Week 2 – Assignment No.

1
Camacho, John Patrick S April 14, 2021
SBIT-2F IPT101 Integrative Programming and Technologies 1
1840s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s
ADA 1843
Lovelace’s
Plankalkül 1944 – 1945
Assembly 1949
Shortcode 1949
Autocode 1949
FORTRAN 1957
ALGOL 1958
LISP 1958
COBOL 1959
BASIC 1964
PASCAL 1970
Smalltalk 1972
C 1972
SQL 1972
Ada 1980 – 1981
C++ 1983
Objective-C 1983
Perl 1987
Haskell 1990
Python 1991
Visual Basic 1991
Ruby 1993
Java 1995
PHP 1995
JavaScript 1995
C# 2000
Scala 2003
Groovy 2003
Go 2009
Swift 2014

ADA Lovelace’s Machine Algorithm ( 1843 ) – Ada Lovelace invents the first-ever machine algorithm for Charles Babbage’s
Difference Machine that lays the foundation for all programming languages.
DEVELOPED – Charles Babbage
Plankalkül ( 1944 – 1945 ) – Somewhere between 1944-45, Konrad Zuse developed the first ‘real’ programming language called
Plankalkül (Plan Calculus). Zeus’s language (among other things) allowed for the creations of procedures, which stored chunks of
code that could be invoked over and over to perform routine operations.
DEVELOPED – Konrad Zuse
Assembly Language ( 1949 ) – Assembly language was used in the Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator (EDSAC).
Assembly language was a type of low-level programming language that simplified the language of machine code. In other words, the
specific instructions necessary to operate a computer.
DEVELOPED – Kathleen Booth
Shortcode ( 1949 ) – Autocode was a general term used for a family of programming languages. First developed by Alick Glennie
for the Mark 1 computer at the University of Manchester, Autocode was the first-ever compiled language to be implemented meaning
that it can be translated directly into machine code using a program called a compiler. Autocode was used on the Ferranti Pegasus
and Sirius early computing machines in addition to the Mark 1.
DEVELOPED – John Mauchly
Autocode ( 1952 ) – Autocode was a general term used for a family of programming languages. First developed by Alick Glennie for
the Mark 1 computer at the University of Manchester, Autocode was the first-ever compiled language to be implemented meaning
that it can be translated directly into machine code using a program called a compiler. Autocode was used on the Ferranti Pegasus
and Sirius early computing machines in addition to the Mark 1.
DEVELOPED –Alick Glennie
FORTRAN ( 1957 ) – FORmula TRANslation or FORTRAN was created by John Backus and is considered to be the oldest
programming language in use today. The programming language was created for high-level scientific, mathematical, and statistical
computations. FORTRAN is still in use today in some of the world’s most advanced supercomputers.
DEVELOPED – John Backus
ALGOL ( Algorithmic Language ) ( 1958 ) – Algorithmic language or ALGOL was created by a joint committee of American and
European computer scientists. ALGOL served as the starting point for the development of some of the most important programming
languages including Pascal, C, C++, and Java.
DEVELOPED – Alan J. Perlis
LISP ( List Processor ) ( 1958 ) – List processor or LISP was invented by John McCarthy at the Massachusetts Institue of
Technology (MIT). Originally purposed for artificial intelligence, LISP is one of the oldest programming languages still in use today
and can be used in the place of Ruby or Python. Companies such as Acceleration, Boeing, and Genworks are still using LISP in their
tech stacks.
DEVELOPED – John McCarthy

COBOL ( Common Business Oriented Language ) ( 1959 ) – Common Business Oriented Language (COBOL), is
the programming language behind many credit card processors, ATMs, telephone and cell calls, hospital signals, and traffic signals
systems (just to name a few). The development of the language was led by Dr. Grace Murray Hopper and was designed so that it
could run on all brands and types of computers. COBOL is still used to this day primarily for banking systems.
