.

=Kd;aul wOHdmkhla
YsIag iïmkak mqrjeisfhla

wOHdmk m%;sm;a;sh
cd;sl ck n,fõ.h
w OHdmkh hkq ta ta mqoa.,hka i;= úNj;djka
yd yelshdjka biau;= lrñka iudc
ixj¾Okhg il%shj odhl úh yels iunr
fm!reIhla iys; YsIag iïmkak udkj iïm;la
ìyslsÍfï ixialD;sl l%shdj,shls'
kuq;a Y%S ,dxlSh wOHdmk l%shdj,sh fuu
wruqKq idlaId;a lr .ekSu i|yd wiu;a jS we;s
nj ù we;s nj;a thg blauka yd idOkSh m%;spdr
oelaùu w;HjYH ldrKhla nj iEu fofklau
ms<s.ks;s' Y%S ,xldfõ ksoyia wOHdmkh ms<sn| wms
wdvïnrfhka l;d lruq' tfy;a oekg mj;sk
Y%S ,xldfõ wOHdmk l%shdj,sh iïmQ¾K fkdfldg
w;rueo msgux jk m%;sY;h b;d by< w.hls'
mdi,a hd hq;= jhfia miqjk <uqkaf.ka m%d:ñl
wOHdmkh i|yd we;=¿ jk m%;sY;h 97]ls'
bka 11 jk jir olajd wOHdmkh ,nkafka 87]la
muKla jk w;r w'fmd'i'^id'$fm'& iu;aj
Wiia fm< wOHdmkh i|yd msúfikafka 51]la
muKs' thskq;a úYajúoHd, i|yd jrï ,nd
.kqfha 8]la muK iq¨ m%;sY;hls' wfkla w;ska
wOHdmkfha M,odhS njo nrm;, .eg,qjls
jhi wjqreÿ 20g jvd jeä ck.ykfhka 26'3]la
úêu;a jD;a;Sh mqyqKqjla ,nd fkdue;' m<uq
jirg <uqka we;=<;a lsÍfï§ foudmshka uqyqK
fok ÿIalr;d iy tu l%shdj,sfhys mj;sk
¥Is; nj ms<sn| we;s úfõpkh b;d nrm;<h'

3
 tfy;a mj;sk mdi,a 10"194ka 5161lau ^49]la&
<uqka 200g jvd wvq mdi,a ùu u.ska fmkS hkafka
mdi,a moaO;sh ;=< úIu;dj iy tu úIu;dj
ms<sn| iudch olajk ixfõ§;djhs' tfukau
—ksoyia˜ wOHdmkh we;ehs lshk rgl wOHdmkh
fjkqfjka fm!oa.,slj orkakg isÿù we;s úhou
úYd,h' ,nd .; yels wOHdmkfha .=Kd;aul
;;ajh muKla fkdj wOHdmkhg m%fõY ùug
we;s wjia:dj mjd flfkl=f.a wd¾Ól uÜgu
u; r|d mj;sk nj ryila fkdfõ' fhdackdjk
´kEu m%;sm;a;shla yd jevms<sfj<la ilia
úh hq;af;a oekg mj;sk wOHdmk w¾nqohg
ms<shula fiùu iy ksoyia wOHdmkfha wruqKq
jk iudkd;au;dj iu whs;sh iy iu wjia:d
;yjqre jk mßÈh'
th lsÍug isÿ jkafka wOHdmkh úlD;s
ù we;s ;;ajhla ;=< nj;a th flá ld,Skj
fjkia l< fkdyels nj;a wms oksuq' fhdacs;
jevms<sfj< iïmQ¾K ùu i|yd lsishï ld,hla
.;jkq we;s nj;a tu ksid tu ld, iSudj
wka;¾ld,Sk (Transitional phase) f,i y÷kd
.ekSug isÿ jkq we;' tu ld,h ;=< wOHdmkh
fj<| NdKavhla lsÍu fyda fj<|fmd< ;¾lh
;=< ls%hd;aul ùu u.ska wOHdmkfha ienE
wruqK bgq lr .; fkdyelsh hk moku u;
úúO uÜgïj, fm!oa.,sl wOHdmkh kshdukh
lsÍu i|yd ;djld,sl wdh;ksl jHqyhka o
we;s lsÍug isÿ jkq we;'

