QUARTER 3 WEEK 1-5

HEALTH - 10

Republic of the Philippines

Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao
Ministry of Basic, Higher and Technical Education
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF COTABATO CITY
COTABATO CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL-ROJAS
Cotabato City
NAME:_________________________ GRADE & SECTION:____________ DATE:__________

LESSON: Health Trends, Issues, and Concerns (Global level)

Most Essential Learning Competencies:

 Discusses the significance of global health initiatives. H10HC-IIIa-1

 Describes how global health initiatives positively impact people’s health in
various countries. H10HC-IIIb-c-2
 Analyzes the issues in the implementation of global health initiatives.
H10HC-IIIb-c-3
 Recommends ways of adopting global health initiatives to local or national
context. H10HC-IIId-e-4

Reference: Physical Education and Health – Grade 10 Learner’s Material First

Edition 2015, pages 257-281

Authors: Lualhati F. Callo, Mark Kenneth S. Camiling, Johannsen C. Yap,

Janeth P. Cagulang, Jose C. Doria, Encarnita Deveraturda, Jo-Ann G.
Grecia

I. Introduction

For its central role in global affairs,

health issues are among the priority
concerns of the United Nations. It thus
designated the World Health
Organization to serve as the lead
agency tasked to direct and coordinate
with all member nations regarding
leadership, supervision, technical
support and education on matters
about health, which affects many
countries—including the Philippines.

In the 21st century, public health protection is viewed both as a

shared duty and obligation. Thus, people need to understand global issues,
concerns and trends that include fair access to essential healthcare and
protection against multinational threats which directly or indirectly affect
the health and lives of billions of people worldwide.

This module aims to help you learn about different global health
issues and the initiatives made to help address these problems. Readings
and activities are provided to improve your understanding of health
concerns and how these are treated or implemented around the world and
locally. At the end of each lesson, a transfer activity will help evaluate your
understanding of the different topics. You will also be assessed prior to
answering the different activities and again at the end of the lesson to check
for knowledge, understanding, attitudes and skills learned. Are you ready to
learn? Then go through each lesson to become health-oriented and globally
adept.
III. PRE-TEST No. of Session: 1

The result of the pre-test will check your current knowledge,

understanding and skills about global health trends, issues
and concerns.

A. Word Hunt
Use pencil/ballpoint pen and write the answers in your activity sheet or notebook.

Procedure:
1. Look for 10 global health issues and concerns that the World Health Organization
and member-nations are facing.
2. Discuss the implications of the different global health issues and concerns to people
across nations.

M A L A R I A I D E N T
W A T E R S A F E T Y R
A Q S E S A E S I D N E
H T L A E H ‘S N E M O W
M E N T A L H E A L T H
Z X C N M K I L O P O E
A S D P A O V T R D N U
E N V I R O N M E N T G
E R D N O I T I R T U N
E S T Y R R W E T Y B E
S T O W T O B A C C O D

Answer these questions:

1. What are the current health issues and concerns in your community? Share and
discuss these health initiatives.
2. What will the world be like if health issues and concerns are not properly addressed
by peoples around the world?
3. If you are a health worker in your community, what health issues and concerns do
you think should be addressed immediately? Why?

B. Self-Check

Read these statements about global health and choose the best answer by writing
the letter in the activity sheet/notebook.
1. Which of these international organizations is the chief body responsible for
providing leadership on global health, setting norms and standards and
providing health support to countries around the world?
 a. International Committee of the Red Cross
b. United Nations Health and Life Insurance
c. World Bank
d. World Health Organization

2. Which area recorded the highest death rate among children aged 5 years and
below?
a. Africa
b. East Asia and Pacific
c. Latin America
d. South Asia

3. Which disease is the leading cause of death among people who live in
developing countries?
a. heart diseases
b. HIV/AIDS
c. malaria
d. respiratory diseases