DEVELOPED – CODASYL
BASIC ( Beginner’s All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code ) ( 1964 ) – Beginners All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code or
BASIC was developed by a group of students at Dartmouth College. The language was written for students who did not have a strong
understanding of mathematics or computers. The language was developed further by Microsoft founders Bill Gates and Paul Allen
and became the first marketable product of the company.
DEVELOPED – Thomas E. Kurtz & John G. Kemeny
PASCAL ( 1970 ) – Named after the French mathematician Blaise Pascal, Niklaus Wirth developed the programming language in his
honor. It was developed as a learning tool for computer programming which meant it was easy to learn. It was favored by Apple in
the company’s early days, because of its ease of use and power.
DEVELOPED – Niklaus Wirth
Smalltalk ( 1972 ) – Developed at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Centre by Alan Kay, Adele Goldberg, and Dan Ingalls, Smalltalk
allowed for computer programmers to modify code on the fly. It introduced a variety of programming language aspects that are
visible languages of today such as Python, Java, and Ruby. Companies such as Leafly, Logitech, and CrowdStrike state they use
Smalltalk in their tech stacks.
DEVELOPED – Alan Kay
C ( 1972 ) – Developed by Dennis Ritchie at the Bell Telephone Laboratories for use with the Unix operating system. It was called C
because it was based on an earlier language called ‘B’. Many of the current leading languages are derivatives of C including; C#, Java,
JavaScript, Perl, PHP, and Python. It also has been/still being used by huge companies like Google, Facebook, and Apple.
DEVELOPED – Dennis Ritchie
SQL ( Sequel at the time ) ( 1972 ) – SQL was first developed by IBM researchers Raymond Boyce and Donald Chamberlain.
SEQUEL (as it was referred to at the time), is used for viewing and changing information that is stored in databases. Nowadays the
language is an acronym – SQL, which stands for Structured Query Language. There are a plethora of companies that use SQL and
some of them include Microsoft and Accenture.
DEVELOPED – Raymond Boyce
Ada ( 1980 – 1981 ) – Ada was originally designed by a team led by Jean Ichbiah of CUU Honeywell Bull under contract to the
United States Department of Defense. Named after the mid-19th-century mathematician Ada Lovelace, Ada is a structured, statically
typed, imperative, wide-spectrum, and object-oriented high-level programming language. Ada was extended from other popular
programming languages at the time such as Pascal. Ada is used for air-traffic management systems in countries such as Australia,
Belgium, and Germany as well as a host of other transport and space projects.
DEVELOPED – Jean Ichbiah
C++ ( 1983 ) – Bjarne Stroustrup modified the C language at the Bell Labs, C++ is an extension of C with enhancements such as
classes, virtual functions, and templates. It has been listed in the top 10 programming languages since 1986 and received Hall of
Fame status in 2003. C++ is used in MS Office, Adobe Photoshop, game engines, and other high-performance software.
DEVELOPED – Bjarne Stroustrup
Objective-C ( 1983 ) – Developed by Brad Cox and Tom Love, Objective-C is the main programming language used to write
software for macOS and iOS, Apple’s operating systems.
DEVELOPED – Brad Cox
Perl ( 1987 ) – Perl was created by Larry Wall and is a general-purpose, high-level programming language. It was originally designed
as a scripting language designed for text editing but nowadays it’s widely used for many purposes such as CGI, database applications,
system administration, network programming, and graphic programming.
DEVELOPED – Larry Wall
Haskell ( 1990 ) – Haskell is a general-purpose programming language named after the American logician and mathematician
Haskell Brooks Curry. It is a purely functional programming language meaning it’s primarily mathematical. It’s used across multiple
industries particularly those that deal with complicated calculations, records, and number-crunching. Like many other programming
languages from this era, it is not overly common to see Haskell in use for well-known applications. With that said, the programming
language has been used to write a number of games one of which is Nikki and the Robots.
