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    Name 205 Shipbuilding Materials and Metallurgy

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    Sakib Rafee
    Cement is a binding agent that joins together ceramic raw materials without firing or sintering through a process called cementation. Common cementation reactions include calcium silicate hydrates that form when Portland cement sets. Portland cement is the most widely used construction material and gets its name from limestone cliffs on Portland Island in England. When water is added to cement, a hydration reaction occurs producing a solid gel that bonds aggregate particles like sand and gravel to form concrete. Ancient Romans used pozzolana cement, made by grinding volcanic ash with lime, which gave extraordinary strength to structures like the Pantheon.

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    Name 205 Shipbuilding Materials and Metallurgy

    Uploaded by

    Sakib Rafee
    24 views11 pages
    Cement is a binding agent that joins together ceramic raw materials without firing or sintering through a process called cementation. Common cementation reactions include calcium silicate hydrates that form when Portland cement sets. Portland cement is the most widely used construction material and gets its name from limestone cliffs on Portland Island in England. When water is added to cement, a hydration reaction occurs producing a solid gel that bonds aggregate particles like sand and gravel to form concrete. Ancient Romans used pozzolana cement, made by grinding volcanic ash with lime, which gave extraordinary strength to structures like the Pantheon.

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    CEMENT 14

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    Cement is a binding agent that joins together ceramic raw materials without firing or sintering through a process called cementation. Common cementation reactions include calcium silicate hydrates that form when Portland cement sets. Portland cement is the most widely used construction material and gets its name from limestone cliffs on Portland Island in England. When water is added to cement, a hydration reaction occurs producing a solid gel that bonds aggregate particles like sand and gravel to form concrete. Ancient Romans used pozzolana cement, made by grinding volcanic ash with lime, which gave extraordinary strength to structures like the Pantheon.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    24 views11 pages

    Name 205 Shipbuilding Materials and Metallurgy

    Uploaded by

    Sakib Rafee
    Cement is a binding agent that joins together ceramic raw materials without firing or sintering through a process called cementation. Common cementation reactions include calcium silicate hydrates that form when Portland cement sets. Portland cement is the most widely used construction material and gets its name from limestone cliffs on Portland Island in England. When water is added to cement, a hydration reaction occurs producing a solid gel that bonds aggregate particles like sand and gravel to form concrete. Ancient Romans used pozzolana cement, made by grinding volcanic ash with lime, which gave extraordinary strength to structures like the Pantheon.

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    Name 205

    Shipbuilding Materials and Metallurgy

    Present No:14
    Prof. Dr. Md. Abdul Gafur
    PP&PDC, BCSIR and Adjunct Faculty, MIST

    CEMENT
    Ceramic raw materials are joined using a binder
    Cement that does not require firing on sintering in a
    process called cementation. of sodium
    silicate, the introduction of CO2 gas acts as
    a catalyst to dehydrate the sodium silicate
    solution into a glassy material:
    xNa2O +ySiO2.H2O + CO2  glass
    Figure shows silica sand grains used to
    produce molds for metal casting. The
    liquid sodium silicate coats the sand
    Figure grains and provides bridges between
    A micrograph of silica sand grains
    bonded the sand grains. Introduction of the
    with sodium silicate through the CO2 converts the bridges to a solid,
    cementation mechanism (X60).
    joining the sand grains.
    Cement
    • When the liquid slurry reacts,
    • Fine alumina powder interlocking solid crystals of gypsum
    dispersions catalyzed with (CaSO4. 2H2O) grow with very small
    phosphoric acid produce an pores between the crystals.
    aluminum phosphate cement • Larger amounts of water in the
    original slurry provide more porosity
    Al2O3 + 2H3PO4  2AlPO4 + and decrease the strength of the final
    3H2O plaster.
    • When alumina particles are • One of the important uses of this
    bonded with the aluminum material is for construction of walls in
    phosphate cement, buildings.
    refractories capable of • The most common and important of
    operating at temperatures as the cementation reactions occurs in
    high as 1650°C are produced. Portland cement, which is used to
    produce concrete
    • Plaster of paris, or gypsum, is
    another material that is
    hardened by a cementation
    reaction:
    • CaSO4.1/2 H2O + 3/2H2O
    CaSO4. 2H2O
    Portland Cement
    • Cements are classified as hydraulic and
    nonhydraulic.
    • Hydraulic cements set and harden under water.
    Nonhydraulic cements (e.g., lime, CaO) cannot
    harden under water and require air for
    hardening.
    • Portland cement is the most widely used and
    manufactured construction material.
    • It was patented by Joseph Aspdin in 1824 and is
    named as such after the limestone cliffs on the
    Island of Portland in England.
    Portland Cement
    • Hydraulic cement is made from calcium silicates with an
    approximate composition of CaO (60 to 65%), SiO2 (20 to
    25%), and iron oxide and alumina (7 to 12%).
    • The cement binder, which is very fine in size, is composed of
    various ratios of 3 SiO2.Al2O3 (S3A), 2CaO.SiO2 (C2S)
    ,3CaO.SiO2 (C3S), 4CaO.A2O3.Fe2O3 (C4AF) and other
    minerals.
    • In the cement terminology, CaO, SiO2, Al2O3, and Fe2O3 are
    often indicated as C, S, A, and F, respectively. Thus, C3S means
    3CaO-SiO2.
    • When water is added to the cement, a hydration reaction
    occurs, producing a solid gel that bonds the aggregate
    particles.
    Types of Cements
    Reaction with water
    • 2C3S+6H 3Ch+C3S2H3 (tobomorite gel)
    • 2C2S+4H Ch+C3S2H3 (tobomorite gel)
    • C3A+10H+CSH2 C3ACSH12 aluminino monosulpahte hydrate
    Calcimum

    • C3A+12H+Ch C3AChH12 tetracalcium alumininate hydrate


    • C4AF+10H+ChC6AFH12 calcium alumininate hydrate

    • Concrete is an aggregate composites – is a combination


    of sand and gravel (aggreate) bounded by cement with
    water. Cement is the matrix. Modern concrete uses
    the portland cement named for the Island of
    Portland where a local local limestone closely
    resembles to the synthetic product.
    Pozzolana, also spelled pozzuolana, or pozzolan,
    hydraulic cement discovered by the Romans and
    still used in some countries, made by grinding
    pozzolana (a type of slag that may be either
    natural—i.e., volcanic—or artificial, from a blast
    furnace) with powdered hydrated lime.
    Roman engineers used two parts by weight of
    pozzolana mixed with one part of lime to give
    strength to mortar and concrete in bridges and
    other masonry and brickwork.
    During the 3rd century BC, the Romans used
    pozzolana instead of sand in concrete and
    mortared rubblework, giving extraordinary
    strength.
    Used with an aggregate of broken tuff, travertine,
    brick, or marble, the material contributed to the
    evolution of new architectural forms in such
    monumental constructions as the Pantheon and
    the Baths of Caracalla at Rome.
    Pozzolana was first found at Puteoli
    (modern Pozzuoli), near Naples, where
    there are still extensive beds, and also
    around Rome.
    Natural pozzolana is composed mainly of a
    fine, chocolate-red volcanic earth. An
    artificial pozzolana has been developed
    that combines a fly ash and water-
    quenched boiler slag.
    Brick  banned

    • End

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