4. In what region did new HIV infections occur among individuals living in low-
and middle-income countries?
a. East Asia
b. Sub-Saharan Africa
c. South Asia
d. Pacific Region

5. Which life-style disease is the top leading cause of death worldwide?

a. diabetes
b. heart disease
c. hypertension
d. stroke

Global Health and the Millennium Development Goals

The term “global health” rose in

popularity along with the rise of globalization.
Both terms improved public awareness of
vulnerabilities and shared responsibilities
among people for the different injustices in the
world.
Ilona Kickbush (2006), director of the
Global Health Program at the Graduate Institute
of International and Development Studies in
Geneva, Switzerland states that global health
pertains to various health issues, concerns, and
trends which go beyond national boundaries
and call for global initiatives for the protection
and promotion of peoples’ health across the
world.

Koplan and Associates (2009) states that global health is an area for study,
research and practice that prioritizes health improvement and achieving
impartiality in healthcare and wellness worldwide. Beaglehole and Bonita (2010)
gave a short but meaningful definition of global health: cooperative research and
action of international communities to promote health for all.

Millennium Development Goals

The United Nations Millennium Development Goals are eight targets
that all 191 UN Member States have agreed to achieve by 2015.
The United Nations Millennium Declaration, signed in September
2000 commits world leaders to fight discrimination against women and
children, disease, hunger, poverty, illiteracy, and environmental
degradation. All of these goals cannot be attained without addressing each
and everyone. All of them influence, affect and depend on better global
health programs and policies.

1 Developing countries particularly in Africa and Asia

suffer from extreme poverty and hunger. Poverty and
hunger leads to severe malnutrition which leads to
lifelong physical and cognitive (learning and reasoning)
damage and affects health, well-being and the economy.
Some key suggestions to eradicate poverty and hunger
are:

o Education
o Promoting gender equality
o Producing more jobs
o Investing more in agriculture
o Strengthened nutrition programs for children and infants
o Support and protection of developing and vulnerable countries during crises

2 Persons, particularly women who are educated, are

more likely to seek medical care especially during
pregnancy, ensuring proper nutrition for their family,
adopting healthy sanitary practices and ensuring
immunization of children. As an effect, infants and
children have better survival rates, are healthier and
better nourished. If these are attained, children who
receive primary education are more likely to:

o Marry and have their own families at a later stage in life

o Practice family planning and have fewer children
o Know rights, responsibilities and civic obligations
o Seek employment and sustain personal and family needs
o Have decreased risk of getting sexually transmitted infections like HIV/AIDS
o Support and protection of developing and vulnerable countries during crises
 3 Gender equality means equal representation of men and
women. It implies that all gender should have equal value and
treatment. Equal gender treatment empowers women and other
groups creating opportunities in education, work, finances, and
other aspects which improves the economy and lessen effects of
financial crises. Gender equality can be achieved through:

o Early childhood development intervention

o Promotion of women’s political rights and involvement
o Improved reproductive health programs and policies
o Education and integrating gender equality in school curriculum
o Improved women’s access to work and strengthened labor policies for
women
o Support and protection of developing and vulnerable countries during
crises

4 Programs and policies which help reduce child mortality

like improving nutritional intake, healthcare facilities and
infrastructure, and other fields which improve children’s lives.
Strengthening local and national health programs and policies
is one way to reduce child mortality. This includes:

o Immunization programs
o Assuring the survival and better health of mothers
o Improving reproductive health programs and policies
o Better nutrition program for infants, children and mothers

5 Improved maternal health is not only about mother’s

health but also involves the health and wellness of the
family. Maternal health also helps eradicate other
problems like poverty, gender inequality, decreased
workforce, lower birth deaths, and disability of women.
Some ways to improve maternal health include:

o Improved and proper nutrition of mothers

o Teaching the benefits of birth spacing and small family size
o Educating young boys and girls about the importance of maternal
health
o Better and improved access to hospital care especially obstetric-
gynecology, prenatal and postnatal care

