HIS 315K UNIT 5 STUDY GUIDE

Sectional Crisis and Civil War

HOW TO USE THE STUDY GUIDE

This study guide is designed to help guide your learning for this unit. Use this structure to
generate and organize terms, ideas, questions, and your own key insights from each lesson.

As you read, discover, and learn from your course materials, you should continue to add
information and evidence from each lesson, and to record your responses to each unit question.
By the end of the unit, the work you do in this guide will become a thorough review sheet that
you can use to develop strong and well-supported exam essays.

PART 1: ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS

Before you start your reading for this unit, take a look at the following questions. These
questions are important, because they are the broad questions that summarize each day’s
lesson. As you read, try to identify information and evidence that can help you answer each
question. When you find key passages, note the page numbers and sources, so that you can
access this information easily later for studying and assessments.

Questions Citation
Directions: Preview these questions before reading. Directions: Note page
numbers and sources
from your readings or
the Crash Course
videos.
How did the argument over the expansion of slavery lead to the end
of the Whig party, creation of the new Republican Party, and shape
the Democratic Party?

Explain the arguments put forth regarding slavery by both its

defenders and detractors.

The Civil War was inarguably fought over slavery but slavery had
existed in the United States since 1619. Why did war break out over
slavery in 1861, two hundred and thirty-three years after the first
slaves arrived?

Evaluate the advantages of both the Union and the Confederacy in

the Civil War? Which proved to be most significant? Ultimately, why
did the Union prevail?

PART 2: INTRODUCTORY TERMS AND IDEAS

To prepare for the beginning of the unit quiz, read and watch all assigned material in Lesson 1.
Write the definition, time period and/or date, and historical significance of each term in the
space provided, and connect each term to a course Big Idea (American Identities, Reform and
Renewal, Self and Society, Labor and Technology, America in the World). The time period and
dates will help you to construct historical chronologies in Part 4 of this guide.
Terms Time Definition and Significance Course
Period Big Idea
and/or
Date(s)
 Famous speech by Lincoln before the Civil War about the
“A house divided…” economy. "This country cannot be half slave and half
free...."
13. abolished slavery, 14. Declares that all persons born
13, 14, 15th in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal
Amendments protection of the laws, 15. citizens cannot be denied the
right to vote because of race, color , or precious
condition of servitude

People who rushed to california in 1849 for gold.

49ers
free stae
(1809-1865) 16th President of the United States saved the Union
Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War and emancipated the slaves; was
assassinated by Booth

he believes that southern states dont have the right to

succeed, wanted to restore the union before the
abloshiment of slavery. susspend havrious corpose can
lock up anyone for anyone reason.
the first major battle in the American Civil War to take
Antietam place on Northern soil. It was the bloodiest single-day
battle in American history, with almost 23,000 casualties.
After this "win" for the North, Lincoln announced the
Emancipation Proclamation
Famous as the site of the surrender of the Confederate
Appomattox Army under Robert E. Lee to Union commander Ulysses
Courthouse S. Grant
A sequence of violent events involving abolitionists and
Bleeding Kansas pro-Slavery elements that took place in Kansas-Nebraska
Territory. The dispute further strained the relations of the
North and South, making civil war imminent.

Americas falling apart and not following the governmet

the authroity becasue of slavery

At Bull Run, a creek, Confederate soldiers charged Union

Bull Run men who were en route to besiege Richmond. Union
troops fled back to Washington. Confederates didn't
realize their victory in time to follow up on it. First major
battle of the Civil War - both sides were ill-prepared.

major, victory wont be easy for either side, confederate

has better genral then the south
1861-1865 deadliest war in American history; conflict between north
Civil War (union) and south (confederacy); 11 southern slave states
wanted to secede from Union
(1) California admitted as free state, (2)territorial status
Compromise of and popular sovereignty of Utah and New Mexico, (3)
1850 resolution of Texas-New Mexico boundaries, (4) federal
assumption of Texas debt, (5) slave trade abolished in DC,
 and (6) new fugitive slave law; advocated by Henry Clay
and Stephen A. Douglas
A republic formed in February of 1861 and composed of
Confederate States the eleven Southern states that seceded from the United
of America States
A group of northern Democrats who opposed abolition
Copperheads and sympathized with the South during the Civil War
A black slave, had lived with his master for 5 years in
Dred Scott v. Illinois and Wisconsin Territory. Backed by interested
Sanford (1857) abolitionists, he sued for freedom on the basis of his long
residence on free soil. The ruling on the case was that He
was a black slave and not a citizen, so he had no rights.

