ERP IMPLEMENTATION

CASE STUDIES-SUCCESS & FAILURES

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is
business management software—usually a
suite of integrated applications—that a
company can use to store and manage data
from every stage of business, including:

•Product planning, cost and development

•Manufacturing
•Marketing and sales
•Inventory management
•Shipping and payment
 Functions of ERP
• ERP provides an integrated real-time view of core business
processes, using common databases maintained by a database
management system. ERP systems track business resources—
cash, raw materials, production capacity—and the status of
business commitments: orders, purchase orders, and payroll.
• The applications that make up the system share data across the
various departments (manufacturing, purchasing, sales,
accounting, etc.) that entered the data.
• ERP facilitates information flow between all business functions,
and manages connections to outside stakeholders.
ERP Implementation
Success
Company Background
• Cadbury is a British multinational
confectionery company owned by
Mondelēz International.
• It is the second largest confectionery
brand in the world after Wrigley's.
• Founder: John Cadbury
• Founded in: 1824, Birmingham, United
Kingdom

Cadbury over the years.

Currently, Cadbury India
operates in four categories
viz. Chocolate
Confectionery, Milk Food
Drinks, Candy and Gum
category. In the Chocolate
Confectionery
business, Cadbury has
maintained its undisputed
leadership over the years.
Key brands of Cadbury in India.
ERP Implementation
Cadbury turns out, in recent years, Kraft
implemented SAP ERP 6.0 (System Analysis
and Program Development) in what SAP
called one of its largest global ERP
implementations.

Kraft credited ERP with reducing operational

costs.

11,000 employees were sending data to the

company's SAP solution and it was linked to
1,750 applications by 2008.

That same year, Kraft aslo added SAP's master

data management solution, NetWeaver, with
an eye toward integrating legacy systems.
• Cadbury was left with a glut of chocolate products at the start of
the year, after the installation of a new SAP-based enterprise
resource planning (ERP) system led to an excess of chocolate
bars building up at the end of 2005.
• The new U.K. computer system is part of a five-year IT
transformation project, called "Probe", aimed at integrating the
Cadbury Schweppes' supply chain, purchasing, manufacturing,
distribution, sales and marketing systems on a global, SAP-based
ERP platform.
• Cadbury Schweppes is aiming for an ultimate savings from the
Probe project, but its implementation has been far from smooth.
The project was beset by problems and delays when it was first
introduced in Australia in 2002.
Benefits of ERP
Benefits of ERP
• Cadbury was on a fast paced growth and could not continue with the
existing systems and the pace was too slow due to added
inefficiencies. ERP added efficiency and guided the led all the issues
fast paced growth.
• The implementation of ERP brought in a new way of warehouse
management system and brought in structure to branch offices and
the depots.
• While implementing the ERP systems, the company has built it upon
the past strengths of the company thereby not losing out on its
competitive
Benefits of ERP

• The initial implementation took time and then the successive

implementations took lesser time and cost and there is a huge
advantage in saving cost while in the implementation phase itself.
• The reaction from competition does not matter in this because this is
not a change that was advertised to the market. This is an internal
process restructuring and was a welcome change within the company
which badly needed the change.
• The company also has built in a robust regular feedback system to
monitor the changes and check if they go according to the initial plan.
The entire implementation is cross functional and hence it is
important that there is a high increase in the efficiency.
Benefits of ERP

• The ERP vendor was also selected from among the best in class
vendors which helped the process occur in a streamlined fashion and
avoided any possible chances of hiccups during the initial
implementation phase.
• The system has also been deployed up to the vendors. They have a
portal called vendor connect where they can see their inventory
movement and make plans accordingly. Hence the restructuring
happens not only internally but also across to the supplier which will
add on to the benefits that are accrued.
• It was considered at low cost and high result implementation which by
itself highlights the success and the benefits.
ERP Implementation
Failures
Company Background
• Hershey's is the largest chocolate
manufacturer in North America.
• Its headquarters are in Hershey,
Pennsylvania, which is also home
to Hershey's Chocolate World.
• Chocolate Business was started by Mr.
Milton S. Hershey in 1876
• The Hershey Company was established
in 1894
• Hershey's products are sold in about
sixty countries worldwide. Hershey’s cocoa add from 1918
 • Hershey's sales are roughly 80%
chocolate and 20% non-chocolate.
• Hershey’s Competitors include
Mars, Nestle, Russell Stover, Palmer
and Nabisco

Hershey’s Chocolate World at Pennsylvania.

