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Condition For Parallel Operation of Alternator

The document discusses the conditions that must be satisfied for parallel operation of alternators (synchronous generators). There are four main conditions: 1) the phase sequence of voltages must be identical, 2) the RMS line voltages must be the same, 3) the phase angles must be equal, and 4) the frequencies must be nearly the same. Departure from these conditions can result in power surges, currents, and unwanted oscillations that damage equipment. Parallel operation provides advantages like increased load capacity, continuity of supply during maintenance, higher efficiency, and reduced costs.

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Syed Ahmed Masood
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174 views

Condition For Parallel Operation of Alternator

The document discusses the conditions that must be satisfied for parallel operation of alternators (synchronous generators). There are four main conditions: 1) the phase sequence of voltages must be identical, 2) the RMS line voltages must be the same, 3) the phase angles must be equal, and 4) the frequencies must be nearly the same. Departure from these conditions can result in power surges, currents, and unwanted oscillations that damage equipment. Parallel operation provides advantages like increased load capacity, continuity of supply during maintenance, higher efficiency, and reduced costs.

Uploaded by

Syed Ahmed Masood
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Note: Not given to students earlier because they might

get confuse with grid system

Condition for Parallel Operation of Alternator (synchronous generator)


There are some conditions to be satisfied for parallel operation of the alternator
(synchronous generator)
Before entering into that, we should understand some terms which are as
follows.
 The process of connecting two alternators or an alternator and an infinite bus
bar system in parallel is known as synchronizing.
 Running machine is the machine which carries the load.
 Incoming machine is the alternator or machine which has to be connected in
parallel with the system.

The conditions to be satisfied are


1. The phase sequence of the incoming machine voltage and the bus bar
voltage should be identical.
2. The RMS line voltage (terminal voltage) of the bus bar or already running
machine and the incoming machine should be the same.
3. The phase angle of the two systems should be equal.
4. The frequency of the two terminal voltages (incoming machine and the bus
bar) should be nearly the same. Large power transients will occur when
frequencies are not nearly equal.
Departure from the above conditions will result in the formation of power surges
and current. It also results in unwanted electro-mechanical oscillation of rotor
which leads to the damage of equipment.

Advantages of Parallel Operating Alternators


 When there is maintenance or an inspection, one machine can be taken out
from service and the other alternators can keep up for the continuity of supply.
 Load supply can be increased.
 During light loads, more than one alternator can be shut down while the
other will operate in nearly full load.
 High efficiency.
 The operating cost is reduced.
 Ensures the protection of supply and enables cost-effective generation.
 The generation cost is reduced.
 Breaking down of a generator does not cause any interruption in the supply.
 Reliability of the whole power system increases.
Power factor correction calculation question.
1.A synchronous motor improves the power factor of a load of 200kW from 0.8
lagging to 0.9 lagging.
Simultaneously the motor carries a load of 80kW.
Find
 The leading KVAR supplied by the motor
 KVA rating of the motor
 and power factor at which the motor operates
2.A factory consists of the following:
(i) an induction motor of 50HP(37.3kW) with 0.8 pf and efficiency 0.85.
(ii) a synchronous motor of 25HP (18.65kW) with 0.9 pf leading and efficiency
0.9.
Find the annual electrical charge if the tariff is $60 per kVA of maximum demand
per annum plus 5 cents per kWh; assuming the load to be steady for 2000 hours in
a year.
3.A supply system feeds the following loads
(i) a lighting load of 500kW
(ii)a load of 400kW at a pf of 0.707 lagging
(iii) a load of 800kW at a pf of 0.8 leading
(iv) a load of 500kW at a pf of 0.6 lagging
(v) a synchronous motor driving a 540 kW dc generator and having an overall
efficiency of 90%.
Calculate the pf of the synchronous motor so that the station pf may become unity.
4.An industrial load consists of
(i) a synchronous motor of 100 metric h.p.
(ii)induction motor aggregating 200 metric h.p ,0.707 power factor lagging and
82% efficiency and
(iii) lighting load aggregating 30kW
The tariff is $100 per annum per KVA maximum demand plus $0.06 per kWh.
Find the annual saving in cost if the synchronous motor operates at 0.8 pf
leading,93% efficiency instead of 0.8 pf lagging at 93% efficiency.
Note:
1 mechanical horse power = 0.7457kW
1 metric horse power = 0.7355kW

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