20/25kv, uses contact
breaker (Vibrator) from 12v DC with test leads in fitted wood case, size But to us it is probably the key component within
14 x 8 x 9in., thought to have been used for testing Ignition Har-
nesses, £27. BENCH P.U. Solartron, 200/250v I/P 0/P var. from 0 to 40v a Radio Communication, Radar, Broadcast,
DC in 100 Mill/V steps current var from 0 to 5 amps, will operate in Electronic Warfare, or Industrial Heating System.
constant voltage or current mode, 0/P volts, set by dig swt, current by
swt and pot, % load meter tested with book, £75. A.M. MOD UNIT, By utilising our advanced testing and strict
Marconi TF1102, will mod Sine, Sq, Pulse or Video on to un mod RF, quality control facilities we can supply MOD and NATO
req ext mod signals, for 240v with book, £25. BENCH P.U. Army 240v
I/P provides 2 low HT and 2 low LT 0/P all DC and Var, fitted 4x approved items to DEF Standard 05-29 and 05-31.
meters, volts and Ma on all circs, intended to power Army radios
normally using dry batteries, two-part unit, £28. PYE PF.1 UHF FM As a major MOD Contractor holding £0.5 million of
Pocket phone Rxs nom 450Mc/s req 9v batt. with circ, £9.50. AUDIO stock we can supply almost any power valve
TEST SET CT373 240v I/P AF osc 17c/s to 170Kc in 4 ranges, VTVM 30
Mill/V to 100v FSD, Dist meas set 20c to 20Kc in case, size 14 x 17 x 21
in new cond. with book and leads, £115. VIDEO RECORDERS, Philips For the difficult to locate devices, we have an 'Out
type N1500, no cassettes, £75. Also Philips LDL.1000 reel-to-reel with of Production' sourcing service linked to an
3 tapes, 1/2in., both with circ., £75. SPEAKER UNITS, ex -A/C, cabin
spk., size 17 x 31/2 x 21/2in., fitted 4x 3 ohm, 3 x Sin. spks., black, in-house NATO. CV and Commercial Part Number
crackle case, £6.50. Also small amp that fits into spk. case, need pre- microfiche system.
amp, £3.50. HANDSETS, lightweight, with M.C. mike, 50 ohm, ext.
cord and press to talk swt., £4.50. ROTARY CONVERTERS, 24v DC I/P Contact us with your power problems.
0/P 230v AC 140 -watt sine wave, in case, £45, or Rot Cony, only s/h,
tested, £27. H.F. Trans Amp, part of STR.18 Equip, 2/18 Mc/s, 100 -watt
0/P req. ext. power and RF drive, 2x 4 x 150 in P.A. with circ., etc., £37
(new cond.) or £27 (S/H), other units available. Q BAND TEST EQUIP.,
RF sources and N.G. available inc. w.g. swts, etc. RADIOSONDE
UNITS, old British Mk. Il, new cond. with chart, £7.50; also new type
M.60, £12.50. POWER UNIT, 240v I/P 0/P nom 28v DC at 15 amps load
range for reg. 0/P, 5 to 15 amps, made by Plessey for testing A/C RT
sets, tested, £38. AUTO TRANS 200/250 to nom 115v at 560 watts,
fully enclosed, size 61/2 x 4 x 3'/2, new cond., £14.50. ARMY -TYPE
HEADSETS WITH THROAT MIKES, new cond. with control box, £7.50.
BLOWER UNITS, single -ended, 240v, outlet size 2' x 31/2in., very
powerful, new condition, £13.50. OSC AMP UNITS, 240v I/P, com-
prises amp 150 watt and var. freq. Osc 30c to 30Kc; the amp can be
connected for various 0/Ps down to 16.7 ohm, fitted 0/P voltmeter,
can be used as normal amp or can be used with Osc to provide var.
freq. AC 0/P in table case valve unit, £115.
Above prices inc. Carr./post and V.A.T Allow 14 days for delivery.
Goods are in secondhand condition unless stated new. S.a.e. with
enquiry for List 29.
Zaerix Electronics Limited
A. H. SUPPLIES
122 Handsworth Road, SHEFFIELD S9 4AE
Electron House, Cray Avenue. St Mary Cray,
Orpington. Kent BR5 3PN England
Telephone Orpington (0689) 27099 Telex 896810 ZANDI G
Phone 444278 (0742)

LAIN R EX SUPPLIES
Climax House, Fallsbrook Rd., Streatham, London SW16 6ED
LTD
R ST Tel: 01-677 2424 Telex: 946708 R ST
SEMICONDUCTORS BD132 0.55' 8F258 0.31 GJ3M41 1.73 OC1607 1.88 OC206 3.16 ZTX551 0.28 2N1893 0.37 2143820 0.45
.MII9 0.12 'ASZ15 1.38 8C172 0.13 BD135 0.46 8E259 0.32 'GM0378A 2.02 0C20 2.88 OC207 2.88 ZTX550 0.29 2342147 4.60 2/13823 0.69 i
MY30 0.20 ASZ16 1.27 BC173 0.13 B0136 0.46 BF336 0.39 ;K51004 0.52 0C22 2.88 OCP71 2.30 114914 0.06 12N2141 4.31 2N3866 1,15
AAY32 0.40 ASZ17 1.15 'BCI77 0.32 1313137 0.46 IBF337 0.38 MJE340 0.69 0C23 4.60 ORP12 1.15 114916 0.10 ;2192218 0.37. 2143904 0.20
AAZ13 0.17 ASZ20 2.44 BCI78 0.16 813138 035 BF338 0.41 ,MJJE370 0.14 0C24 3.45 820088 2.30 114400! 0.07 2142219 0.37 1N3905 0.2e
ASZ21 2.88 1C179 932 BD139 E371 . 0.82 0C25 1.15 2.59 1144002 0.07 1.23
AAZI7 0.27 Ul l3 2.88 .BCJ82 0.13 BD40 0.58 I6F528 2.50 jM7E520 034 0C26 1.73 R26 2.30 1144003 0.07 12142221 823 21440582/42220 0.23
,AC107 0.63 AUY10 3.45 BCI83 0.13 10144 2.30 8F561 0.23 ¡M3E521 0.81
.
0C20 2.30 T1C/4 0.31 1144004 0.08 12142222 0.23 2N4059 0.23
AC125 0.29 AU110 2.88 5C184 0.13 BDISI 1.38 BFS98 0.23 M¡E2955 1.50 0C29 2.30 T1C2260 1.38 1/44005 0.I0 2N2223 4.63 2144060 0.18
AC126 0.29 8A145 0.15 ÿC112 0.13 , 10162 1.36 IBF9710 1.12 MJE3055 1.27 OC35 1.73 T1L209 0.18 IN4006 0.13 2142368 0.29 '2144061 0.18
AC127 0.29 BA148 0.17 BC213 0.13 130237 0.62 BFWII 1.10 'MPF102 0.40 0C36 1.73 TIP294 0.49 1N4007 0.14 2N2369A 0.29 2N4062 0.18
AC128 0.35 BA154 0.12 BC214 0.13 BD238 0.62 6FX84 0.35 MPF103 0.40 OCA 1.04 TIP304 0.52 IN4009 0.08 2142484 0.29 2144124 0.16
AC141 0.32 SAISI 0.13 '13C237 0.13 BDX10 1.05 $FX85 0.35 MPFI04 0.40 0C42 1.04 T1P31A 0.34 1144148 osos 2142646 0.58 2N4126 0.18
AC141K 0.10 BA156 0.12 IBC238 0.13 BDX32 2.30 8FX87 0.35 .MPF105 0.40 0C43 1.73 'TIP32A 0.41 IN5400 0.15 2N2904 0.37 2N4286 0.17
ACI42 0.32 BAW62 9.86; 'BC301 0.38 BDY20 1.73 0F3188 0.35 MPSA06 0.30 0C44 0.98 TIP334 0.62 1145401 0,85 2142905 0.37 2144288 0.11
AC142K 0.40 8AX13 0.07 '11C303 039 BDY60 3.16 BFYSO 0.29 jMPSAS6 0.32 0C45 0.75 11P34A 0.77 1S44 0,05 2142906 0.24 2144289 0.21
AC176 0.35 58X16 0.07 8C307 0.13. 8F115 0.40 '8F151 0.29 MPSUOI 0.01 0071 0.63 TIP41A 0.51 15920 0.09 2142907 0.24 2145457 0.37
AC187 0.32 BC107 0.18 ,BC308 0.13 13F152 0.18 6F152 0.29 :MPSUO6 0.75 0072 1.15 T1P424 0.18 15921 0.10 2N2924 0.30 2145458 0.37
AC188 0.32 8C108 8.18 BC327 0.14 8E153 0.18 BFY64 0.35 'MPSU56 0.79 04:73 1.15 TIP2955 0.81 2G301 1.15 2N2925 0.25 2N5459 0.37
'ACYI7 1.50 BC109 0.18 BC328 0.14 11F154 0.20 BFY90 1.09 NE555 0.52 01.74 0.81 T1P3055 0.64 2G302 1.15 2142926 0.17 25017 11.50
ACYlB 1.32. BC113 0.17 8C337 0.14 8F159 0.20 BSX19 0.31 NKT401 4.03 .0075 0.75 TIS43 0.49 2G306 1.15 2N3053 0.30 2S019 13.80
ACYI9 1.27 BC114 0.17 8C338 0.14 6F160 0.20 BSX20 0.31 NKT403 2.88 0076 1.15 25140 0.29 214404 1.50 2N3054 0.63 25026 28.75
ACY20 1.27 BCIIS 0.21 BCY30 1.44 BF167 0.28 B5X21 0.33 NKT404 2.53 0077 1.15 25170 0.24 2N696 1.37 2143055 0.75 25103 1.73
ACY2I 1.32 8C116 0.22 BCY31 1.7i 13F173 0.35 13T106 1.38 OAS 1,38 OCBI 0.75 25178 0.62 214697 0.37 2113440 0.81 25302 2.30 .
ACY39 2.00 BC117 0.26 8CY32 1.73 BFI77 0.40 BTY79/4008 0A7 0.69 00812 1.38 25271 0.26 '214698 0.37 2143441 0.98 25303 4.03
A0119 0.86 BC118 0.21 BCY33 1.27 11F178 0.40 2.30 i0A10 0.63 0082 1.04 25278 0.65 214705 1.44 2143442 1.44 25322 4.03
A0161 0.40 8C125 0.21 BCY34 1.15 8E179 0.40 BU205 1.50 0A47 0.14 0083 0.92 ZTX107 0.14 .214706 0.29 2N36I4 2.53 2S324 4.03
A13162 0.40 BC126 0.21 BCY39 3.91 8E180 0.32 BU206 1.73 0A70 0.29 OCM 0.91 2TX108 0.14 214708 0.29 2143702 0.13 25701 2.30
AFI06 0.40 8C135 0.17 BCY40 3.22 BF181 0.32 1302208 2.30 0A79 0.14 0C122 3.16 Z1X109 0.14 2N930 0.29 2/13703 0.13 25745A 1.09
AF114 0.86 B4:836 0.22 BCY42 0.35 BF182 0.35 BY100 0.46 0481 0.20 00123 2.30 ZTX300 0.15 2141131 0.35 2143704 0.13 25746A 1.09
AF115 0.86 BC137 0.22 5CY13 0.35 8F183 0.32 BY126 0.15 0485 0.20 00139 3.45 ZTX301 0.16 2N1132 0.35 2143705 0.13
AF116 0.06 BC147 0.14 8CY58 0.22 8E184 0.32 BY127 0.16 0A90 0.09 OC140 4.40 ZTX302 0.21 2/41302 1.38 2143706 0.13
AF117 0.86 BC148 0.14 BCY70 0.20 8E185 0.35 BZX61 0.20 0A91 0.09 0C141 4.93 ZTX303 0.21 2141303 0.92 2N3707 0.13
,1F139 0.38 8C149 0.15 BCY71 0.21 BF194 0.16 Serin 0495 0.09 0C170 1.44 11X304 0.23 2N1304 1.38 2N3708 0.12
AFI86 1.15 BC157 0.15 8CY72 0.20 BF195 0.14 BZY88 0.12 0A200 0.17 OC171 1.44 ZTX311 0.15 2141305 1.15 2143709 0.13
AF239 0.15 BC158 0.15- BCZII 2.01 3F196 0.15 Series 0A202 0.17 0C200 1.73 ZTX314 0.29 2N1306 1.73 2N3710 0.12
AFZII 4.60 8C159 0.15 B0115 0.48 11F197 0.16 1/40 0.69 0A211 1.73 OC201 2.88 ZTX500 0.16 2N1307 1.27 7N3711 0.12
AFZ12 4.60 8C167 0.13 80121 1.96 BF200 0.46 3/49 0-14 OAZ200 1.73 41C102 3.16 ZTX501 0.16 ,2N1308 2.01 2/43771 1.61
0C203 2N3772
ASY26 1.61 8C170 9.13 51,123 3.22 BF224 0.29
G,6r6
CRS3/60 1.04 .04Z201 1.73
00204
3.45 ZTX502
7Tx
0.21 2N1309 138
2N3773
1.84
4
sASY27 1.14. BC171 0.12 'B0124 2.7¡p-, 'BF244 0.32 3.45 1.73 - 3.45 p3 0.22 2N1613 0.37 2.07
rGXUI
1OAZ206 19.16 128E6 2.79
VALVES
41034
EIOOCC 1
11.39limit EF89 1.14 GXU2
16.10
28.43 -Pccvóf 1.3021 'QYS-356.66 ÚM80 1.15 '
4B32
4C35 74.75 6 1ÓI 128H7 1.29 5675675 21.47
.
10.35 E100F 7.83 EF91 2.07 GXU3 30.0 PCC84 1.15 QZ06.20 34.16 11Y41 1.44 4CX2506 51.75 6DK6 3.00 12BY7 3.11 5687 6.31
A2087 13.58 E182CC 13.80 EF92 6.68 GXU4 32.77 PCC85 1.38 RIO 5.75 I1Y05 1,20 4CX350A 80.50 6DQ6B 4.69 12E1 19.67 5696 4.35
82134 20.13 E186F 12.58 EF93 1.15 GXU50 17.25 PCC88 1.38 817 1.89 VL5631 15.24 4X150A 24.41 6E48 3.38 12E11TT 19.26 5788 7.87
82293 8.62 E188CC 9.10 EF94 111 GY501 3.16 PCC89 1.56 'R18 1.89 XGI-2500 58.02 IXISOD 28.75 6EB8 2.44 5725
12E14 34.50 5.62
A242617.63 E280F 15.88 EF95 6.27 0Z32 1.44 PCC189 161889 1.30 XG2-6400 513254M 23.12 6EW6 1.73 13E1 123.05 5726 3.62
A2521 24.38 E283CC 9.02 EF98 1.44 GZ33 . 4.60 PCC805 1.51 1020 1.66 113.50 58255M 23.12 6F6 2.02 19014 18.75 5727 6.47
A2900 14.43 E288CC 18.54 8E183 0.92" GZ34 2.88 PCC806 2. /7, RG3-250 35.77 XG5-500 28.23 5C22 74.75 6F23 1.14 19H5 5749 5.14
40.25
A3343 51.75 E852 28.18 EF184 0.%. GZ37 1.60 PCE82 2.01 RG3-250A 37.49 XG2.6400 SJ1ROE 1380.00 6F28 1.33 2469 55,20 5751 4.80
8231 1.26 EA76 2.30 -EF8045 12.65' KT61 4.02 PCF80 1.15 - 803.1250 63.% 155.42 5R4GY 4.03 6F33 34.50 30C15 1.84 5763 4.66
A241 1.32 EABC80 1.38 EF8055 12.65 KT66 11.50 PCF82 1.15 - 804-1150 43.13 XRI-1600A 5024G 1.75 6H 11.38 304:17 8.14 58144 4.26
BK448 110.27 EAC9I 0.92 EH90 1.61 KT88 13.80 PCF86 l.14 864-3000 90.36 58.88 5024GB 2.90 6H2N 1.21 30C18 1.84 5840 5.06
'BK484 149.09 EAF42 1.44 EK90 I.24' KT1761 2.02 PCF87 1.14 RR3-250 53.54 XRI-3200 87.15 5V4G 1.75 6H3N 1.21 30F5 1.93 5842 23.90
8590 52.27 EAFbOt 2.02 EL32 1.73 KTW62 2.02 PCF200 3.74 RR3-1250 94.83 XR1-32004 5Y3GT 0.98 .6H6 1.73 30F1 -I/2 1.20 5876A 19.55
BS810 86.25 E841 2.30 EL33 4.02 KTW63 2.02 PCF201 2.45 511E12 55.20 9315 5Z3 1.73 6J4 6.10 30FL12 2.07 5879 5.38
815 58.13 E891 1.01 E134T11 2.53' M8079 12.29 PCF801 1.14 S130 3.45 XRI-6400 524G 1.75 6J6 6.21 30FL14 1.84 5886 12.08
1T17 106.89 EBC33 2.02 EL34MUI 3.16' M8080 9.49 PCF-802 2.19 5130P 4.03 10830 524GT 1.75 6J7 2.88 30L1 1.15 5963 3.38
8119 36.17 EBC41 1.44 E1.36 1.14 M8081 11.30 PCF805 1.84 STV280-40 XR1ó4008 630U 1.79 6K4N 1.44 30L15 2.07 5965 4.00
5T29 327.69 EBC81 1.26 EU1 1.44 M8082 9.87 PCF806 1.14 11.50 164.23 6884 1.44. 6K60T 1.50 30L87 2.07 6005 5.62
5169 333.50 EBC90 0.97 EI42 2.02 M8083 8.54 PCF808 114 STV280.80 YDI120 264.50 6487 1.73 6K7 1.73 30P4 6021 5.13
1.06
5175 102.46 F9F90 0.58 E.1.81 4.03 M8091 11.99 PCL82 1.15 24.15 YD1240 366.62 6AC7 1.61 6K8 2.02 30PI9 1.38 6057 4.42
BT95 127.02 EBF83 1.44. 8183 4.03 3080% 4.31 PCL83 2.30 SU41 2.88 2759 19.32 6AF4A 1.14 6KD6 7.31 30PL1 6058 12.67
1.88
C8L31 2.30 EBF89 0.97. E1.84 1.15 M8097 4.09 PCIS4 1.15 51.102 10.35 ZM1000 6.03 6AG7 2.30 6L6G 2.88 30PL14 1.93 6059 4.44
C133 230- 1111131 5.75 E1l36 2.88 308098 5.50 PCL85 1.24 TD03-10 32.78 2301001 6.19 68016 5.52 6L6GA 1.73 30PL15 2.07 '6061 4.89
,CY31 1.15 134:90 1.26 EL90 1.10 308099 5.98 PCL86 1.24 TD03-10E 32.78 ZM1020 10.87 6AK5 4.15 6L6GT 2.24 35W4 0.69 6062 4.ì1
CM 21.30 EC9I 9.33 EL9I 8.21 208100 9.49 PCL805/85 1.24 1T10329F33.93 ZM1021 10.17 6AK6 2.81 6L6GC 2.88 5UC5 0.81 606I 4.20
C3A 11.50 EC92 1.44 EL95 1.51 M8136 9.98 P0500 4.14 TTIS 34,50` ZM1022 64L5 6L7 130 8.51
10.60 1.01 7581 238 6064
C3JA 23.23 ECI57 319.26 EL156 27.60 M8137 9.73 PE06.40N 31.40 1121 16.98 ZM1023 8.81 6AM4 2.65 6N2P 11l 75C1 2.70 6067 4.02
DA41 28.75 ECC33 4.02 EI360 9.77 M8140 5.17 PFL200 2.07 7T22 16.98 ZMI040 22.26 6AM5 8.21 6N3P 1.21 85A1 8.61 6072 5.80
0A42 21.51 ECC35 4.82 'EJS00/509 2.16' M8141 5.52 PL36 1.38 TTI00 59.51 ZM1041 19.16 6AM6 2.07 6N7 173 85A2 2.75 '6080 7.88
'DA100 97.93 ECC10 230 PL81 1.3t TY2lI5 6f.01 6AN5 6P25 4.14
-
EL509 3.ß i M8112 7.77 ZMIOQ 20.44 4.45 90AG 14.90 6097AxBx0
DAF91 0.46 ECC81 1.01 EL821 21.96 M8144 4.31 PL81A 1.38. TW4-400 74.07 ZM1051 100.05 6A/48A 3.97 607 1.53 908V 14.90 166.75
DAF96 l.lSf ECC82 0.62 EI822 12.55 208149 5.86 PL82 1.38 1'Y4500 105.97 183GT 2.58 6A05 1.10 687 2.07 9001 3.35 61468 12.24
0E122 32.78 ECC83 1.01 EM34 M8161 9.11 PL83 2.55 TY5-503 187.45 1624 11.50 6AS6 5,73 6SA7 1.67 16.72 6146B 9.34
DET24 52.90 ECC84 1.36 BIM 448162 10.36 PL84 1.24 TY6-000 193.20 18354 28.75 6AS7G 9.49 654:7 1.73 90LV 17.50 6159B 19.91
DF91 0.46 ECC65 1.38 EM81 1.15 /48163 5.17 PL504/5 1.61 TY6-5000A 1B63 57,50 6AT6 0.98 6SF7 1.14 92AG 14.90 6189 10.03
0F96 1.15 ECC86 2.30 EM84 1.73 M8190 5.29 PL508 2.07 356.50 1R5 1.21 6AUSGT 4.97 65147 1.73 92AV 11.90 6201 10.92
0K91 1.21 E.CC88 2.07 EM85 1.44 208195 4.25 PL509 5.75 TY6-50006 155 0,46 6AU6 1.24 6517 1.24 95A1 7.48 6442 17.25
0K92 1.44 ECC89 1.68 EM07 1.73 M8196 7.47 PL519 5.75 24450, 114 0.46 6AV5GA 1.52 65 7 1.50 15082 3.47 68838 14.64
03.96 1.26 ECC91 10.27 E3132 13.66 M8204 6.57 PL801 1.27 TY6-5000W 2ASI5 21.50 6AV6 0.98 65K7GT 7.08 15083 6.39 6973 4.18
01.92 1.26 ECC189 1.90, F.N91 2.94 M8212 12.47 P1.802 3.44 316.25 2C39A 6AXSGT 3.57 65N7GT 1.14 7025 2.71,
21.85 150C2 2.11
131.941.38 ECI807 2.02 E1492 5.23 M8223 3.80 PY33 1.27 TY7-6000A 2C43 10.70 687 1.73 8507 1.50 150C4 2.75 7551 6.45
DL% 1.26 ECC806 2.59 E951 2.02, 208224 4.66' PY81 0.97 368.00 2021 2.% 688 2.02 6SR7 1.73 211 21.85 7586 11.44
D1S10 9.48 ECF80 1.24 EY81 1.89 M8225 . 2.99 FY82 0.92 TY7fi000W 2F16 17.86 68A6 1.15 6557 2.07 723AB 40.25 7587 10.11
DISIS 1237 ECF82 1.38 E803 2.02 M8248 13.32 8Y83 0.81 322.00 2J42 109,25 68A7 5.89 60250 2.30 803 11.50 7609 36.57
D1SI6 12.37 ECF86 1.73 EY84 10.57 MUI4 1.73 PY88 1.01 TZ40 28.75 2.755 239.97 6B484 4.31 6028 0.92 B05 23.00 7868 5.04
DLSI9 12.37 ECH35 2.30 EY86 0.96 30X119 58.65 PY5004 2.01 021820 2.88 2 708 442,75 684:4 4.27 6U84 3.38 807 4.31 7895 13.25
DM70 1.44, ECH42 1.32 EY88 2.02, MX123 67.85 PY800 0.97 0219 15.81 2708 418.34 6BE6 1.24 6V6GT 1.14 811A 21.08 8005 86.40
DM71 1.44 ECH81 1.38 EY500A 2.23 MX145 62.10 PY801 0.97 U25 1.33 2K25 40.25 6BH6 1.75 6X4 1.38 8128 8068 6.33
21.08
DM160 3.% E4:3483 1.44' EY802 94 MX151 17.25 'QQV026 16.17 U26 1.66 3-4002 57.50 61316 1.24 6X501 0.97 913 91.15 8122 60.11
DY87 0.74 E4:1184 1.47' EZ35 97 MX752 143.75 QQV03-204 U37 10.35 3-500Z 63.25 66K4 4.14 7B7 1.96 833A 153.57 8136 2.48
DY802 0.96 ECL80 1.15 E240 1.44 MX161 166.75 28.13 UABC80 1.44 385 2.70 681.6 97.75 705 3.40 866A 8417 6.76
'
17.56
EMI. 25.17 QQV06-404 UAF42
6131461
EC1.81 1.73 E241 1.44 MX163 23.11 2.44 3824 9.20 68L7GT 4.44. 7C6 1.60 872A 24,69 18042 8.63
MCC 11.27. FiC1.82 1.15 E280 0.96 4431164 27.95 47.15 11641 1.44 3828 16.50 6BM6 97.75 7147 2.30 18045
.E80CF 12.%, E011 3 1.73 E1
Z8 0.% 81X166 161.00 0QQQV07-5060.66 0284:41 1.73
3B29 11.50 6 1.89 7R7 .73
922
931A
5.01
18.15
12.06
E80F 14.19 E4:1.84 1.61 E290 1.38 14X168 48.30 00Z03208 U8F89 138 3B240M 17.25 68Q7A 4.28 7S7 2.59 1624 2.59 Tested
ESN. 13.96 ECUS 1.28 FW4-500 2.88 1478 20.13 59.80 UCC84 1.26 3B241M 17.25 6887 4.60 7Y4 1.14 1625 1.% Ex-Equipment
E81CC 6.62 EC1.86 138 FW4-800 2.88 082 2.30 QQZ06-404 UCC85 1.38 3C23 26.83 68R8 2.02 7Z4 2.13 2050 860 4CX2508 5.75
E81L 14.06 EF378 4.02 01.371K 41.40 0A3 5.69. 63.37 UCF80 1.32 3C45 28.18 6857 4.60 11E3 44.81 4212E 304.75. -
E82CC 7.03' EF39 3.16 G5SIK 12.65 0A4 4.02 O1J37 14.36 UCH42 1.38 68W6 4.60 12AT6 1.38 421201 304.75
7.16 '30XIOOAS
E83CC EF40 3.45 G180.2M 18.42 082 1.44 Q903-12 5.62 024:0181 1.67 40.25 6BW7 1.75 12417 1.01 5544 62.10
E66C 13.23- , EF41 2.30 G240.20 12.85 063 229 QV04-7 2.88 UCL82 1.20 6BX7GT 5.70 1241/6 2.97
7.12 UCL83 3,29 29.67 5545 67.85
E884: EF42 2.38 0400.1K 19.28 0C2 3.04 QV08-100 1.66 3S4 1.26 6826 2.73 t2AU7 0.83 55518 123.51
UF41 1.15
0.2.12
E88CC 3.86 EF50 1.73 GN4 8.62 0C3 2.20 131.08 3V4 1.38 6C4 1.01 128V6 2.55 5552A 166.98
E90CC 9.94 EF54 5.75 GN4A 8.62 OD3 2.20, QY3-6.S 57.06 UF42 1.44 4658 CR68 2.86 128V7 4.00 55538
29.15 259.10
E90F 1139 EF55 2.88 GS16 10.35 024 1.14 Q13.125 62.40 UF80 1.66 4125A i1.99 6CD668 5.83 128X7 1.01 5642 6.45
49111 5.34 EPtO 0.92 GTIC 11.38 P4:86 L61 Q14-250 77.05 02185 L44 4.250A 41.99 6CG7 2.62 12AY7 4.69 5654 3.93
E92CC 9.40 EF03 4.03 GUSO 14.31 PC88 1.61 QY4-100 80.44 IJF89 1.66 ç400A. 52.05 6CH6 11.% .12B4A 3.62 5651 1.66
,ÿ9 9F 10.16 EF85 0.92, 00251 13.62 PC95 .1.69 Q1(5-5110 168.83 I 2.88 6c16 412 121186 2.52
74175 1.17 TBA48Q
INT UIfiS ÿÿb 914i
74141
0.59-
1.02 74176 1.33 TBA52074136 2.65
7400 0.18 7423 0.38 7460 0.21 7497 3.62 74142 2.64 74178 1.56 TBA530 2.28
CRTs 7401 0.20 7425 0.35 7470 0.44 74100 l.n iáü
1,56
Q 2.65
BASES
376 unskuned 0.25
2AP1 9.78 SADPI 44.15 VGR138A 1/.38
7402
7403
0.20
0.20
7427
7428
0.35
0.50
7472
7473
0.36
0.44
74107
74109
0.52
0.14 74145
i.99
I.IS
j4180
74190
1.38
2.19
TBASSO4179
TBA56000
3.70
2BP1 10.35 SBPI 11.50 VCR139A 9.20 7430 0.20 7474 0.44 74110 0.59 74147 2.30 74191 2.19 3.70
37Gskirtcd 0.35 VCR517A 11.54
7404 0.21
3ßP1 11.50 5CP1 11.50 0.21 7432 0.35 7475 0.62 74111 0.82 74148 2.02 74192 2.19 TBA673 2.52
39A unskined 0.25
1B8700
89Aakirted 0.35
30P1 5.75 SCPIA 46.00 VCR517B 11.50 .,',66---
0.49 7433 0.46 7476 0.43 74116 2.13 74150 2.07 74193 2.19 1.75
3E08 11.50 5FP154 17.25 VCR517C 11.50
7407 0.49 7437 0.37 7480 0.64 74118 1.15 74151 1.08 74194 1.44 TBA720Q 2.65
1ntOctal
Caul
0.40
0.63
3FP7 6.90 tun 28.75 7408 0.23 7438 0.37 7482 0.86 74119 1.77 74154 2.07 74195 1.38 TBA750Q 2.38
3GPt 6.90 067-5 72.82 7409 0.23' 7440 0.37 7483 1.15 74120 0.95 74155 1.44 741% 1.55 TBA800 1.38
Nuvistorbax 0.86 3JPI 9.20 067-31 44.78 74156 !.44 74197 1.55 TB8920 334
9pin DIL 0.17 7410 0.20 7441 1.04 7484 1.21 74121 0.49
3JP2 9.20 067-32 66.78 Tubc Basn 0.33 7442 0.83 7486 0.45 74122 0.71 74157 0.86 74198 3.11 T8A920Q 3.34
4 po DIL 0.17 7412
DIL 0.20
3 II.50 0813-91 67.6S Pdon 7413 0.37 7447AN 1.35 7490 0.69 74123 1.36 74559 2.53 74199 2,64 T8A990Q 3.34
16P.
Valve screening
3RP1 17.25 DH7-11 130.09 401711.1118. 7416 0.37 7450 0.21 '7491 0.% 74125 0.67 74170 2.76 76013N 2.02 TCA270Q 3.34
035
3RPI 10'25 VCR97 13.80 7417 0.37 7451 0.21 7492 0.69 74126 0.67 74172 5.06 TM570 2.65 TCA760A 1.59
nosallsises 3WP1 23.00 VCR138 11.50 74173 TM630S
7420 0.21 7453 0.21, 7493 0.69 74128 0.72 1.63 4.02
7422 0.23 7454 0.21 7494 0.94' 74132 0.83 74174 1.84 TAA700 4.50
^ Terms of business: CWO. Postage ana packing valves and semiconductors 58p per order. CRTs E1.73, All prices include VAT. .
Telephone 01-677 2424/7
Price ruling at time of despatch. Telex 946708
In some cases prices of Mullard and USA valves will higher than those advertised. Prices correct when going to press.
Account facilities available to approved companies with minimum order charge E10. Carriage and packing E1 on credit orders.
Over 10,000 types of valves, tubes and semiconductors in stock. Quotations for any types not listed. S.A.E.Monday E. & O.E.
Fr'1da 9 a.m.-5
Open to callers Monde -Friday P m.
110 WW - 026 FOR FURTHER DETAILS WIRELESS WORLD OCTOBER 1982