4
 cd;sl ck n,fõ.h

wOHdmkh flfia úh hq;= o@

fmrmdi,a wOHdmkfha isg Wiia wOHdmkh olajd wjYH
wruqo,a rdcHh úiska lrñka ksoyia wOHdmk l%shdj,sh
mj;ajdf.k hEu iy th kshdukh lsÍu i|yd wjYH udkj
iy fN!;sl iïm;a we;=¿ há;, myiqlï iy;sl lsÍu
rcfha j.lSu fõ'
iSud lsÍulska f;drj iudcfha ish¨ lKavdhïj,g ish
iqÿiqlï yd l=i,;d wkqj wOHdmkh i|yd tl yd iudkj
m%fõYùu i|yd wjia:dj ;sìh hq;=h'
j.lSï iy.; mqrjeishl= f,i iudc m%;sudkhka ms<s.
ksñka iy tajdg .re lrñka lghq;= lsÍug;a wjYH oekqu"
l=i,;d" wdl,am" mßphka iy w.h lsÍï wOHdmkh úiska
,nd Èh hq;=h'
wOHdmkh /lshd fj<|fmd< iy l¾udka; wjYH;dj
u; muKla mokï fkdúh hq;= jqjo iudc wjYH;dj iy
M,odhs;dj by< kexùug iu;a fiajd kshqla;shla ,nd .ekSu
i|yd wOHdmkh odhl úh hq;=h'
wOHdmkfha wka;¾.;h ish¨ cd;sl;ajhka we;=¿
ixialD;Ska ish,a,g ms<s.; yels" lsisÿ iudc lKavdhulg
fjkia f,i fkdi,lk" ish¨ lKavdhïj,g wdrlaIdj
imhk .=Kd;aula jQjla úh hq;=h'

5
wOHdmkh

wOHdmkh hkq mj;akd oekqu ,nd .ekSu;a tu oekqu

ikaksfõokh lsÍu;a tfukau kj oekqu ksIamdokh;a
wka;¾.; jQ l%shdj,shls'
mqoa.,hl= wOHdmkh ;=<ska ,nd .kakd ish¨ ixj¾Okhka
mj;sk ish¨ ixialD;Skag buy;a odhl;ajhla olajk w;r
iudch úiska ish mqrjeishdf.a wOHdmkh fjkqfjka b;d
by< msßjehla orhs' ta wkqj wOHdmkh úiska iudchg j.jk
mqrjeishka ìys l< hq;=h'
iudÔh" wd¾Ól iy mdßißl lafIa;%hkays l,ameje;au iy
.=Kd;aulNdjh j¾Okh lsÍu wOHdmkfha uQ,sl wruqKqj,ska
tlla úh hq;=h'
f.da,Sh yd foaYSh wjYH;d wkqj iïm;a mßfNdackh lrk
w;ru wkd.;h i|yd tajd wdrlaId jk mßÈ lghq;= lsÍug
iy kfjda;amdok l%shdud¾. m%j¾Okh lsÍug wOHdmkh iu;a
úh hq;=h'
wOHdmkh ksYaÑ; jhia ldKavhlg iSud jkakla fkdfõ'
tfukau th tljr iïmQ¾K l< yels l%shdj,shlao fkdfõ'
tu ksid ,nd we;s by<u wOHdmk iqÿiqlu l=ula jqj;a
kshef,k jD;a;sh l=ula jqj;a Ôú; ld,h ;=<u wOHdmkh
,nd .; yelsjk mßÈ tu l%shdj,sh ilia ù ;sìh hq;=h'
wOHdmk wvx.=j ld,Sk yd iudc wjYH;djkag .e,fmk
mßÈ hdj;ald,Sk úh hq;= w;r f.da,Sh yd foaYSh wjYH;djkag
Wmfhda.S jk mßÈ fjkia lr,Sfï yelshdj mej;sh hq;=h'
bf.kqï mßirh ;=< uQ,sl udkj idrO¾u iy in|;d
fukau wkqN+;sl bf.kSï m%j¾Okh lsÍu u.ska mqoa.,hd ;=<
Ôú;h ms<sn| .eUqqre w¾:hla" m%cdj iy f,dalh ms<sn| mq¿,a
oelaula we;s lsÍu u.ska bf.kqu ms<sn| ,d,idjla ckkh
l< hq;=h'
kj oekqu ksIamdokh b,lal lr.;a m¾fhaIK Èß.ekaùu"
kfjda;amdokh" wêlaIKh iy we.hSu" oekqu fnod yeÍu
iy w;am;a lr .ekSu" f;dr;=re iy ikaksfõok ;dlaIKh

6
 cd;sl ck n,fõ.h

fhdod .ekSu u.ska kj oekqu w;am;a lr .ekSu iy fnod

yeÍu wOHdmk l%shdj,sh ;=< wka;ra.; úh hq;=h'
kdhl;ajh iy wdpdrOd¾ñl nj" idl,H;dj" iudc
ixp,kh iy m%cd iyNd.s;ajh ^social mobilization&
community engagement& nyqúO iudc fldgia iyNd.s;ajh
j¾Okh lsÍu iy M,odhS ikaksfõokh o wOHdmkfha
w;HjYH wx.hka úh hq;=h'
.=Kd;ul wOHdmk l%shdj,shla mj;ajdf.k hdu
i|yd tys jD;a;Sh ixj¾Okh" úIhud,d iy YslaIK úoHdj
^curriculum pedagogy& ksrka;rfhka hdj;ald,Sk lsÍu"
há;, myiqlï mj;ajdf.k hdu iy j¾Okh lsÍu" m%ñ;Ska
iy ;;aj kshdukh (standards & accreditation&" ld¾h uKav,
l<ukdldÍ;ajh fukau foaYmd,k wNsm%dh" kS;s iïmdokh"
m%;sm;a;s iy kshdukh" uQf,damdhsl ie,iqï ilia lsÍu"
uq,H iïmdokh" ixúOdk jHqyh" ;;ajdrlaIK iy ms<s.ekSu"
j.ùu jeo.;a fõ'

