 Compare & contrast Turkish and English

o Alphabet and Numbers

o Subject & Object Pronouns and Demonstratives
 I, he, she, it, …
 Me, him, her, it, …
 this – that
o Word Order (SVOPT)
 Sentence Types (Nominal & Verbal Sentences)
o The verb “to be”
o Present Simple
 Possessives (Adjectives & Pronouns and ’s & of)
 Wh- Question words
 Nouns: (Articles / Quantifiers)
o a/an – the
o some – any – a lot of – a little – a few – much - many
 There is / are
 Have got
 Prepositions of Place
o In, on, at
 Present Simple & Present Continuous Tense
o Adverbs of frequency
 Ability: Can / Advice: Should
 Future Simple (will vs. to be going to)
 Past Simple & Past Continuous Tense
o When - While
 Prepositions of Time
o In, on, at
A2
● Adjectives (Bare Form / Degrees of Adjectives: Comparative & Superlative Forms)
● Adverbs (Formation and Types)
● Too / Enough
● Present Perfect and Present Perfect Progressive
● If Clauses
● Wish Clauses
● Would like / prefer / rather / mind
● Could
● Must / Have to
B1
● Used to / be used to / get used to
● Past Perfect and Past Perfect Progressive
● Future Continuous and Future Perfect
● Perfect Modals
● Active / Passive Voice
B2
● Noun Clause
● Reported Speech
● Relative Clause
● Conjunctions (Adverbial Clauses)
● Gerunds & Infinitives
● Common Phrasal Verbs
 TURKISH ENGLISH

Alphabet

A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z.
a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, w, x, y, z.

Number Cardinal Ordinal Number Cardinal Ordinal

1 one first 21 twenty-one twenty-first

2 two second 22 twenty-two twenty-second

3 three third 23 twenty-three twenty-third

4 four fourth 24 twenty-four twenty-fourth

5 five fifth 25 twenty-five twenty-fifth

6 six sixth 26 twenty-six twenty-sixth

7 seven seventh 27 twenty-seven twenty-seventh

8 eight eighth 28 twenty-eight twenty-eighth

9 nine ninth 29 twenty-nine twenty-ninth

10 ten tenth 30 thirty thirtieth

11 eleven eleventh 40 forty fortieth

12 twelve twelfth 50 fifty fiftieth

13 thirteen thirteenth 60 sixty sixtieth

14 fourteen fourteenth 70 seventy seventieth

15 fifteen fifteenth 80 eighty eightieth

16 sixteen sixteenth 90 ninety ninetieth

17 seventeen seventeenth 100 one hundred hundredth

18 eighteen eighteenth 500 five hundred five hundredth

19 nineteen nineteenth 1,000 one thousand thousandth

20 twenty twentieth 1,500 one thousand five hundred one thousand five
or fifteen hundred hundredth
 Number Cardinal Ordinal Number Cardinal Ordinal

100,000 one hundred

hundred thousandth
thousand

1,000,00 one millionth

0 million

WORD ORDER

Subject (S) Verb (V) Object (O)

I am eating an apple.

They don’t watch TV.

She studies English.

George isn’t tired.

We are happy.

The car is red.

Exercise

Clara and Steve are married.

 S V O

The boy reads a magazine. The horse rides the man. They sit on the floor.

The cat bites a woman's leg. We live in Ankara. I am not ready.

Put the words in order

We / friends / are ………………………………………. read / I / books ……………………………………….

big / My family / is ………………………………………. on the bench / They / sit ………………..……….…..

is / Sam / my brother goes / She / to the school …………………….…….

…………………………………………
We / French / speak ……………………………….…
She / is / a teacher .……………………………………….
Ankara / love / I …………………………………..…..
happy / is / My sister
………………………………………… He / plays / computer games
………………………….
He / tall / is …………………………………………….
eats / pizza / My father
are / sad / You ……………………………………….. ……………………………….

Build your own sentences in order

SUBJECT VERB OBJECT

PRONOUNS

Subject Possessive Possessive Object

Pronouns Pronouns Adjectives Pronouns

I Ben My … Benim … Mine Benimkisi Me Beni/Bana

He O His … Onun … His Onunki Him Onu/Ona

She O Her … Onun … Hers Onunki Her Onu/Ona

It O Its … Onun … Its Onunki It Onu/Ona

We Biz Our … Bizim … Ours Bizimki Us Bizi/Bize

You Sen/Siz Your … Senin/Sizin … Yours Seninki/Sizinki You Sizi/Size

They Onlar Their … Onların … Theirs Onlarınki Them Onları/Onlar

a
 Demonstrative Pronouns / Adjectives
This / This … Bu / Bu … These / These … Bunlar / Bu …lar
That / That … Şu / Şu … Those / Those … Şunlar / Şu …lar

I am happy. My friend is sad. Their books are red, mine is blue. He doesn’t call me.
He is our teacher. His name is Sam. This book isn’t hers, it is his. She calls him.
She isn’t here. Her cat is cute. Its color is green. I don’t give it to you.

