Cellular CDMA Transmitter

Pre-coded
data (bits) Symbols Chips

Orthogonal
Code 1 Spread Spectrum Code
(PN Code or Gold Code)
Data CRC FEC Inter-
Channel
1
CRC
Coding
Coding
FEC
Coding
Coding
Inter-
leaving
leaving
D/A
D/A + SSC_I SSC_Q

I I Pulse I
Pulse
Shaping
Linear Shaping
Filter
Linear Complex Filter
1:2 Complex I/Q RF
Summation 1:2 Multiplier I/Q
Summation Demux Multiplier
(I + jQ)
Modulator Out
Demux Modulator
(I + jQ) Pulse
Orthogonal Q Q Pulse Q
Code N Shaping
Shaping
Filter
Filter
Data CRC FEC Inter-
Channel
N
CRC
Coding
Coding
FEC
Coding
Coding
Inter-
leaving
leaving
D/A
D/A +

Allows for Allows for Improves Maps Gives a unique Provides 2x Gives a unique Contains Allows both signals
error detection error error digital bits identity to higher data identity to this transmitted from 1:2 Demux to
in the receiver correction correction to analog each data rate transmitter frequency share the same RF
in the in the signals stream spectrum bandwidth
(WCDMA,
receiver receiver
0 → +1 cdma2000
downlink)
1 → -1
 CDMA RAKE Receiver Architecture
Carrier
Frequency
Tracking
Loop
Rake Receiver “Finger”

cos(2π fIF t) “I” PN

Code
bit rate =
(+1/-1)
chip rate / SF

D
I/Q Integrate De- Viterbi/ Decoded
BPF LPF
Demod
Σ over
‘SF’ chips
Σ Interleave
Data
Turbo
Decoder
Output
Bits
D
Orthogona
cos(2π fRFt)
“Q” PN l
Code Code CRC
(+1/-1) (+1/-1) Verification

Timing
Correlator
Adj.
Error
Indication
Pilot
Orthogonal
Code
(all zeros)

Other Rake Receiver Finger

 GSM/GPRS Network Architecture

To other To To
BTS’s other other
Um BSC’s MSC’s

AC EIR
Abis
Base Station A E
Subsystem
(BSS) H F
F

Um External Networks

Base Base Mobile PSTN

Transceiver Station Switching Gateway
Abi A E ISDN
Station Controller Center
s MSC
(BTS) (BSC) (MSC) Internet

...
B C
C B

Um Abis A
VLR HLR VLR

D D

G
To other To
BTS’s other
BSC’s

Packet External Data

Serving GPRS Gateway GPRS
GPRS Network Control Network
Support Node Support Node
Components Unit
(SGSN) (GGSN)
(PCU) IP / X.25
 UMTS WCDMA/UMTS Network Architecture
Terrestrial Radio Access Network
(UTRAN) Core Network
(CN) To
other
Uu MSC’s
To other
RNC’s

AC EIR
Iu
Radio Network E
Subsystem
H F
(RNS) F

Uu External Networks

Mobile PSTN
Node B RNC Switching Gateway
I ub Iu E ISDN
(BTS) Center MSC
(MSC) Internet

...
B C
C B

Uu Iu
VLR HLR VLR

I ur
D D

Iu

Uu

Serving GPRS Gateway GPRS External Data

Node B RNC Network
I ub Iu Support Node Support Node
(BTS) (SGSN) (GGSN) IP / X.25

GPRS Network
Uu Components
Iu

To other
RNC’s
 WCDMA Downlink (FDD)
Logical Channels Transport Channels Physical Channels
(Layers 3+) (Layer 2) (Layer 1)

CPICH
Null Data S/P
Common Pilot Channel
Sync Codes(*)
C ch 256,0 Gain

BCCH BCH Data P-CCPCH(*) PSC

S/P
Broadcast Control Ch. Broadcast Ch. Encoding Primary Common Control Physical Ch.
C ch 256,1 Gain

PCCH PCH Data GP Σ

Paging Control Ch. Paging Ch. Encoding
SSCi
S-CCPCH
S/P
CCCH Secondary Common Control Physical Ch. SCH (Sync Channel)
GS
Common Control Ch. C ch Gain
FACH Data
CTCH Forward Access Ch. Encoding
Common Traffic Ch. DPCH (Dedicated Physical Channel)
CCTrCH One per UE
DCCH DCH Data
Dedicated Control Ch. Dedicated Ch. Encoding Cell-specific
Scrambling Downlink
DTCH DCH Data Code RF Out
Dedicated Traffic Ch. 1 Dedicated Ch. Encoding M
DPDCH (one or more per UE)
U M
Dedicated Physical Data Ch.
X U
X
S/P
Σ I+jQ I
Filter
C ch Gain
Σ I/Q
Modulator
DTCH DCH Data Filter
Dedicated Traffic Ch. N Dedicated Ch. Encoding Q

DPCCH (one per UE)

Pilot, TPC, TFCI bits
Dedicated Physical Control Ch.