6 Emerging and re-emerging diseases like HIV/AIDS, malaria,

influenza and other diseases affect productivity and growth of
nations. Some of the effects of disease outbreak are loss of jobs,
shortage in professional workers, and creating social crises.
Children are the most vulnerable and are exposed to exploitation
and abuse undermining their normal growth and development.
Some ways to combat diseases include effective prevention,
treatment and care like:
 o Improved housing conditions
o Increased access to anti-malarial medicines
o Promoting safer sex behavior and preventive education for all
o Promoting Tuberculosis (TB) screening of HIV/AIDS persons and
o TB - Directly Observed Treatment Short (TB-DOTS) Course therapy
o Promoting the use of insecticide-treated nets to fight mosquito-borne
diseases

7 Investing and supporting sustainable energy like solar, wind

and water energy help support jobs, create business
opportunities, and save remaining non-renewable energy sources.
Environmental sustainability assures peoples to live healthier and
enjoy a clean and green environment. Some of the benefits of a
sustainable environment are:

o Cleaner air and environment

o Clean, environment-friendly, and renewable energy
o New and aspiring jobs and business in energy
o Increased access to sanitation

8 The United Nations, World Health Organization, World

Bank and governments work together to make sure there
is fair trade and that heavily indebted countries obtain
relief and funds to combat poverty, malnutrition and funds
for education and social projects. Some benefits of global
partnership are:

o Expanded international trade agreements

o Improved access to affordable medicine
o Reduced poverty through government debt relief grant
o Developed information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure

Activity 1: WHAT IF…?

Predict the global effects if the eight Millennium Development Goals were
achieved or not achieved. Copy the table below in your notebook or activity sheet
and write your predictions in the columns.
What if this goal What if this goal is
Goal No. Millenium Development Goals is achieved? not achieved?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Adapted from: Measuring success: the millennium development goals (mdgs) a high
school unit (grades 9-12). TeachUNICEF. United States Fund and UNICEF. 2008
Activity 3: THE PHILIPPINE SCENARIO

Do you think the Philippines will be able to achieve these eight goals?
Write your personal report in your notebook or activity sheet. List which goals
are highly achievable and which are not. Explain why and share your report in
class.

The Philippine MDG Scenario

Highly Achievable Goals Not Highly Achievable Goals

Global Health Initiatives

One of the benefits of globalization to the world is the development and

improvement of various health initiatives initiated by different nations and
governments to address health issues and concerns. Global health initiatives are
programs set in motion by the United Nations through the World Health
Organization and in partnership with the World Bank which targets specific health
problems including but not limited to emerging and re-emerging diseases, climate
change, environmental sanitation, mental health, tobacco regulation, and alcohol
use.

Activity 3: ISSUES, CONCERNS, AND TRENDS (ICT)

Write in each box the different health issues, concerns and trends
encountered around the world. These issues, concerns and trends may have not
been mentioned in the readings but should also be addressed by international and
national communities. Add more boxes if needed.
 Some of the global health initiatives spearheaded by the World
Health Organization include the following:

The Global Fight against Communicable

Diseases C. Roll Back Malaria.
Roll Back Malaria is a global effort to reduce the number of deaths
from malaria infection through heightened prevention tools, rapid response
to outbreaks, development of new anti-malarial products, and effective
treatment of the infection.
Specific objective:

1. To enable and to increase the capacity of caregivers to recognize

malaria promptly and take early appropriate action;
2. To empower service providers by imparting adequate knowledge, skill
and capacity which enable them to respond to malaria illness appropriately;
3. To create an enabling environment for implementation.

D. Stop TB.
Stop TB is a global effort to prevent further
transmission of tuberculosis or TB around the world.
One of the programs for Stop TB is the implementation of
the TB-DOTS short-course strategy.

