Lesson 8 Shear or Diagonal Tension in RC Beams

ASIA PACIFIC COLLEGE OF ADVANCED STUDIES
AH Banzon St., Ibayo, City of Balanga, Bataan
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL
IN PRESTRESSED
CONCRETE DESIGN
(ELECTIVE 3)
A.Y. 2020-2021
REFERENCES:
1. Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc., (2015) National Structural Code of the
Philippines NSCP C101-15 Volume 1 Buildings, Towers and Other Vertical Structures, 7 th Edition
Second Printing 2019, Philippines: ASEP.
2. McCormac, Jack C. and Brown, Russell H., (2015) Design of Reinforced Concrete, 10th Edition, USA:
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
3. Wright, James K., (2015) Reinforced Concrete: Mechanics and Design, 7th Edition, USA: Pearson
Education Inc.
4. Aghayere, Abi O., (2018) Reinforced Concrete Design, 9th Edition, USA: Person Education Inc.
5. Nawy, Edward G., (2009) Prestressed Concrete A Fundamental Approach, 5th Edition, Pearson
Education, Inc.
6. Zamani, Arzhang, (2017) Essential Prestressed Concrete Examples: In accordance with ACI 318-14,
1st Edition, USA: Structure Gate LLC.
Lesson 7: Doubly Reinforced T-Beams
OBJECTIVE
• Analyze, design and solve problems with shear strength of reinforced concrete
GENERAL
Another type of beam failure other than bending is shear failure. Shear failures are very dangerous
especially if it happens before flexure failure because they can occur without warning. To avoid shear
failure, the NSCP Code provides permissible shear values that have larger safety factors compared to
bending failure, thus ensuring ductile type of failure.
Critical Section of the beam subjected to shear
Shear Reinforcements (Stirrups)
Stirrup Detailing Requirement

NSCP 2015 PROVISIONS
409.4.3 Factored Shear
409.4.3.1 For beams built integrally with supports, 𝑽𝒖 at the support shall be permitted to be calculated
at the face of support.
409.4.3.2 Sections between the face of support and a critical section located 𝒅 from the face of support
for non-prestressed beams and 𝒉/𝟐 from the face of support for prestressed beams shall be permitted
to be designed for 𝑽𝒖 at that critical section if (a) through (c) are satisfied:
a. Support reaction, in direction of applied shear, introduces compression into the end region of the
beam;
b. Loads are applied at or near the top surface of the beam;
c. No concentrated load occurs between the face of support and critical section.
409.5.3 Shear
409.5.3.1 𝑽𝒏 shall be calculated in accordance with Section 422.5.
409.5.3.2 For composite concrete beams, horizontal shear strength 𝑽𝒏𝒉 shall be calculated in
accordance with Section 416.4.
422.5 One-way Shear Strength
422.5.1.1 Nominal one-way shear strength at section, 𝑽𝒏 shall be calculated by:
𝑽𝒏 = 𝑽𝒔 + 𝑽𝒄 (422.5.1.1)
422.5.1.2 Cross-sectional dimensions shall be selected to satisfy Eq. 422.5.1.2
𝑽𝒖 ≤ 𝝓 (𝑽𝒄 + 𝟎. 𝟔𝟕√𝒇′𝒄 𝒃𝒘 𝒅) (422.5.1.2)
422.5.5 𝑽𝒄 for Non-Prestressed Members without Axial Force
422.5.5.1 For non-prestressed members without axial force, 𝑽𝒄 shall be calculated by:
𝑽𝒄 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟕𝝀√𝒇′𝒄 𝒃𝒘 𝒅 (422.5.5.1)
422.5.6 𝑽𝒄 for Non-Prestressed Members with Axial Compression

422.5.6.1 For non-prestressed members with axial compression, 𝑽𝒄 shall be calculated by;
𝑵𝒖
𝑽𝒄 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟕 (𝟏 + ) 𝝀√𝒇′𝒄 𝒃𝒘 𝒅 (422.5.6.1)
𝟏𝟒𝑨𝒈
422.5.10 One-way Shear Reinforcement
422.5.10.1 At each section where 𝑽𝒖 ≥ 𝝓𝑽𝒄 , transverse reinforcement shall be provided such that Eq.
422.5.10.1 is satisfied
𝑽𝒖
𝑽𝒔 ≥ − 𝑽𝒄 (422.5.10.1)
𝝓
422.5.10.2 For one-way members reinforced with transverse reinforcement, 𝑉𝑠 shall be calculated in
accordance with Section 422.5.10.5
422.5.10.5 One-way Shear Strength Provided by Transverse Reinforcement
422.5.10.5.1 In pre-stressed and prestressed members, shear reinforcement satisfying (a), (b), or (c)
shall be permitted:
a. Stirrups, ties, or hoops perpendicular to longitudinal axis member;

b. Axial welded wire reinforcement with wires located perpendicular to longitudinal axis member;
c. Spiral reinforcement.
422.5.10.5.2 Inclined stirrups making an angle of at least 45 degrees with the longitudinal axis of the
member and crossing the plane of the potential shear crack shall be permitted .to be used as shear
reinforcement in non-prestressed members.
422.5.10.5.3 𝑽𝒔 for shear reinforcement in Section 422.5.10.5.1 shall be calculated by:

