DESIGN OF SQUARE FOOTING: CASE 1(Without Considering the

Overburden Soil)

PROBLEM 1:
Design a square footing for a square column having a side of 650
mm carrying a service dead load of 900 kN and a service live load of
1200 kN. The allowable bearing capacity of the soil is 245 kPa, f’c =
28 MPa and fy = 414 MPa. Assume unit weight of footing to be 10% of
the total load. Use 28 mm diameter bar.

Data Given: c = 650 mm fy = 414 MPa 𝜙𝑀 = 0.90

DL = 900 kN %wf = 10%
LL = 1200 kN db = 28 mm

Qa = 245 kPa 𝜙𝑉 = 0.75

f’c = 28 MPa 𝐶𝐶 = 75 mm

Solution: Using 2010 NSCP

Wf = %(DL + LL)= 0.10(900 + 1200)= 210 kN

Pn = DL + LL + Wf = 900 + 1200 + 210 = 2310 kN

Pn 2310 kN
Required Area = = kN = 9.429 m2 say 9.5 𝐦𝟐
qa 245
m2

Footing Dimension:
 Length of footing = √A = √9.5 = 3.08 m say 3.1 m

Actual Area = L2 = (3.1m)2 = 9.61 𝐦𝟐

Pu = 1.2DL+1.6LL = 1.2(900) + 1.6(1200) = 3000 kN

Pu 3000 kN
Actual qu = = = 315.79 kPa
A 9.5 m2

(Pu )(qa) (3000 kN)(245 kPa)

Allowable,qu = =
Pn 2310 kN

qu = 318.18 kPa/0.31818 MPa

Allowable qu > Actual qu (therefore, safe)

CHECK FOR WIDE BEAM SHEAR

Computing “d” for Beam Shear:

1 1
VC = √f′c = √28 = 0.882 MPa
6 6
Vu quLx L−c
Vn = = ; x= −d
ϕbd ϕbd 2

3100−650
(0.31579 )(3100)( −d)
2
Vn =
(0.75)(3100)(d)

Equate VC & Vn :
3100−650
(0.31579 )(3100)( −d)
2
VC = Vn ; 0.882 MPa =
(0.75)(3100)(d)

By calculation: d = 395.83 mm say 396 mm

CHECK FOR PUNCHING SHEAR DEPTH

Computing “d” for Punching Shear:

Allowable Punching shear:

1 1
Allowable VCp = √f′c = √28 = 1.764 MPa
3 3
 2 √f′c 3100
Actual VCp =(1 + )( ) ; βc = = 1
βc 6 3100

2 √28
VCp = (1 + ) ( ) = 2.646 MPa
1 6

Actual 𝐕𝐂𝐩 > Allowable 𝐕𝐂𝐩 (Use Allowable 𝐕𝐂𝐩)

Actual Punching Shear:

Equate Allowable VCp & Vnp :

Vup
Vnp = ; Vup = qu [L2 − (c + d)2 ] ; bo = 4(c+d)
ϕbo d

(0.31579)[31002 −(650+d)2 ]
Allowable VCp = Vnp ; 2.646 MPa =
(0.75)(650+d)(4d)

By calculation: d = 344.75 mm say 345 mm

Total depth (D):

D = [bigger value of d + CC ] + 1.5 db

D = (345 + 75) + (1.5)(28) = 462 mm

Solve for Actual Ultimate Moment:

L−c 3100−650
Lm = = = 1225 mm
2 2

quL(Lm)2 (315.79 kPa)(3.1 m)(1.225 m)2

MU = =
2 2

𝐌𝐔 = 734.52 kN-m

Solve for steel ratio (ρ)to be used:

MU = ϕf’c bd2 ω (1-0.59 ω)

734.52 x 106 = (0.90)(28)(3100)(345)2 ω (1-0.59 ω)

𝛚 = 0.0831

ρfy ρ(414)
ω = ; 0.0831 = ; ρ = 0.00562
f′c 28

1.4 1.4
ρmin = = = 0.00382
fy 414

𝛒𝐦𝐢𝐧 > 𝛒 (therefore, use 𝛒𝐦𝐢𝐧 )