l%shdud¾.
mQ¾j <udúh ixj¾Ok wOHdmkh
mQ¾j <udúh ixj¾Okh hkq yqfola iïu; rduqjlg hg;a jQ
wOHdmkhlau fkdj orejdg mjq,a mßirfha isg iudc Ôú;hg
msúiSug wjYH jk uQ,sl myiqlï imhk l%shdj,shls' ta
wjia:dj ,nd §u yd ta wjêh ;=< iudÔh jia;=jla f,i
orejd wdrlaId fldg we;soeä lsÍu iudc j.lSuls'
• wjqreÿ 03 isg 05 olajd jk jhfia isák ish¨ orejka
i|ydu úëu;a uq,a <udúh ixj¾Ok wOHdmkhla
fkdñf,a ,nd§u'
• iEu orejl=gu ish ksjfia isg fyda foudmshkaf.a fiajd
ia:dkfha isg ls'ó' 02la we;=<; jk fmr mdi,l
wOHmkh ,eîug yels jk mßÈ ms<s.;a m%ñ;Skag wkqj
ieliqKq uq,a <udúh ixj¾Ok uOHia:dk moaO;shla
we;s lsÍu'

7
wOHdmkh

• wúêu;a úIhud,d yd l%shdldrlï fjkqjg orejkaf.a

ldhsl yd udkisl ;;ajhkag f.dapr jk mßÈ yd iudc
Ôú;hg msúiSug wjYH jk hym;a mqreÿ" wdl,am yd
wdpdrO¾u j¾Okh lrk l%shdldrlï we;=<;a jk
jevigykla y÷kajd §u'
fuys§ wd;au úYajdihlska hq;=j tÈfkod Ôú;hg iy wjg
mßirg wkq.;j jevlsÍug we;s yelshdjka j¾Okh
lsÍu flfryso ie,ls,a,g .; hq;=h'
• uq,a <udúh ixj¾Ok uOHia:dk kshdukh lsÍu i|yd
cd;sl uq,a <udúh ixj¾Ok wêldßhla
• uq,a <udúh ixj¾Ok uOHia:dk md,sldjka iy .=rejr
.=rejßhka i|yd wju wOHdmk iqÿiqlï iy wksjd¾h
jD;a;Sh mqyqKqj
• uq,a <udúh ixj¾Ok fiajh jD;a;Sh uÜgñka ms<s.
ekSula ,efnk whqßka wju jegqmla
• uq,a <udúh ixj¾Ok jD;a;slhka mqyqKq lsÍu i|yd
úëu;a cd;sl wdh;khla iy Bg wkqnoaO YdLd
moaO;shla Èjhsk mqrd
• uõ NdIdjg wu;rj l:k ikaksfõok NdId f,i
wfkla cd;sl NdId iy bx.%sis NdIdj yqre lsÍï
• nyq wd.ñl nyqjd¾.sl yd nyqixialD;sl úúO;ajhg
wkq.;j tu úúO;ajh .re lrñka lghq;= lsÍug orejd
yqre lrjk jevigyka
• orejkaf.a fi!LHh yd fmdaIK ;;ajh j¾Okh lsÍu
i|yd jevigyka
oekg mj;sk fmr mdi,a ish,a, i|yd wjYH myiqlï
imqrd § by; i|yka uq,a <udúh ixj¾Ok uOHia:dk moaO;sh
fj; wkqhqla; lsÍug lghq;= lrkq we;' tfukau tajdfha
fiajfha fh§ isák uQ,sl iqÿiqlï iys; wh i|yd fmrmdi,a
ms<sn|j jD;a;Sh mqyqKqj ,nd § cd;sl fmr mdi,a jD;a;Sh
fiajh fj; wkqhqla; flf¾'
8
 cd;sl ck n,fõ.h

m%d:ñl yd oaú;Shl
s wOHdmkh
iEu orefjl=ug jir 13l Ydia;S%h fyda jD;a;Sh mdi,a
wOHdmkhla wksjd¾h jk mßÈ mdi,a moaO;sh m%;sjHqy .;
flf¾' tfukau mdi,a wd.ñl" jd¾.sl fyda ia;%S mqreINdjh
mokïj fjka fkdlsÍu iy;sl úh hq;=h' ish¨ orejkag
myiqlï iys; mdi,lg ;r.ldß;ajhlska f;drj we;=<;a
ùug yelsjk mßÈ m%d:ñl mdi,a moaO;shla iy m%d:ñl mdi,a
02 fyda 03la wdjrKh jk mßÈ lksIaG oaú;Shsl mdi,a moaO;sh
yd fcHIaG oaú;Shsl mdi,a moaO;sh ilia flf¾' fcHIaG
oaú;Sshsl mdi,a moaO;sh ;=< Ydia;%Sh fukau jD;a;Sh wOHdmk
l%shd;aul flf¾' tfukau wjYH jk mßÈ Ydia;%Sh fyda jD;a;Sh
wOHdmkfha tla tla lafIa;% fjkqfjka úfYaISlrKh jq
mdi,a mej;sh yelsh'
ish¨ mdi,a ldKav my; mßÈ j¾.SlrKh flf¾'
m<uq jir isg 5 jir olajd m%d:ñl mdi,a
6 jir isg 9 jir olajd jk lksIaG oaú;Sshsl mdi,a
10 jir isg 13 jir olajd fcHIaG oaú;Shsl mdi,a