TO YOU
TEST COMPONENTI
ON THIS NEW OSCILLOSCOPE
IT'S JUST A
MOVING IMAGE
ilfilrtw:
_
USE READER CARD FOR DETAILS

Sowter
Transformers
With 40 years' experience in the design and manufacture of several hundred
thousand transformers we can supply:
But to us it's the result of electrons travelling
10.000 times faster than Concorde. deflected by 100
cm2 of ultra pure stainless steel plate. welded in over
AUDIO FREQUENCY 1000 places. and all in a vacuum of 10-7mm Hg.
TRANSFORMERS OF EVERY TYPE Not only are we at the forefront of modern tube
YOU NAME IT! WE MAKE IT! technology but we can also, through our unique
OUR RANGE INCLUDES worldwide sourcing service, probably locate those
Microphone transformers (all types), Microphone Splitter/Combiner transfor- out of production. hard to find. items.
mers. Input and Output transformers, Direct Injection transformers for Guitars,
Multi -Secondary output transformers, Bridging transformers, Line transformers, Let us help you with your requirement.
Line transformers to G.P.O. Isolating Test Specification, Tapped impedance
matching transformers, Gramophone Pickup transformers, Audio Mixing Desk
transformers (all types), Miniature transformers, Microminiature transformers for
PCB mounting, Experimental transformers, Ultra low frequency transformers,
Ultra linear and other transformers for Transistor and Valve Amplifiers up to 500 -
watts. Inductive Loop Transformers, Smoothing Chokes, Filter, Inductors, Ampli-

fier to 100 volt line transformers (from a few watts up to 1,000 watts), 100 volt line
transformers to speakers, Speaker matching transformers (all powers), Column
Loudspeaker transformers up to 300 watts or more.
We can design fo RECORDING QUALITY, STUDIO QUALITY, HI -Fl QUALITY OR
P.A. QUALITY. OLR PRICES ARE HIGHLY COMPETITIVE AND WE SUPPLY LARGE
OR SMALL QUANTITIES AND EVEN SINGLE TRANSFORMERS. Many standard
types are in stock and normal dispatch times are short and sensible.
OUR CLIENTS COVER A LARGE NUMBER OF BROADCASTING AUTHORITIES,
MIXING DESK MANUFACTURERS, RECORDING STUDIOS, HI -Fl ENTHUSIASTS,
BAND GROUPS, AND PUBLIC ADDRESS FIRMS. Export is a speciality and we
have overseas clients in the COMMONWEALTH, E.E.C., USA, MIDDLE EAST, etc.
Send for our questionnaire which, when completed, enables us to post quota-
tions by return.
E. A. Sowter Ltd Manufacturers and Designers

E. A. SOWTER LTD. (Established 1941) : Reg. No. England 303990 Zaerix Electronics Limited
The Boat Yard, Cullingham Road, Ipswich IP1 2EG, Suffollk Electron House. Cray Avenue. St Mary Cray.
P.O. Box 36, Ipswich, IP1 2EL, England
Phone: 0473 52794 and 0473 219390 Orpington, Kent BR5 3PN England
Telex 987703G Sowter Telephone Orpington (0689) 27099 Telex 896810 ZANDI G
1ML5 SPECIAL OFFER:
VARIABLE TRANSFORMERS
SPECIAL OFFERII
Circuit Board Moron manufactured by
SPECIAL OFFER HEAVY DUTY
ADC
MUFFIN FANS Servelco. 80e D.C. WKG 5.5 amps,2350 r.p.m.
SPECIAL OFFER!! Brand new, boxed, input 240V, output Continuçus torque 140oz. extremely TRANSFORMERS
0.265 volts 5 amps. Base or panel mount- powerful Yr4in. output shaft (keyed). List price Pri 240v sec 50V 15 Amps. Twice will
I LTD.
2 14 0 e if a n s l ing with calibrated dial 0 285 volts and f180 apProx. Our Price only QS 60 Inc. cart. give 100V CT or 50V 30A. Open frame
4 2x4'Rx1 R" [6,76 control knob. Price E26, inc. cerr. end V.A.T. type. Terminal block primary. Sec heavy
9-10 Chapel Street, Nib rY leborl@ inc. VAT * postage. VAT. wire leads. Frame size 8 2x7x5 inches.
P f Screen winding between pri and sec.
London NW1 5DN
1 1 0 v a n s, I swat
PAPER CAPACITORS
SPECIALAMPLIFIERTRANSFORMERS 8 MFD 1000v DC WKG E3, P&P E1.8 MFD 350v fraction of list price. [32,
411c/1xV4t x*poste e6 Bra- E5, 55.
21-23 Bell Street, London, NW1 Radioepares price
HIGH POWER WKG. E7. P&P 50p, 6 MFD 360v DC WKG.
Pri tapped 120-240V sec tapped 34-29-0-29- 836. P&P 25p. 6 MFD 300v AC WKG. [1.60.
.
01-262 5125 & 01-723 7851 £14.50111 34V 8 amps end 46V 1A. Open frame type. Tag P&p 50p. 4 MFD 350v DC WKG 60p P&P 25p.
connection. Size 5x412x4ms. 0
inc. postage 2 MFD 360v DC WKG 40p. P&P 20p. MFD 1
and VAT. 1000v DC WKG. sop. P&P 20p. HEAVY DUTY LT C CORE
TRANSFORMERS
PLEASE ADD 16% TO ALL ORDERS INC. CARR. Pri 110-2240V. Secs 14V, 3V, 112V, 1V.
LATEST PURCHASE. COMPUTER GRADE CONSTANT VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS
TRANSFORMERS. Conservatively ated. All
Separatearate s. All at 40 Amps. 14
Primaries 220-240V. No. secs. 27V 10A, 9V We have a wide selection of CVTs, all made by
carr.£4VAT£can be ob -
15-151/2-17-18-18-1/2-19-191/2Vnd.EM
12 or 24 VOLT 30 VOLT RANGE
1
3A, 15V 1RA x 2. Separate windings. 83.50, famous makers for many varied applications.
wined. EMI, cerr. E4, E4.35.
Rel. 12v 24v L £ Ref. Amps £ £ P&P £1.50. Please ring for details.
111 0.5 0.25 2.42 1.00 112 0.5 2.90 1.00 No. 2 sec. tapped 26-31-36V, 11.2A [12. P&P
£2.
-
213 1.0 0.5 2.90 1.00 79 1.0 3.93 1.00 No. 3 sec. 36V 3A E4.75. P&P £1.50. IMPORTANT NEW811
71 2 3.86 1.00 2.0 6.35 1.20 No. 4 sec. 24V 3A ü.75. P&P £1.25. We would like to announce the opening of our new branch et 21.23 BELL STREET, NW1. It
3
rangethat
1
18 4 2 4.461.20 20 3.0 8.62 1.30 No. 5 sec. 24V 2A Q.75. P&P £1.25. will, ofcourse, stockour fantastic ofproducts have made us famous over the pest
5 2.5 1.20 21 25 years. PLUSII many new ranges, i.e. computer and electronic components, test equip
8.166 4.0 8.79 1.40 No. 6 sec. 27.5-0-27.5V 1.2A and 7-0-7V 0.75A ment, panel meters, multimeters, semi -conductors, ICs and a large selection of plugs and
70 6 3 6.99 1.20 51 5.0 10.86 1.40 83.60. £1.25.
P&P17
£1A Q P&P 75p. sockets.
108 8 4 8.18 1.30 117 6.0 12.29 £3'No
1.50 No. 8 13V 3A and WHY NOT PAY US A VISIT - IT COULD SAVE YOU POUNDSII
72 10 15V to 83.60. P&P E1.25.
5 8.93 1.50 88 8.0 16.45 1.80 No. 9 16V 2A 12.50. P&P El.
116
17
12
16
6
8
9.89
11.79
1.50 89
1.50 90
10.0
12.0
18.98
21.09
1.90 No. 10 sec. 29-28-27-0-27.28-29V 350 M/A
4.00 Core L3. P&P £1.
C ISOLATION TRANSFORMERS 110v. ISOLATION TRANSFORMERS
Pri tapped 220-240V sec. 240V 500 watts. 5,000w. Intermittent Rating. Housed in
115 20 10 15.38 1.60 91 15.0 24.18 4.00 No. 11 sec. 10-7-0-7-10V 0.6A and 29.21-0-21- Open frame type, top panel connections. Ex- sturdy steel case, tapped 55v. -0-55v. Fitted
187 30 15 19.72 1.70 92 20.0 32.40 4.00 29V 0.37A tl.
P&P £1. equipment, but in perfect conditions. E15, with 16 -amp twin outlets. ideal for any
No. 12. 27V lA 22V lA 10V lA 10V 1A, 4 care £3, VAT £2.70. outside use of 110v. power tools, etc.
226 60 30 40.41 2.00 separate windings "C' core type. [1.96. P&P 836 inc. err. V.A.T.
£1.50. l
50 VOLT RANGE 60 VOLT RANGE No. 13. 65V lA and 18-24V 12A 83.55. P&P E.H.T. TRANSFORMERS
£1.50. BPECULOFFEROFERE
Ref. Amps £ £ Ref. Amps £ £ No. 14. Tapped 12-1627V to
Q. P&P 75P, 1í0,000n. 18 yy ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORS
0.5 3.75 1.10 124 0.5 4.27 1.20 M/A.Probabtyusedforboilerg102
igni-
No. 15. 6.3V BOOM/A 6,3V 330M/Á 6.3V 20 M/A 22,000 MFD 63V WKG ü.60 inc. -ostagye
126 tion but with 101 other uses!!!
103 1.0 4,57 1.10 1.0 6.50 1.20 8V 500 M/A 50V 40 M/A Q. P&P £1. and VAT. 8800 MFED 100V DC WKG 12.60
104 2.0 7.88 1.30 127 2.0 8.36 1.40 No. 16. Tapped 14-15-16V 2A Q. P&P £1. 16 inc. car-. - V.A.T. inc. postage and VAT. 3600 MFD 150V DC
105 3.0 9.42 1.50 125 3.0 12.10 1.50 No. 17. Tapped 3637-38-39-41.42-43V to "C" WKG 12.50 inc. pottage and VAT. 10,000
123 core Q.75. P&P £1. DC WKG BLOCK CAPACITORS MFD 16V DC WKG Woo for Q.50 inc.
106 4.0 12.82 1.60 4.0 13.77 1.70 B MFO 1000V DC WKG. E3. P&P E1, VAT 60p. 8
107 6.0 16.57 1.70 40 5.0 stage and VAT. 4.7 MFD 50V DC WKG 10
17,42 1.70 HEAVY DUTY ISOLATION MFD 350V DC WKG E1.25. P&P 50p. VAT 26p. 75p, inc. postage and VAT. 22,000 MFD
118 8.0 22.29 2.00 120 6.0 19.87 2.00 TRANSFORMERS 6 MFD 350V DC WKG E1. P&P 50p, VAT 220 4 10V DC WKG 5 for E2.60 inc. postage and
119 10.0 27.48 4.00 121 8.0 27.92 3.00 240-240V ex -computer equipment. Large MFD 500V DC WKG LI, P&P 50p, VAT 22p. 2 VAT.
1Built-in
109 12.0 31.79 4.00 122 10.0 32.51 4.00 selection available 10-15 amps. Fraction MFD 600V WKG. 80p, P&P 20p, VAT 12p. 1
MFD 1000V DC WKG Sop, P&P 20p. VAT 12p.