Hershey’s Kisses Advertisement

ERP Implementation
To enhance company’s competitiveness
and Customer Service
• During late1996, the management of Hershey gave its
approval to a project named Enterprise21
• For this Hershey selected SAP's R/3 ERP software,
Manugistics SCM software and Seibel's CRM software
and IBM Global Service so as to manage integration
among these three systems.
• Overall Project Cost was US $10 Million
• The recommended implementation time for the
project was 4 yrs. and Hershey demanded for 2.5 yrs.
• Hershey decided to go with Big Bang Approach
instead of phased approach.
Impact of ERP Failure
Impact of ERP Failure
• Problems pertaining to order fulfillment, processing
and shipping started to arise; Hershey would not be
able to meet its committed date of delivery
• Several of Hershey's distributors who had ordered the
products could not supply them to the retailers in
time, and hence lost their credibility in the market
• Product inventory started to pile up and by the end of
September 2000; the inventories were 25% more than
the inventories during the previous year
Impact of ERP Failure
• After Hershey’s announcement in the market about
problems due to malfunctioning of the newly
installed computer systems, Hershey's stock price
plunged by 8% on a single day.
• Hershey's failure to implement the ERP software on
time cost the company US $150 million in sales. Profits
for the third quarter 1999 dropped by19% and sales
declined by l2%, in its 1999 annual report.
Reasons of Failure
Reasons of Failure

• Over-squeezing implementation schedules

• Big Bang Approach instead of Phased Approach
• Mistake of sacrificing systems testing for the sake of
expediency
• Cutover Activities and Go-Live was scheduled in
Hershey’s busiest business periods.
Learning from Failure
 The First Lesson
An ERP implementation project should not be forced into
an unreasonable timeline. Over-squeezing implementation
schedules is a sure-fire way to overlook critical issues.
Testing phases are safety nets that should never be
compromised.
The Second Lesson
Never schedule cutover during busy seasons. Even in a
best-case implementation scenario, companies should
still expect steep learning curves and operational
performance dips. By timing cutover during slow
business periods, the company gives itself more slack
time to iron out systems kinks. It also gives employees
more time to learn the new business processes and
systems. In many cases, it is even advisable to reduce
orders in and around the cutover period. This tactic is
aimed at minimizing exposure to damages caused by
potentially undetected errors and less-than-perfectly-
trained users.
“There is no doubt that 1999 was a most difficult and
disappointing year for Hershey Foods Corporation.
While the year got off to a slow start due to excessive
retail inventories, we fully expected a strong finish in the
second half of the year. Instead, the implementation of
the final phase of the Corporation's enterprise-wide
information system created problems in the areas of
customers service, warehousing and order fulfillment.
These difficulties were exacerbated by our growth in
recent years which had resulted in shipping capacity
constraints. As a result, Hershey's sales and earnings fell
well short of expectation for the year.”

- Kenneth L Wolfe
(Chairman & CEO, Hershey Foods Corporation, in 1999)
REFERENCES:
• http://www.scribd.com/doc/39650132/ERP-
IMPLEMENTATION-AT-CADBURY%E2%80%99S
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterprise_resource_planning
• http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/E/ERP.html
• http://www.itbusinessedge.com/cm/blogs/lawson/kraft-
cadbury-deal-means-major-erp-integration-work/?cs=38891
• http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/1cb06d30-332f-11e1-a51e-
00144feabdc0.html#axzz2vdMyHJ14
 Submitted by:

Chitrangada Roy – 07
Saumya Saksena – 19
B F Te c h
Semester- VI
2011-2015