Al Khawarizmi

Al-Khwārizmī
Al-Khwārizmī, in full Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī, (born c. 780—died c. 850),

Muslim mathematician and astronomer whose major works introduced Hindu-Arabic
numerals and the concepts of algebra into European mathematics. Latinized versions of his
name and of his most famous book title live on in the terms algorithm and algebra.
Al-Khwārizmī lived in Baghdad, where he worked at the “House of Wisdom” (Dār al-Ḥikma)
under the caliphate of al-Maʾmūn. The House of Wisdom acquired and translated scientific
and philosophic treatises, particularly Greek, as well as publishing original research. Al-
Kwārizmī’s work on elementary algebra, Al-Kitāb al-mukhtaṣar fī ḥisāb al-jabr waʾl-
muqābala (“The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing”), was
translated into Latin in the 12th century, from which the title and term Algebra derives.
Algebra is a compilation of rules, together with demonstrations, for finding solutions of linear
and quadratic equations based on intuitive geometric arguments, rather than the abstract
notation now associated with the subject. Its systematic, demonstrative approach
distinguishes it from earlier treatments of the subject. It also contains sections on calculating
areas and volumes of geometric figures and on the use of algebra to solve inheritance
problems according to proportions prescribed by Islamic law.
In the 12th century a second work by al-Khwārizmī introduced Hindu-Arabic numerals (see
numerals and numeral systems) and their arithmetic to the West. It is preserved only in a
Latin translation, Algoritmi de numero Indorum (“Al-Khwārizmī Concerning the Hindu Art
of Reckoning”). From the name of the author, rendered in Latin as Algoritmi, originated the
term algorithm.
A third major book was his Kitāb ṣūrat al-arḍ (“The Image of the Earth”; translated as
Geography), which presented the coordinates of localities in the known world based,
ultimately, on those in the Geography of Ptolemy (flourished 127–145 CE) but with
improved values for the length of the Mediterranean Sea and the location of cities in Asia and
Africa. He also assisted in the construction of a world map for al-Maʾmūn and participated in
a project to determine the circumference of the Earth.
Finally, al-Khwārizmī also compiled a set of astronomical tables (Zīj), based on a variety of
Hindu and Greek sources. This work included a table of sines, evidently for a circle of radius
150 units. Like his treatises on algebra and Hindu-Arabic numerals, this astronomical work
(or an Andalusian revision thereof) was translated into Latin.
Al-Khwārizmī, sepenuhnya Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī, (lahir c. 780 — meninggal
c. 850), ahli matematika dan astronom Muslim yang karya utamanya memperkenalkan
angka-angka Hindu-Arab dan konsep-konsep aljabar ke dalam matematika Eropa. Versi Latin
namanya dan judul bukunya yang paling terkenal hidup dalam istilah algoritma dan aljabar.
Al-Khwārizmī tinggal di Baghdad, di mana ia bekerja di "Rumah Kebijaksanaan" (Dur al-
Ḥikma) di bawah kekhalifahan al-Maʾmūn. House of Wisdom memperoleh dan
menerjemahkan risalah ilmiah dan filosofis, terutama bahasa Yunani, serta menerbitkan
penelitian asli. Karya Al-Kwārizmī tentang aljabar dasar, Al-Kitab al-mukhtaṣar fī ḥisāb al-
jabr waʾl-muqābala (“Buku Kompenden tentang Perhitungan dengan Penyelesaian dan
Penyeimbangan”), diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Latin pada abad ke-12, dari mana judul
dan judulnya Istilah Aljabar berasal. Aljabar adalah kompilasi aturan, bersama dengan
demonstrasi, untuk menemukan solusi persamaan linear dan kuadratik berdasarkan argumen
geometri intuitif, daripada notasi abstrak yang sekarang terkait dengan subjek. Pendekatannya
yang sistematis dan demonstratif membedakannya dari perawatan subjek sebelumnya. Ini
juga berisi bagian tentang penghitungan area dan volume angka-angka geometris dan
penggunaan aljabar untuk memecahkan masalah warisan menurut proporsi yang ditentukan
oleh hukum Islam.
Pada abad ke-12, karya kedua oleh al-Khwārizmī memperkenalkan angka-angka Hindu-Arab
(lihat angka dan sistem angka) dan aritmatika mereka ke Barat. Ia dilestarikan hanya dalam
terjemahan bahasa Latin, Algoritmi de numero Indorum (“Al-Khwārizmī Mengenai Seni
Reckoning Hindu”). Dari nama penulis, diterjemahkan dalam bahasa Latin sebagai
Algoritmi, berasal istilah algoritma.
Buku besar ketiga adalah Kitabb ṣūrat al-arḍ ("Gambar Bumi"; diterjemahkan sebagai
Geografi), yang menyajikan koordinat lokalitas di dunia yang dikenal berdasarkan, pada
akhirnya, pada orang-orang di Geografi Ptolemeus (berkembang 127- 145 M) tetapi dengan
nilai yang ditingkatkan untuk panjang Laut Mediterania dan lokasi kota-kota di Asia dan
Afrika. Dia juga membantu dalam pembuatan peta dunia untuk al-Maʾmūn dan berpartisipasi
dalam sebuah proyek untuk menentukan keliling Bumi.
Akhirnya, al-Khwārizmī juga menyusun seperangkat tabel astronomi (Zig), berdasarkan
berbagai sumber Hindu dan Yunani. Karya ini termasuk tabel sinus, jelas untuk lingkaran
dengan radius 150 unit. Seperti risalahnya tentang aljabar dan angka-angka Hindu-Arab,
karya astronomi ini (atau revisi Andalusia) diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Latin.

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Al-Khwārizmī

Al-Khwārizmī, in full Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī, (born c. 780—died c. 850),

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