tu mdi,a moaO;sh ;=<

• iEu orejl=gu ish ksjfia isg fyda foudmshkaf.a fiajd
ia:dkfha isg ls'ó' 04la we;=<; jk mdi,l wOHmkh
,eîug yels jk mßÈ ms<s.;a m%ñ;Skag wkqj ieliqKq
rcfha mdi,a jHqyhla
• m<d;a md,k wdh;k úiska mj;ajdf.k hk
wjYH;djkag yd ms<s.;a m%ñ;Skag wkql+,j mdi,a
m%jdyk moaO;shla
• iEu mdi,lu ;sìh hq;= wju myiqlï ks¾Kh fldg
pl% f,aLhla
• myiqlï mj;ajdf.k hdu i|yd wjYH fN!;sl iy
udkj iïm;a iemhSu rcfha j.lSula

9
wOHdmkh

• mx;s ldurhla ;=< isáh hq;= Wmßu YsIH ixLHdj iy

;sìh hq;= wju myiqlï ms<sn| pl%f,aLhla
• <udúhg ndOdjla fkdjk mßÈ ta ta jhia ldKavhkag
.e,fmk f,i yd wkjYH nrla fkdmegfjk mßÈ
úIhud,dj kej; ilia lsÍula
06 jir isg 09 jir olajd jk jir y;r lksIaG
oaú;Shsl wOHdmk wjêh ;=< hym;a mqrjeisfhla ks¾udKh
lsÍug wjYH idËr;d" úoHd yd .Ks;" iudc" ;dËKsl
yd fi!kao¾h fukau NdId oekqu we;=¿ fmdÿ wOHdmkhla"
,nd§u fukau fcHIaG oaú;Shsl wOHdmkh wjYH miqìu
iliajk wOHdmkhla ,nd §u lksIaG oaú;Shsl wOHdmkfha
wruqKhs' tu wruqK i|yd iqÿiq ifudaOdksl úIh ud,djla
ilia fldg l%shd;aul l< hq;=h'
• m%d:ñl mdi,a folla fyda ;=kla wdjrKh jk mßÈ
fuu lksIaG oaú;Shsl mdi,a moaO;shla
• isiqkaf.a jhi ldKav iy Bg wod< nqoaêuh ;;ajhka
j¾Okh jk mßÈ kj úIhud,d'
• orejkaf.a yelshdjka iy úfYaI l=i,;dj wkqj Wiia
wOHdmkh fyda jD;a;Sh wOHdmkh f;dard .; yels jk
mßÈ 06 jir isg 09 jir olajd b.ekaúh hq;= m%Odk
úIhhka'
• <uqkaf.a iudc idrO¾u iy mqrjeis j.lSï ixj¾Okh
lsÍu iy;sl lrk wu;r úIhhka yd l%shdldrlï '
• iEu orefjl=gu ish wd.u ms<snoj fukau Y%S ,xldfõ
m%Odk wd.ï ms<snoj ;=< kd;aul wOHdmkhla ,efnk
wdldrhg wd.u úIhla'
• ta ta jhia ldKavhkag .e,fmk mßÈ ,sx.sl yd m%ckk
fi!LHh ms<sn| wOHdmkhla'
• mßir ys;ldñ;ajh yd fidndoyfï mej;au ms<s.kakd
wdl,am ixj¾Okh jk úIh iudka;r jevigyka'