Compute for the Steel Area:

AS = ρmin bd = (0.00382)(3100)(345) = 4085.49 𝐦𝐦𝟐

Solve for number of 25mm bars needed:

AS 𝟒𝟎𝟖𝟓.𝟒𝟗 mm2
N = = π = 6.63 say 7 pcs
Ab (28)2
4

Solve for the Development Length:

3fyαβγ
Ldreq = (db) ; α = 1 ; β = 1; γ = 1 (unless specified)
5 √f′c

3(414)(1)(1)(1)
Ldreq = (28) = 1314.41 mm
5 √28

Ldfurnished = Lm - CC = 1225 - 75 = 1150 mm

𝐋𝐝𝐫𝐞𝐪 < 𝐋𝐝𝐟𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐢𝐬𝐡𝐞𝐝 (hook at bar end is not required)

Check for Bearing Stress, Fb

𝐴
√𝐴2 must be less than 2, otherwise use 2
1

where: 𝐴1 = column area ; 𝐴2 = footing area

𝐴 31002
√𝐴2 = √ 6502 = 4.77 > 2 (Use 2)
1

𝐴2
Fb = 𝜙0.85f’c 𝐴1 √ = (0.75)(0.85)(28)(650)2 (2)
𝐴1

Fb = 15,083.25 kN

Compare Fb & Pu to determine required number of dowels:

Fb > Pu (OK, no dowels needed)

Minimum Area of Reinforcement across the interface of column and

footing:

Asmin = 0.005A1 = 0.005(650)2

Asmin = 2112.5 mm2 (at least 4 bars)

SUMMARY OF ANSWERS:
Use 3.1 m x 3.1 m square footing with an effective depth of 345 mm and
a total depth of 462 mm. Use 7-28 mm ∅ bars both ways spaced equally
and has at least 4-28 mm column bars that must be extended into the
footing.

Time started: 5:25 PM Consumed Time:36 min.

Time ended: 5:56 PM

PROBLEM 2:

Design a square footing for a square column having a side of 645

mm carrying a service dead load of 800 kN and a service live load of
600 kN. The allowable bearing capacity of the soil is 250 kPa, f’c =
21 MPa and fy = 250 MPa. Assume unit weight of footing to be 8% of the
total load. Use 25 mm diameter bar.

Data Given: c = 645 mm fy = 250 MPa 𝜙𝑀 = 0.90

DL = 800 kN %wf = 8%
LL = 600 kN db = 25 mm

Qa = 250 kPa 𝜙𝑉 = 0.75

f’c = 21 MPa 𝐶𝐶 = 75 mm

Solution: Using 2010 NSCP

 Wf = %(DL + LL)= 0.08(800 + 600)= 112 kN

𝑃𝑛 = DL + LL + Wf = 800 + 600 + 112 = 1512 kN

Pn 𝟏𝟓𝟏𝟐 kN
Required Area = = kN = 6.048 m2 say 6.1 𝐦𝟐
qa 250
m2

Footing Dimension:

Length of footing = √A = √6.1 = 2.47 m say 2.5 m

Actual Area = L2 = (2.5 m)2 = 6.25 𝐦𝟐

Pu = 1.2DL + 1.6LL = 1.2(800) + 1.6(600) = 1920 kN

Pu 1920 kN
Actual qu = = = 307.2 kPa or 0.3072 MPa
A 6.25 m2

(Pu )(qa) (1920 kN)(250 kPa)

Allowable,qu = =
Pn 1512 kN

qu = 317.46 kPa/0.31746 MPa

Allowable qu > Actual qu (therefore, safe)

CHECK FOR WIDE BEAM SHEAR

Computing “d” for Beam Shear:
1 1
VC = √f′c = √21 = 0.764 MPa
6 6

Vu quLx L−c
Vn = = ; x= −d
ϕbd ϕbd 2

2500−645
(0.3072 )(2500)( −d)
2
Vn =
(0.75)(2500)(d)
Equate VC & Vn :
2500−645
(0.3072 )(2500)( −d)
2
VC = Vn ; 0.764 MPa =
(0.75)(2500)(d)

