Chap 23 Quiz Bio

1. Which of the following statements is a misconception about evolution of populations?
a. Natural selection acts on individuals.

b. Most heritable variation involves quantitative characters.
c. Microevolution is a change in the genetic structure of a population over time.
d. For a population to evolve, individual members of the population must also evolve.
e. Without genetic variation, evolution would not be possible.
2. Which of the following is a true statement concerning genetic variation?

a. A population that has a higher average heterozygosity has less genetic variation than
one with a lower average heterozygosity.
b. It is created by the direct action of natural selection.
c. It must be present in a population before natural selection can act upon the
population.
d. It tends to be reduced by the processes involved when diploid organisms produce
gametes.
e. It arises in response to changes in the environment.
3. Which of the following is the best example of high relative fitness?

a. a soapberry bug that produces more offspring than its neighbour
b. a Douglas fir that lives for 500 years
c. a cheetah with extraordinary speed and ability to catch prey
d. a male robin that copulates with many different females
4. Use the following information to answer the questions below.

In those parts of equatorial Africa where the malaria parasite is most common, the
sickle-cell allele constitutes 20% of the hemoglobin alleles in the human gene pool.
If the sickle-cell allele is recessive, what proportion of the population should be
susceptible to sickle-cell anemia under typical conditions?
a. 0.04
b. 0.16
c. 0.20
d. 0.32
e. 0.80
5. In a Hardy-Weinberg population with two alleles, A and a, that are in equilibrium, the
frequency of the allele is 0.3. What is the percentage of the population that is
homozygous for this allele?
a. 0.49
b. 0.09
c. 0.9
d. 9.0
e. 49.0
6. You overhear the statement, “I just can’t believe that all life evolved by chance!” If you
were to interrupt and correct this reasoning, what would be an appropriate response?
a. Chance plays a variety of roles in evolution, but natural selection is a strong
directional force in the evolution of populations.
b. Life has existed for millions of years, which is more than enough time for completely
random events to shape the diversity of life.
c. Chance has nothing to do with it! Evolution by natural selection is a completely
ordered process.
d. Mutations are the only chance events involved in evolution. Natural selection is an
ordered process that directionally alters populations.
7. Which of the following is a fitness trade-off (compromise)?

a. In some hornbill species, the male helps seal the female in a tree with her nest until
the young are ready to fledge.
b. Fruit bats are better pollinators of native fruit trees than birds are.
c. Hummingbirds are the best pollinators of certain flowers, but bees are the best
pollinators for orchids.
d. The strong, thick beak of a woodpecker helps it find insects in trees.
e. Turtle shells provide protection but are heavy and burdensome when moving
8. In seedcracker finches from Cameroon, small-and large-billed birds specialize in

cracking soft and hard seeds, respectively. If long-term climatic change resulted in all
seed becoming hard, what type of selection would then operate on the finch
population?
a. directional selection
b. disruptive selection
c. stabilizing selection
d. No selection would operate because the population is in Hardy-Weinberg
equilibrium.
9.Sparrows with average-sized wings survive servere storms better than those with
longer and shorter wings, illustrating
a. the bottleneck effect.
b. frequency-dependent selection.
c. stabilizing selection
d. disruptive selection.
e. neutral variation.
10.Use this information to answer the following questions.
Many species once roamed across large areas of continents, and for millions of years
these species were "shaped" by their environment. Today, numerous species, especially
large carnivores, are found in national parks and nature reserves that are isolated by
hundreds or thousands of kilometres of land now occupied by humans. The cheetah is
one example of a species that has shown several dramatic decreases in numbers over
time, and now occupies a small fraction of its historic range.
Which of the following statements would most likely apply to cheetahs currently found
in Kenya and South Africa?
a. Certain alleles may be under- or over-represented in cheetah populations.
b. Cheetah populations likely passed through several bottlenecks, which may have been
caused by factors such as disease, competition with other predators,
overhunting, poaching, and habitat loss.
c. Over time, reduced gene flow between the isolated populations would lead to
aggressive encounters if the separated populations were brought together
d. Natural selection has much more impact on large populations than on small
populations.
e. A and B

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1. Which of the following statements is a misconception about evolution of populations?

a. Natural selection acts on individuals.

2. Which of the following is a true statement concerning genetic variation?

3. Which of the following is the best example of high relative fitness?

4. Use the following information to answer the questions below.

7. Which of the following is a fitness trade-off (compromise)?

8. In seedcracker finches from Cameroon, small-and large-billed birds specialize in

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