𝑨𝒗 𝒇𝒚𝒕 𝒅
𝑽𝒔 = (422.5.10.3)
𝒔
where 𝒔 is the spiral pitch or the longitudinal spacing of the shear reinforcement and 𝑨𝒗 is given in
section 422.5.10.5.5 or 422.5.10.5.6
422.5.10.5.5 For each rectangular tie, stirrup, hoop, or crosstie, 𝑨𝒗 shall be the effective area of all bar
legs or wires within spacing 𝒔.
422.5.10.5.6 For each circular tie or spiral, 𝑨𝒗 shall be two times the area of the bar or wire within
spacing 𝒔.
409.6.3 Minimum Shear Reinforcement
409.6.3.1 A minimum area of shear reinforcement, 𝑨𝒗,𝒎𝒊𝒏 shall be provided in all regions where 𝑽𝒖 >
𝟎. 𝟓𝝓𝑽𝒄 except for the cases in Table 409.6.3.1, where at least 𝑨𝒗,𝒎𝒊𝒏 shall be provided where 𝑽𝒖 > 𝝓𝑽𝒄
409.6.3.2 If shown by testing that the required 𝑀𝑛 and 𝑉𝑛 can be developed, Section 409.6.3.1 need not
be satisfied. Such tests shall simulate effects of differential settlement, creep, shrinkage, and
temperature change, based on a realistic assessment of these effects occurring in service.
409.6.3.3 If shear reinforcement is required and torsional effects can be neglected according to Section
409.5.4.1, 𝑨𝒗,𝒎𝒊𝒏 shall be in accordance with Table 409.6.3.3
STRENGTH REDUCTION FACTORS

STEPS IN VERTICAL STIRRUPS DESIGN (SIMPLIFIED METHOD)
STEP 1: Calculate the factored shear force 𝑽𝒖 , at critical sections defined in 409.4.3.2
STEP 2: Calculate the shear strength provided by the concrete, 𝑽𝒄 in accordance with Section 422.5.5.
𝑽𝒄 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟕𝝀√𝒇′𝒄 𝒃𝒘 𝒅
Case 1: 𝑽𝒖 > 𝝓𝑽𝒄
If 𝑽𝒖 > 𝝓𝑽𝒄 concrete can’t hold the shear alone. Therefore, stirrups is needed proceed to step 3
Case 2: 𝟎. 𝟓𝝓𝑽𝒄 < 𝑽𝒖 ≤ 𝝓𝑽𝒄
If 𝟎. 𝟓𝝓𝑽𝒄 < 𝑽𝒖 ≤ 𝝓𝑽𝒄 we need to consider the minimum area of shear reinforcement, spaced at maximum
spacing provided in Step 6 (proceed)
Case 3: 𝑽𝒖 < 𝟎. 𝟓𝝓𝑽𝒄
If 𝑽𝒖 < 𝟎. 𝟓𝝓𝑽𝒄 the beam section is capable to carry the required shear. Proceed to step 8
STEP 3: Calculate the shear strength to be provided by the stirrup in accordance with Eq. 422.5.10.1
𝑽𝒖
𝑽𝒔 ≥ − 𝑽𝒄
𝝓
STEP 4: Check the adequacy of the beam section in accordance with Eq. 422.5.1.2
𝑽𝒖 ≤ 𝝓 (𝑽𝒄 + 𝟎. 𝟔𝟕√𝒇′𝒄 𝒃𝒘 𝒅)
Deriving the inequality on 𝑽𝒔

𝑽𝒖
≤ 𝑽𝒄 + 𝟎. 𝟔𝟕√𝒇′𝒄 𝒃𝒘 𝒅
𝝓
𝑽𝒏 ≤ 𝑽𝒄 + 𝟎. 𝟔𝟕√𝒇′𝒄 𝒃𝒘 𝒅
Where 𝟎. 𝟔𝟕√𝒇′𝒄 𝒃𝒘 𝒅 = 𝑽𝒔 we call it 𝑽𝒔 𝒎𝒂𝒙
𝑽𝒔 𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟕√𝒇′𝒄 𝒃𝒘 𝒅 ≥ 𝑽𝒔
STEP 5: Determine the actual spacing of stirrups at that section in accordance with Eq. 422.5.10.3
𝑨𝒗 𝒇𝒚𝒕 𝒅
𝑽𝒔 =
𝒔
STEP 6: Determine the value of max spacing of stirrups corresponding to Table 409.7.6.2.2
a. When 𝑽𝒔 ≤ 𝟎. 𝟑𝟑√𝒇′𝒄 𝒃𝒘 𝒅, 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑑/2 𝑜𝑟 600