DEVELOPED – Haskell Brooky Curry
Python ( 1991 ) – Named after the British comedy troupe ‘Monty Python’, Python was developed by Guido Van Rossum. It is a
general-purpose, high-level programming language created to support a variety of programming styles and be fun to use (a number of
the tutorials, samples, and instructions often contain Monty Python references). Python is, to this day, one of the most popular
programming languages in the world is used by companies such as Google, yahoo, and Spotify.
DEVELOPED – Guido Van Rossum
Visual Basic ( 1991 ) – Developed by Microsoft, Visual Basic allows programmers to utilize a drag-and-drop style of choosing and
changing pre-selected chunks of code through a graphical user interface (GUI). The language is not overly used these days however
Microsoft has used portions Visual Basic to a number of their applications like Word, Excel, and Access.
DEVELOPED – Microsoft
Ruby ( 1993 ) – Created by Yukihiro Matsumoto, Ruby is an interpreted high-level programming language. A teaching language
which was influenced by Perl, Ada, Lisp, and Smalltalk – among others. Ruby’s primary uses are for web applications development
and Ruby on Rails. Twitter, Hulu, and Groupon are some well-known examples of companies that use Ruby.
DEVELOPED – Yukihiro “Matz” Matsumoto
Java ( 1995 ) – Java is a general-purpose, high-level language created by James Gosling for an interactive TV project. It has cross-
platform functionality and is consistently among the top of the world’s most popular programming languages. Java can be found
everywhere, from computers to smartphones to parking meters.
DEVELOPED – James Gosling
PHP ( 1995 ) – Formerly known as ‘Personal Home Page’ which now stands for ‘Hypertext Preprocessor’, PHP was developed by
Rasmus Lerdorf. Its primary uses include building and maintaining dynamic web pages, as well as server-side development. Some of
the biggest companies from across the globe use PHP including Facebook, Wikipedia, Digg, WordPress, and Joomla.
DEVELOPED – Ramus Lerdorf
JavaScript ( 1995 ) – JavaScript was created by Brendan Eich, this language is primarily used for dynamic web development, PDF
documents, web browsers, and desktop widgets. Almost every major website uses JavaScript. Gmail, Adobe Photoshop, and Mozilla
Firefox include some well-known examples.
DEVELOPED – Brendan Eich
C# ( 2000 ) – Developed at Microsoft with the hope of combining the computing ability of C++ with the simplicity of Visual Basic,
C# is based on C++ and shares many similarities with Java. The language is used in almost all Microsoft products and is seen
primarily in developing desktop applications.
DEVELOPED – Microsoft Corporation
Scala ( 2003 ) – Developed by Martin Odersky, Scala which combines mathematical functional programming and organized object-
oriented programming. Scala’s compatibility with Java makes it helpful with Android development. Linkedin, Twitter, Foursquare,
and Netflix are just a few examples of the many companies that use Scala in their tech stacks.
DEVELOPED – Martin Odersky
Groovy ( 2003 ) – Derived from Java, Groovy was developed by James Strachan and Bob McWhirter. The language improves
productivity because of its succinct and easy to learn. Some well-known companies that are using Groovy in their tech stacks are
Starbucks, Transferwise, and Craftbase.
DEVELOPED – James Strachan
Go ( 2009 ) – Go was developed by Google to address issues that occur due to large software systems. Due to its simple and modern
structure, Go has gained popularity among some of the largest tech companies around the world such as Google, Uber, Twitch, and
Dropbox.
DEVELOPED – Ken Thompson
Swift ( 2014 ) – Developed by Apple as a replacement for C, C++, and Objective-C, Swift was developed with the intention to be
easier than the aforementioned languages and allow less room for error. Swift’s versatility means it can be used for desktop, mobile,
and cloud applications. Leading language app ‘Duolingo’ launched a new app that was written in Swift.
DEVELOPED – Chris Lattner

REFERENCES:
History of programming languages - DevSkiller