Condition Guide Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Condition: Oppositional Defiant Disorder
Description of condition: Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is a behavior disorder in children or

adolescents characterized by disruption, anger, irritability, argumentativeness, defiance, or
vindictiveness[10].
 Etiology:
o Etiology is unknown although a combination of genetics and parenting factors may have
a cumulative effect, such as maternal nicotine use, insecure attachment styles, abuse,
neglect, inconsistent discipline, unresponsive parents, poverty, lack of structure, peer
rejection, and community violence[10].
 Major features/symptoms of the diagnosis:
o For diagnosis, the pattern of defiant behavior must last at least 6 months and cause
disruption to some aspect of occupation. The individual must display at least 4
symptoms of angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behavior, or vindictiveness
with at least one individual other than a sibling [4,5,10]. For children younger than 5 this
should occur on most days for diagnosis, for children or adolescents older than 5 this
should occur at least once a week[4].
o Occurs in ~3% of children and adolescents and is more common in boys than girls until
adolescence when it becomes equally common [4].
 Most common medical assessments and treatments:
o Tools for diagnosis include: NICHQ Vanderbilt Assessment Scale, SNAP-IV Teacher and
Parent Rating Scale for children with ADHD, the Pediatric Symptom Checklist, the Child
Behavior Checklist, and the Conners 3[5,10].
o Individualized treatment plans for the child and their families are the first line of
defense, with parental behavioral therapies for younger children and individual and
group CBT for adolescents. Medications are not usually recommended to treat ODD on
its own but may help treat some comorbid conditions (such as ADHD and depression)
and therefore may improve ODD symptoms[10].
 Precautions or complications:
o Differential Diagnoses include ADHD, conduct disorder, depressive and bipolar
disorders, disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, intellectual disability, intermittent
explosive disorder, language disorder, or social phobia [5,10].
Occupational Therapy considerations
Assessments What assessments might be useful for this diagnosis?
Name of Assessment Construct(s) measured Type of Test Age Range In text APA
Citation
BASC-3 Behavioral and Teacher (TRS), TRS & PRS: Reynolds
Emotional problems Parent (PRS), and 2:0-21:11 and
Self-report (SRP) years Kamphaus
measures SRP: 6:0- (2015)
college age
School Function Three scales of Self-report, teacher 5-12 years Coster

Assessment (SFA) participation, task and/or other Grades K-6 1998
supports and school staff
performance in measures
functional tasks and
activities that affect
academic and social
aspects of school
Sensory Profile 2 (SP2) Sensory processing Self-report, 0-14 years Dunn, 2014
patterns in the context of caregiver measures 11 months
home, school, and
community
Intervention Activities
Occupation-based
Activity In text APA Citation

Visual activity schedule to work on transitions at home and in school Gerber, 2018
Cognitive Orientation to Daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP) Missiuna et al., 2001
approach for problem-solving
Impairment-based
Activity In text APA Citation

Teaching the student how to use The ZONES of Regulation Kuypers, 2011
Instructing in deep-breathing, meditation, or yoga exercises Morin, 2020
Possible equipment needs
 Individuals with ODD likely will not require assistive technology or adaptive equipment to
manage their symptoms, but visual activity schedules and the materials to implement the
ZONES of Regulation may be helpful in managing difficulty with emotions and transitions.
References for more information (and those used in this handout)
1. Coster, W. (1998). School function assessment: SFA [Assessment instrument]. San Antonio, TX:
Psychological Corp.
2. Dunn, W. (2014). Sensory profile 2. [Assessment instrument]. Bloomington, MN: Psychological
Corp.
3. Gerber, H. (2018). Treating oppositional defiant disorder as a school-based OT. Sunbelt.
https://www.sunbeltstaffing.com/blog/treating-oppositional-defiant-disorder-as-a-
school- based-ot/
4. Gonyea, J. S. & Kopeck, V. (2019). Chapter 10: Disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct
disorders. In Brown, C., Stoffel, V. C., & Munoz, J. (Eds.), Occupational therapy in mental
health: A vision for participation (pp. 143-153). FA Davis.
5. Hamilton, S., & Armando, J. (2008). Oppositional defiant disorder. American family
physician, 78(7), 861-866.
6. Kuypers, L. (2011). The zones of regulation. San Jose: Think Social Publishing.
7. Missiuna, C., Mandich, A. D., Polatajko, H. J., & Malloy-Miller, T. (2001). Cognitive orientation to
daily occupational performance (CO-OP) part I-theoretical foundations. Physical &
occupational therapy in pediatrics, 20(2-3), 69-81.
8. Morin, A. (2020). 15 coping strategies for kids: Simple skills can help kids embrace their
emotions. Very Well Family. https://www.verywellfamily.com/coping-skills-for-kids-
4586871
9. Reynolds, C.R. & Kamphaus, R.W. (2015). Behavior Assessment System for Children (3rd ed.)
[Assessment instrument]. Bloomington, MN: Pearson.
10. Riley, M., Ahmed, S., & Locke, A. (2016). Common questions about oppositional defiant
disorder. American family physician, 93(7), 586-591.
Prepared by: Haley Mahr, S/OT

Condition Guide Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Condition Guide Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Condition Guide Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Condition: Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Description of condition: Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is a behavior disorder in children or

Assessments What assessments might be useful for this diagnosis?

School Function Three scales of Self-report, teacher 5-12 years Coster

Activity In text APA Citation

Activity In text APA Citation

Possible equipment needs

Prepared by: Haley Mahr, S/OT

You might also like

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.