189 12.0 37.47 4.00 of maker price.
tails. l."'
hone for further da-
MFD 600V DC WKG 5for E1.50, P&P 50p, VAT
30p. 0.25 MFD 500V DC WKG. 6 for [1.25, P&P
1
SPECIAL OFFER LT
TRANSFORMERS
.9, VAT 16p. 0.1 MFD 1500V DC WKG 5 for Computer grade Pri 115-230V sec 27V
VOLTAGES OBTAINABLE E1.25, P&P 50p, VAT 16p, 2 MFD 100V DC
í0v range 3. d, 5, 6, B. 9. 10, 1O T 18, 20, BT 30v, 12-0.12v or 15-0-15v. í0v range, INDUSTRIAL 12V/24V 10A, 9V 3A, 15V 0.5A, 15V 0.5A, 15V 0.5A.
20-AMP BATTERY CHARGERS WKG, 10 for [1.50, P&P 755 VAT 33p. Tubular 175V 100 M/A. Separate windings, open
.24,
3, 7, 6 ge 33, , 5, 67, 29, 25, 32, 35, 16, 20-0-20v24 o12 -0-12v. r 1 range0-156, 6, 1 2, AC input 240V 50Hz. DC output 20A. metalliºed paper caps 20 MFD 350V DC WKG frame type, top panel connections, 83.96,
18, 20, 24, 36, 40.530, 3 4 v, 0 or 30-0-30.r2
5, , , 1 ,
steel case, size 15x12x91Qins, with clip 0,
P&P 50p, VAT 52p. postage £2.40, VAT 94p.
Complete with battery leads, E95 + VAT.
AUTO STEPDOWN TRANSFORMERS Callers only. LOW CURRENT LT
FOR AMERICAN EQUIPMENT TRANSFORMERS LATEST PURCHASE COMPUTER GRADE T
240/110 Volts. 80-2250 watts. Regular stock line. Types 60-1500 watts are fully SPECIAL OFFER!)I Open frame clamped type, split bobbin. TRANSFORMERS. All primaries 240V. No. 1
shrouded. Fitted with American two or three pin socket outlets and 3 -core 240v PARV%LUX GEARED MOTORS All primaries 240V No. 1 sec tapped 12- "ear 28V 6A[5í0, coinage E1.50.
mains lead. Types 1750 and 2250 watts are steel cased with two American socket Cap start 244V AC RPM 44. Torque 4lb./ins., 15-20-24-30V 750 M/A ü. No. 2 sec. 9-0- No. 2 sec. tapped 2631-28V, 11.2Á [12,
outlets. Neon indicator, three-core mains leed and carrying handle. Send SAE for fitted with small cog on output shaft. Ideal for 9V lA and 6.3V 21X) M/A 0.50. No. 3 15- P&P f2.
No.3 sec. 36V 6A U30. P&P £1.50.
,ntype.
price list and further details. American sockets, plugs, adaptors also available. garage door opener or curtain puller. Our 0-15V 600 M/A and 6.3V 200 M/A. No. a
price E6.95 inc. car-. and VAT. sec. 12-0-12V 750 M/A and 8.3V 200 M/A No.! sec. 42V 3A ü.7í. P&P £1.50.
E4 . No. 5 sec 13V 1/2A E1.50. No. 6 sec. 8V No. 5 sec. 245 ZA 62.75, P&P £1.25.
SPECIAL OFFER: VíA 6.3V 600 M/A, 6.3V 300 M/A 50V 40 No. 6 sec. 27.5-0-27.5V 1.2A and 7-0-7V
HINCHLEY MAINS ISOLATION TRANSFORMERS MONITORS o.75Á 83.60. PAP £1.25.
Ultronicº 12" monochrome monitor 750 ohm M/A Q.50. No. 7 sec 17V 124 (DC) E1.75.
Prim 240e. Sec 240v 250 watts. Open frame Tag connections. Fused No. 8 sec 16.5V t 2A x 2 E1.75. No. 9 sec No. 717V 1A 12. P&P7
input, E70, P&P £2, VAT £1.80. conneo pri tapped 115-220-240v. Sec 240v 6 Video in Video out circuit breaker protected, No. 8 13V 3A end 15V 1Áb.60. P&P f1.25.
housed in stylish case with side mounted con- 18V 2A M. No. 10 sec. 24V 2A E4.60, No.
amps. Fully shrouded top panel connections. Sec can be wired to give 120-0- 11 sec 15V 2A 12.50. All prices include No. 918V 2A Q.í0. P&Pfl.
120V, f25, carr. £5, VAT £4.50. troll. A must for home computer users. Only a
few Ieft11 5 inc. VAT. Callers only, postage and VAT
VAT. PLEASE ADO VAT
-
MONTE CARLO
METHODS
Imagine using random numbers to control the firing of
depth charges. Or to design a computer game. In this issue
we explain Monte Carlo methods - and how they can
solve numerical problems.
We review a British -built product: the Dragon 32,
a low-cost colour computer.
We report on a programming method that uses speech
synthesisers, we compare the BBC micro and
the Sinclair Spectrum ...
AND THAT'S JUST A SAMPLE OF PRACTICAL
COMPUTING -TOGETHER WITH ADVICE FOR USERS
OF PET, APPLE, TANDY AND SINCLAIR ZX 80/81
COMPUTERS. BUY BRITAIN'S LEADING PERSONAL
COMPUTER MAGAZINE.
OCTOBER ISSUE OUT NOW
80p AT YOUR NEWSAGENT'S - BUT HURRY
112
COMPUTES WAREHOUSE
THE ALLADINS CAVE Or COMPUTER AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT
HARD
DISK DRIVES
Diablo/DRE Series 30 2.5 mb. fully refurbished DEC RK05
DISTEL©
The UK's FIRST free of charge, 24 hr. public
COMPUTER 'CAB'
All in one quality computer cabinet
with integral switched mode PSU.
Mains filtering and twin fan cooling.
mec ba and software compatible. Front loadES50. access data base. Get information on 1000's Originally made for the famous
DEC PDP8 computer system costing 1000's of pounds,
ToploadU295. of stock items and order via your computer and designed to run 24 hours per day. The PSU is fully
PSI for 2 drives£/25. and credit card. On line now, 300 baud. screened and will deliver a massive +5v DC at 17 amps
Diablo -Dr. 44A -4000A or 4000910 mb 5+5 removable CC TT tones, full duplex, fully interactive. +15v DC at 1 amp and -15v DC at 5 amps The unit is fully
pac c new and refurbished fromE995. enclosed with removable top lid, twin fan cooling, mains
filtering, trip switch, 'power on' and 'run' LED's, aluminium
CDC 80 mb removable pack DEC RM03 media and software DON'T MISS THOSE IT'S FREE front panel and rear cable entrys. Give your system that
compatible brand new fromE2,950. CALL NOW, professional finish for onlyE49.93 + £9.50 carr.- Dim. 19"
Horeywell 5+5 10 mb drives£450 good s/h condition.
7f per wide 16" deep 10.5" high. Usable area 16"w.10.5" h.11.5' d.
For "tore information on controllers, expansions and readyto
go sub systems contact sales office. X01-683 week 144
1133per day
Units are in good but usedcondition 240 or 110 vworking-
completewithdata Largestocks of PDP8 spares- enquis.
COOLING PANS
DWES 9" Monitors
Keep your"Hot Parts" cool and reliable with our
range of professional fans
ETA? 99X1101 Miniature equipment fan 240
va. working DIM 92 x 25 mm BRAND NEW
complete with finger guard. Makers price £16
oir priceE9.95
BUHLER 89.11.22 micro miniature 8-16 v DC
811 el DISK
Unbelievable value the DRE 7100 & 7200 8'
disk drives utilise the finest technology to
give you 100% bus compatability with most drives available today; the only difference
DT10 Monitor
a complete
MOTOROLA 9"
video monitor
housed in
re-ersible fan. Measures only 62 x 62 x 22 mm. being our PRICE and the superb manufacturing quality. The 7100 single sided & 7200 an attractive metal
Uses a brushless DC servo motor almost silent double sided drive accept hard or soft sectoring IBM or ANS! standard giving a case DIM approx
running ideal portable equipment, fe in excess
I
massive 0.8 MB (71 C4) 8 1.6 MB (7200) of storage. Absolutely SHUGART, BASF, 10" deep 16" wide and 11
of 10,000 hours. BRAND NEW manufactures SIEMENS etc compatable. Supplied BRAND NEW with user manual and 90 day high. The monitor has a 75 ohm composite
prae £32.00 our priceE/2.97 warranty. video input with a bandwidth of 18 mhz. A
M JFFIN/CENTAUR cooling fans DIM 120 x E225.00 + 9.50 + vat separate internal PSU delivers 5v dc for
120 x 38 mm tested ex equipment 240v £6.25 7100 single sided.
7200 double sided E295.00 + 9.50 carr + vat external use and 12 v DC f orvideo monitor The
1R5vE4.95+ pap £1.90 case has sufficienr room inside for mounting
KOOLTRONICS Powerful snail type blower full technical manual E20.00 alone£9.00 with drive, refund of difference on purchase other units such as 5" disk drives etc. Internal
gi-es massive air movement with centrifugal of driva
ro or DIM as acube8" x 8" x 6"airaperture2.5" x pots give full control overall monitor functions
SHUGART s/h 800-2 8" Drive's 110v 50Hz motori 160 +£9.50 carr. Supplied in a tested as new or little used
2.5" with flange fixing. BRAND NEW 110v 50Hz
ac working ON LYE9.95 + £ 1.90 pap Removed from work ng equipment but untested. SA120 Alignment disKsE9.95 condition. 240v AC.operation£55.00Carnage
and Insurance £ 10.50
ASR33 MOTOROLA 9" open chassis monitor.
SUPER SCOOP I/O

TERMINUS
Standard 240 v AC with composite 75 ohm
video input bandwidth in excess of 18 mhz.
CENTRONICS 739-2
The "Do everything Printer' at price that will NEVER be
a
FR 9s +CAR .
Fully fledged industry standard ASR33 data

Monitors are ex equipment and although
unguaranteed they are all tested prior to
despatch, and have no visible burns on the
terminal. Many features including ASCII
repeated Standard Centronics interface, full g raphics, 4 type keyboard and printer for data I/O auto data screens. Dim approx 9" x 9" x 9". Supplied
fonts with high definition & proportional detect circuitry. RS232 serial interface. 110 complete with mains and input lead. Ideal
spacing for word processor applications, 80-132 baud, 8 bit paper tape punch and reader for ZXB1 etc or giving the tele back to the family!!
columns, single sheet roll or sprocket paper handling plus off line data preparation and ridiculously Black and White phosphor£35.00 + £9.00 Carr.
mcch more. Available only from DI SPLA y E LECTRON CS at a I
cheap and reliable data storage, Supplied in
ridiculous price of onlyE299.00 good condition and in working order
Options: carriage& insuranceEl0.00 SAVE SEMICONDUCTOR
Options: Floor standEl2.50+VAT
Interface CableE10.00 KSR33 with 20ma loop interface£ 125.00 +
RS232 ConverterE45.00 £250 Sound proof enclosure£25.00 + VAT Mixed Semisamazing value contents
include transistors, digital, linear, I.C.'s
r SOFTY
The amazing SOFTY 2. The com pieta"tool kit"
r MAINS FILTERS
Professional type mains filters as used by
r RECHARGEABLE
BATTERIES
triacs, diodes, bridge recs., etc. etc. All
devices guaranteed brand new full spec
with manufacturer's markings, fully
guaranteed 50-E2.95 100+,0. 15
TTL 74 Series A gigantic purchase of an
for tie open heart software surgeon. Copies,
Displays, Emulates ROM, RAM and EPROMS
"Main Frame" manufacturers. Ideal for curing
those unnerving hang ups and data glitches
fit one now and cure ycur problems.
- CYCLON type D001 sealed lead acid "across the board" range of 74 TTL
series I.C.'s enables us to offer 100+
of th a 2516, 2532 variety. Manyotherfeatures maintenance free 2v 2.5 ah. will deliver
Suppression Devices SA5A over 300 amps on short circuit!! Brand new mixed "mostly TTL" grab bags at a price
include keyboard, JHF modulator. Cassette upto5 amp load E3.95 which two or three chips in the bag
interface etc Functions exceed capabilities of at onlyE2.95 would normally cost to buy. Fully
unis costing 7 times the price! Only Corcom Inc F1886upro20 amp load E9.50 SAFT VR2C size'C' 1.2v 2 ah. nickel
Corcom Inc F1900 uptD 30 amp load E12.25 guaranteed all LC.'s full spec 100+.90
Ìá 9.00 pp £1.95 Data sheet cn request `cadmiumEl.50 each 10 forEl1.50 200+E/2.30 300+E/9.50
RCA FOLLY CASED D.C. POWER SUPPLY SPECIALS

Experimentors PSU Ex -GPO unit all silicon electronics. Outputs give +5v@ 2 amps.
300 BAUD
ASCII CODED KEYBOARDS +12v @ 800 ma. -12.@ 800 ma. +24v@ 350 ma.5v @ 50 ma. floating. Dim 160 x120 x
350 mm. All outputs fully regulated and short circuit proof. Removed from working
DATA MODEMS
Join the communications revolution with our
equipment, but untested. Complete with circuit. Transformer guaranteed. Only standard EX GPO 2a/b data MODEMS.
E14.50 +£2.50 pp. Modem operates on standard CCITT tones
POWER ONE CP143 super compact unit giving continuous output of 5v @ 5 amps. with full auto answer facilities. Will switch to
dim. 215 x 67 x 80 ram. BRAND NEW and guaranteed Only £2I.00 + £1.50 pp. ANSWERorORIG NATE.Standard RS232 i/o
CUSTOM POWERC055 5v @ 3 amp. Very compact unit dim. approx60 x90 x190 mm. connections. Ideal networks. DISTEL etc
IDEAL Semi open chassis full crowbar overvoltage protection. Tested Ex Equipment. Complete with data. Untested but good
TANGERINE ON/0 ETC, £11.95+pp£1.25 condition£5S.00 cary. £8.50.
MINI SYSTEM PSL Ex equipment unit ideal for the small micro. Outputs give 5v @
Strs ight from the USA made by the world 3 amps. +12v @ amp and -12v @ 300 ma. Crowbar overvoltage protection and
famous RCA Co., the VP600 Series of cased
freestanding keybcards meet all requirements
of the most exacting user, right dcwn to the
1
current limit. Fully tested. Dim 70 x 165 x 320 mm. Complete with Circuit only£l2.95
+ £2.00 pp.
1200 BAUD
prica! Utilising the latest in switch technology. PERIPHERAL SYSTEM SUPPLY. Fully cased unit supplied in a Brand new or little DATA PUMP MODEMS
used condition. Outputs give 5v @ 11 amps, "+" 15-17v @ 8 amps. "-" 15-17v @ 8 amps Compact unit for use with private or "Dial up
Gus ranteed in excess of 5 million operations. lines Designed tc work in pairs at any baud
The keyboard has a host of other èatures and "+" 24v @ 4 amps. All outputs are crowbar protected and the 5 volt output is fully
regulated. Fan cooler Supplied tested with circuitE55.00 + £8.50 Carr. rate u pto 1200 full duplex (4 wire circu it) or half
incl iding full ASCII 128 characte' set, user duplex (2 wire circuit). Features include
defhable keys, upper/lower case rollover MAIN FRAME SUPPLY. A real beefy unit designed for MINI or MAINFRAME use
outputs give 5 volts @ 50 amps +12v @ 5 amps. -12v @ 10 amps. All output are fully remote test facilities. RS232 i/o lines etc
protection, single 5V rail, keyboarc impervious Supplied with data in working order, but less
to liquids and dust -TL orCMOSoutputs,even regulated with crowtar overvoltage protection on the 5v output. Supplied with circuit
an c n-board tone generator for keypress and tested Ex-Eq tip. 110v AC input. OnlyE49.95 + can. £ 10.50. case coverE65.00 + £4.50 carr.
feedback and a 1 year full RCA backed
guarantee. ELECTRONIC 11111
3Ó
VPE4O1 7 bit fully coded output with delayed
str©e, etc.
VPE 11 Same as VP601 with
E43.95 66%O DISCOUNT COMPONENTS
& EQUIPMENT TEDTTI
numeric pad £54.95 Due to our massive bulk purchasing programme which enables us to bring you the
best possible bargains, we have thousands of I.C.'s, Transistors, Relays, Cap's., P.C.B.'s,
TO CLEAie
REDUCED
VPE-08 Serial, RS232, 20MA and TTL
output with 6 selectable Baud Rates £6426 Sub-assemblies, Switches, etc. etc. surlplus to our requirements. Because we don't Complete input output terminal with Integral8
VP6 16 Same as VP606, with have sufficient stocks of any one item to include in our ads., we are packing all these hole paper tape punch and reader. Unit
U4.34 items into the "BARGAIN PARCEL OF A LIFETIME" Thousands of components at operates at 150 baud in standard ASCII. ideal
numeric pad giveaway prices! Guaranteed to be worth at least 3 times what you play plus we always
Plus and cable for VP601,VP611 £2.25 as a cheap printer for a MICRO etc. 120
include something from our ads for unbeatable value!! Sold by weight columns, Serial data i/o. Supplied complete
Plus for VP606, VP616 £2.10
EI.95 2.5k1sE425 + pp £1.25 SkisE5.90 + pp £1.80 with data, untested unguaranteedE65.00
Pcst Packing and Insurance
ORDER NOW OR SEND FOR DETAILS L 1 OkIsE10.25 + pp £2.25 20kis£17.50 + pp £4.75 J +£11.50cart
All prices quoted arefor U. K Mainland paid cash with order in Pou nds Sti rl ng PL US VAT. Minimum ordervalue£2.00, M inimu m Credit
i
EA SPL
fl A Y
Card orderE 10.00. Minimum BONA FIDE account orders from Government depts, Schools, Universities and establishedcompanies
E20.00 Whe-e post and packing not indicated please ADD 60p + VAT Warehouse open Mon -Fri 9.30 5.30. Sat 10.15 -
We reserve the right to change prices and specifications without notice. Trade, Bulk and Export enquir es welcome.
30.-5
I ifs i 1 _ 64-66 Melfort Road, Thornton Heath, Near Croydon, Surrey AL\
01-689 7702 -01-689 6800 Telex 27924
WIRELESS WORLD OCTOBER 1982 WW - 093 FOR FURTHER DETAILS 113
BRITAIN'S BETTER
BARGAIN STILL IN
WORLD-WIDE DEMAND
WIRELESS WORLD CIRCARDS at 1976 prices 10% discount for 10 sets!
Most sets are still available even though the companion volumes
CIRCUIT DESIGNS 1, 2 and 3 are out of print. (CIRCARDS SETS 1 to 30).
Fill gaps in your circuit