DSCH Data PDSCH

S/P * Note regarding P-CCPCH and SCH
Downlink Shared Ch. Encoding Physical Downlink Shared Channel
C ch Gain
Sync Codes are transmitted only in bits 0-255 of each timeslot;
P-CCPCH transmits only during the remaining bits of each timeslot
AICH
Access Indication data S/P
(Acquisition Indicator Channel)
C ch Gain
PICH
Paging Indication bits S/P
(Paging Indicator Channel )
C ch Gain
AP-AICH
Access Preamble Indication bits S/P
(Access Preamble Indicator Channel )
C ch Gain
CSICH
CPCH Status Indication bits S/P
(CPCH Status Indicator Channel )
C ch Gain
CD/CA-ICH
CPCH Status Indication bits S/P
(Collision Detection/Channel Assignment )
C ch Gain
 WCDMA Uplink (FDD)

Logical Channels Transport Channels Physical Channels

(Layers 3+) (Layer 2) (Layer 1)
Chd Gd

CCCH RACH Data PRACH

Common Control Ch. Random Access Ch. Coding Physical Random Access Ch.

Σ
RACH Control Part

Chc Gc j
Chd Gd

DTCH (packet mode) CPCH Data PCPCH UE

Dedicated Traffic Ch. Common Packet Ch. Coding Physical Common Packet Ch. Scrambling Uplink
Σ Code
RF Out
PCPCH Control Part

I
Chc Gc j I+jQ Filter
I/Q
Σ Filter
Mod.
Q
Chd,1 Gd
CCTrCH DPDCH #1
Dedicated Physical Data Ch.
Chd,3 Gd
DCCH DCH Data
Dedicated Control Ch. Dedicated Ch. Encoding DPDCH #3 (optional)
Dedicated Physical Data Ch. ΣI
Chd,5 Gd
DTCH DCH Data
Dedicated Traffic Ch. 1 Dedicated Ch. Encoding DPDCH #5 (optional)
M Dedicated Physical Data Ch.
U Chd,2 Gd
X DPDCH #2 (optional) Σ
Dedicated Physical Data Ch.
Chd,4 Gd

DTCH DCH Data DPDCH #4 (optional)

Dedicated Traffic Ch. N Dedicated Ch. Encoding Dedicated Physical Data Ch.
Chd,6 Gd
DPDCH #6 (optional) ΣQ
Dedicated Physical Data Ch.

Chc Gd j
DPCCH
Pilot, TPC, TFCI bits
Dedicated Physical Control Ch.
 WCDMA Downlink (TDD)
Logical Channels Transport Channels Physical Channels
(Layers 3+) (Layer 2) (Layer 1)

Sync Codes(*)

BCCH BCH Data P-CCPCH(*) PSC

S/P
Broadcast Control Ch. Broadcast Ch. Encoding Primary Common Control Physical Ch.
C ch 256,1 Gain

PCCH PCH Data GP Σ

Paging Control Ch. Paging Ch. Encoding
SSCi
S-CCPCH
S/P
CCCH Secondary Common Control Physical Ch. SCH (Sync Channel)
GS
Common Control Ch. C ch Gain
FACH Data
CTCH Forward Access Ch. Encoding
Common Traffic Ch.

Cell-specific
DCCH DCH Data Scrambling Downlink
Dedicated Control Ch. Dedicated Ch. Encoding Code RF Out

DTCH DCH Data

Dedicated Traffic Ch. 1 Dedicated Ch. Encoding
CCTrCH
Σ
M I
DPDCH (up to 14 per carrier) I+jQ Filter
U
X
Dedicated Physical Data Ch.
S/P
Σ I/Q
Modulator
C ch Gain Filter
Q
DTCH DCH Data
Dedicated Traffic Ch. N Dedicated Ch. Encoding

TFCI bits

* Note regarding P-CCPCH and SCH

Sync Codes are transmitted only in bits 0-255 of each timeslot;

SHCCH DSCH Data PDSCH
S/P P-CCPCH transmits only during the remaining bits of each timeslo
DSCH Control Ch. Downlink Shared Ch. Encoding Physical Downlink Shared Channel
C ch Gain

PICH
Paging Indication bits S/P
(Paging Indication Channel )
C ch
 WCDMA Uplink (TDD)

Logical Channels Transport Channels

(Layers 3+) (Layer 2)

CCCH RACH Data PRACH

S/P
Common Control Ch. Random Access Ch. Coding Physical Random Access Ch.
C ch Gain

RACH Control Part

SHCCH USCH Data PUSCH UE

S/P
USCH Control Ch. Downlink Shared Ch. Encoding Physical Uplink Shared Channel Scrambling Uplink
C ch Gain Code
RF Out

I
I+jQ Filter
I/Q
Σ Filter
Mod.
Q
CCTrCH
DCCH DCH Data
Dedicated Control Ch. Dedicated Ch. Encoding DPDCH #1
S/P
Dedicated Physical Data Ch.
DTCH DCH Data C ch Gain
Dedicated Traffic Ch. 1 Dedicated Ch. Encoding DPDCH #2 (optional)
S/P
Dedicated Physical Data Ch.
C ch Gain
DPDCH #3 (optional)
S/P
M Dedicated Physical Data Ch.
U C ch Gain
DTCH DCH Data X
Dedicated Traffic Ch. N Dedicated Ch. Encoding

DPDCH #16 (optional)

S/P
Dedicated Physical Data Ch.
TPC, TFCI bits
C ch Gain