Exercise
Fill in the blanks using Subject Pronouns

cat and horse………… Mary…………… Tom …………… children ………..

Jack and I ………….. books …………. sister …………. bicycle …………

You and Dave ……….. plane …………. sunshine ………. son …………….

cheese ……………… cactus ………… parents ………….. shop …………….

Pamela ……………… news ................ scissors ................... Mr. Green ……………

geese ……………. flowers ………… piano ……………. friendship ………….

school …………. daughter ………… milk …………… buses …………..

papers ………… sugar ……….. feet ………….. brother-in-law …………..

picture ……….. Ann and Kate ………. tennis …………. dolphin …………

The Riggs family ……….. mice …………… sky …………….

Change the subject noun(s) to subject pronouns Change the object noun(s) to object pronouns
My father is tall. He is tall.
My mother is short. She is short.
You and your friend are shy. You are shy.

1. My sister is thirsty.

2. My grandmother is old.

3. The students are young.

4. The restaurant is expensive.

5. The dog is angry.

6. The cats are fat.

7. The city is big.

8. The girls are pretty.

9. The sock is clean.

10. The socks are dirty.

11. You and I are happy.

12. You and your brother are sad.

13. The man is tired.

14. The men are rich.

15. The woman is quiet.

16. The women are noisy.

17. You and I are hungry.

THE VERB “TO BE”

Affirmative Negative Interrogation
I am ready. I am not ready. Am I ready?
He is ready. He isn’t ready. Is he ready?
She is ready. She isn’t ready. Is she ready?
It is ready. It isn’t ready. Is it ready?
We are ready. We aren’t ready. Are you ready?
You are ready. You aren’t ready. Are we ready?
They are ready. They aren’t ready. Are they ready?

Exercise

1. My cat _____ black and white. 31. Scott ______ a boy.

2. He ____ inside the house. 32. He ______ seven years old.
3. Mum and Dad _______ away. 33. Maria ______ a girl.
4. Grandma _____ here. 34. She _______ Scott’s sister.
5. Grass _____ green. 35. You _______in my house.
6. The sun _____ yellow. 36. I like it when you ______here.
7. ______ the sea blue? 37. He _______ a good footballer.
8. New York ____ a city in the USA. 38. They ________ from Germany.
9. Canada ______ north of the USA. 39. We _______from Denmark.
10. A horse ______ an animal. 40. It ______ hot today.
11. The bike _____ from my father. 41. Tinker ______ a dog.
12. The poster _____ from John. 42. He ______ my dog.
13. The plane ______ late. 43. A football _______ often white.
14. The people _______ noisy. 44. It ______ my bike.
15. Nobody _______ here. 45. Muzzy _______ a monster.
16. John, Mike and Bo ______ sick. 46. We _______happy.
17. An egg _____ white and yellow. 47. _______ you from America?
18. Rome ___ the capital city of Italy. 48. She ______ is from Canada.
19. Beans _______ green. 49. I _______ from Australia.
20. They ______ healthy. 50. He ______tall.
21. I ______ hungry. 51. They _______ new here.
22. Sylvia ______ in love with Bob. 52. Today _______Tuesday.
23. The queen _______ fat. 53. And tomorrow _____ Wednesday.
24. The king ______ strong. 54. Peter _____ in grade three.
25. You _______ brave. 55. Sarah and Derek ______ at home.
26. They ________ mad. 56. We ______ going to eat now.
27. Coffee ______ hot. 57. I ______ good at math.
28. Ice-cream _______ cold. 58. You and I ______ good friends.
29. Pancakes _________ good. 59. ______ you his friend?
30. It _______ a super job! 60. Hockey _____ a winter sport.

HAVE AND HAVE GOT

Look at this example with have: We can use have or have got:
They always have breakfast at seven o’clock. ● To talk about the things we possess:
We have a house in Spain.
POSITIVE We’ve got a house in Spain.
I/you/we/they have Paul doesn’t have a car.
He/she/it has Paul hasn’t got a car.
Do you have any money?
NEGATIVE FULL FORM SHORT FORM Have you got any money?
I/you/we/they do not have don’t have
He/she/it does not have doesn’t have ● To talk about our families:
Jane has a brother and a sister.
QUESTIONS Jane’s got a brother and a sister.
Do I/you/we/they have...?
Does he/she/it have...? ● To describe people:
She has blue eyes.
Look at this example with have got: She’s got blue eyes.
I’ve got three brothers. Does your brother have long hair or short hair?
 Has your brother got long hair or short hair?
POSITIVE FULL FORM SHORT FORM
I/you/we/they have got ‘ve got ● To say that we are not feeling well:
he/she/it has got ‘s got I have a headache.
I’ve got a headache.
NEGATIVE
I/you/we/they have not got haven’t got We use have (not have got) to talk about meals and
he/she/it has not got hasn’t got holidays, and with a bath, a shower, or a wash:
Do you normally have a big breakfast?
QUESTIONS Have a good holiday!
Have I/you/we/they got…? She’s having a shower at the moment.
Has he/she/it got…? I always have a wash before I go out.