files with these sets of
127 x 204 mm cards
in plastic wallets.
These unique circuit
cards normally
contain descriptions
and performance
wireless world circard Set 14: Digital counters -1
data of 10 tested
Brie Har) amen T,M.I rb
Senek ..talk
a. D, e
allude
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lrvuarJennl.
of D, n.PProamv,ctY
and peuur III
The Q
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peewee II,pRoR
,be tripa circuits, together
with ideas for
Ve, 1V la connected to a het RlpRw The gem a *mural
9 Tr Tru KIP Pn[mul.0 mesr-
R, ul It
S.+Irf Támfure Tr, collare mber of sta.t, and 1 e the
umoflwM1n[+ntbe
eurrent I. reduced, easing a umár of states tNoueM1
Pe m cedeste. toga.. uewg the counkm p,ldlea,es
D,. D.
r.0.a[y
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RS101
100k4a,Yp,agy
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curter decree., eam,na a
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Ran. n1 R,. R. .1e to 421,11
modifying them
to suit special
Teeter wNtg . Ire unher Increase en Tr, collector y ranatun. 140 w
11.. T. mama 0411e
ree. n tá other wá. err. Tr, Ran.ofC, C, 330 to 3100PI
Clad. TaOr cnlbnuemmes heeh
cilvlucnnP i.pr>
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"re[I" áe.. eaten,
depending R, and R. ad14
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a Met Tr. low ad I,er ,npnorely
10 end I foe b*ry cottene,
The Impelnrcuun o! egeee I,x+eased lrey,a,rY W
b r.als, ** mar. pn.bk nnut ,1 n.[ a b*ry m pw+tgk weg
raDtt xR b steam 0.14. eragir on. rippemumcr,kmadamti,the aebemm*IJudncnn.cud
TL Si.. bw n dpw.d-bes Ibe.ce. i a wage ca le
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Tr., allow 014. ad hence Tr, near d the er.tnT .re.
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Mbeoff Thn rerun II wee nnapea 10 Tr, I..
1 2 Switching Circuits, comparators and Schmitts (But these gaps cannot be filled)
Basic Active filters
6 Constant currentcircuits 7 Power amplifiers 8 Astable circuits 9 Optoelectronics 10 Micro power circuits 11 Basic logic
gates 12 Wideband amplifiers 13 Alarm circuits 14 Digital Counters 15 Pulse modulators 16 Current differencing
amplifiers-signal processing 17 Current differencing amplifiers-signal generation 18 Current differencing
-
amplifiers measurement and detection 19 Monostable circuits 20 Transistor pairs 21 Voltage -to -frequency converters
22 Amplitude modulation and detection 23 Reference circuits 24 Voltage regulators 25 RC oscillators - 26 RC 1
oscillators -2 27 Linear cmos - 1 28 Linear cmos -2 29 Analogue multipliers 30 Rms/log/power laws 31 Digital
multipliers 32 Transistor arrays 33 Differential and bridge amplifiers 34 Analogue gate applications - 1 35 Analogue gate
applications- 2.
To IPC Electrical - Electronics Press Ltd. Please send me the following sets of
General Sales Department, Circards: £2 each,
Room 205,
£18 for 10 post free.
Quadrant House,
Sutton, Remittance enclosed payable
Surrey SM2 5AS to IPC BUSINESS PRESS LTD.
Name (Please print)
Company registration in England
Quadrant House, The Quadrant, Address (Please print)
Sutton, Surrey SM2 5AS
Reg. No 877128

TRAN FORM
Qu$.Q
coNT1r Gs
Despatch
by etum h i! pertirmitncee hi! C011i I)'1 iii (,E
12 or 24-VOLT RANGE
MAINS ISOLATORS Separate 12V windir gs Pri 220-240V :r
Pri 0-120; 0-100-120V. Sec 0 -CT -115V x2.
P&P
fief. 12v Amps 24v £ P&P Y
ffl
Ref. VA (Watts) £ 242 300mA 150-nA 2.41' .90
07* 5.32 1.50
PATTERNS
20 213 3.19 1.20 IMO
149 60 8.84 1.60 71
1
2
0.5
1.0 4.25 1.20 ffl
150 100 10.06 1.84 18 4 2.0 4.91 1.60
151 200 13.69 2.12 85 5 2.5 8.78 1.50
152 250 16.31 2.64 70 6 3.0 7.89 1.40
153
154
155
156
350
500
750
1300
20.34
25.02
35.91
45.89
2.12
2.90
OA
OA
108
72
116
17
10
12
16
8 4.0
5.0
6.0
8.0
8.98
9.82
10.89
12.97
1.64
1.80
1.90
2.12
i
An
vr
157 1500 60.52 OA 115 20 10.0 17.48 2.44
ri/
158 2000 72.43 OA 187 30 15.0 21.69 2.64
159 3300 101.12 OA 22f 60 30.0 44.45 OA
161 6000 203.85 OA
L
ffl
*115 or 240v
Pri 0-220-240V.
sec only. State volts required. 30 VOLT RANGE
Sec. Volts available 3, 4, 5,3, 8,9t0, 12,
ri
15,18, 20, 24, 30V or 12V -0-12V or 15V-0-15V A
50 VOLT RANGE2.25v tapped Amps 4I

secs. Volts available 5, 7, 8, 10, 13, 15, 17, 20, Ref. 30v 15v P&P ffll
25, 30, 33,40 or 23V -0-20V or 25V -C -25V 112 0.5 1 3.19 1.20 ffll
Ref. 50v
Amps
25v £ P&P
79
3
1
2
2
4
4.32
6.99
1.40
1.60 v^
102 0.5 1 4.13 1.40 20 3 A 6 8.10 1.85 ffl
103 1 2 5.03 1.40 21 4 M 8 9.67 1.90
104 2 4 8.69 1.84 51 5 p 10 11.95 2.00
13.52 AIK
105 3 6 10.36 1.90 117 6 12 2.02
106 4 8
-
14.10 2.12 88 8 s 16 18.10 2.26 rfr

107 6 12 18.01 1.84 89 10 20 20.88 2.24
sta
118 8 16 24.52 2.70 90 12 24 23.20 OA
119 10 20 30.23 OA 91 15 30 26.60 3.00
109 12 24 36.18 OA 92 20 40 35.64 4.83 lee
ANG SCREENED MINIATURES Pri £40VPF
4t_
Pri 0-120V x2
2x30V tapped secs volts available
6. 8, 10, 12, 16, 18. 20. 24, 30, 36. 4C.
Ref.
238
mA
200 3-0-3 3.11 .90 râ
48. 60V, or 24V -0-24V or 30V -0-30V 212 1A, 1A 0-6, 0-6 3.45 1.20
Amps 13 100 9-0-9 2.59 .80
2.41 .90
Ref. 60v 30v £ P&F 235 330,330 0-9, 0-9
ts
1i/
124 0.5
126
127
1
2 A
1
2
4
4.70
7.15
9.20
1.5C
1.5C
1.9C
207
208
236
500,500
1A, 1A
200,200
0-8-9, 0-8-9
0-8-9, 0-8-9
0-15, 0-15
3.38
4.27
2.41
1.20
1.40
.90
I=
125 3 M 6 13.31 2.02 239 SOMA 12-0-12 3.11 .90 A
123 4 p 8 15.15 2.26 214 300,300 0-20, 0-20 3.39 1.20
40
120
121 8
122 10
5
6
S 10
12
16
19.16
21.88
30.72
2.24
2.64
OA.
221
206
203
204
700 (DC)
1A,
500,500
1A, 1A
lA
20-12-0-12-2)
0-15-20, 0-15-20
0-15-27,0-15-27
0-15-27, 0-15-27
4.13
5.60
4.83
7.30
1.20
1.60
1.50
1.60
1 TO HAND
20 35.76 OA.
189 12 24 41.22 OA
AUTO TRANSFORMERS
400/440V ISOLATORS Voltages available 105, 115, 193, 200, 210, 220, :.: Hand held Colour Pattern Generators. Truly
400/44C to 200/240V 230, 240. For step up or step down.
VA Rif. P&P f Ref. VA (Watts) TAPS E P&P
fflig portable, an overnight charge gives a full day's
60 243 8.11 1.50 113 15 0-10-115-210-240V 2.39 1.20 1_ use from internal batteries. Many in use, both
246 16.07 OA 64 80 0-10-115-210-240V 4.84 1.40
250
350 247 19.88 OA 4 150 0-10-115-200-220-2404/ 6.48 1.60 fflBffl Workshop and Field.
500 0-10-115-200-220-240V 13.30 2.24
500 248 24.77 OA 67
84 1000 0-10-115-200-220-24w 22.70 2.80 ffl Pocket sized, 131 x 81 x 23mm.
1000
2000
250
252
50.53
74.79
OA
OA 93 1500 0-10-115-200-220-2401 28.17 OA ffl
95 2000 0-10-115-200-220-240U 42.14 OA MC10 SERIES
3000
6000- -
253
254
CASto AUTOS
104.86
207.92
OA
OA 73 3000 0-10-115-200-220-240U
80 4000 0-10-115-200-220-240U
57 5000 0-10-115-200-220-24011
71.64
93.01 OA
108.30 OA
OA
i Ideal for TV servicing, both Colour and Mono,
with a 10mV output level and weighing only 250 g
240V cable input USA 115V outlets CONSTANT VOLTAGE ffl inc. battery.
VA
20
80
Price
£7.21
£9.35
P&P
1.25
1.50
Ref
56W
64W
TRANSFORMERS
For 'clean' mains to
computers, peripherals..
7ap Changing
Stabilisers Z AT LESS than £150 inc. P+D
Type. Cased.
150 £12.10 1.84 4W 250VA, £137.36 2-0OVA, £97.50
250 £14.73 1.60 69W
500 £22.14 2.24 67W
500VA £159.43 + £2 o&p + VAT RGB 11 SERIES
1kVA íf213.12 ffl
1000 £33.74 2.80 84W ffl Just the answer for Commercial and Hobby CCTV
2000 £60.47 OA 95W
COTSWOLD TOR OIDALS monitors, VDU's and Video Games, with an
INVERTERS
(Cased) 12V irput 240V a.c. OFF THE SHELF output that is TTL Compatible and weighs only
13 amp socket outlet. 100W 30VA, 60VA, 100VA, 160VA, 230VA, 330VA, 530VA 220 g inc. battery.
continuous (tool rating
150W). f48 p&p £2 + VAT. Send for list £120 inc. P+D
24V input and 250W, 500W .
PLEASE ADO 15% VAT AFTER P&P
1000W available. Overseas post eon"
Features of both models include:
OTHER PRODUCTS Y 8 CCIR 1 PAL Colour Patterns
71
AVO TEST METERS
(Handy
Model £122.10
8 Mk. 5 Latest
£49.30
MAINS BATTERY ELIMINATORS
No wiring, ready to plug into 13A socket. 3, 4.5V,
6, 7.5V 9, 12V DC (& 300mA £5.10 + £1.20 p&p
e
ems
Fingertip tuning: UHF channels 21 thru 41
Subcarrier freq: 4.433619 MHz, crystal controlled
73 portable sze) £68.90 +VAT15% râ
MM5 Minor £43.60 Lines: 625 derived from subcarrier
DA211 LCD Digital £58.51 ANTEX SOLDERING IRONS 155 CCN240 or C £5. ís/ Sound: FM + 6 MHz, modulated at 650 Hz
DA212 LCD Digital £81.90 Safety stand £1.75 25W X25 £5.30
DA116 LCD Digital (131.30 12V 25W car soldering kit £5.30, m Video Modulation: Negative, double sideband
Megger 70143 500v £101.51 P&P 50p + VAT %
Megger Battery 8M7 £71 60 Red, Green and Blue TTL Output signals
DA117 Autorange LCD
:I Blanking Pulse and other characteristics
£157.00 CABLES
Avo Cases and Accessories eg: URM 70 Multicores, singles. Phone for quote. in accordance with CCIR
P&P £1.60 + VAT 15%
Precision De -Solder Pumps - Spring loaded. Offl BOTH COMPLETE with Carrying Case, 75 Ohms Aerial Lead or
BRIDGE RECTIFIERS quick action button release for one hand TTL Output Lead, Nicad Battery, Mains Power Unit Battery
200v 2A 45p working. Large £5.86 P&P 35p+ JAT. Small £5.17 It
400v 2A 55p Charger and Handbook
100v
100v
25A+
35A
£2.10
£2.60
P&P 30p -VAT. Replacemert tips: Small
65p- VAT. Laroe 860- VAT. r
ffl PLUS MC32 Series of BENCH MODELS for all
200v 4A 65p Telephones: Trimphone £28 + 61,20 p&p + VAT. WON
Desk phones 746 £11.50 + £1 20 p&p + VAT. Applications
.9
400v 4A 85p BBB
400v 6A £1.40 Wall . hones £14.50 + £1.20 p&p + VAT. ffl
500v 12A £2.85
P&P 20p. VAT 15%
M ÁLí XIDE RESISTORS £11100
Special Offer TR4 5% Electrosll (100s only)_ Use in place
+ VAT Fully Guaranteed for One Year, send for FREE DATA
of c.film. 4711 - 7511 18011. 36011 - 3100 - 43011 - 47011 - w
ffll
51011-5600.82011.1K-1K2-1K3-l<6-1K8.2K-2K4- House of Instruments
Send 20p for catanopue. 3K-16K-20K.22K-24K-27K-47K-82K-100K-110K- Clifton Chambers, 62 High Street
Prices corracl at 27/8/81
Barrie Electronics Ltd.

120K - 130K - 180K - 220K - 270K - 3001:. P&P 30p + VAT
: Saffron Walden, Essex CB101EE
Tel: 107991 24922 Telex: 818750
3,THE MINORIES,LONDON EC 3N 1BJ

p
ffl vrtA
E Extended
CREDIT
available
TELEPHONE: 01-488 3316/7/8 h i! contpc1 it ivt h i! House of Instruments Ltd.

NEAREST TUBE STATIONS: ALDGATE & LIVERPOOL ST
WW 039 FOR FURTHER DETAILS - WW - 067 FOR FURTHER DETAILS
ELECTRONICS AND ProfessiOnal quality electronic components, brand new and fully guaranteed. Mall order by
H E IVIVVI I N G S MICROCOMPUTERS return of post. Cash/Cheque/POs or Banker's Draft with order, payable to Hemmings Electron-
ic Ltd.
16 BRAND ST Official orders from schools, colleges and universities welcome. Trade and export enquiry
HTCHIN Tel: (0462) 33031 welcome.
Shop open Mon. -Sat. 9 a.m.-5.30 p.m. P.&P. add BOp to all orders under £10. Telephone your Access orders, using our 24-hr.
IfRTS Closed all day Wednesday Ansaphone service. Please send SAE for full price list.
SG5 1JE VAT - All prices exclusive of VAT Please add 15% to total cost Including P.&P.
-
No VAT on ex rt orders or books.
r Tn L 366A 40250 NEAR ICa ,COMPUTER IG 2N3771 1110p
LS00 46p 'LS367A 76p 4027 4518 110p 709 26p 2114/ 110p BC107 BD879A soy T1PB 17Opp 2193772 180p EPSON
PRINTERS
LS01
im úi3 310p 153684 30p 1028 4517 280p 741 8pin 26p
46p 741 14pin 2131 2114
BC107B 80680AX Rp T1P35C 185p 2193773 260p
I
MX8OFTT
1589 Ip
L.S02 LS373 IllOp 4029 4518 t10p Type 11320
30111
210p BC108 BFY50 24p TIP36 170p 2193819
I
LS03
L704
12p L146
12p 15151
sip LS374
Sep LS375
NIP 4032
40p
4619
4520
2632
2718 210p 8C108B 13FY51 le
Sip T1P36A 1719 2N3821
213p
120p
Type II
As Type but including High
L305
4033 ÓP 7475 116p6p
2732 S70p 8C109 1111p Time 136p 2193822 120p
I
12p LS153 Sep 15377 ;'Op 3. Resolution Bit Image Printing

7408 1Óp1-5154 150p LS378
NIp 4034
80p 4035
4621
4522
748
4116 eóp BC1098
600p. BC109C 1 BF244A
BSX19
30p
Zip
11P36C 160e0p 2193823 lip 960 dots/line E330
LS08
LS9
10
L11
15p
lip
lip
L3157
LS158
L'3155
L156
3119 LS379
36p LS385
30p LS386
30p LS390
Nip 4038
28/11p.
46p
NIP'.
,4040
4042
4043
4528
4527
4628
4529
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70p CA3130E
70p LA442
LF355
120p1 LENA2
4164
6118
8502
*Op 6900
BBp 68B00
600p, BC147
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BC157
S60R, BC158
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229
BSX20
iMJE2J451
MJE251
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Illp
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TIP41
11P41A
119418
60p
2193824
2193866
2193903
2193904
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Type III
As Type II but includes Super
& Subscripts Auto Underlining
end Italics E73ä
L12 16p LS180A 36p LS393 46p 4530 I0p LF357 480p 8C177 83 Tn1P42C 2193905 lop Securicor Carriage
4041 100p MJE340 60p
L13 211.6 15161A SIP 15395 Np 4631 6802 343p BC178 25p 11P42A s063pp 2193906 lop on ell Printers E8
4048 Nap BC179 MJE350 90p 2194123 25p
1514
1515 1.
311p' L182A
15163A
Sip. 18398
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1309
120p
404.9U
4050
4632
4534
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460p LM308A BBp
6809
50p 681309 BC182
BC182A
le
lop
MJE370
!MJE520
Np
Np
11P47
T1P42B
T1P42C
76p
eóp ,2194125 28p
36W Connector IDC E4.60
1p' Lá164 8809E 2194391 70p OPTO ELECTRONICS

