POWER ELECTRONICS

Devices, Circuits, and Applications

FOURTH EDITION

CHAPTER
CHAPTER 5
DC–DC Converters

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Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
Course Overview:

Power Electronics I – EENG410

Ch.1 – Introduction General Overview
Ch.2 – Power Diodes
Ch.4 – Power Transistors Semi Conductor Devices
Ch.9 – Thyristors

Ch.3 – Diodes Rectifiers

AC-DC Conversion
Ch.10 – Controlled Rectifiers

Power Electronics II – EENG565

Ch.5 – DC-DC Converters DC-DC Conversion
Ch.6 – Power Inverters
DC-AC Conversion
Ch.7 – Resonant Inverters

Ch.11 – AC Voltage Controllers AC-AC Conversion

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Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
Chapter 5:
Table of Content:

5.2 Performance Parameters

5.3 Step Down Converter with a Resistive Load
5.4 Step Down Converter with an Inductive Load

Materials for Week 1:

End of period for questions on this topic: Week 4

Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
 Symbols and Their Meanings

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Section 5.2
INTRODUCTION
Figure 5.1 Input and output relationship of a dc–dc converter.

Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
INTRODUCTION
Equation 5.2 DC–DC Converters

• The dc output power is

where Va and Ia are the average load
voltage and load current.

• The ac output power is

where Vo and Io are the rms load voltage
and load current.

Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
INTRODUCTION
Equations 5.3 and 5.4 DC–DC Converters

• The efficiency / rectification ratio (not the

power efficiency) is

• The rms ripple content of the output

voltage is

Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
INTRODUCTION
Equation 5.5 DC–DC Converters

• The rms ripple content of the input current

is

where Ii and Is are the rms and average

values of the dc supply current.

Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
INTRODUCTION
Equations 5.6 and 5.7 DC–DC Converters

• The ripple factor of the output voltage is

• The ripple factor of the input current is

Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
Section 5.3
STEP DOWN CONVERTER BASICS
Figure 5.2 Step-down converter with resistive load.

• The average output voltage is given by

• The rms value of output voltage is found from

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Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
 STEP DOWN CONVERTER BASICS
Equation 5.11 Step-Down Operation

• The effective input resistance seen by the source is

Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
STEP DOWN CONVERTER BASICS

Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
STEP DOWN CONVERTER BASICS

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Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
Section 5.3.1
STEP DOWN CONVERTER BASICS
Figure 5.3 Comparing a reference signal with a carrier signal.

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Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
STEP DOWN CONVERTER BASICS
Figure 5.3 Comparing a reference signal with a carrier signal.

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STEP DOWN CONVERTER BASICS
Equations 5.17 and 5.18 Duty Cycle

• The reference signal νr is given by

• which gives the duty cycle k as

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Section 5.4
STEP DOWN CONVERTER WITH RL LOAD
Figure 5.4 Dc converter with RL loads.

- 2 Modes (Switch On / OFF)

- Constant time Ƭ = L/R > T (Switching period) => Continuous currentdes

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 STEP DOWN CONVERTER WITH RL LOAD
Equations 5.19 and 5.21 Step-Down Converter with RL Load

• Initial current i1(t = 0) = I1 gives the load current as

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Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
 STEP DOWN CONVERTER WITH RL LOAD
Equations 5.19 and 5.21 Step-Down Converter with RL Load

• With initial current i2(t = 0) = I2 and redefining the

time origin (i.e., t = 0) at the beginning of mode 2,
we have

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STEP DOWN CONVERTER WITH RL LOAD
Figure 5.5 Equivalent circuits and waveforms for RL loads.

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Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
STEP DOWN CONVERTER WITH RL LOAD
Equations 5.25 and 5.26 Waveforms for RL Loads

• Boundary conditions:

• Solving for I1 and I2 we get

• where z = TR/L is the ratio of the chopping or switching

period to the load time constant.

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STEP DOWN CONVERTER WITH RL LOAD
Equations 5.27 and 5.29 Waveforms for RL Loads

• The peak-to-peak ripple current, after simplifications,

becomes

• The maximum peak-to-peak ripple current (at k = 0. 5) is

Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
Side Demonstration

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Side Demonstration

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Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
Side Demonstration

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STEP DOWN CONVERTER WITH RL LOAD
Equation 5.31 Case of discontinuous current

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STEP DOWN CONVERTER WITH RL LOAD
Equation 5.31 Case of discontinuous current

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STEP DOWN CONVERTER WITH RL LOAD
Figure 5.6 SPICE plots of load, input, and diode currents for Example 5.2.

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STEP DOWN CONVERTER WITH RL LOAD
Figure 5.6 SPICE plots of load, input, and diode currents for Example 5.2.

Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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STEP DOWN CONVERTER WITH RL LOAD
Equation 5.33 SPICE plots

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Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
STEP DOWN CONVERTER WITH RL LOAD
Equation 5.33 SPICE plots

Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.