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Ergonomics and Facilities Planning For The Hospitality Industry

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Julie Fe de Alca
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274 views

Ergonomics and Facilities Planning For The Hospitality Industry

Uploaded by

Julie Fe de Alca
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ERGONOMICS AND FACILITIES PLANNING FOR THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY

PHILIPPINE WOMEN’S UNIVERSITY CDCEC Page 1


ERGONOMICS AND FACILITIES PLANNING FOR THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY

UNIT INTRODUCTION TO ERGONOMICS AND


FACILITIES PLANNING FOR HOSPITALITY
2
UNIT INDUSTRY - 2
MENU DEVELOPMENT
2

LET’S GET STARTED

After studying this unit, you will be able to:

• Explain what is human machine system;


• Define the principle of capacity in ergonomics;
• Understand where ergonomics can be applied;
• Learn why anthropometry is important in the study of ergonomics.

PHILIPPINE WOMEN’S UNIVERSITY CDCEC Page 2


ERGONOMICS AND FACILITIES PLANNING FOR THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY

HUMAN MACHINE SYSTEM


A system is a set of elements, the relations between these elements and the boundary around
them.
Most systems consist of people and machines and perform a function to produce same form of
output. Inputs are received in the form of matter, energy and information.
For ergonomic, the human is a part of the system and must be FULLY INTEGRATED into it at the
design stage.
Human requirements are therefore system requirements, rather than secondary considerations
and can be stated in general terms as requirements for:

• Equipment that is usable and safe;


• Task that are compatible with people’s expectations, limitations and training;
• An environment that is comfortable and appropriate for the task;
• A system of work organization that recognizes people’s social and economic needs.
Compatibility – matching demands to capabilities
Compatibility between the user and the rest of the system can be achieved at a number of levels.
It is a concept that is common to the application of ergonomics across a wide range of settings
and disciplines. In order to achieve compatibility, we need to assess that demands placed by the
technological and environmental constraints and weigh them against the capabilities of the
users.
The date base of modern ergonomics contains much information on the capabilities and
characteristics of people and one of the main purpose of this is to introduce the reader to this
information and show how it can be used in practice.
The date base of modern ergonomics contains much information on the capabilities and
characteristics of people and one of the main purpose of this is to introduce the reader to this
information and show how it can be used in practice.

ERGONOMIC ENTROPY
Is disorder in system functioning that occurs owing to a lack of compatibility in some or all of the
interactions involving the human operator.
The incompatibility can occur for a variety of reasons, for example:

PHILIPPINE WOMEN’S UNIVERSITY CDCEC Page 3


ERGONOMICS AND FACILITIES PLANNING FOR THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY

• Human requirements for optimum system functioning were never considered at the
design stage (e.g. there was a failure to consult appropriate standards, guidelines or
textbooks).
• Inappropriate task design (e.g. new devices introduce unexpected changes in the way
task are carried out and these are incompatible with user knowledge, habits ot capacity,
or they are incompatible with other tasks.)
• Lack of prototyping (e.g. modern software development is successful because it is highly
iterative; users are consulted from the conceptual stage right through to pre- production
prototypes).
Disorder in the way system function usually costs money and examples of the economic benefits
of ergonomics are given throughout the lesson.
System Analysis is the name of the discipline that studies the structure and function of work
systems and provides the means by which simple systems may be combined to form more
complex systems. Systems analysis is an integral part of all advanced work in ergonomics.

APPLICATION OF ERGONOMICS
There are two ways in which ergonomics impacts upon system design in practice.

• Firstly, many ergonomists work in research organizations or universities and carry out
basic research to discover the characteristics of people that need to be allowed for in
design. This research often leads, directly or indirectly, to the drafting of standards,
legislation and design guidelines.
• Secondly, many ergonomist work in a consultancy capacity either privately or in an
organization. They work as part of a design team and contribute their knowledge to the
design of the human- machine interaction in work systems. This is often involves the
application of standards guidelines and knowledge to specify particular characteristics of
the system.

ANTHROPOMETRY
In basic terms, anthropometry is the measurement of the physical attributes of humans. Over
time, the body dimensions of the human population have changed. In general, people have
become taller and heavier than in the past. There is currently an obesity epidemic in the United
States (US), and the result is that people are much heavier compared with the population around
the 1930s and 1940s. This chapter is not concerned with how people in the US got to this point,
rather how the tools people use must be changed to accommodate this heavier population.
Anthropometry: Greek – Anthro, man; and pometry, measure, literally meaning “measurement
of humans.” Physical anthropology refers to the measurement of the human individual for
understanding human physical variation. Today, anthropometry plays an important role in
industrial design, clothing design, architecture, and ergonomics. Changes in life styles, nutrition,
and ethnic composition of populations lead to changes in the distribution of body dimensions
PHILIPPINE WOMEN’S UNIVERSITY CDCEC Page 4
ERGONOMICS AND FACILITIES PLANNING FOR THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY

(e.g., food consumption, exercise) and require regular updating of anthropometric data
collections.

Key Points
In ergonomics, anthropometry is used as the basis of setting up a workstation. The two primary
objectives of the ergonomics process are to enhance performance and reduce fatigue. The
ergonomics process is a multistep method to evaluate work, study how the body responds to
these work demands, and use this information to design or improve work areas to best meet
these two objectives. The design of a work area or equipment can have significant effects on
worker fatigue, safety, and performance. In addition, with the expansion of machine technology,
new and different equipment is continually introduced to the workplace each year. This
expansion of technology in the workplace can both ameliorate workspace problems and create
them. For a work area to flow efficiently and productively, both the equipment and the people
must be operating smoothly. Any obstacle, difficult reach, congestion or confusion can impair
work output and may, at times, compromise worker safety (Bradtmiller, n.d.).

PHILIPPINE WOMEN’S UNIVERSITY CDCEC Page 5

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