10
 cd;sl ck n,fõ.h

iudc mqrjeishl= f,i lghq;= lsÍug wjYH uQ,sl oekqu

iy wdNdIh ,nd .ekSu fcHIaG oaú;Shsl wOHdmkfha wruqK
fõ' tfukau ;D;Shsl wOHdmkhg mokï jk Ydia;%Sh fyda
jD;a;Sh oekqu iy Ndú;djka ms<sn| wjOdkh fhduq lrñka
úIhOdrd iy úIhud,d ilia úh hq;=h' tu ksid oaú;Shsl
wOHdmkfhka miq Ydia;%Sh fyda jD;a;Sh Wiia wOHdmkhg
fhduq jk isiqkag wjYH flfrk uQ,sl oekqu fukau Rcqj
jD;a;Ska fj; fhduq jk isiqkag wjYH uQ,sl wOHdmksl
mokuo ilia lsÍu fuu wjêfha§ isÿ l< hq;= fõ'
kjh jif¾§ mj;ajkq ,nk cd;sl uÜgfï úNd.fhka
miq isiqka ish l=i,;d iy leue;a; u; Ydia;S%h ^úoHd" l,d"
jdKsc jeks úIhOdrd& fyda jD;a;Sh úIh Odrdj ^iDcqju
lsishï jD;a;shlg wod< jk& f;dard .kq we;' oaú;Shsl
fcHIaG wOHdmkfha uq,a jir fol ;=< ish wNsu;h mßÈ
tla úIhOdrdjlska ;j;a úIhOdrdjlg udreúh yels mßÈ
úIhud,d iy tys nr ;eîï l%shd;aul l< hq;=h'
• kjh jir wjidkfha§ f;dard.;a m%Odk úIhhka i|yd
cd;sl uÜgñka mj;ajkq ,nk úNd.hla
• ta ta YsIHhdf.a úNjhg iy reÑl;ajhg iß,k mßÈ
úIhOdrd f;dard .ekSug bv m%ia:d
• Ydia;S%h iy jD;a;Sh moku imhk ta ta úIhOdrdjkag
úfYaIs; jQ úIhhka fukau fmdÿ ksmqK;d j¾Okh
jk ;dlaI‚l idlaIr;dj" Ôjk ksmqK;d" idys;H ri
úkaokh" uQ,sl kS;sh iïnkaO kj úIhka
• 10 isg 13 jir olajd hdfï§ l%ñlj wod< úIh Odrdjg
wod< oekqfuys .eUqr jeä jk mßÈ úIh ud,d'
• 11 jir wjidkfha§ ish wNsu;h mßÈ tla úIhOdrdjlska
;j;a úIhOdrdjlg udre úh yels mßÈ iqkuH úIhud,d
• iqyqre mka;sldur wka;¾cd,h jeks kùk l%ufõo u.ska
f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh yd frdfnda ;dlaIKfha uQ,sl
Ndú;hka ms<sn| wOHdmkh ,nd §fï jevms<sfj,la

11
 wOHdmkh

• ,xldfõ wd.ñl" jd¾.sl yd ixialD;sl úúO;ajhkag

wkq.;j tu úúO;ajh .re lrñka lghq;= lsÍug <uqka
yqrelrjk bf.kqï mßirhla'
• Ôjk ksmqK;d yd iudcdkqfhdackhg wjYH oekqu yd
m%dfhda.sl l=i,;d ixj¾Okh lsÍug wjYH jevigyka
'
• ;dreKHhg .e,fmk mßÈ ,sx.sl yd m%ckk fi!LHh
ms<sn| wOHdmkhla
• mdi,a Ôú;fha isg jeäysá f,dalhg t<fUk mßj¾;kSh
hq.hg uqyqK §ug wjYH oekqu" wdl,am" iy ksmqK;d
,nd Èh yels bf.kqï mßirhla
• j.lSï oeÍu" kdhl;ajh" iylïmkh" iudc in|;d
mj;ajd .ekSu" .eg¨j,g uqyqK§ug iy wjYH úgl§
iudc wdOdr moaO;s fj; hEug we;s oekqu ms<sn|
jevigyka

m<uq jif¾ isg 9 jir olajd mdi,a

10 -11 jir
Ydia;%Sh wOHdmkh uQ,sl jD;a;sh wOHdmkh

12 -13 jir
Ydia;%Sh wOHdmkh Wiia ;dlaIKsl uOHu ;dlaIKsl
wOHdmkh wOHdmkh

;D;Shsl wOHdmkh ;D;Shsl

jD;a;sh wOHdmkh

12
 cd;sl ck n,fõ.h

úNd. iy we.hSï
mdi,a úNd.
• m<uq jir isg my jir olajd mSvdldÍ úNd. wfydaishs
• tla tla <uhdf.a l=i,;d uÜgï fjk fjku
y÷kd.ekSug ^Feedback& iy ta wkqj úfYaI mshjr'
• 06 jir isg 09 jir olajd mj;ajkq ,nk úNd. u;
1 2 3 wd§ f,i <uqka j¾.SlrKh ^rank& wfydaishs'
• <uqkaf.a mqoa.,sl l=i,;d m%Yia; uÜgfï ika;;slj
mj;ajdf.k hdu i|yd wjYH we.hSï l%u'
• tla tla j¾Ih wjidkfha§ m%cdkk yelshd wkqj úfYaI
wjOdkhg ,laúh hq;= <uqka y÷kdf.k Tjqka fjkqfjka
iqÿiq jevigyka'

cd;sl uÜgfï úNd.

• mSvdldÍ my jir YsIH;aj l%uh wfydais
• ish¨ ;dlI‚l iy wfkl=;a fN!;sl myiqlï iys;
cd;sl úNd. w.ehSï uOHia:dk moaO;shla
• w'fmd'i' ^id'$fm'& iy w'fmd'i' ^W'$fm'& úNd. m%;sM,
uila we;=<;
• ta ta úIh mdi,aj, W.kajk .=rejr .=rejßhkag we.hSï
l%shdj,sh ms<sn| mqyqKqjla
• wod, .=rejr .=rejßhka we.hSï l%shdj,shg iïnkaO ùu
wksjd¾hhs
• ld¾hlaIu;dfjka yd ksrjoH;dfjka hq;=j we.hSï
l%shdj,sfhys fhfok mÍlaIljreka fY%a‚.; fldg
w;sf¾l Èß §ukd

