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    Hesi Med Surg Study Guide

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    George
    This document provides an overview of key concepts related to intravenous therapy and acid-base balance. It discusses hypertonic IV solutions which are used to treat intravascular dehydration with interstitial or cellular overhydration. It also covers potential complications of IV therapy including infection/phlebitis, dislodgement/migration/incorrect placement, skin erosion/hematomas/scar tissue formation over port/infiltration/extravasation, and pneumothorax/hemothorax/air emboli/ hydrothorax. Finally, it discusses acid-base balance and how it is maintained through the chemical buffer system, kidneys, and lungs.

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    Hesi Med Surg Study Guide

    Uploaded by

    George
    66 views1 page
    This document provides an overview of key concepts related to intravenous therapy and acid-base balance. It discusses hypertonic IV solutions which are used to treat intravascular dehydration with interstitial or cellular overhydration. It also covers potential complications of IV therapy including infection/phlebitis, dislodgement/migration/incorrect placement, skin erosion/hematomas/scar tissue formation over port/infiltration/extravasation, and pneumothorax/hemothorax/air emboli/ hydrothorax. Finally, it discusses acid-base balance and how it is maintained through the chemical buffer system, kidneys, and lungs.

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    Nursing

    Original Title

    HESI MED SURG-11

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    This document provides an overview of key concepts related to intravenous therapy and acid-base balance. It discusses hypertonic IV solutions which are used to treat intravascular dehydration with interstitial or cellular overhydration. It also covers potential complications of IV therapy including infection/phlebitis, dislodgement/migration/incorrect placement, skin erosion/hematomas/scar tissue formation over port/infiltration/extravasation, and pneumothorax/hemothorax/air emboli/ hydrothorax. Finally, it discusses acid-base balance and how it is maintained through the chemical buffer system, kidneys, and lungs.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    66 views1 page

    Hesi Med Surg Study Guide

    Uploaded by

    George
    This document provides an overview of key concepts related to intravenous therapy and acid-base balance. It discusses hypertonic IV solutions which are used to treat intravascular dehydration with interstitial or cellular overhydration. It also covers potential complications of IV therapy including infection/phlebitis, dislodgement/migration/incorrect placement, skin erosion/hematomas/scar tissue formation over port/infiltration/extravasation, and pneumothorax/hemothorax/air emboli/ hydrothorax. Finally, it discusses acid-base balance and how it is maintained through the chemical buffer system, kidneys, and lungs.

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    of 1

    HESI MED SURG STUDY GUIDE

    Hypertonic IV solutions - Have osmolality higher than ECF; indicated for intravascular dehydration with
    interstitial or cellular overhydration; used with extreme caution; high concentrations of dextrose are
    given; used only when serum osmolality is dangerously low; 5% dextrose in LR, 5% dextrose in 0.45%
    NS, 5% dextrose in 0.9% NS; dehydration resulting from surgery because blood loss causes intravascular
    dehydration but the tissue cuts inflame and pull fluid into the area, causes interstitial overhydration; may
    also see in ascites and third spacing

    Infection/phlebitis - Assess:: site for redness, drainage, edema, or tenderness; vital signs; lab findings

    Infection/phlebitis interventions - Aseptic technique when starting IV lines; inspect all fluids and
    containers before use to be sure they have not been opened or contaminated; change administration sets
    according to policy; use a catheter that is smaller than the vein

    Dislodgement/migration/incorrect placement - Assess:: Length of catheter; edema, drainage, and coiling


    of catheter, neck distension or distended neck veins, change in patency of catheter, chest radiograph,
    cardiac dysrhythmias, hypotension

    Dislodgement/migration/incorrect placement interventions - Provide enough tubing length for client


    movement; anchor the catheter well; measure and record length of catheter

    Skin erosion/hematomas/scar tissue formation over port/infiltration/extravasation - Assess:: loss of tissue


    or separation at exit site; drainage at exit site; erythema and edema at exit site; spongy feeling at exit site;
    labored breathing; complaints of pain

    Skin erosion/hematomas/scar tissue formation over port/infiltration/extravasation interventions - Dilute


    medications; administer vesicant drugs; change IV within the timeframe outlined; provide gentle skin
    care; avoid selecting site over joint; anchor the catheter well

    Pneumothorax/hemothorax/air emboli/ hydrothorax - Assess:: SUBCU emphysema, chest pain,dyspnea


    and hypoxia, tachycardia, hypotension, nausea, confusion

    Pneumothorax/hemothorax/air emboli/ hydrothorax interventions - Use clot filters when infusing blood
    and blood products; avoid using veins in the lower extremities; prevent fluid containers from becoming
    empty

    Acid-base balance - Must be maintained in the body because alterations can result in alkalosis or acidosis

    Maintaining acid-base balance - Involves three systems: a chemical buffer system, kidneys, lungs

    Acid-base balance - Determined by hydrogen ion concentration in body fluids

    Normal pH range - 7.35-7.45

    Normal PCO2 range - 35-45

    Normal HCO3 range - 22-26

    Lungs - Control CO2 through respirations; release excess CO2 by increasing RR; retain CO2 by
    decreasing RR

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