Objectives

1. To achieve universal access to high-quality diagnosis and patient-centered

treatment
2. To reduce the suffering and socio-economic burden associated with TB
3. To protect poor and vulnerable populations from TB, TB/HIV and multi
drug-resistant – TB (MDR-TB)
4. To support development of new tools and enable their timely and effective
use.

Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization

The Global Alliance for Vaccines and

Immunization is a global strategy which aims to
strengthen children’s immunization programs
and introduce new generation of licensed
vaccines into use in developing countries across
the globe. These new vaccines which could help
reduce the number of deaths in children aged 5
years old and below includes:
 Hepatitis B vaccine
 Childhood meningitis vaccine
 Yellow fever vaccine
  Influenza vaccine
 Vaccine for pneumonia

F. The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB, and Malaria.

The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB, and Malaria is a funding project rather
than an initiative. Nevertheless it helps in the prevention, reduction, and mitigation
of the negative impacts of the three diseases to humanity which contributes to the
fulfillment of the Millennium Development Goals.

Global Prevention and Control of Tobacco and

Alcohol Use
 WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco
Control.

The WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco

Control (WHO FCTC) is the prime international
treaty negotiated under WHO. The WHO FCTC came
into existence in reaction to the global epidemic of
tobacco use and abuse. It reaffirms the right of
every individual across the world to the highest
standard of health promoting public health and
providing new legal means for global health
cooperation.

The following summarizes the WHO FCTC provisions:

1. Price and tax measures to reduce the demand for tobacco, and
2. Non-price measures to reduce the demand for tobacco, namely:
• Protection from exposure to tobacco smoke;
• Regulation of the contents of tobacco products;
• Regulation of tobacco product disclosures;
• New packaging and labeling of tobacco products;
• Education, communication, training and public awareness;
• Demand reduction measures concerning tobacco
dependence and cessation; and
• Tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship.

Global Strategy to Reduce the Harmful Use of Alcohol.

The Global Strategy to Reduce the Harmful Use of Alcohol recognizes the
close ties between the harmful use of alcohol and the socio-economic development
of a nation. Likewise, this strategy builds and supports other global health
initiatives like the global strategy for the prevention and control of non-
communicable diseases.

Global Strategy for the Prevention and

Control of Non-communicable Diseases.

The Global Strategy for the Prevention and

Control of Non-communicable Diseases is a global
action plan to prevent and control the following non-
communicable diseases: cardiovascular diseases,
chronic respiratory diseases, cancers, and diabetes
and the four shared risk factors: unhealthy eating,
physical inactivity, tobacco use and alcohol use.
Objectives of the Action Plan:

1. To raise the priority accorded to non-communicable disease at global and

national levels and to integrate prevention and control of such diseases
into policies across all governments
2. To establish and strengthen national policies and plans for the prevention
and control of non-communicable diseases
3. To promote interventions to reduce the main shared but preventable risk
factors for non-communicable diseases: unhealthy eating, physical
inactivity, tobacco use, and harmful use of alcohol
4. To promote research for the prevention and control of non-communicable
diseases
5. To promote partnerships for the prevention and control of non
-communicable diseases
6. To monitor non-communicable diseases and their causal factors and
evaluate progress at the local, national and global levels

Global Initiative for Mental Health

• Comprehensive Mental Health Action Plan 2013-2020
The “Comprehensive Mental Health Action Plan 2013-2020” is the result of
extensive research and consultations by stakeholders, member-nations, academic
and non-government centers across the globe. The mental health action plan
should be impartial, life-based, and preventive in nature. It basically addresses the
following:
 To fight and alleviate negative trends in mental health,
 To improve and make mental health services and care accessible, and
 To prevent abuse of rights and unjust treatment against people with mental
problems, disorders, and disabilities which are still prevalent around the world.

Activity 4: PRESENT AND FUTURE

Think of the present status of these global health issues and concerns. Write these in
the Present column. Predict what will happen if these global health issues and concerns are
properly addressed by different nations. Write these in the Future column.