13
wOHdmkh

YdÍßl fi!LHh
• <uqkaf.a YdÍßl yd udkisl iunr;djhka mj;ajdf.k
hdu i|yd wjYH jevigyka
• iEu mdi,lgu mdkSh c,myiqlï iy msßisÿ jeisls,s
moaO;shla
• l%Svdj by, kexùu i|yd l%Svd msá" kdkldur wd§
há;, myiqlï iEu mdi,lu we;s lrk w;r Bg
.e,fmk mßÈ mdi,a ld,igyka
• oaú;Sl mdi,aj, iudc hymeje;au j¾Okh lsÍu iy
Bg wod< .eg¨ ms<sn| lghq;= lsÍu i|yd
• jD;a;Sh ksmqK;dj iys; udkj iïm;a iy ;dlaIKsl
Ndú;h iys; tall msysgqùu u;aøjH Ndú;h iy iajhx
ysxikh wd§ .eg¨ je<elaùu ms<sn|j úfYaIfhka
lghq;= lsÍu
• úfYaIfhka wOHdmksl wdh;k wjg u;aøjH wf,ú
lsÍu fnod yeÍu je<elaùu i|yd taldnoaO jevigykla
l%shd;aul lsÍu

mdi,a wOHdmk mßmd,kh iy

udkj iïm;a m%j¾Okh
• wOHdmk lafIa;%fha n|jd .ekSï" Wiiaùï iy udreùï
iy wfkl=;a jD;a;Sh lghq;= i|yd iajdëk wOHdmk
mßmd,k fiajd fldñIka iNdjla
• mdi,a wdh;kj, we;sjk ish¨ mqrmamdvq msrùu udi
02la we;=<;
• wOHdmkh i|yd tlu wud;HxYhla
• .=re jD;a;shg msúfik iEu whl=u Wmdêhla
• wjYH udkj iy fN!;sl iïm;a ,nd foñka ish¨
14
 cd;sl ck n,fõ.h

.=re wNHdi úoHd, iy wOHdmk úoHdmSG Wmdê m%odk

wdh;k njg Wiia lsÍu
• .=Kd;aul wOHdmk l%shdj,shla i|yd .=re jD;a;Sh
Y%S ,xldfõ by<u jegqma ,nk jD;a;Ska 10 w;rg
• .=re jD;a;Shg msúiSug fmr wju jYfhka jirl
jD;a;Sh mqyqKqjla
• úIh ud,d fjkia ùï iy lafIa;%fha kj m%jK;d ms<sn|
iEu jir ;=klg jrla wksjd¾h mqyqKq jevigyka
• wOHdmkh ms<sn| m¾fhaIK iy ld¾hidOk
úYaf,aIKj, ksr; ùug wjYH myiqlï ,nd §u iy
tu lghq;=j, kshef<k whg Èß §ukd
• úIhud,d hdj;ald,Sk lsÍu iEu jir y;rlg jrla
• mdi,a moaO;sh ;=< ish¨ m%cdj uqyqK fok ,sx.sl fyda
fjk;a ysxikhka msgq oelSu i|yd Yla;su;a jHqyhla
• úIhud,d ixj¾Okh" fm< fmd;a iïmdokh iy we.hSï
l%shdj,sh tlsfkl iïnkaO fldg mj;ajdf.k hdug
yels jk kj wdh;ksl jHqyhla we;s
• msßfjka iy wfkl=;a wd.ñl wdY%s;j flfrk
wOHdmkh kshdukh fldg wjYH myiqlï iemhSu
i|yd mia wjq/ÿ ie,eiaula

;D;Shl
s wOHdmkh
fuys§ ;D;Shsl wOHdmkh hkakg jD;a;Ska ioyd jQ úfYaI
mqyqKqj" oekqï ksIamdokh iy fnod yeÍu yd oekqu w;am;alr
.ekSu hk ix>gl we;=<;a fõ' jD;a;Ska i|yd jQ úfYaI
mqyqKqj hgf;a úfYaI mqyqKqj we;=<;a jk ´kEu jD;a;sh
lafIa;%hla ^Wod'- ffjoH" bxðfkare" kS;s" .=re" ld¾ñl fiajd"
ixpdrl fiajd" uQ,H fiajd" l,d yd ixialD;sl'''& we;=<;a
fõ' oekqu ksIamdokh hkqfjka woyia jkafka" iudchSh
jYfhka wjYH lrk ´kEu kj oekqula ksIamdokh lsÍuh'