1520
L21 lip 15165
40p LS490
80p LS540
120p
70p 4052
'4051 4536
4638
290p LM311N
90p LM324
BBp
36p
6810
1273M0pp
120p BC1828
1p
M JE2955 90p 11948 6p 2194392 70p LIGHT EMITTING DIODES
L22 16p1LS166 4639 6821 180p BC183A 161.1E3055 O6p 11P49 oop 2144400 20p
(LED/
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L28 120p, 15568 clip 4060 4541 110p. LM3/8 75p !MRF4S0A 3mm Red 11/209 10p
1527 16p 15189 120p 15569 4543 8840 »Op BC184 T1P110 70p 2194402 26p
3mm Green LD37C
348p, 4086 881340 800p BC184C 1290p 11P111 759 2194403 nip 150
1528 75p LS640 1600' 4068 4544 LM380 Np 10p MRF475 Panel Clip
12s6p BC212 TIP112 60p 2194410 46p
1530
1532
lÓp 15173
16p'. L174
10p LS641
409 LS842
loop 40690
160p 4070
4547
4549
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LM3909
90p
86p
6844
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5mm Green, Yellow
41,
10p
15p
10p. L5175 8850 7f6p BC212B
14Op MPS3840 30p T1P118 73p 2194856 000
40p LS643
lip
160p 4071 4551 1089 MC1310P 210p
250p BC213A tlp MPS3846 30p 11P117 48p 2194857 Panel Clip
1537
74,í8A
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lÓp13192
LS644
120p 15645
160p
1609
4072
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MC1458
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136p
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25p
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120p LS870 1360. 4075 4555 469 MC1458 26p 75451 70p C214C ,MPSA13 20p T1P122
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76p 2194920 130p Tricolour V518P 70p
1540 20p' 15190 44p 15798 120p 4078 4658 46p MC3242A 830p C237A 1p MPSA14 20p Red Flashing COX21
75452 70p T19125 46p 2194921 108p
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LS47 6p151 155798 IOp 4658 1269 MC3340P 120p
75491 70p C237C MPSA18 20p 119126 2194922 Np
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30p 2194923 Dap
L544 /193 4659 MC3401 eóp 8T26A
70p
120p C238A 1plat MPSA42 28p 11P141 140p 2195190 lip IC SOCKETS
LS49 116p 15194A 4061 4660 ep
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1551 16p¡ 15196A 4561 100p 8T28 120p C2388 MPSA56 25p 11P142 180p 2195191 lap
4093 8195 90p C238C MPSA83 30p 119145 140p 2195192 lap Profile Wrap Pin
1554 1ep,,15196 NIP 4682 MC3480 15IiP 1p
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(0114A(f)
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PANEL MOUNTING
500mA; lA either model.
in 5o, loo, 5004A; 1, 6, 10, 50,100 ELECTRO ALUE RESISTORS
2%
each 10 of one value 1p.
Nullard metal film 5.1 ohms 300K - p
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FOR SERVICE YOU CAN TRUST 10 for n.
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QM MN VEROBOX CASES a
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ROTARY (P20) 100 ohms -4M7 lin, 220 ohms -2M2 log 32p
CARBON
ABS, light grey top; dark grey bottom + 2 anodised panels or with switch - 874; Dual gang (JP20) 4K7 -2M2 lin. or log 964 or
L D H TYPE PRICE with switch [1.50.
MULTIMETERS 205 140 40 21034 [4.62 SLIDERS 58mm, low cost 10K -1M log only 27p; Std 58mm mono
4K7 -1M lin or log 784, Stereo matched [129; Graduated !eels 344.
MN4A TN MI 205
205
140
140
75
110
21035
21036
01.02
15.54 PRESET min. 10mm dia. Horizontal or vert 100 ohms -1M ea. 134.
H E W - 20K17/V: 180 120 39 21037 [4.11 Cermet 10mm dia. Noria. or Vert. 10043-1 M sa. öp. Cannot rectilinear
20Kf7N: AC/OC/R/ 180 120 65 21038 [4.40 type tip; 1000-1M ea. [1.011. PLESSEY MPW moulded carbon 4711-
AC/DC/- d8/franen- 180 120 90 21039 [4.118 2M2 ea. 584.
RES./d8 tsr Test: 155 85 39 21040 [331
n 13 i n 2 1
155 85 60 21041 0.81 DISCOUNTS ON ALL PRICES EXCEPT PRICES MARKED N
enges 155 85 80 21042 [4.30
130 xNx 145x%x 125 65 30 21047 [2.36
37mm 4Srnrn 125 65 39 21048 [2.69
[112Mf c1845N 125 65 50 21049 (337 CMOS SUPER SAVERS! 1
SOLDERING IRONSdevices, accaasorisa, etc ALL ITEMS BRAND NEW AND GUARANTEED To SPEC.
Also large bits,
stocks of desoldering
4000 144 4016 564 4027 324 4009 lp
4001 13p 4018 254 4029 504 4070
ANTEX C -240V 14.0051; X.25 -240V 06.3050; CSBP 15.4650; XSBP
155850; ST4 Stand [1.7050. CAPACITORS
POLYSTYRENE, SIEMENS 5% Tolerance. 160V
4002
4006
144 4017
4018
42p
564
4029
40.70
674
60p
4071
4072
lap
184
ORYX 50 watt temp. controlled 113.7650; Stand 14.0050.
SOLDER 5000m/19SWG [7.6050; Desolder braid 1.5m 84p. 5. 7, 10, 12, 15, 18, 22, V, 33, 39pF 144; 47, 56, 68, 82. 100, 120, 150, 4007 w 4019 36p 4041 1104 4081
- 180, 220, 270, 330, 390, 470, 560, 680,13204F; In. 1n2, 155. 158, 2n2, 4008 504 4020 53p 4042 624 4052 18pp
257, 353, 359, 457124; 556, 658, 8n2, 10n 124. 4009 364 4021 1504 4043 56p 4093 384
SWITCHES
Type 1P/12 5
Way.d,. a
CERAMIC Very Small. 1.8, 2.2, 2.7, etc. up Mine each. 1n5, 2n2,
4010
4011
364 4022
4023
194
194
4044
4046
664
739
4610
4611
594
564
MIN. TOGGLES'
C S7101, SPOT Sip; 57201 DPOT Sop, S7301 SPOT
Á48ipp
353, 457, 658 p; 10n, 22n Bp. 33n, 47n 7p; 100n Sp. 4012 1p 4024 444 4048 254 4618 634
E1.84; S7401 4POT [2.75; 7211 1P3W [1.40; Centre off S7103 SPOT POLYESTER, SIEMENS LAYER -TYPE 7.5mm lead spacing 100V 4013 294 4025 lap 4060 28p 4618 464
71p; S7203 DPOT 39, n5, 356n, 84, p;; 6n8622n,,. 8n2, 10nSp; 4014 804 4028 1044 4000 1104 4620 884
Push button min 1631 make/8633 break 1120; 8225 DPOT [134 - 124; 47n 395 120 , 15Ón 114;
y 190n, í220n, Above prices are nef
DUAL IN UNE ERG colour coded 0.3'x0.1" format. On/Off single 124, 15305, pace, 470n 154; 22.5, s 210: 10Ornm spacing154;
throw 2P SDS2 544; 4P SDS4 884; 0P SOSO [1.30; 8P SDS6 [1.57; 242 36p; spacing 1µF 400V 6Bp;
h stooks. UriiiivCieb
10P SOSO 1210.
LOW COSTD -I -L 4P ONS04 tip; 8P ONS05 [1.
Indpplrnm
(for LS X-overs) 50V peak 2µF MrF

I© ORDERS
PROFESSIONAL KEYBOARD FOR USE WITH DIJON nun 23.3µ0V604; ACCEPTED BY MAIL OR TELEPHONE
Keyboard Cass for above [13.4Má POL.ARIB 10, IBÉMBiBMULLARD FOR GUALRVF TME (to our Egham address)
(FN) 10/40, 47/10 11p; 47/25 124; 100/10134; 10/63, E222//40, 100/16 GIRO A/C NO. 35471/4002
144; 22/63, 47/40. 100/25, 100/40154; 220/10, 220/16189; 220/25 184
NICAD CHARGERS D - NC1230 152050; Power
220/40209; 470/10, 470/16, 470/25, 100/10 ltp; 470/40, 1000/16279; VAT - eddttosnl at 16% on ale U.K. ardent
For PP3 - NC/5G [4.8650; for AA, or
C 1000/25 Be; 1000/40, 2200/16 449; 1000/63 784; 2200/40, 4700/16
Units M W88 3/4.5/6/7.5/9/12V; 13A fitting 300mA out 0.40; HC244R FREE POSTAGE and packing on U.K. C.W.O. ordara 15.75 inc.
134. VAT. and upwards. Under add 404 inc. VAT.
DC Stabilised 3/6/7.5/9V 400mA out 026.
DISCOUNTS on orders over 03.00 - 5%
PLl70GABLE SIEMENS single ended on orders over 1207.50 - 10%
1/63, 2.2/63, 4.7/63lpp; 10/63, 22/63 1 22/40, 47/16 lip; 47/40124;
BOXES ;
47/63154; 100/16, 100/25124; 100/40 610; 100/63 204 220/10 134

Discounts do not apply to 'Net' items (shown by N after the price, or
to orders paid for by credit card)
High quality Black ABS plaatrc or decant plain or stove 220/16, 220/25134; 470/6.3154; 470/101íP; 470/18154; 70/25214;
Way Most items are available from stock and despatched promptly. Unfo-
470/4020p; 1000/10224; 1000/16244. reseen delays are notified and customers instructions awaited
l50 W D AIS MAN 51088 0
014
LARGE CANS - SIEMENS
50 25 - 5001P 5071 12
2200/63 [1.77; 4700/40 [1.78; 4700/63 12.58; 4700/100 0.54; Headquarters for mail orders and shop
100 10 25 3802 lip 5002P 11174 5002 11544
10000/16E1.93; 10000/25(2.78; 22000/16020; 22000/25[4.73.
113 63 31 2003 11 9313P 1434 5003 1014
121 M 40 2C04 11Ep 5004P 184 5004 7164 TANTALUM
; 2.2/35. 4.7/16 lip; 10/6.3
ELECTROVALUE LTD
152 52 50 3006 134 SERF 2144 5006 sap 0.1/35, 0.22/35, 0.47/35, 1/35, 2.2/16 1 2M St. Jude's Road, Englefield Green, Eyhan, Sirey Tara OHO
162 113 61 2106 ap 5006P 314 5006 4664 lip; 4.7/35, 10/16, 22/6.3, 10/25 lip; 22 16, 22/25, 33/10, 47/6.3. 100/3 Telephone Egham (STD 0784; London 87)33803; Telex 2í4475
304.
Northern Branch (Personal shoppers only)
9810 MME plastic box« 8 MME pralinaient Instrument
LOW LEAKAGE All single ended
W Cases INC Burnage, Manchester M19 NA 1
L D
0.1/50, 0.22/50, 0.47/50 4.7/35 1 1/50, 2.2/50, 4.7/50 124; 10/16, Cornpusing at:
72 47 25 21024 114 134 10 44 21081 OJM 22/6, le; 10/35, 22/10, 22/16,22/35, 47/6, 47/10 124; 47/16, 100/612p.
120 50 35 21310 le 224 140 64 21010 [113211
DEj VERY BY RETURN AU. ITEMS EX STOCK
700 Surnage Lane, Manchester (061-431 4866)
110 110 55 21311 151e 302 170 M 21061 [143881
11000 r RADFORD
PRINTER Audio Measuring Instruments,
Audio Amplifiers, Loudspeakers and
A 9" rack mounted printer for industrial or
1
Loudspeaker Components for the
professional and enthusiast
laboratory data recording.
RADFORD AUDIO LTD.
10 BEACH ROAD
WESTON-S-MARE, AVON BS23 2AU
TEL. 0934 416033
7x5 impact dot matrix.

AEIL
32 characters on 3 -plain paper.
Red-Black printing on one line.
Internal 4 year calendar clock option.
AT
Available with RS232, IEEE488 & paral lel
BCD input options. Standard 96 character,
alphanumeric character set. Foreign Ian uages,
SPEED
including Arabic, Cyrillic & Greek also available.
TO BE CRYSTAL CLEAR
Digitalis LTD
3 Reading rd.
Lower Basildon
Berks RG8 9NL
049162 775
Tel.
MOD approved
029-34-5353 Telex 87116 Aero G
CAA approved
118
Appointments
Advertisements DISPLAYED APPOINTMENTS VACANT: £15.50 per single col. centimetre (min. 3cm).
accepted up to 12 noon LINE advertisements (run on): £3 per line, minimum £20 (prepayable).
Wednesday, September BOX NUMBERS: £3 extra. (Replies should be addressed to the Box Number in the advertise-
29th, for November is- ment, c/o Quadrant House, The Quadrant, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5AS).
sue, subject to space be- PHONE: IAN FAUX, 01-6613033 (DIRECT LINE)
ing available. Cheques and Postal Orders payable to IPC Business Press Ltd.
?s, :<ö;.:.
`Y<
ALWAYS AHEAD WITH

THE BEST!
£5,000-£15,000
* Experienced in: Mini/Microprocessor hardware or Software; Digital and
Analogue circuitry; and Microwave techniques?
* Where RF
does your interest lie: Image processing; Automation;
Datacomms; Radar; Nay -Aids; Video; Medical; Telemetry; Simulation;
Satcom; Local Area Nets?
* There are opportunities in: Design; Test; Service; Sales; Systems;
Production; Quality and Research.
* First call: Contact MIKE GERNAT on 076 384 676/7 (usually until p.m.) 8
ELECTRONIC COMPUTER AND MANAGEMENT APPOINTMENTS LIMITED

11750)
148-150 High St Eiarkway, Royston, Herts SG8 8EG.
,
BROMLEY HEALTH AUTHORITY
ELECTRONICS
Electronic Engineers 13m1

TECHNICIAN
(one of 3 -
graded as Medical
Physics Ill)
What you want, where you want: required for acceptance testing
and routine maintenance of
electriobiomedical equipment and
other electronic equipment. Based
TJB Electrotechnical Personnel Services is a specialised appointments in Orpington district
Salary scale £5,536-£7,155 plus
service for electrical and electronic engineers. We have clients throughout £557 London Weighting p.a.
For further details telephone The
the UK who urgently need technical staff at all levels from Junior Technician Chief Eleptronics Technician on
to Senior Management. Vacancies exist in all branches of electronics and Orpington 27050 Ext 29
Write or telephone for job descrip-
allied disciplines - right through from design to marketing - at salary tion and application form to
District Personnel Officer
levels from around £4000 to £12000 p.a. "Bassetts", Starts Hill Road
Farnborough, Kent
If you wish to make the most of your qualifications and experience and Telephone Farnborough 50254
Closing date:
move another rung or two up the ladder we will be pleased to help you. 29th September, 1982
117921
All applications are treated in strict confidence and there is no danger of
your present employer (or other companies you specify) being made aware DIGITAL EXPERIENCE?
FIELD SUPPORT
of your application. R & D AND SALES
MNNNNN VACANCIES IN COMPUTERS
NC, COMMS., MEDICAL
VIDEO, ETC.
TJB ELECTROTECHNICAL Please send me a TJB Appointments Registration form:
For free registration ring
PERSONNEL SERVICES, 0453 883264
LEX
Name 01-290 0267
12 Mount Ephraim,
Tunbridge Wells,
Kent. TN4 SAS. Address
Tel 0892 39388 ELECTRONICS RECRUITMENT SERVICE

861 LOGEX HOUSE, BURLEIGH, STROUD
GLOUCESTERSHIRE GL5 2PW
TEL. 0453 883264, 01-290 0267 ,32,

Appointments
Test Engineers ë+ti:e.:':` ;\

and Technicians
-Wen6ley,1Yliddlesex
Racal -BCC are members of the fault finding of the Company's
highly successful Racal Electronics equipments at various stages of
Group and are world leaders in the manufacture.
design and manufacture of tactical radio
communications equipment. We require Applicants should be qualified to
HNC/HTC level and have experience of
a number of test technicians and test
radio communications equipment.
engineers to fill a variety of grades within Please apply in writing to:
the Test Department on both the day and We offer excellent conditions of The Personnel Officer
night shift. The department is responsible service including good basic pay and a Racal -BCC, South Way
for the manual and automatic testing and Group Productivity scheme. Wembley, Middlesex
Racal-BCC R A QA 0
World leaders in electronics 11773)
CAREER OPPORTUNITY WITH TOP BRITISH MICRO MANUFACTURER

APPOINTMENTS
IN
ELECTRONICS TECHNICIAN ELECTRONICS

to £15,000
TO SUPPORT OUR DEVELOPMENT MICROPROCESSORS
COMPUTERS - MEDICAL
ENGINEERING TEAM DATA COMMS - RADIO
Design, test, field and

support engineers - for
£5600 TO £845O,ØXFORD-BASED
immediate action on
salary and career ad-
vancement, please
contact.
The Research Machines Basic Systems liaison with contractors
Group designs, develops and implements
the hardware and systems software
We are looking for candidates with HNC `Technomar&
enhancements which have established
the 380Z as one of the UK's top experience -
qualifications and one or two years practical
particularly in prototype wiring
for circuit boards and digital electronics. It is
11, Westbourne Grove
London W2.01-229 9239 (1296)
professional microcomputer systems. likely that you will also have experience in
We now have an opportunity for a one or more of: technical drawing: analogue
qualified and enthusiastic electronics systems; microprocessors; and/or prototype VIDEO ENGINEER
technician to join this important team testing. We are looking for an engi-
and provide a comprehensive range of We offer a particularly attractive range neer to service and maintain
support services to it. of benefits, including good salary;
our specialist video products.
Working on equipment up to
The job will include: 25 days paid holiday; free BUPA, life broadcast level the applicant
and disability insurance; pension scheme must be between 25 and 40,
assembly and test of prototypes and help with relocation expenses. have a good understanding of
installation and maintenance of electronics and possess a cur-
equipment If you are interested in this vacancy, rent driving licence. We offer
enormous potential to the
preparation of documentation please contact Pat Kember by 'phone or successful applicant. Salary
control of stocks of components and letter for an application form negotiable depending upon
consumables WW8 experience.
Contact Fred Smith or Peter
RESEARCH MACHINES Rowsell, Polar Video Limited,
17-18 Brook Mews North, Lon-
MICROCOMPUTER SYSTEMS don W2 3BW. Telephone: 01-
724 3736/3779.
RESEARCH MACHINES LTD mill ' tmr), 1)r(ß ,rd 0\2 1)BW 72b lo
I
(1786)

Appointments
ROYAL OBSERVATORY, EDINBURGH
PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNOLOGY OFFICERS