Present Global Health Issues and Concerns Future

Communicable Diseases

Tobacco and Alcohol Use

Mental Health

Activity 5: HEALTH INITIATIVES OF OUR NEIGHBORS

 1. Conduct individual research on the positive impact of health
initiatives to different regions around the world.
2. Mention 3-5 countries in the region and some of their national health
initiatives.
3. List down these initiatives in the table. Write your answers in your notebook.

Region Country and Its National Health Initiatives

Southeast Asia Example: Philippines – TB-DOTS, Yosi-Kadiri
South and East Asia

Middle East & Central

Asia

Europe
North America

South America
Africa
Pacific Islands & Australia

Activity 6: THE HOLD BACK

Now that you know some of the health initiatives in the Philippines, what
do you think are some of the local and national factors, influences and beliefs in
the Philippines which derail the fast and full implementation of these global
health initiatives?
List the factors, influences and beliefs which impede the
implementation of health initiatives at the local and national level. Beside
the answers, write how these hindering factors can be managed.

LOCAL REASONS NATIONAL REASONS

The United Nations Development Program’s Quick Wins

The United Nations Development Program (UNDP) works with

different nations and organizations to withstand crises, empower lives and
improve the quality of life for all. One of the UNDP’s intervention programs
to achieve the eight millennium development goals is called Quick Wins.
Quick Wins are actions that can be immediately used within the community
or locale to produce effective results. If applied continuously, Quick Wins
could change people’s views, and beliefs and trigger actions which could
lead to helping millions of lives and countries find their right path towards
the goals. Below are some examples of UNDP’s Quick Wins:
 No school fees and free access to educational materials and facilities in
schools to ensure that all children attend classes. This eliminates poor
families’ concept that education is only for those who can afford it. Finances
can include donor assistance from partnerships with private groups.

 Children are provided with free school meals and take-home rations using
locally produced food.

 Regular annual deworming for all school children especially in

impoverished areas to improve health and education.

 Provision for poor farmers of affordable supplies of soil nitrogen and other
soil nutrients.

 Design community nutrition programs for pregnant, nursing mothers and

children below five years of age. These includes breastfeeding, feeding
programs and micronutrient supplements like vitamin A and zinc.

 Offer basic skills training of community members in health, farming,

technical-vocational, and infrastructure.

 Free basic health services sponsored by private organizations.

 Expanded access to sexual and reproductive health information and

services. These includes family planning information campaign and
services.

 Distribution of free, effective and efficient insecticide-treated bed nets to

families especially in malaria and dengue-endemic areas.

 Active national and local campaigns to reduce violence against women and
children.

 Reform and enforce legislation protecting and empowering women’s and

children’s rights.

 Empowering women to play an important role in formulating and monitoring

poverty reduction strategies, programs and policies.

 Allowing government-owned hospitals, health centers, schools and other

social service institutions free access to electricity, water, sanitation and
internet using sustainable and renewable energies like solar panels, wind
and geothermal generators.

 Plant endemic trees at the community level to provide shade, produce,

watershed protection, windbreak and timber.
 Adapted from: Measuring success: the millennium development goals (mdgs) a
high school unit (grades 9-12). TeachUNICEF. United States Fund and UNICEF.
2008

Activity 6: SPEEDY SOLUTIONS

Imagine yourself as a member of a local organization that wants to sponsor

one of the LINDP type projects given above to help achieve the millennium
development goals. Follow the procedures below:
1. Pick a project above. Choose a creative title for the project.
2. Determine with the group which Millennium Development Goal(S) does the
project target.
3. Come up with a slogan that captures the energy and importance of the
chosen project.
4. Follow the format below.

Project Title:
Project Statement
(Based on the sample
Target MDG Slogan
UNDP Quick Wins)

Prepared by:

DATU HASAAD S. SINSUAT