15
wOHdmkh

oekqu w;am;a lr.ekSu hkakg iudcfha nqoaêuh kdhl;ajh

.; yels msßia ks¾udKh lsÍu iy oekqu ksIamdokh ioyd
wjYH msßia ìys lsÍu we;=<;a fõ'
kuq;a oekqu ksIamdokh" iudcfha nqoaêuh kdhl;ajh
.; yels msßia ks¾udKh lsÍu" iy oekqu ksIamdokh ioyd
wjYH msßia ìys lsÍu hk wxY ;=k úYajúoHd,hla ;=<
wksjd¾hhfhkau ;sìh hq;=h' úYajúoHd,hla hkqfjka woyia
jkafka fuu wx. ;=ku idl,H f,i we;=<;a lr.kakd
wdh;k fõ'

l%shdud¾.
• m<uq jirg we;=<;a jk whf.ka wju jYfhka 50] lg
j;a Ydia;%Sh" jD;a;Sh fyda ;dlaI‚l Wiia wOHdmkh
;=<ska Wmdêhla
• ta ta jD;a;Sh lafIa;%j,g we;=<;a ish¨ fiajd ioyd
Wmdêhla
• w'fmd'i ^W'fm& m%;sM, ksl=;aù udi 3 la we;=<;
úYajúoHd, m%fõYh
• uQ,sl mshjrla f,i úYajúoHd, m%fõYh i|yd oekg
we;s Èia;%sla fldagd l%uh ixfYdaOkh lr" l,dm
wOHdmk fldÜGdi jeks jvd l=vd wOHdmk tall u;
mokï jQ fldagd l%uhla
• ta ta mdGud,dfõ wju iqÿiqlï y÷kdf.k ta iqÿiqlï
imqrd,k ish¨ fokdg wod< mdGud,dj yeoErSug
wjia:dj
• úfYaI wjYH;d iys; mqoa.,hkag lsisÿ fjkia f,i
ie,lSulska f;drj ;D;Shsl wOHdmkhg we;=¿ùug
wjia:d
• ;D;Shsl wOHdmkh kshdukh i|yd fldñiula

16
 cd;sl ck n,fõ.h

• fkajdisld.dr" foaYkd.dr iy m¾fhaIKd.dr" fi!LHh"

l%Svd" idys;Hh" fmdÿ YsIH l%shdldrlï" mqia;ld,"
wka;¾cd, m%fõYh iy ish¨ m%cdjg Ndú; l< yels
m%ñ;skag wkql+, wdmkYd,d
• ;D;Shsl wOHdmk wdh;kj, isÿjk ysxikh je<elaùfï
taldnoaO jHqyhla
• ;D;Shsl wOHdmk wdh;kj, Ydia;%Sh ksoyi ;yjqre
lsÍu
• oekg mj;sk úYajúoHd, mk; fhdað; m%;sm;a;s yd
jevms<sfj<g .e,fmk mßÈ hdj;ald,Sk lsÍu
• ;D;Shsl wOHdmk wdh;kj, wOHhk iajdëk;ajh
;yjqre lsÍu
• mßmd,k wdh;kj, iajdëk;ajh iy m%cd;ka;%jdoh
;yjqre lsÍu
• wOHhk wkOHhk n|jd .ekSfï mámdáh
ks¾foaYmd,kSlrKh lsÍu
• mßmd,k iy wfkkl=;a jD;a;Sh .eg¨ ms<sn| ,efnk
meñ‚,s úu¾Ykh lsÍu i|yd úêu;a yd iajdëk
jHqyhla iEu ;D;Shsl wOHdmk wdh;khla ;=<u
ia:dms; lsÍu
• cd;sl yd m%dfoaYSh wjYH;d ie,ls,a,g .ksñka ;D;Shsl
wOHdmk wdh;k ;=< kj Wmdê mdGud,d yd m¾fhaIK
• iEu Wiia wOHdmk wdh;khlu YsIH YsIHdjkag
cd;Hka;r úYajúoHd,j, mYapd;a Wmdê wOHdmkhg
bx.%sis NdId we;=¿ wfkl=;a uQ,sl iqÿiqlï ,nd .ekSu
úfYaI tall
• cd;Hka;r úYajúoHd,j, mYapd;a Wmdê wOHdmkh
wjia:d ,nd .ekSug wjYH in|;d mq¿,a lsÍu
• ta ta mdGud,dfõ wju iqÿiqlï y÷kdf.k ta iqÿiqlï
imqrd,k ish¨ fokdg wod, mdGud,dj yeoErSug

17
wOHdmkh

wjia:dj
• jD;A;Sh mdGud,d i|yd md¾Yaúl we;=<;aùï (Lateral
Entries) l%ñlj
• foaYSh yd úfoaYSh l¾udka; iu. m¾fhaIK l%shd;aul
lsÍug yd úoHd yd ;dlaIKsl lafIa;%fhaa mYapd;a Wmdê
i|yd úYajúoHd, moaO;shla
• mYapd;a Wmdê wOHhk iy m¾fhaIK Yla;su;a lsÍu
i|yd wjYH uQ,H yd fN!;sl iïm;a ,nd §u
• Wmdêh iu;aù udi folla we;=<; /lshdjla fyda
jirl mqyqKqjla ,nd§u i|yd iEu úYajúohd,hlu
úfYaI tall