By calculation: d = 323.71 mm say 325 mm

CHECK FOR PUNCHING SHEAR DEPTH

Computing “d” for Punching Shear:

Allowable Punching shear:

1 1
Allowable VCp = √f′c = √21 = 1.528 MPa
3 3

2 √f′c 2500
Actual VCp =(1 + )( ) ; βc = = 1
βc 6 2500

2 √21
VCp = (1 + ) ( ) = 2.291 MPa
1 6

Actual 𝐕𝐂𝐩 > Allowable 𝐕𝐂𝐩 (Use Allowable 𝐕𝐂𝐩)

Actual Punching Shear:

Equate Allowable VCp & Vnp :

Vup
Vnp = ; Vup = qu [L2 − (c + d)2 ] ; bo = 4(c+d)
ϕbo d

(0.3072)[25002 −(645+d)2 ]
Allowable VCp = Vnp ; 1.528 MPa =
(0.75)(645+d)(4d)

By calculation: d = 352.87 mm say 355 mm

Total depth (D):

D = [bigger value of d + CC ] + 1.5 db

D = (355 + 75) + (1.5)(21) = 467.5 mm

Solve for Actual Ultimate Moment:

L−c 2500−645
Lm = = = 927.5 mm
2 2

quL(Lm)2 (307.2 kPa)(2.7 m)(0.9275 m)2

MU = =
2 2

𝐌𝐔 = 330.34 kN-m
Solve for steel ratio (ρ)to be used:

MU = ϕf’c bd2 ω (1-0.59 ω)

330.34 x 106 = (0.90)(21)(2500)(355)2 ω (1-0.59 ω)

𝛚 = 0.05742

ρfy ρ(250)
ω = ; 0.05742 = ; ρ = 0.00482
f′c 21

1.4 1.4
ρmin = = = 0.0056
fy 250

𝛒𝐦𝐢𝐧 > 𝛒 (therefore, use 𝛒𝐦𝐢𝐧 )

Compute for the Steel Area:

AS = ρmin bd = (0.0056)(2500)(355) = 4970 𝐦𝐦𝟐

Solve for number of 25mm bars needed:

AS 𝟒𝟗𝟕𝟎 mm2
N = = π = 10.12 say 11 pcs
Ab (25)2
4

Solve for the Development Length:

3fyαβγ
Ldreq = (db) ; α = 1 ; β = 1; γ = 1 (unless specified)
5 √f′c

3(250)(1)(1)(1)
Ldreq = (28) = 818.32 mm
5 √21

Ldfurnished = Lm - CC = 927.5 - 75 = 852.5 mm

𝐋𝐝𝐫𝐞𝐪 < 𝐋𝐝𝐟𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐢𝐬𝐡𝐞𝐝 (hook at bar end is not required)

Check for Bearing Stress, Fb

𝐴
√𝐴2 must be less than 2, otherwise use 2
1

where: 𝐴1 = column area ; 𝐴2 = footing area

𝐴 25002
√𝐴2 = √ 6452 = 3.876 > 2 (Use 2)
1

𝐴2
Fb = 𝜙0.85f’c 𝐴1 √ = (0.75)(0.85)(21)(645)2 (2)
𝐴1
 Fb = 11,139.07 kN

Compare Fb & Pu to determine required number of dowels:

Fb > Pu (OK, no dowels needed)

Minimum Area of Reinforcement across the interface of column and

footing:

Asmin = 0.005A1 = 0.005(645)2

Asmin = 2080.125 mm2 (at least 4 bars)

SUMMARY OF ANSWERS:
Use 2.5 m x 2.5 m square footing with an effective depth of 355 mm and
a total depth of 467.5 mm. Use 11-25 mm ∅ bars both ways spaced
equally and has at least 4-25 mm column bars that must be extended
into the footing.

Time Started: 7:30 PM Time Consumed: 42 min.

Time Ended: 8:12 PM