Working Principle of Transformer: The Working Procedure On How

“TRANSFORMER”- one of the oldest innovations in Electrical Engineering.
A
Transformer is an electrical device that can be used to transfer the power from
one circuit and another circuit without physical contact and without changing
its characteristics like frequency, phase. It is an essential device in every
electrical network circuitry. It consists of majorly two circuits, namely primary
circuits and one or more secondary circuits. [The Working Procedure on How
Transformers Work - Types & Equations (elprocus.com)]
Working Principle of Transformer

The transformer working depends upon Faraday’s
electromagnetic induction law. The mutual
induction phenomenon between two or more
winding is responsible for power transformation.
According to Faraday’s laws, “The Rate of change

of flux linkage with respect to time is directly
proportional to the EMF induced in a conductor or coil”.
E= N dϕ /dt
Where,
E = Induced EMF
N = the number of turns
dϕ = Change in flux
dt = Change in time
TYPES OF TRANSFORMERS
There are several transformer types used in the electrical power system for
different purposes, like in power generation, distribution and transmission and
utilization of electrical power. The transformers are classified based on
voltage levels, Core medium used, winding arrangements, use and installation
place, etc. Here we discuss different types of transformers are the step up and
step down Transformer, Distribution Transformer, Potential Transformer,
Power Transformer, 1-ϕ, and 3-ϕ transformer, Autotransformer, etc.
Step-Up Transformer
The voltage from the primary coil step-up
compared on the secondary coil.
Step-Down Transformer
From higher voltage to lower voltage
Transformer Based on the Core Medium Used
Based on the medium placed between the primary and secondary winding the
transformers are classified as Air core and Iron core
Air Core Transformer

The coil of the air core transformes is covered by non-
magnetic strip where the flux linkage is through the air. The
efficiency is not that high com[pared to the iron core
transformer due to non-magnetic strips that covers the coil.
Iron Core Transformer

The coils in the Iron core transformer is not covered by
non-magnetic strip. It is less reluctance and highly
efficient transformers.
Transformers Based on Winding Arrangement
AutoTransformer
The difference of the standard transformer is the primary and
secondary winding are placed in two different directions while the
auto transformer the primary and secondary windings are
connected to each other in series both physically and
magnetically.
Transformers Based on Usage
According to the necessity, these are classified as the power transformer,
distribution transformer measuring transformer, and protection transformer.
Power Transformer
The power transformers are big in size. They are
suitable for high voltage (greater than 33KV) power
transfer applications. It used in power generation
stations and Transmission substations. It has a high
insulation level.
Distribution Transformer
In order to distribute the power
generated from the power generation
plant to remote locations, these
transformers are used. Basically, it is
used for the distribution of electrical
energy at low voltage is less than
33KV in industrial purpose and 440v-
220v for domestic purpose.
 It works at low efficiency at 50-

70%
 Small size
 Easy installation
 Low magnetic losses
 It is not always fully loaded
Measurement Transformer
Used to measure the electrical quantity like the
voltage, current, power, etc. These are classified
as potential transformers, current transformers,
etc.
Protection Transformers
This type of transformers is used in component protection purposes. The
major difference between measuring transformers and protection transformers
is accuracy that means that the protection transformers should be accurate as
compared to measuring transformers.
Transformers Based on the Place of Use

Indoors transfomers must be covered and has a
proper roof, whileoutdoor transformers are
basically for outdoors.

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“TRANSFORMER”- one of the oldest innovations in Electrical Engineering.

Working Principle of Transformer

According to Faraday’s laws, “The Rate of change

N = the number of turns

Air Core Transformer

Iron Core Transformer

 It works at low efficiency at 50-

Transformers Based on the Place of Use

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