Practice

Write positive or negative sentences or questions, using have got and the words in brackets ( ).
> (she/not/brown eyes) She hasn’t got brown eyes.
1. (he/a flat/in the town center) …………………………………………………………
2. (you/a car?) …………………………………………………………
3. (I/not/a brother) …………………………………………………………
4. (she/a headache) …………………………………………………………
5. (Steve/brown hair?) …………………………………………………………

Now write sentences or questions using have in the Present Simple (have, has, don’t have, doesn’t have,
etc.)
> (we/always/eggs/for breakfast) We always have eggs for breakfast.
1. (John/always/a holiday in August) …………………………………………………………
2. (she/a bath/every Friday) …………………………………………………………
3. (you/a shower/in the morning) …………………………………………………………
4. (I/always/lunch/in the park) …………………………………………………………
5. (They/not/a swimming pool) …………………………………………………………

Put the words in brackets ( ) in the correct order to complete the dialogues.
> (got - I’ve - two) A: Have you got any brothers or sisters?
B: Yes, I’ve got two brothers.
1. (in Edinburg - a flat - she’s got) A: Does your sister live in Scotland?
B: Yes, …………………………………………………………
2. (you - got - have - a headache?) A: What’s the matter? ……………………………………………..
B: No, but I feel tired.
3. (blonde hair - she - got - hasn’t) A: Jane’s tall and blonde.
B: No, you’re wrong. ……………………………………………………
4. (have - you - do - a holiday every year?) A: …………………………………………………………
B: No, I don’t.
5. (he’s - a shower - having) A: Where’s Michael? Is he ready?
B: No, …………………………………………………………
6. (a car - I - got - haven’t) A: Are you going to drive to Scotland?
B: No, …………………………………………………………
7. (you - dinner at seven? - have - do) A:…………………………………………………………
B: No, we always eat at seven-thirty.
Some of the sentences are wrong. Rewrite the wrong sentences and tick ( ✓) the correct sentences.
> We’ve got a holiday in Mexico every year. We have a holiday in Mexico every year.
> Paul’s got a sister in Scotland. ✓
1. She is tired, but she doesn’t have a cold. …………………………………………………………
2. I haven’t got lunch every day. …………………………………………………………
3. Have you got a shower every day? …………………………………………………………
 4. Have you got an English dictionary? …………………………………………………………
5. Do you have a headache? …………………………………………………………
6. I have got a holiday in Spain every year. …………………………………………………………
7. We’ve got a large garden. …………………………………………………………
8. I’ve got a bath at ten and I go to bed at eleven. ………………………………………………..
9. They’re having got dinner at the moment. …………………………………………………………
10. They’ve got two dogs. …………………………………………………………
11. Have got a good weekend. …………………………………………………………
12. Have you got a motorbike? …………………………………………………………

THERE İS / ARE

Affirmative Negative Interrogation

Singular There is There isn’t Is there…?
Plural There are There aren’t Are there…?

There is mistake in this exercise. There are 109 elements in the Periodic Table.
A mistake in the exercise. 109 elements are in the Periodic Table.
It’s a mistake in the exercise. They are 109 elements in the Periodic Table.

There’s a book on the table.

There are nine planets in the solar system.

Exercise
a) There______ 25 students in the class. 1) _____________ a big kitchen in my flat.
b) There______ a hospital in the city center. 2) _____________ two bedrooms in my house.
c) There______ a big super market near my house. 3) _____________ a bookcase in your room?
d) There______ two teachers in the room. 4) _____________ a chair, a desk and a wardrobe by the
e) There______12 songs on this CD. window.
f) There______ a good film on TV tonight. 5) _____________ three floors in your house?
g) There______ his friends. 6) _____________ a living room and a dining room in my
h) There______ your mobile phone. flat.
i) There______ a computer and a TV in my room. 7) _____________ five chairs at the table.
j) There______ seven books in my bag. 8) _____________ a bookshelf on the wall?
k) There______ no homework today. 9) _____________ many boxes under the table?
10) _____________ a bed and a wardrobe between the
chairs.
11) _____________ a new carpet on the floor?
12) _____________ a new carpet and an old carpet on
the floor.

ABİLİTY: CAN / ADVİCE: SHOULD

NOUNS: (ARTİCLES / QUANTİFİERS / DEMONSTRATİVES)

 PREPOSİTİONS

PRESENT SİMPLE & PRESENT CONTİNUOUS TENSE

ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY

WH- QUESTİON WORDS

PAST SİMPLE & PAST CONTİNUOUS TENSE

WHEN – WHİLE

FUTURE SİMPLE (WİLL VS. TO BE GOİNG TO)