(2 POSTBI
There are two vacancies for Professional and Technology Officers at the Royal Observatory, Edin-
burgh which is an establishment of the Science and Engineering Research Council. Both vacancies are
in the Technology Unit which provides engineering support to the three national facilities for which the
Royal Observatory is responsible -the UK Infrared Telescope Unit, the UK Schmidt Telescope Unit
-
and the Image and Data Processing Unit and also to in-house research programmes.
-
PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNOLOGY OFFICER GRADE II £6868 to £9241 pa
This vacancy is in a small team of engineers and scientists currently working on infrared techniques
in the 1-5µm and 7-13µm bands on applying these techniques to the design and development of
astronomical instruments such as photometers and spectrometers for use on the 3.8m UK Infrared
Telescope in Hawaii.
DUTIES
The successful applicant will be responsible to the team leader, a PTO I, and will work closely with a
project astronomer, who is a physicist, and will be required to:
1.Assist in the evaluation of infrared detectors, both single elements and arrays to determine their
performance and optimum operating conditions using the necessary electronic and cryogenic appara-
tus.
2. Develop low noise preamplifiers for use with the above detectors under low infrared radiation levels.
3. Develop suitable thermal and mechanical mounting and packaging methods for detector preampli-
fier combinations for use in instruments.
4. Assist in the design, development, test and commissioning of such instruments both in respect of
the above detector/preamplifier packages and also the associated optics, mechanics and cryostats.
The successful candidate may also be required to work abroad on short term detached duty or on
postings of up to three years. It is a prerequisite of working in Hawaii that a special high altitude
medical examination be taken and passed.
QUALIFICATION AND EXPERIENCE
Applicants are expected to have a degree or equivalent in an appropriate subject such as Electronic
Engineering, Applied Physics or Physics leading to corporate membership of the appropriate profes-
sional body.
Recent experience of the theory and practice in any of the following would be an advantage: Low
light level imaging systems, especially at infrared wavelengths, cryogenics, low noise, low-level
analogue signal amplifiers, optics design.
Applicants are expected to be able to programme in a high level language such as FORTRAN, or be
prepared to acquire such ability, as the instruments are controlled by means of minicomputers.
Applicants are expected to be skilled in the use of a wide variety of laboratory instruments and must
possess manual skills appropriate to assembly and disassembly of small electromechanical devices
and to the handling of cryofluids. Applicants must have good eyesight (with glasses if worn).
-
PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNOLOGY OFFICER GRADE III £6868 to £7876 pa
This vacancy is in the Laboratory Workshop which is currently working on a variety of devices for the
measuring of photographic plates and on instruments for use on telescopes at visual and infrared
wavelengths.
DUTIES
1. Supervise the electronic and wiring activities of the Laboratory Workshop.
2. Organise and maintain the electronic instrument, tool, component and wire stores of the Technology
Unit.
3. Be directly involved with Technology Unit Scientific and Technical staff in the instruction, de-
velopment, testing and maintenance of instrumentation and equipment associated with the national
facilities, in-house research and the work programmes of the Technology Unit. Preparation of
drawings may form a part of these duties and training will be provided as required.
4. Deputise in the general Laboratory Workshop supervision as and when required.
QUALIFICATIONS AND EXPERIENCE

Applicants must have an ONC/SCOTEC or equivalent and should have served a recognised appren-
ticeship in electronic engineering. Experience in light electrical or electronic wiring and assembly is
essential and knowledge of the mechanical assembly and test of complex instruments would be an
advantage.
Applücation forms for both posts are available from the Personnel Officer, Royal Observatory, Blackford
Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, and should be returned by 1 October 1982.
(1783

Telecommunications Share in the Sony
Broadcast Success Story
Officers One of the world leaders In professional broadcast
television equipment and systems, we are currently
Up to £9270 undergoing a significant planned expansion
The posts available are varied, but broadly they fall into 2 programme. A number of excellent career
groups at 5 different locations. opportunities now exist and applications are invited for
the following positions:
Hanslope Park (Milton Keynes), North Bucks and Central Systems Project Engineer
London To loin a young and enthusiastic team involved in the
Work associated with HF communications equipment, design, manufacture and commissioning of complex
VHF, UHF and microwave links and associated test static and mobile television systems. Candidates for
equipment; teleprinters, telephone subscribers' apparatus, this challenging and responsible position should have
PMBXs, PAXs, PABXs and ancillary equipment including that direct experience of sound and television principles
gained in operational television or its allied
using analogue and digital techniques and voice frequency manufacturing industry.
telegraph. Proposals Engineer
Ideal for engineers experienced in the Broadcast TV
Crowborough, Sussex and Orfordness, Suffolk industry whopow wish to utilize their knowledge in a
The maintenance and operation of high power, medium dynamic commercial environment Duties will include
and short wave broadcasting transmitters and associated the preparation of detailed and concise customer
proposals, complete with pricing information and
equipments. extensive customer and inter Company liaison will be
Candidates must have had appropriate training. They necessary
should normally have 4 years' relevant experience, and hold Field Service Engineer
either ONC in Engineering (with pass in Electrical To be engaged in the service and repair of a wide
Engineering 'A') or ONC in Applied Physics or TEC/SCOTEC range of sophisticated equipment, including video
certificate or City & Guilds Telecommunications Technicians cameras, VTR's and editing control systems A high
Certificate Part II (Course No 271), or Part plus 3 'B' subjects
I level of self motivation and initiative is required in order
to successfully undertake customer visits throughout
or a pass in the Council of Engineering Institutions Part I
Europe, Africa and the Middle East

examination or an equivalent or higher relevant
Sales Engineer (UK)
qualification. Ex -Service personnel who have had suitable An engineer with experience in operational television
training and at least 3 years' appropriate service (as Staff or its allied manufacturing industry is required to join
Sergeant or equivalent) will also be considered. our UK sales team Applicants should be aged 25 35
Salary: £5980-£8180; London £1087 more. Starting salary highly motivated and able to work on their own
may be above minimum for those with additional relevant initiative. Previous sales experience would be
experience. Promotion prospects. advantageous although this is not essential
Commissioning/OA Support Engineer
Relocation assistance may be available To loin a small team responsible for the evaluation of
product performance. Key activities will include
For further information and an application form (to be commissioning. assistance in product customisation
returned by 7th October 1982) write to Civil Service and the establishment and maintenance of ATE
Commission, Alencon Link, Basingstoke, Hants, RG21 1JB, or Lecturer
telephone Basingstoke (0256) 68551 (answering service To conduct theoretical and practical training courses
operates outside office hours). Please quote ref: T/5782. on our major products Applicants should have
experience of professional broadcast television
equipment and possess the ability to present ideas
Foreign and Commonwealth clearly.
1f you like the thought of enjoying the success of world
Office (1764) leadership together with a highly attractive salary and

benefits package, write with details of career to date,
and present salary to: Mike Jones, Senior Personnel
Officer, Sony Broadcast Ltd, City Wall House, Basing
View, Basingstoke, Hants RG21 2LA. Telephone
(0256) 55011
ELECTRONICS ENGINEER Sony Broadcast Ltd.
City Wall House
emssom-
S7 11rß iZ
HasinshireRGasingstoke
Hampshire RG21 2LA
We have a world wide reputation in the design and manufacture of **
United Kingdom
automatic handling equipment for the production of hybrid Broadcast Telephone (0256) 55 011
circuits. (1787)
We require a Technician; Electronics Engineer to loin our design

team. The applicant should have experience of simple Digital
Control Circuits and some analogue circuitry work, and will be
joining a team that is responsible for the design, development and CAPITAL HOUSE
testing of these automatic systems. 29-30 WINDMILL
The applicant should have had several years experience in the C4PITAL
APPOINTMENTS LTD
STREET
LONDON W1P 1HG
above field and will be in possession of ONC or similar as an TEL: 01-637 5551
absolute minimum qualification.
THE UK's No. 1 ELECTRONICS AGENCY
Salary is negotiable butwill reflect the seniority of the position Design, Development and Test to £14,000
Applicants should write, enclosing full C V. to: Ask for Brian Cornwell
(1772)
SALES to £15,000 plus car
H. E. IRWIN Ask for Maurice Wayne
PRODUCTION DIRECTOR FIELD SERVICE to £12,000 plus car
00K DEK Printing Machines Ltd. Ask for Paul Wallis
22 Albany Road We have vacancies in ALL AREAS of the U.K.

Granby Industrial Estate a Free Jobs List
Ask for
WEYMOUTH
Dorset DT4 9TH Telephone: 01-637 5551 (3 lines) (291)
Please mark the envelope HEI. 100

Appointments
Radio/Radio Relay Techs -2-year training assignments in Saudi
On balance,you'd be better off

with Lockheed TA)(
3o°IOTT,X
defence system, we figure it's the least we can do.
For a Radio Tech's job to be yours, you need a C&G or
forces equivalent and at lPfflt seven years experience in
When you compare an electronics technician's job in the UK HF (SSB), VHF/UHF and SHF equipment, and for Radio Relay
with working for Lockheed in Saudi Arabia, there's no contest. you'll also need multiplex and tropo experience.
Because with Lockheed, you win on just about every count. On balance it's not much to ask when we've so much to
You won't pay any tax at all for the two years you're with us. offer, and what's more we give you free equipment familiarisation
And you'll earn over £20,000 during that time. courses before you go.
To help you turn earnings into savings, we give you for free Contact The Senior Recruitment Executive (Lockheed), IAL,
all the things some of the others make you pay for - free Personnel Consultancy, Aeradio House, Hayes Road, Southall,
Middlesex UB2 5NJ. Tel: 01-574 5000. Please quote ref LI30.
bachelor accommodation, food and laundry; free return flights
to the UK for your three leave periods a year; medical and life
insurance.
But when you're tackling an important job like training
Royal Saudi Air Force personnel to maintain the Kingdom's air
Lockheed IAL
HINCKLEY POWER CONSULTANTS LTD.

Television International 149 Church Street, Burbaye, Hinckley
Leicestershire, LE1 O 2DB
Television International has made some additions ... a new
Super Tempo 5 computer-controlled editing suite; a Rank Cintel MK A firm of international consulting engineers engaged on
IIIC Telecine mastering suite, and a new lightweight Outside Broadcast various exciting broadcasting and communications pro-
vehicle to name but three! As a result, we require additional staff for jects in Nigeria require keen, competent engineers to fill
the following areas: the following overseas appointments.
TELECINE OPERATIONS
Two experienced engineers required-a knowledge of TOPSY
and Digiscan would be an advantage. Field Contract Controller
VIDEO TAPE OPERATIONS to oversee contract implementation from equipment de-
Engineers are required with experience of 1" C -format and 2" livery to customer acceptance, including provision of
Quad machines, to work in Base and on Outside Broadcasts. services and technical support to field engineers. Must
Staff in these areas will be required to liaise directly with clients. have comms./broadcast experience, preferably in an
overseas environment.
MAINTENANCE
An experienced engineer is required who is capable of looking
after all of this and carrying out standard Base maintenance.
Salaries and conditions will be in accordance with the ACTT
Installation and
grades plus local supplements but will reflect the responsibilities
involved. The Company benefits from an attractive contributory
Commissioning Engineers
Group Pension Scheme, which includes free Life Assurance. Training Qualified and experienced in one or more of the following
fields:
will be provided where necessary to keep staff abreast of current
VHF, UHF Television transmitters and studio equipment
developments within the industry.
Microwave and UHF radio links
For an application form, please write to the address below
Diesel generators and associated electrical plant
quoting Ref. UC/WW.
Lindy Campbell
Erection of masts, towers, antennas and feeders
Television International Operations Limited, Good salaries paid commensurate with experience
9-11 Windmill Street,
London W1P 1HE
Tel: 01-637 2477 Apply with c.v. to Martin Rhodes, Project Manager, or telephone
for more information on Hinckley 611461.
A Subsidiary of 'RANKPHICOM VIDEO GROUP ITD 1r 0 784
(1766)
123
Appointments
At HM Government Communications Centre,

we're applying the very latest ideas on electronics and
Engineers & other technologies to the problems of sophisticated

communications systems, designed to enable and protect
the flow of essential information.
The work is of the highest technical challenge,
Scientists offering full and worthwhile careers to men and women of

high ability, on projects covering the following areas of
interest: -
RADIO - from HF to microwave, including
advanced modulation systems, propagation
£9,126 studies, applications of Microcircuitry.
MAGNETICS SIGNAL ANALYSIS
SYSTEMS ENGINEERING
Applicants, under 30 years of age, should have a
good honours degree or equivalent qualification in a
relevant subject, but candidates about to graduate may
also apply.
Appointments are as Higher Scientific Officer
(£6,840-£9,126) or Scientific Officer (£5,422-£7,3991
Communications R&D... according to qualifications and experience. Promotion
prospects.
...the leading edge For an application form, please write to the
Recruitment Officer, (Dept. W/W 1 O), HM Government
Communications Centre, Hanslope Park,
Milton Keynes, MK19 7BH.
Electronic HOLIDAY OVER? REFRESHED

READY FORA NEW JOB? TRY THESE
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT ENGINEERS
Wireman/ Woman
We have a vacancy at our Glasgow studios in our installation and
For lighting, heating and ventilating control systems, each one to be negotiated
and designed to the requirements of a specific client. Must have experience of
Z80 land other microprocessors could be called for) and analogue switching.
Salary up to £9,500 p.a. in Avon.
maintenance section for a man or woman with extensive experience in SENIOR ENGINEERS
electronic wiring. Hardware or software to design TV and video products, such as digital standards
convertors, the hardware being PDPII and also 16 -bit microprocessors, the soft-
Applicants must be familiar with all types of audio and video cables ware Pascal, Fortran and Assembler under RSX11 M operating system. Must have
and connectors and be able to work from cable schedules with degree and video experience. Salary up to £10,500 p.a. in West Berks.
minimal supervision.
ALL-ROUND ENGINEER
A high standard of practical ability and neatness is essential and Capable of evaluating linear LSI chip circuits. Must be graduate, preferably with
candidates invited to interview will be expected to undertake a short hands-on experience of a test system such as the LTX MTS-77 and -C applica-
I
tions. Salary rewarding, in Liverpool.

practical test working from drawings supplied.
Interviews will be held in Glasgow and travelling expenses will PRINCIPAL AND DESIGN ENGINEERS
For all new infra -red imaging systems under CMOS and logic control, with also
be refunded. analog displays. Must be graduates with both digital and analog experience.
The company offers excellent staff conditions of employment including a Salary up to £11,000 p.a., in West Essex.
contributory pension scheme with free life assurance. The starting salary
is at present £6.695 per annum rising by five annual increments to
£9,478 per annum but this scale is currently under annual review.
Those with the necessary experience should write giving age and brief
Charles AirEy Associates
Tempo House, 15 Falcon Road, Battersea, London SW 11 2PJ
details of experience to the Recruitment and Training Officer. Tel: 01-223 7682 or 228 6294
(1782)
(1357
Scottish Television
Cowcaddens. Glasgow G2 3PR.
SERVICE & INSTALLATION ENGINEERS

London & Home Counties Area
.
British subsidiary of French X -Ray Company requires service
and installation engineers to work on modern X-ray equipment
6 VI
Cambs. based
HERE
sERVICE
GoUNTs
To £7,400 + bonus + car
in National Health Hospitals.
The work involves an unusual blend of high -voltage plus anal-
ogue and digital technologies. Successful candidates will be
qualified to BSc or HND level, be practically minded and have
the initiative to cope with problem solving in the field.
High technology company manufacturing scientific in- Company car provided, salary negotiable, expenses paid.
struments seeks ONC/HNC qualified electronics engi- Please write, enclosing CV or telephone for interview to M W
neers. Min. 2 years' experience of servicing to compo- Ridgeon, Asst. Service Manager, 01-890 8166.
nent level and knowledge of computer systems. U.K. and
some overseas assignments. CGR Vecical Limitec
Phone Royston (0763) 60602 till 9 p.m. Astronaut House, Hounslow Road
Feltham, Middx.
Susan Hyde-Staff Consultant 117791

Classified
iimmailmoze
SITUATIONS VACANT
It Technicians in 11
SULTANATE OF OMAN, ROYAL OMAN POLICE
Communications TELECOMMUNICATION
TECHNICIAN
. GCHQ We are the Government Communications
Headquarters, based at Cheltenham.Our interest
is R & D in all types of modern radio
The Royal Oman Police are seeking persons for appointment
as Telecommunication Technician. Applicants should be
suitably qualified with at least 12 years' experience in the
-
communications HF to satellite and their - following subjects:
security.
THE JOB All aspects of technician support to an (A) HF, VHF, UHF Fixed/Mobile Equipt.
unparalleled range of communications (B) Teleprinters (Electronic)
(C) Microwave/Multiplex Equipt.
equipment, much of it at the forefront of current (D) Marine Radar
technology.
LOCATION Sites at Cheltenham in the very Applicants should possess at least City & Guilds interme-
attractive Cotswolds and elsewhere in the UK; diate or equivalent. Previous Police/Military experience and a
knowledge of Arabic would be an advantage, but is not
opportunities for service abroad. essential.
PAY Competitive rates, reviewed regularly.
Relevant experience may count towards GENERAL
increased starting pay. Promotion prospects. This appointment is offered in the Uniform Rank of Superin-
tendent Grade Il on contract terms of service for an initial
i TRAINING We encourage you to acquire new period of 2 years. Conditions of service include annual emo-
skills and experience. luments of the equivalent of R.O. 7980.000 (£13,017) at cur-
rent rate of exchange) and normal benefits which are asso-
QUALIFICATIONS You should have a TEC ciated with working overseas including Furnished air-
Certificate in Telecommunications, or conditioned accommodation, Medical Treatment, 60 days
acceptable equivalent, plus practical experience. leave per annum with paid passages, plus an end -of -contract
HOW TO APPLY For full details on this and benefit equal to 25% of basic salary.
information on our special scheme for those Applications with detailed curriculum vitae attached to be
forwarded to:
lacking practical experience, write now to
Recruitment Office Inspector General of Police and Customs
GCHQ, Oakley, Priors Road, Cheltenham Attn: Assistant Commissioner of Police
Glos. GL52 5AJ (Personnel & Training)
Royal Oman Police, P.O. Box No. 2
\ CII
or ring Muscat
0242 21491
.' Sultanate of Oman
(1794)
ext 2269
(1530)
, 1'
1.
£25,000?
DEVELOPMENT
R & D OPPORTUNITIES. Senior level vacan
cies for Communications Hardware and Software
Engineers, based in West Sussex. Competitive
salaries offered. Please ring David Bird at Redif-
fusion Radio Systems on 01-874 7281. (1152
ENGINEERS
Des. Dev. of AM, FM and TV Broadcast
transmitters. Circa 12K. Essex. ARTICLES FOR SALE
2. PROJECT LEADER
To lead team engaged on microwave
project, VHF and UHF techniques, re- INVERTERS
RaUb Technìciao
We are an internationally successful manufacturer of
ceives and synthesizers. Circa 14K.
Harts. High quality DC -AC) Also "no
break" (2ms) statilc switch.
3. RF DESIGN ENGINEERS
mining machinery and explosion proof electrical RF Circuit designers to work in small 19" rack. Auto Charger.
equipment. At our Kirkintilloch site we are setting up a design group involved in microproces-
sor based signal source development.
new Electronics Unit in which there is a vacancy for a Circa 10K. Herts.
Radio Technician to undertake special assembly 4. MICROWAVE SPECIALIST
operations on r.f. equipment and be responsible for For commercial and military systems.
performing full production tests on radio control systems. Circa 12K. Barks.
The successful candidate will have extensive experience 5.
in the servicing and testing of VHF and UHF, P.R. SENIOR DESIGN ENGINEER COMPUTER POWER SYSTEMS
equipment preferably gained in a manufacturing To lead team in the design and de-
environment. A working knowledge of analogue and digital velopment of RF and microwave equip- Interport Mains-Store Ltd.
ment. Circa 11t K. Bads.
encoding and decoding circuits would be an advantage. POD 51, London W11 3BZ
An attractive salary is offered for this position along 6. DEVELOPMENT Tél: 01-727 7042 or 0225 310916
with terms and conditions of employment to best modern ENGINEERS (9101'
standards. Des. Dew. of microwave lite -of -sight,
Please write giving full details of age, experience and tropospheric scatter and satellite com-
munication systems. Circe 12K. Essex.
qualifications to: 100s of other electronic and computer MEGA GOLD PLATING UNIT. Type PLAU
Mr A. M. SMITH, (' 778)
vacancies to £25,000.
Phone or write: Roger Howard
Z5. Accepts up to 12" double -sided boards. Sold
complete with 250m1 gold solution, accessories
GROUP PERSONNEL C.Eng., M.I.E., R.E., M.I.E.E. and instructions. Unused. £120 ono. Tel. 0592
202729. (1789
ADMINISTRATION CLIVEDEN CONSULTANTS
TEST EQUIPMENT. Gould Advance 10MHz
87 St. Leonard's Roed Windsor, Barks.
MANAGER Windsor 107535) 57818/58022 - dual trace scope. Alpha 2 D.M.M. Farnell L30-1
bench power supply and LEI audio oscillator.
24-hour service
Anderson Atii
(1640)
od Almost immaculate! Old scope and some bench
CLIVEDEN tools included. £280 (+ VAT). ALSO goodwill

small repairs workshop in Leeds. Offers invited.
Strathclyde PLC Phone (0532)793614.
LITTON 1231 BUSINESS COMPUTER -