jeäysá yd ÿria: wOHdmkh

jeäysá wOHdmkh hkqfjka woyia lrkafka ÈhqKq
iudc" foaYmd,ksl yd ixialD;sl wjfndaOhka iys;j
wdpdrOd¾ñl yd j.lSï iy.;j m%cd Ôú;h fmdaIKh fldg
hym;a mqrjeishl= ks¾udKh lsÍu i|yd wjYH jk úêu;a
m%cd flakaøSh wOHdmkh fõ' fuys§ úúO fya;=ka u; úêu;a
wOHdmk l%ufhka úúO wjia:dj,§ bj;a ùug isÿ jQ iEu
whl=u mßmQ¾K mqrjeishl= njg m;alsÍug wjYH jk iudc"
foaYmd,ksl iy ixialD;sl wOHdmkh ,nd §u ms<sn| úfYaI
wjOdkh fhduq flf¾'
úúO jD;a;Skays ksh,S isák iy úúO wjia:dj, ;D;Shsl
wOHdmkh iïmQ¾K lsÍug fmr úêu;a wOHdmkfhka
bj;aùug isÿ jQ whg ;D;Shsl wOHdmkh ,nd §u fuhska
woyia flf¾' ta wkqj ish fiajd ;;ajh fyda N+f.da,Sh idOl
mokï lrf.k ndOd we;s fkdjk mßÈ Wiia wOHdmkhg
m%fõY úh yels wjia:d mq¿,a flf¾'

18
 cd;sl ck n,fõ.h

• iEu m%dfoaYSh f,alï n,m%foaYhla ;=<u m%cd wOHdmksl

uOHia:dkhla hgf;a
• iEu mqrjeishl=gu isxy," fou< iy bx.%sis NdId
bf.kSug mdGud,d'
• uQ,sl kS;sh" f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh yd ;dlaIKsl fuj,ï
Ndú;h ms<sn| wOHdmksl jevigyka
• újD; yd ÿria: wOHdmkh ;D;Shsl wOHdmkfha
fldgila nj ms<s .ekSu'
• m%dfoaYSh yd újD; wOHdmksl lafIa;%fha wruqK bgq
lr .ekSu i|yd oekg mj;sk wdh;ksl jHqyhka ys
fjkila

fhdað; wOHdmksl m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd

foaYmd,ksl wêldßfha jqjukdj iy lemùu w;HjYH
jk w;r tu jevms<sfj< l%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd wjYH jk
mßmd,kuh yd jHqyd;aul fjkialï iqÿiq mßÈ we;s l<
hq;=h'

19
 wOHdmk m%;sm;a;s iïmdol lñgqj
fudrgqj úYajúoHd,fha ysgmq ksfhdacH Wml=,m;s yd YS% ,xld f;dr;=re ;dlaIK
wdh;kfha mYapd;a Wmdê iy m¾fhaIK wOHhk mSGfha mSGdêm;s
uydpd¾h rdyq, w;,f.a uy;d
weußldfõ iEï yQiagka úYajúoHd,fha ixLHdkh ms<sno
uydpd¾h wdkkao nkaÿ,isß uy;d
YS% chj¾Okmqr úYajúoHd,fha ysgmq Wml=,m;s
uydpd¾h tia'î' fyÜáwdrÑÑ uy;d
reyqKq úYajúoHd,fha úoHd mSGfha mSGdêm;s
uydpd¾h mS'ta' chka; uy;d
reyqKq úYajúoHd,fha úoHd mSGfha ridhksl úoHdj ms<sno
uydpd¾h ðkfiak fyajf.a uy;d
ishkE wOHdmk úoHd mSGhfha ysgmq mSGdêm;s
iqkkao j¾Kl=,iQßh uy;d
w.aksos. úYajúoHd,fha f,alLdêldÍ
wíÿ,a i;d¾ uy;d
wOHdmk wud;HdxYfha .Ks; úIh ms<snoj ysgmq wOHdmk wOHlaIl
úchodi fyajdú;drK uy;d
YS% ,xld újD; úYajúoHd,fha foaYmd,kh yd cd;Hka;r wOHhkh wxYh
wdpd¾h w;=,isß iurfldaka uy;d
fmardfoKsh úYajúoHd,fha jHjydßl úoHd mSGh
wdpd¾h úfÊkaø nKAvdr uy;d
fld<U úYajúoHd,fha b;sydi wOHhk wxYh
wdpd¾h ks¾ud,a rxð;a foajisß uy;d
YS% ,xld újD; úYajúoHd,fha iudc úoHd wOHhk wxYh
wdpd¾h yßks wuriqßh uy;añh
,xld .=re fiajd ix.ufha m%Odk f,alï
uyskao chisxy uy;d
le,Ksh úYajúoHd,fha bx.S%is NdId wOHhk wxYh
wdpd¾h m%Nd ukqr;ak uy;añh
le,Ksh úYajúoHd,fha fN!;sl úoHd wOHhk wxYh
uydpd¾h fÊ'wd¾'mS' chfldä uy;d
reyqKq úYajúoHd,fha .Ks; wOHhk wxYh
wdpd¾h wð;a rùkaø o fu,a uy;d
le,Ksh úYajúoHd,fha ridhk úoHd wOHhk wxYh
uydpd¾h lms, fifkúr;ak uy;d
md¾,sfïka;= uka;S%
ìu,a r;akdhl uy;d
wdpd¾h uhsl,a m%kdkaÿ uy;d
uyskao r;akdhl uy;d
rx.k ,laud,a foajm%sh uy;d