1863 Proclamation issued by Lincoln, freeing all slaves in areas

Emancipation still at war with the Union.
Proclamation
(1863)
Federal fort in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina;
Fort Sumter the confederate attack on the fort marked the start of the
Civil War
Formed in 1847 dedicated to opposing slavery in newly acquired
Free Soil Party - 1848, territories such as Oregon and ceded Mexican territory.
1850 A law that made it a crime to help runaway slaves;
Fugitive Slave Act allowed for the arrest of escaped slaves in areas where
(1850) slavery was illegal and required their return to
slaveholders

most contriversal
1859 Federal arsenal in Virginia seized by abolitionist John
Harper’s Ferry Brown in 1859. Though Brown was later captured and
executed, his raid alarmed Southerners who believed
that Northerners shared in Brown's extremism.
1845 Created Nebraska and Kansas as states and gave the
Kansas-Nebraska people in those territories the right to chose to be a free
Act (1856) or slave state through popular sovereignty.
1858 Senate Debate, Lincoln forced Douglas to debate issue of
Lincoln-Douglas slavery, Douglas supported pop-sovereignty, Lincoln
Debates asserted that slavery should not spread to territories,
Lincoln emerged as strong Republican candidate
A government in which the people rule by their own
Popular consent.
Sovereignty
people decide specifically kansas
Confederate general who had opposed secession but did
Robert E. Lee not believe the Union should be held together by force

main and best general, surrenderd to grant

Senator from Illinois who ran for president against
Stephen Douglas Abraham Lincoln. Wrote the Kansas-Nebreaska Act and
the Freeport Doctrine
Brooks (proslavery) attacked sumner (anti slavery) on
Sumner-Brooks floor of the senate
 Affair
1845 A political party that began in 1854 and is today one of
Republican Party the two major political parties in the United States.
Originally, it was composed mainly of northerners from
both major parties of the time, the Democrats and the
Whigs, with some former Know-Nothings as well.
Turning point of the War that made it clear the North
The Battle of would win. 50,000 people died, and the South lost its
Gettysburg (1863) chance to invade the North.
1860 Lincoln, the Republican candidate, won because the
The Election of Democratic party was split over slavery. As a result, the
1860 South no longer felt like it has a voice in politics and a
number of states seceded from the Union.
General of the Union Army
Ulysses S. Grant
1852 a novel published by harriet beecher stowe in 1852
Uncle Tom’s Cabin which portrayed slavery as brutal and immoral
(1862)
...

bleeding lansas to try to create a government thats pro and one thats anti slavery

fre soil party before republ;ican didnt want extension of slavery in west

rebulic party also didnt want the extension of slavery

dred scott cannot sue becasue hes properity not citzen

states that phrohibet slavery is unconstituional

PART 3: ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS AND SIGNIFICANT TERMS
Now it’s your turn! Choose your own key terms based on the lesson questions below, adding
your own definitions, time periods and/or dates, and historical significance, but you will need
more than the spaces provided. Think of these terms as evidence you can use to build strong
historical arguments, which will help you complete your assignments and exams for this course.
At the end of each lesson, write your own summary response to each lesson’s broad question.

Adding rows for more terms: You will need to add more space to each table as you discover
additional key terms. To do this click in the box on the last row of terms, right click, select “Insert”
and “Rows Below.” Add as many as you need for each lesson. You can also attach additional
pieces of paper if you print out your study guide.

Lesson 2: The Fugitive Slave Act

Essential Question: The Civil War was inarguably fought over slavery but slavery had existed
in the United States since 1619. Why did war break out over slavery in 1861, two hundred and
thirty-three years after the first slaves arrived?

Terms Time Definition and Significance Course

Period Big Idea
and/or
Date(s)

Summary Response to Lesson Question:

Lesson 3: Fitzhugh’s Argument for Slavery

Essential Questions: 1. Explain the arguments put forth regarding slavery by both its
defenders and detractors.
Terms Time Definition and Significance Course
Period Big Idea
and/or
 Date(s)

Summary Response to Lesson Question:

Lesson 4: Letters Home

Essential Question: Evaluate the advantages of both the Union and the Confederacy in the
Civil War? Which proved to be most significant? Ultimately, why did the Union prevail?

Terms Time Definition and Significance Course

Period Big Idea
and/or
Date(s)

Summary Response to Lesson Question:

PART 4: CHRONOLOGY

This is the section of your study guide where you put it all together! Draw a line below (or on a
separate sheet of paper if you need more space) and add the major events, dates, and changes
that you think are important in this unit. You’ll notice that most of the events, terms, and
historical figures in each Unit are connected somehow, whether by causation, geography, course
themes, etc. See if you can find ways to connect your timeline entries together! Making those
connections will is the absolute best way to discover and understand historical relationships,
and to build the knowledge that will help you write great history essays!