WITH PRINTER. Perfect working order. £300.
(1791
47 Broad Street,Glasgow G40 2QW 00 SITUATIONS WANTED 661 3039 or 515 0013. (1775)
TELETEXT (ORACLE/CPFFAX) add-on
a
+04 RADIO TELEGRAPHIST seeks position.
Leaving Army shortly after 15 years service Royal
Signals. Experienced in HF and VHF systems.
adaptors for your existing television. Only
£149.95 inclusive. Also Viewdata (Prestel) adap-
tors and fantastic colour graphics microcomputer
P'1=1'" Morse and teleprinter. City and Guilds communi-
cation operators. Certificate and RAE held. Any-
interface. Trade enquiries welcome. Access/Visa.
Avon Office Services (WW), FREEPOST, Bristol
thing considered. Box 1770. BSIO 6BR. (0272) 502008 anytime. (1767)

Classified
ARTICLES FOR SALE
TO MANU URERS, WHOLE ALER RACAL COMMUNICATIONS

SALE BULK BUYERS, ETC. RECEIVERS
EXIDY SURPLUS 500 Kc/s
-
-
30Mc/s 1Mhz wide. RA17L £175. -
We have thousands of LARGE QUANTITIES OF RADIO. TV AND 1111117E £225. A few sets available as new at
£75 extra. All receivers are air tested and cali-
these pans tort PRICE & UNDER ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS FOR DISPOSAL brated in our workshop, supplied with full
manual, dust cover, in fair used condition. New
NO REASONABLE OFFER REFUSED SEMICONDUCTORS, all types, INTEGRATED CIRCUITS, [RANSIS1OHS, black metal louvred cases for above sets £25
ALL ITEMS BRAND NEW DIODES, RECTIFIERS, THYRISTORS, etc. RESISTORS, C/F, M/F, W/W, etc each. AMID ISO - SSO - -
£75. RA218 -
OP AMP
CAPACITORS, SILVER MICA, POLYSTYRENE, C280, C296, DISC CERA- SSB - ISB and fine tune for RA117 £50. -
74ISO4 74LS157 3130
MICS, PLATE CERAMICS, etc. TRANSMITTER DRIVE UNIT MN. 1.5mc/s -
74IS05
74LS32
7415373
7415373
6850
6502
ACTA
Processor ELECTROLYTIC CONDENSERS, SPEAKERS, CONNECTING WIRE,
30mc/s -SSB ISO -DS8 - FSM - CW - -
£150. AERIAL TUNING UNIT and protection unit
74LSIo 741S365 4027 RAM CABLES, SCREENED WIRE, SCREWS, NUTS, CHOKES, TRANSFOR- MA19711 -
£25 to £50. DECADE FREQUENCY
I AMP 5V REG
7805 MERS, etc GENERATOR MA3508 Solid state synthesiser
Breakout TV Game Chip

1.51
-
ALL AT KNOCKOUT PRICES Come and Day usa visit ALADDIN'S CAVE for MAN orM117-M217-RA1217-£150
to £200. MA250 -
1,6mc/s to 31.6mc/s £150 -
PCB for Breakout TV Game TELEPHONE: 445 0749/445 2713 (New). MA259G -
precision frequency stan-
4700 MFD IOV 1K Resisitors'hW FSROADFIELDS & MAYCO DISPOSALS dard - 5mc/s Imc/s 100khz -
£100 to £250.
I
21 Lodge Lane, North Finchley, London, N.12 RACAL MA152 -

Standing wave ratio indica-
Sockets 40 PIN, 24 PIN. 20 PIN, 16 PIN, 14 PIN tor. FX2mc/s -
25mc/s Power up to 1000watts
Joystick Plastic Holders (Over 1,000 sets)
minutes from Tally Ho Corner) (1613) - 50 ohms -
Auto trip switch -
Transistor
Transformers for Commodore Pet: 8:0:8 SAMP.
mains 100 -
250AC, new and boxed £40. -
RACAL COUNTER 836 (9036) 32mc/s TTL circuit
16V AMP, 22V I AMP. 240V Primary
1 design -tested with manual -
£50 to £75.
Telephone Answering Machines All faulty - Calcomp Head Alignment Meter £45. OSCILLOSCOPES COSSOR CDU150 35mc/s - -
Sweep Generators, 4-900MHz, £40-£135.
New Xuron Tools Set, £55. Avo 8 Mk. 5,
Twin Beam -
Solid State -
£175 with manual.
TEXTRONIC OSCILLOSCOPE 647 and 647A Solid
TEL: 01-440 7033 £69. 24-channel UV Recorder, £75. Pneu- State - 50mcs and 100mcs bandwidth £250 -
169614
matic Shears -
fast trimming assem- and £350. Tested, circuit end instructions.
bled PC Boards, etc., £25. Contaflex SLR Racal counter 801 M-125 Mc -S £50.
(Sinusoidal shutter), ideal video, TV -
Perforated Metals Screens, - stills, £49. Oxygen Analyser, £59. De-
cade Box (mhos), Sullivan Standard
IMAGE INTENSIFIER ASSEMBLY XX 1000
(Mollard). Very high-gain set -focusing image
Plastics, Wire Meshes, Sifting Cap, £25; another, £35. Fenlow SM
intensifier for night vision systems. Mmimufn
luminance gain 35,000. £12 (used).
POWER V MOS-FET Media, Cable Tray, Gratings, Spectrum Analyser, £98. Phase meter,
TECHNOLOGY direct from Manufacturer's £65. 30KV EHT Meter, f29. Marconi TF
2600, £65. TF 1064, £75. Various RF, AFl
All items are bought direct from H.M. Govern-
ment, being surplus equipment Price is ex-
Stock. We can cut to size. sig-gene. HP clip -on DC Milliemeter, £65.. works. SAE for all enquiries. Phone for appoint-
We specialise in all aspects of this important
subject A comprehensive service is offered to, Tektronix Transistor Curve Tracer, £95. ment for demonstration of any item. John's
individual or OEM users, including: We specialise in one -offs or Centrifuge, £49. EEL Universal Densi- Radio, Whitehall Works, 84 Whitehall Road
* Hitachi Supertax and RCA V MOS-FET from
stock.
large quantities. moter, £25. Headphones, stereo, mono,
binaural, suit school, etc., £4.50 ea.
East, Birkenshaw, Bradford BDl1 2ER. Tel.
(02741684007. Y.A.T. and Carriage extra.
** V MOS-FET power modules from stock.
Competitive prices (120 watt modules GRAEPEL PERFORATORS
Laser, £49. Melting Point Apparatus,
£25. Cryogenic (refrigeration) Tester, BRIDGES, waveform/transistor analysers. Cali-
(6411
£15.45,1 off). £25. Watson Microscope, £89. brators, Standards. Millivoltmeters. Dynamome-
**Printed circuits and kits. LTD. ters. KW meters. Oscilloscopes. Recorders. Sig-
*Data books and application notes.

Design, evaluation and advice service.
Unit 1-B, Charles Street, Dept. WS. Wal-
sall, Staffs WS2 9LZ. Tel. 0922 040-376 236 nal generators - sweep, low distortion, true
RMS, audio, FM, deviation. Tel. 040 376236.11627
Catalogue/sample data sent free (50p stamp' 811644/611414. Telex 335291. (17711
appreciated towards post and packing). ENCAPSULATING EQUIPMENT FOR coils,'
Phone 62514 22303 and ask Richard Welsh transformers, components, degassing silicone
about your application requirement or write: rubber, resin, epoxy. Lost wax casting for brass,
AUDIO TECHNOLOGY Printer PSL THE SCIENTIFIC bronze, silver, etc. Impregnating coils, transfor-
Freeport, Church Crookham mers, components. Vacuum equipment, low cost,
Aldershot, Hants. GU13 OBR Stand Pss WIRE COMPANY used and new. Also for CRT regunning metallis-
P.o. Box 30, London, E.4 ing. Research & Development. Berretta, Mayo
*Handsomely Road, Croydon CRO 2QP. 01-684 9917. (9678)
ENMIELIEO COPPER WIRE
crafted in
eme tinted SW6 la. Bez. 4ez. 2oz.
Perspex 810 26 2.76 1.50 .60 .60
361534 3.20 1.80 .90 .70
* PSS model for Micrrine 801243, Epson MX -80, Shei- 35 le 40 3.40 2.00 1.10 .80
TS 32 * kneha GP IX, etc.

PSL for Microkne 84. Epson M732,
E15.95+VAT 41 to 43 4.75 2.60 2.00 1.42 TW ELECTRONICS LTD.
etc. f17.95+ VAT 47 8.37 5.32 3.19 2.50
4810 49 15.96 9.58 6.36 3.69 THE PCB ASSEMBLERS
CTCSS
MIKE ADOkE More and more companies are investi-
Programmable SILVER RATED COPPER WIRE
gating the advantages of using a profes-
microminiature *Male connector to Apple dot with 12" colour coded
cables for prow boards, eatemal units. etc. L5.95 inc.
14 to 30 6.50 3.75 2.20 1.40 sional subcontractor. Such an undertak-
encoder/decoder ing requires certain assurances.
TINNED COPPER WIRE
1.25in. X 2in. X 0,4in. 14 to 30 3.38 2.36 1.34 .90 TW are able to satisfy all of them -
CAMBRIDGE MICROELECTRONICS LTD.
Pries kends PAP. VAT and Wire Data quality, competitive pricing, firm de-
No counter or other test One Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 l
lit Dealer esquirlas welcome. livery, and close co-operation with the
(M23í lee
SAE tar
equipment required to set fre- laoxvn® UUy
Reg Office: 22 Coningsby Gardens. customer.
jPOfs 3, Assembled boards ire 100% inspected
quency. before flow soldering and reinspected
CAR LINK 80x24 VDU after automatic cropping and cleaning.
Every batch of completed boards is
COMMUNICATIONS LTD. All the electronics for a 24 lines by 80 NEWBURY 7004/5 LDGs RS232/Current Loop
characters visual display unit on one as- printer, port complete with data and power cables issued with a signed certificate of
29e Parham Drive sembled and tested printed circuit board plus terminators. Page/scroll mode, edit, line, conformity and quality - our final
Eastleigh, Hants. measuring 8.75 inch x 6.50 inch. page transmission, as new. List price £895. Our
assurance.
You provide: power supply +5v at 1.2 price £399 only plus VAT. Many other screens, For further details, contact us at our new
Tel: 0703 619834 (1785) amps +12v/ -12v at 25mA, ASCII en- printers and complete systems available. S.U.S. works:
coded keyboard, video monitor. Sydney Road, Birmingham OL I. 771 3888.
The VDU -1 will talk to the R.S.232 serial (1774) Blenheim Industrial Perk
port on your computer, at up to 19,200 Bury St. Edmunds
Baud 56 features including cursor (X, Y) STYLI ALL TYPES supplied, send SAE for Suffolk IP33 3UT
addressing. price list. Watts Radio, 8 The Apple Market, Tel: 02843931 (1466)
VDU -1 Assembled and tested PCB £135 Kingston, Surrey. (1709)
TELERADIO PSU -1 VDU -1 power supply £32

All prices subject to £2.50 registered de-
livery, plus VAT. RR05 COMPATIBLE 2.5Mb hard disc (DRI
ELECTRONIC DESIGN SERVICE. Immedi-
ate capacity available for circuit design and de-
velopment work, PC artwork, etc. Small batch
For low cost instruments. Freq meters, model 33F) and Q -bus controller for DEC LS111,
and prototype production welcome. - E.P.D,.S.
audio & RF generators. Distortion ana- SIRIUS CYBERNETICS including 3 disc packs. £880. Tel. Cambridge
(0223)312923. (1777) Ltd., IA Eva Road, Gillingham, Kent. Tel: Med-
lysers, etc. Assembled & kits. Illus- Comyn Lodge, 66 Holly Welk way (0634) 577854. (9667.
trated lists sent on request. Leamington Spa, Warwickshire
Tel. (0926)316110 (1645) PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS manufactured BATCH PRODUCTION wiring and assembly
325 Fore Street, Edmonton from artwork or films. Small or large quantities. to sample or drawings. McDeane Electricals Ltd,
London N9 OPE Average turnaround two weeks. Also pre-coated 19b Station Parade, Ealing Common, London
OSCILLOSCOPE. Hewlett Packard 181A sto- W5. Tel: 01-992 8976. (169
rage mainframe, plug ins, 1801A dual trace 50 positive resist boards. Sizes to order. Mayland
Tel: 01-807 3719 MHz vert. amp. 1812A delayed sweep time base. PCB Company Ltd, 4 The Drive, Maylandsea,
(t762 1601A logic analyser. Offers invited. Ring Mr Chelmsford, Essex CM3 6AB. (0621) 741 560.
(1763)
Chiswell 061-678 0229 (day). (1793
PRINTED CIRCUITS. Make your own simpTÿ, QUANTITY COMPONENTS! Tents.I/35V,
PHONE YOUR
cheaply and quickly. Golden Fotolak Light Sensi- .33/35V, 1/35V £85/1,000. Minidiscs, 1000/500V,
BIRD'S NUM
tive Laquer -
now greatly improved and very
much faster. Aerosol cans with full instructions,
.01/500V, .02/50V £14.50/1,000. Polystyrenes,
axial 56/350V, radial 220/160V £14.50/1,000.
CLASSIFIEDS
£2.25. Developer 35p. Ferric Chloride 55p. Clear P&P £1.50. Add VAT 15%. Also valves,
RIFORMATRMaSERrICE
Acetate sheet for master 14p. Copper -clad Fibre-
glass Board approx. lnun thick £1.75 sq. ft. Post
speakers, etc. SAE enquiries, callers welcome.
Letchworth Electronic Components, Spirella
TO
By Men pea - service/workshop manuels. Over 2.000 Packing 60p. White House Electronics, Castle' Building, Bridge Road, Letchworth, Herts. SG6
Sony -
over 300 different cTV plus huge stocks VCFU V/
Audio/foreign and UK.
Any single service sheet El + see. Repair data named
Drive, Praa Sands, Penzance, Cornwall. (714 4ET. Tel. (04626) 70354. (1771) IAN FAUX
TV £6.50 (with circ. £8.50). SAE brings free -50p mag- SIGNAL GENERATOR. Marconi TF144H/S RTTY/CW DECODER. Computerised with
azine/price lists/barasin offers/quotations
publications
-
unique TV 10KHz to 72MHz calibrated and resprayed by
Marconi in last month. As new condition with
alphanumeric LED display or ASCII output. 5-30
w.p.m. and 45,50 baud. In world-wide use. Kits
ON
UMW, 75 Prank Sheet larklsall IM! 8833341,
manual. £300. Ring Allan Laneer 0925 572332 for from £39.50. Construction data f2.95 (refund-
IaaaA Ai n MLR 114E. 11637 )
further information. (1790 able). S.A.E. enquiries. MacRitchie Micros, 100
Drakies Avenue, Inverness. (1769)
01-661 3033

Classified
SERVICES
Micro Processor Design CIRCOLEC

Our team of experts offer the complete service from THE COMPLETE ELECTRONIC SERVICE
Design to Manufacture Artwork, Circuit Des gn, PCB Assembly, Test & Repair Service, Q.A. Consultancy,
Prototypes, Final Assembly.
micro
control systems IOC
Artwork Prototype Development Testing
Board Manufacture Assembly
more Information contact
Packaging
Moo CAM,
None. N08 3211I. Telephone 0002 298281
1 Cherrywood Drive, Asplay,,
(24 barre service). 115971

Quality workmanship by professionals at economic prices.
Please telephone 01-767 1233 for advice or further details.
1 FRANCISCAN ROAD
TOOTING, LONDON SW17

(1391)
ARTICLES WANTED
ELECTRONIC , ` FOR THE BEST PCB SERVICE+

SUB -CONTRACTING
BOARDRAVEN LTD. AVAILABLE
*Circuit Design & Development
Digital and Analogue
WANTED
SERVICES PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS
* Artwork Layout Test equipment, receivers,
A small Company with experienced staff can Manufactured to your specifications. Single/dou- Work of the highest standard by experienced
offer the following sub -contract services: ble sided. Very speedy deliveries on prototypes draughtsmen. No minimum charge. valves, transmitters, compo-
* Printed circuit board assembly from free
issue components, or component
and quantity. Master layouts if required.
Contact: *Board Manufacture nents, cable and electronic
J. K. Harrison, Camaby Industrial Estate, Brid-
Prototype to semi -production, excellent rates, scrap, and quantity. Prompt
_procurement Y4 -hour p to Pe service from him
** ow soldering
Hand soldering
lington, North Humberside YO15 30V. Tel.
10262178788. Wiring 8 Assembly service and cash. Member of
**Chassis wiring and cable harnesses
Circuit design and development
111681 PCB assembly, wiring and cable forming by
qualified staff.
A,R.R.A.
*Printed circuit layout and artwork produc- *Test
***
tien
Testing facilities
Modifications and repairs
Full test facilities available.
One or all services avail-
M & B RADIO
Small or large production quantities
Let us know your requirements - we'll show
you our quality
LONGBOW ELECTRONICS LTD
w am5 i I I i
able, no order too small.
Please telephone Chelms-
ford 102451 357935, or write
to HCR Electronics, The In -
I..J
`r
86 Bishopsgate Stream
Leeds LS1 4BB
0532 35649
21 Clifford Read, London SE25 5,1J
P.C.B.Artworks dustrial Unit, Parker Road,
'
Te1: 6641199 117421 Chelmsford. 111691
TFAST immdUt,R NnR OuoND

o
artwork contact JULIAN WILLIAMS WANTED
WILLIAMS ARTWORK, GRAYS LANE 30,000 SERVICE SHEETS IN STOCK
CUSTOM METALWORK MORETON-IN-MARSH, GLOS. COLOUR MANUALS ALSO AVAILABLE Scrap and re -usable mainframe
Tel: MORETON-IN-MARSH 51444 TV Monos £2, Transistor' Radios £2, computer and industrial electronic
made efficiently to your specification in- (or Evesham I3401211 Tuners £2, Tape Recorders, Record equipment.
eluding: Stage boxes, mic panels, en- Players and Stereograms £2. Stamped
closed audio end video jackfields pre- addressed envelopes with all quota - E.M.A. Teleeommunicatlons Engi-
wired to connectors of your choice, de- Lions. Also colours available. Car Radios neers, Orford, Woodbridge, Suf-
livered and installed. DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT. ANAL- £3 + stamped addressed envelope. All folk. Tel. 039-45 328.
For further information contact: Into- OGUE, DIGITAL, RF' AND MICROWAVE valve radios £2. Stamped addressed en- (1720)
m
yrated Electrks, 66 Portnall Road, CIRCUIT AND SYSTEM DESIGN. Also PCB velope please. Quote advert. no. with
C CARANNA
Londo n, W930E. Tel: 969 4135. design, mechanical design and prototype'small order.
117781 batch production. -
Adenmore Limited, Unit
71 Beaufort Park, London NW11 6BX
WANTED FOR CASH: 7F7, 7N7, 53, 6L6
103 Liscombe, Bracknell, Berks. Tel: Bracknell metal, 304TL, 4CX1000A, all uaaamining
52023. (656 01-4584882 (Mail Order) 11325)
special purpose valves of Eimac/Varian. DCO,
INC, 10 Schuyler Avenue, North Arlington, New
DESIGN SERVICES. Electronic design de- Jersey 07032, USA. (1625
velopment and production service available for SMALL BATCH PCBs produced from your art-
digital and analogue ,nstruments. RF Transmit- work. Also DIALS, PANELS, LABELS. Cam- SHEET METAL WORK, fine or general front MARCONI TF 2603 RF electronic milli/ohm-
tors and receivers, telemetery and control era work undertaken. FAST TURNAROUND. panels chassis, covers, boxes, prototypes, off or
1 ter (with accessories in case) and operating
systems. 20 years' experience. R.C.S. Electronics, Details: Winston Promotions, 9 Hatton Place, batch work, fast tumround. - 01-449 2695. M. manual. Must be clean, undamaged and in
Wolsey Road, Ashford, Middlesex. Phone Mr London ECIN 8RU. TeL 01-405 4123/0960. Gear Ltd., 179A Victoria Road, New Barnet, working condition. Genuine, sensible offers only.
Falkner 53661. (8341 (9794) Betts. (812 Box No. 1768.
CLASSIFIED ADVERTISEMENTS
Use this Form for your Sales and Wants
PLEASE INSERT THE ADVERTISEMENT INDICATED ON FORM BELOW
To "Wireless World" Classified Advertisement Dept., Quadrant House, The Quadrant, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5AS
Rate £3 PER LINE. Average six words per NAME
line. Minimum £20 (prepayable)
Name and address to be included in charge if ADDRESS
used in advertisement
Box No. Allow two words plus £3
Cheques, etc., payable to "IPC Business
Press Ltd." and cross "& Co."
REMITTANCE VALUE ENCLOSED
PLEASE WRITE IN BLOCK LETTERS. CLASSIFICATION NUMBER OF INSERTIONS
WIRELESS WDRLD OCTOBER 1982 127