b. When 𝑽𝒔 > 𝟎. 𝟑𝟑√𝒇′𝒄 𝒃𝒘 𝒅, 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑑/4 𝑜𝑟 300
STEP 7: Determine the minimum area of the stirrups in accordance with Section 409.6.3 and Table
409.6.3.3 based on your calculated spacing 𝒔
Greater of:
𝟎. 𝟎𝟔𝟐√𝒇′𝒄 𝒃𝒘 𝒔 𝟎. 𝟑𝟓𝒃𝒘 𝒔
𝑨𝒗 𝒎𝒊𝒏𝟏 = and 𝑨𝒗 𝒎𝒊𝒏𝟐 =
𝒇𝒚𝒉 𝒇𝒚𝒉
If 𝑨𝒗 𝒎𝒊𝒏𝟏 < 𝑨𝒗 proceed to the chosen diameter of stirrup

If 𝑨𝒗 𝒎𝒊𝒏𝟏 > 𝑨𝒗 increase the stirrup’s diameter
STEP 8: If 𝑽𝒖 < 𝟎. 𝟓𝝓𝑽𝒄 the stirrups are not needed, but we need to put transverse reinforcements for
stability of longitudinal bars. Use the most conservative spacing which is 600 mm.
Example 8.1
Design the spacing of 10 mm U stirrups for the beam with effective depth of 570 mm and width of 75
mm if uniform loads 𝑤𝐷𝐿 = 45 kN/m. (including its own weight) and 𝑤𝐿𝐿 = 64 kN/m with a simple span of
6 m. Use 𝒇′𝒄 = 27.6 MPa and 𝒇𝒚𝒉 = 275 MPa
Example 8.2
Situation – A rectangular concrete beam has a width of 300 mm and an effective depth of 600 mm. The
beam is reinforced with tension reinforcements having a total area of 2413 mm 2 with a steel covering of
80 mm. The beam is subjected to a factored shear force of 160 kN at its critical point at a distance “d”
from the face of support, having a span of 6 m. Assume normal weight of concrete with λ = 1.0. If the
beam is subjected to tensile axial force of 270 kN and 𝒇′𝒄 = 27.6 MPa and 𝒇𝒚𝒉 = 270 MPa
a. Determine the max shear strength of concrete

b. Determine the spacing of the 10 mm reinforcement due to this load.
c. Determine the minimum area of shear reinforcement required for this condition.

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ASIA PACIFIC COLLEGE OF ADVANCED STUDIES

AH Banzon St., Ibayo, City of Balanga, Bataan

Critical Section of the beam subjected to shear

Shear Reinforcements (Stirrups)

Stirrup Detailing Requirement

409.4.3 Factored Shear

409.5.3.1 𝑽𝒏 shall be calculated in accordance with Section 422.5.

422.5 One-way Shear Strength

422.5.1.1 Nominal one-way shear strength at section, 𝑽𝒏 shall be calculated by:

𝑽𝒖 ≤ 𝝓 (𝑽𝒄 + 𝟎. 𝟔𝟕√𝒇′𝒄 𝒃𝒘 𝒅) (422.5.1.2)

422.5.5 𝑽𝒄 for Non-Prestressed Members without Axial Force

422.5.6 𝑽𝒄 for Non-Prestressed Members with Axial Compression

422.5.10 One-way Shear Reinforcement

422.5.10.5 One-way Shear Strength Provided by Transverse Reinforcement

a. Stirrups, ties, or hoops perpendicular to longitudinal axis member;

422.5.10.5.3 𝑽𝒔 for shear reinforcement in Section 422.5.10.5.1 shall be calculated by:

STRENGTH REDUCTION FACTORS

Case 1: 𝑽𝒖 > 𝝓𝑽𝒄

Case 2: 𝟎. 𝟓𝝓𝑽𝒄 < 𝑽𝒖 ≤ 𝝓𝑽𝒄

Case 3: 𝑽𝒖 < 𝟎. 𝟓𝝓𝑽𝒄

Deriving the inequality on 𝑽𝒔

Where 𝟎. 𝟔𝟕√𝒇′𝒄 𝒃𝒘 𝒅 = 𝑽𝒔 we call it 𝑽𝒔 𝒎𝒂𝒙

a. When 𝑽𝒔 ≤ 𝟎. 𝟑𝟑√𝒇′𝒄 𝒃𝒘 𝒅, 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑑/2 𝑜𝑟 600

If 𝑨𝒗 𝒎𝒊𝒏𝟏 < 𝑨𝒗 proceed to the chosen diameter of stirrup

a. Determine the max shear strength of concrete

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