fulM
COMPUTER APPRECIATION
86 High Street, Bletchingley, Redhill, Surrey RH1 4PA - Tel: Godstone 10883) 843221
POP 11/10 COMPUTER SYSTEM
POP 11/03 MICROCOMPUTER SYSTEM
with BASIC, etc
VENTEK Model
inch dual
ELBIT
Modeli S1120220pp
comprising 28KW processor with switch console, 3 x RK05/J 2.5 megabyte
removabe disc drives with RK11-D, 2 x Model VT50 VDU Terminals (12 lines x80), TALLY Model 2000 200
l.p.m. line printer, bootstrap and console emulator card. The whole system is contained in two four -foot DEC
cabinets and is in immaculate condition. Software includes RT11, BASIC, FORTRAN, etc. manufactured 1977
Model BAI 1-K UNIBUS mountingEC

comprising LSI 11 processor in BA11 MF box with 6401 memory,
DLV11J quad serial interface REVi 1 bootstrap end diagnostic ROM card, RX01 dual floppy disc drive,
SYST1ME VDU Terminal with 24 x 80 U/L case display and Model LA120 DECwriter (120 c.o.s. bi-directional
U/L casel.The processor and disc drives ere contained in a 24 -inch high DEC cabinet. Software includes Rh
NCR Model 8130 MICROCOMPUTER SYSTEM. INTEL
available from NCR

s80Wpp
MyINICOMPUTER SYSTEM with 16K memory,

disc drives. Powerful
DS-1920Xing 6VDU. 24
lines with
addressing, 0 Ue/oNde eta blink,rating
HAZELTINE Model 1200 VDU. 24 BO VDU. Upper case
x only;
mR
includes
can
,23n
32050
0750
based machine with 64K8 memory land battery

backup), twin dual -density floppy disc drives, VDU and keyboard, 180 c.o.s. bi-directional nine wire matrix
printer and facilities for reading bar coded ledger cards. The system is under 2 years old and full support is
RAYTHEON Model PTS100 System. Comprising 16 -bit processor with 64KB MOS memory, 3 VDU terminals,
cassette drive and numerous option and interface carda. A test set Is included. Contained in a six-foot reck.
Manufactured 1978
RAYTHEON Model 704 16 -bit processor with front switch panel, 12KW memory and various interfaces.... LSO
£1300
£660
x 80 VDU with U/L case, 3 x 8-
screen,em detached
00 baud. c newkeyboard
easily be upgraded. RS 232 to 9600 baud
TEXAS INSTRUMENTS Model 810, high speed (180 c.o.s.), matrix printer. RS 232 and parallel interfaces
INDEX TO ADVERTISERSonOCTOBER
Acoustical Mfg. Co. Ltd
Adcola Products Ltd.
AEL Crystals
pages 119-127
Appointments Vacant Advertisements appear
PAGE
57
2
118
Galatrek International
GAS Electronics
Global Specialities Corp (UK) Ltd.
1
3176
£425
IBM Selective (gol/ball) keyboard printer, similar to 735
CENTRONICS Model 101 matrix printer (180 c.o.s.). Parallel TTL interface
MEMOREX Model 2278 VDU. EBCDIC coded VDU 24 x 80. These modem (1979) VDUs comprise a detached
keyboard, MOTOROLA or BALL Monitor, power supplies (5V et SA, + and - 12V at 3A), end electronics.
Ideal for single board micro users
Power
power supply
ly for above
PERTEC Miniature 9 -treck 800 b.p.i. NRZ tape drive
DOCUMATION Model M600L compact card reader
LASER
*
MSOCIATdel
Pleam note:
t
RD READER, NEW
5
1
A. B. DICK Model Magne II word processor. Microprocessor -controlled word processor featuring OUME
printer and single -line LED display. Data is recorded on magnetic cards
DIABLO Series 30. Removable disc drive. 2.5 megabyte wrth industry standard interface. These drives are
hardware, software and media compatible with the RK05 and controllers are available for PDP 11, NOVA
machines apndd most micros
FACIT Model 4070 high-speed paper tape bunch (75 c.o.s.) with parallel TTL interface
CALCOMP Model 563 AID size drum plotter. Step size 0.1 mm. Cost of current equivalent model is over
L7,000
ERA 1KVA 60Hz converter. All solid state. Contained in four -foot reck
PERTEC Model FD -250 dual -density, double sided 51/4in. floppy disc drive. NEW
GLASS LASER. 1.06 micron wavelength, 1-2J per pulse. Fully operational
plain paper
V.A.T. and carriage extra all items

*
PAGE
24
17
25
er
Racal Recorders Ltd

Radford Audio Ltd.
*
300
(ISO
010
£10
Q05
130
SYSTIIME0150 0RK05 UN BUS controller (similar to RK11-DI, complete with a pair of DIABLO drives as above and
L000
£170
L230
d06
£250
CM
b00
f.450
Visitors welcome but by appointment please

We are keen to bid competitively for all good used equipment
Radio Components Specialists

PAGE
cover ii
118
103
AH Supplies 109 GP Industrial Electronics Ltd. 26, 27 Ralfe, P. F. Electronics 92
Airwaves Electronics 106 Greenweld 18 Relay -A -Quip Ltd. 98
Ambit International 9, 100 Greenwood Electronics Ltd cover iv RST Valves 110
Analogue Associates 8
Anglia Components 4 Hameg Ltd. 101
Antex (Electronics) Ltd cover iii Happy Memories 92 Sagin, M. R. 2
AP Products 94 Harris Electronics (London) 4 Samsons (Electronics) Ltd. 112
Armon Electronics Ltd. 14 Harrison Bros Electronic Distributors 95 Sche Tropics Ltd 98
Audio Electronics 19 HB Electronics 29 Sescom Inc. 24
Autotype 102 Hemmings Electronics and Microcomputers 116 Shure Electronics Ltd 30
Avel Lindberg (Cotswold Electronics) 12 Henry's Radio 6, 24 Sinclair Research Ltd. 20, 21
Hilomast Ltd. 5 South Midlands Communications Ltd 100
Barrie Electronics Ltd. 115 Horst F. G. Angermann, Hamburg 7 Sowter, E. A. Ltd 111
Beckman Instruments (Vako Display Systems) House of Instruments Ltd 115 Special Products (Distributors) Ltd 93
104 Strumech Engineering Ltd 89
Black Star Ltd. 109 ILP Electronics Ltd. 89, 107, 117 Surrey Electronics Ltd 12
Bread Board '82 106 Integrex Ltd. 6
Broadfields & Mayco Disposals 6 Interface Quartz Devices Ltd 15
Technomatic Ltd. 90, 91
Cambridge Kits 16
Teleradio Electronics Ltd. 106
Chiltern Electronics 95 KEF Electronics Ltd 93, 95
Keithley Instruments Ltd. 13 Television Magazine 93
Chiltmead Ltd. 98
Teloman Products Ltd 16
Circuit Services 25 Kelsey Acoustics Ltd 98
Thandar Electronics Ltd. 99
Clark Mast Ltd. 18
Thanet Electronics 97
Clef Products (Electronics) Ltd. 102 Langrex Supplies Ltd. 110
Colomor (Electronics Ltd) 22 Level Electronics Ltd. 97 Time Electronics Ltd. 12
Computer Appreciation 128 LFH Associates Ltd 18
Crotech Instruments Ltd. 96
Valradio Ltd. 2
Marconi Communication Systems 28
Danavox (Gt. Britain) Ltd. 23 Melkuist 97 Veco Electroforming/Photo-Etching Ltd 6
Darom Supplies 102, 106 Midwich Computer Co. Ltd. 15
Digitalis Ltd. . 118 Modern Book Co., The 92
10, 11
Display electronics 113 Monolith Electronics Co. Ltd. 22 Watford Electronics
DSN Marketing Ltd. 101 Which? Magazine Loose Insert
White House Electronics 24
Eddystone Radio Ltd. 14 Olson Electronics Ltd 4 Wilmslow Audio 7, 15,25
Electronic Brokers Ltd 3, 5, 7, 9 Opus Supplies 108 Wireless World Circards 114
Electrovalue Ltd. 118 Orion Scientific Products Ltd. 16 WK Electronics Ltd 16
Faircrest Engineering Ltd 12

Farnell Instruments Ltd 28, Reader Card, 111 Pantechnic 100
Ferranti Electronics 58 PM Components 104, 105 Your Computer 96
Fieldtech Heathrow Ltd 22 Practical Computing 112
Flight Electronics Ltd. 8 Practical Wireless 102
Foundations of Wireless and Electronics 116 P&R Computer Shop 92 Zaerix Electronics 109, 111
OVERSEAS ADVERTISEMENT Japan: Mr. Inatsuki. Trade Media - IBPA (Japan), 8.212. Mr Jack Mentel, The FarleyCo., Suite 650 Rpnnª guild;
AGENTS: Azabu Heights, 1-5-10 Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106. -
ing, clevelano, unto 4415 Telephone: 2216) 621 1919.
Telephone: (03) 5850581. Mr Ray Rickles, Ray Rickles & Co., P.O. Box 2028, Miami
France & Belgium: Norbert Hellin, 50 Rue de Chemin Beach, Florida 33140 - Telephone (305) 532 7301.
Veal, F-9100, Boulogne, Paris. Mr Tim Parks, Ray Rickles & Co., 3116 Maple Drive N.E.,
United States of America: Ray Barnes, IPC Business
Hungary: Mrs Edit, Bajusz, Hungexpo Advertising Press, 205 East 42nd Street, New York. NY 10017 - Tele- Atlanta, Georgia 30305. Telephone: (404) 237 7432.
phone: (212) 867-2080. Telex: 238327. Mike Loughlin, IPC Business Press, 15055, Memorial Ste
Agency, Budapest XIV, Varosliget. 119, Houston, Texas 77079 - Telephone 1713) 783 8673.
Telephone: 225 008 - Telex: Budapest 22-4525 Mr Jack Farley Jnr., The Farley Co., Suite 1584, 35 East
INTFOIRE Walker Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60601 - Telephone: 1312)
63074. Canada: Mr Colin H. MacCulloch, International Advertis-
-
Servizio Estero, Mr Victor A. Jauch, Elmatex International, P.O. Box 34607, ing Consultants Ltd.; 915 Carlton Tower, 2 Carlton Street,
Rely: Sig C. Epis, Etas -Kompass, S.p.a. Toronto 2 - Telephone (416) 364 2269.
Via Manregna 6, 20154 Milan. Los Angeles, Calif. 90034, USA - Telephone (213) 821-
Telephone: 347051 -
Telex: 37342 Kompass. 8581 - Telex: 18-1059. Also subscription agents.
The Quadrant, Sutton, Surrey

Printed in Great Britain by QB Ltd., Sheepen Place, Colchester, and Published by the Proprietors IPC ELECTRICAL -ELECTRONIC PRESS LTD., Quadrant House,
A. H. Wheeler & Co, CANADA:
SM2 5AS, telephone 01-661 3500. Wireless World can be obtained abroad from the following: AUSTRALIA and NEW ZEALAND: Gordon & Gotch Ltd. INDIA:
The Wm. Dawson Subscription Service Ltd, Gordon & Gotch Ltd. SOUTH AFRICA: Central News Agency Ltd: William Dawson & Sons (S.A.) Ltd.
UNITED STATES: Eastern News
Distribution Inc., 14th floor, I1 l Eighth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10011.
1Y8 WIRELESS WORLD OCTOBER 1982

Take
SK5-BP and
fitted with safety plugs.
SK5-BP Kit R.R.P. £7.10
óút!
SK6-BP Soldering Kits
SK6-BP Kit R.R.P. £7.20
TCSU1 Soldering Station

for safe 24 volt temperature -controlled
miniature soldering iron, variable tip
ST4 Stand temperature 65 - 430°C, antistatic
£1.60
R.R.3. earth connection, with XSTC or CSTC iron.
R.R.P. £40.50
Model XS -BP
-fitted with safety
25 Watts
plug 240 volts

R.R.P. £5.55
Model C - 15 Watts
Stainless steel shaft only.
240 and 115 volts R.R.P. £4.60
50 and 24 volts R.R.P. £4.80
Model XS
- Model CS
-Fitted with safety -
25 Watts
Model CS -BP 17 Watts
Available for 240
and 115 volts
17 Watts. Available for 240
and 115 volts
Model CCN -
15 Watts
Ceramic shaft only. 240 volts.
R.R.P. £4.70
plug. 240 volts R.R.P. £4.60 R.R.P. £5.00
50, 24 and 12 volts
R.R.P. £4.80 R.R.P. £5.45 50, 24 and 12 volts
R.R.P. £4.80
SK5 Soldering kit SK6 Soldering kit

contains model CS230 iron contain; Model XS230 iron
and the ST4 stand R.R.P. £6.25 and the ST4 stand R.R.P. £6.3E
... u in
Everything you need
in the NEWAntex pack.
Iron, stand, lead, plug and solder -
it's all ready to go.
The new stand is tough and compact, designed for greater
efficiency in minimum bench space.
And each iron has all the Antex features -
the big range of
push -on bits, the low leakage factor, the superb insulation, and r°c áya
\áac
the strong lightweight case.

So when you need another soldering unit fast
tip. The new Antex all -in -one pack.
here's a hot - O°5
°ac
o°r,5-\ySe
Wireless World, October 1982
...._ ..,
-
,. ,..
--
the new name in quality solder
Now there is anotherchoice in high quality solder. The new Oryx resin cored solder. Try it and you will find it spreads
easier than the solder you are using.
Specially formulated for fast precision solder work, it is 60% tin, 40% lead alloy with quality flux construction and melts at 183 C.
Two gauges are available -18 SWG (1.2mm) and 22 SWG (0.71 mm) in 2.5 Kg, 500g, 250g and 100g reels. Pocket size
dispenser with 10 feet of Oryx mm solder is also available at only 68p (- VAT).
1
Oryx is competitively priced -v

rite now for details and technical information.
Greenwood Electronics
Greenwood Electronics Limited, Portman Road, Reading, Berkshire RG3 1 N E. Telephone: (0734) 595844. Telex: 848659
L_
The TC82- a significant

development in
temperature
controlled
soldering
The new Oryx TC 82 hcs features unique to any
temperature controlled precision soldering iron.
Available in 24 V, 50 V, 115 V and 210/240 V models,
the TC 82 has a facility allowing the user to accurately
dial any tip temperature between 260 C and 420 C
by setting a dial in the handle without changing tips.
This eliminates the need for temperature
measuring equipment. You get faster and better soldering.
For 24 V models a special Oryx power unit connects directly to the iron and contains fully isolated transformer to BS3535, a
safety stand, tip clean facility and illuminated mains socket switch.
The Oryx TC 82 is also extra -safe. Removing the handle automatically disconnects the iron from power source.
Other TC 82 features include: Power-on Neon indicator in handle; burn proof cable; choice of 13 tip styles.
And more good news
The Oryx TC 82 iron costs only £13.00 ( +VAT) and the power unit for 24 V operation £23.00 (- VAT).
The TC82 240 volt is also available as a 30 watt general purpose iron at only £4.95 (+VAT).
Greenwood Electronics
Greenwood Electronics Limited, Portman Road, Reading, Berkshire RG31NE. Telephone: (0734) 595844. Telex: 848659
WW-003 FOR FURTHER DETAILS

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OCTOBER 1982 80p

automatic changeoverfrom one deck to another-, control recording techniques.

Able to log radio and telephone messages accaratelyand -eliably. Please:

L Hythe, Southampton, Hampshire SO4 6ZH, England. ww

WW -009 FOR FURTHER DETAILS

VISION OF THE FUTURE

THE ETHER - AN ASSESSMENT

NEXT MONTH CIRCUIT IDEAS

WIRELESS WORLD OCTOBER 1982

SOLDERING TOOL Stereo coder -April 1977-1 d.s. 2 s.s.

Morsemaker-June 1978-1 d.s. £4.50

,1DCOLA (Regd Trade Mark

2 WIRELESS WORLD OCTOBER 1982

Fluke Philipe sweeper. Output o.2r V-200mV £3500.00

Electronic Brokers Limited

Telex: 298694 Elebro

£44.50, £1.50 P&P + VAT 13A/4SW

13A/5/R £25.30, £1.50 P&P + VAT T13A/5

£26. £1.50 P&P + VAT £65, £2.25 P&P + VAT

NO. 8, 5-7 LONG STREET .tg\

7ìnes ruminy oat ...

Available from stock NOW!

days delivery. Other Ranges and

4 WIRELESS WORLD OCTOBER 1982

Fluke 8060A £275.00

WIRELESS WORLD OCTOBER 1982

At last a low-cost Colour Matrix Printer for

Colour printout is quickly assimilated,

Compatible with most microprocessors, prints in

Dot Addressable + 15 user programmable characters, 96 ASCII and 64 graphics

IN VIEW OF THE EXTREMELY RAPID CHANGE TAKING

PLACE IN THE ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY, LARGE QUANTI- VIEW THOU LENS

The initial range is as follows:

0 5pS-0 25 Built in component tester line and external Coupling AC. or TV

AUCTIONAppointed by the plant management we are auctioning modern pro-

Tuesd. Sept. 28, '82

draulic drawing presses, continuous annealing furnaces, automatic 100n5 IS x IOexpam,l ri KY

FOR FURTHER DETAILS

II_ I=aI_ I=+ I_

WIRELESS WORLD OCTOBER 1982

VOLTS 2KVA. 100

DISTORTION LESS THAN 0.05% DC-20KHz AT 1kW INTO

WW - 027 FOR FURTHER DETAILS

A lowcost tool forleaming, teaching & prototyping.

FLIGHT ELECTRONICS LTD. Flight House, Quayside Rd, Southampton,

WW - 005 FOR FURTHER DETAILS

8 WIRELESS WORLD OCTOBER 1982

H745 Power Supply £90

DAISY WHEEL PRINTERS

70em PRE -AMP

Compact low -noise pre -amp. Gain at 433 MHz.

WW - 203 FOR FURTHER DETAILS

220n, 270n 16p 18 70

10 WIRELESS WORLD OCTOBER 1982

SUB -MIN TOGGLE

3 pole/2 to 4 way: 4p/2 to 3 way 450 434.17 470p -

1.28MHz 392 lin 640 or 801f 80p

20 pin 26 pin 34 pin 40 ..m 86p 70p

CMOS 4075 15 4539 110

CBASIC User's Guide 1200

BBC MICRO UPGRADE KITS NEW LOWER PRICES