INDEX

List of contents Page No.

Chapter 1: Introduction 02
1.1 About the Project 04
1.2 About the Elective 04
1.3 Design Parameter 04
1.4 Codes and Standards 04
1.5 Scope 06
1.6 Design selection criteria 06
Chapter 2: Home Automation Systems and Applications 07
2.1 Types of Home Automation Systems 08
2.1.1. Power Line Home Automation System 08
2.1.2. Wired Home Automation System 08
2.1.3. Wireless Home Automation System 09
2.2 System requirements/ specifications 09
2.3 Block diagram of Home Automation System 10
2.4 Wiring diagram of Home Automation System 11
2.5 Applications 11
2.5.1. Assistive Technology 11
2.5.2. Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) 12
2.5.3. Telecare 13
Chapter 3: Drawings of Dementia Village 14
3.1. Ground Floor Plan 15
Chapter 1: Introduction

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1.1 About the Project

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Dementia is a brain dysfunction that leads to gradual memory loss and restrictions of daily
activities. The most common form of dementia is Alzheimer's disease. As our population ages,
the number of dementia cases increase, and the need for long term care settings rises.
In India, the current capacity of care centers and support organizations fall short when compared
to the dire need. Lack of such special care facilities forces people to enroll patients with
dementia in old age homes which are not specialised in the field of dementia.

1.2 About the Elective

Physiological changes in the eye mean that the capacity to see steadily deteriorates from a young
age. By the time people are about 75 years old they need twice as much light as normal lighting
standards recommend, and nearly four times as much as a 20 year old, in order to see
satisfactorily. The two implications for care environments are that twice the ‘normal’ light is
required, and that the lighting level in spaces should be set by someone who is of mature years.
Good lighting is perhaps the most important, and least understood, design element required to
provide supportive environments for all older adults. It is essential to maximize independence,
quality of life, health, wellness and safety.

1.3 Design Parameter

The control of artificial lighting by occupation and movement sensors, time-switches and
daylight switches must be carefully thought through in order to minimize electricity costs.
The system can be set up to automatically perform tasks based on user activity, such as turning
on the lights or adjusting room temperature when the user enters specified areas.

1.4 Codes and Standards

It is required to follow all relevant Indian & International codes as per latest amendments.
However, in particular following codes may be followed:

1. Local Bye-Laws
2. National Building Code (NBC)-2016
3. National Electrical Code (NEC)- 2011
4. Indian Electricity Rules (IER)
5. Indian Electricity Act (IEA)- 2007
6. IEC Standards
7. Indian Standards (IS)

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In addition to the requirements mentioned in the relevant standards above it is required that best
engineering practices shall be followed.

IES (Illuminating Engineering Society) recommendations

Recommendations for Dementia Patients

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1.5 Scope
The purpose of this report is to summarize the codes and standards, and standard design criteria
and practices that will be used during the project. The general electrical design criteria defined
herein form the basis of the design for the electrical components and systems of the project.

1.6 Design selection criteria

For the disabled, automation systems give them opportunity for independence, providing
emergency assistance systems, security features, fall prevention, automated timers, and alerts,
also allowing monitoring from family members via an internet connection.

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Chapter 2: Home Automation Systems and Applications

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2.1 Types of Home Automation Systems
Implementation of the home automation depends on the type of controls like wired or wireless.
Centralized control of lighting equipments, air conditioning and heating, audio/video systems,
security systems, and all other equipments used in home systems is possible using different types
of automation systems.
There are mainly three types of home automation systems:
2.1.1. Power Line Home Automation System
This automation is inexpensive and doesn’t require additional cables to transfer the information,
but uses existing power lines to transfer the data. However, this system involves a large
complexity and necessitates additional converter circuits and devices.
2.1.2. Wired Home Automation System
All the home equipments are connected to a main controller (programmable logic controller)
through a communication cable. The equipment is attached with actuators to communicate with
the main controller. The entire operations are centralized by the computer that continuously
communicates with the main controller.

Wired Home Automation System

2.1.3. Wireless Home Automation

This is the expansion and advancement of wired automation which uses wireless technologies
like IR, Wi-Fi, GSM, Bluetooth, etc., for achieving remote operation. As an example, the GSM

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based home automation provides the controlling of home equipments by an SMS to the GSM
modem.

Home Automation System Structure

2.2 System requirements/ specifications

This system is mainly implemented by sensors, controlling devices and actuators as shown in the
figure. The sensors detect light, motion, temperature and other sensing elements, and then send
that data to the main controlling devices. These sensors can be thermocouples or thermistors,
photo detectors, level sensors, pressure sensors, current transformers, IR sensors, etc., which
need an additional signal conditioning equipment to communicate with the main controller.
Controllers may be personal computers/laptops, touch pads, smart phones, etc., attached to the
controlling devices like programmable-logic controllers that receive the information from the
sensors, and based on the program, control the actuators. This program can be modified based on
the load operations.
The programmable controller allows to connect various sensors and actuators through various
input and output modules whether they are analog or digital.
Actuators are the final controlling devices like limit switches, relays, motors and other
controlling mechanisms which finally control the home equipments. Communication plays an
important role in this home automation system for the remote access of these operations. This
smart home system also provides continuous monitoring through video surveillance with
cameras, scheduling, and energy saving operations. This is the best solution even for the elderly
and the disabled persons to operate equipments.

2.3 Block diagram of Home Automation System

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The proposed system shown in
Fig. 1 uses the wireless
technology to control the home
appliances with the help
of Android Smart phone. The
Android smart phone
supports WiFi connectivity,
Bluetooth and wireless data
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over cellular network and offers
Graphical User Interface
(GUI) based touch screen
operation [5]. The Android
app designed here is giving the two
provisions to the
user either use App with graphical
buttons or voice
commands to control the home
appliances by the means
of wireless media.
The proposed system shown above uses the wireless technology to control the home appliances
with the help of Android Smart phone. The Android smart phone supports WiFi connectivity,
Bluetooth and wireless data over cellular network and offers Graphical User Interface (GUI)
based touch screen operation [5]. The Android app designed here is giving the two provisions to
the user either use App with graphical buttons or voice commands to control the home
appliances by the means of wireless media.

2.4 Wiring diagram of Home Automation

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2.5 Applications
Technology systems in domestic dwellings have become more commonplace and the role that
these can play in relation to the internal environment of a home, or communication and
entertainment.
2.5.1. Assistive Technology
Assistive technology (AT) can be defined as products, equipment or systems aimed at supporting
an older person or a person with a disability to undertake tasks they would otherwise find
difficult or impossible. AT is also designed to help carers support a loved one or care recipient.
In the context of electronic equipment or systems,
AT can range from a large button phone, or photo ID phone, to more complex whole-house
technology, or smart home technology. In this regard there is much crossover between Ambient
Assisted Living, Telecare, and Telehealth systems.
Environmental Control Units (ECUs) are an example of smart technology used as AT in the
home. ECUs can be used to control various items such as the lights or TV, and will help certain
people to live with greater independence in their own home.

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This ECU uses a mobile phone or tablet interface to control a range of automated objects and devices within the
home.

If required, ECUs can be linked to more complex home automation systems including automatic
door, window, or curtain openers, and therefore enable a person who is frail or is living with
mobility difficulties to independently control their environment.
2.5.2. Ambient Assisted Living (AAL)
Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) centres on information and communication technology (ICT)
enabling older people to live at home independently. AAL provides assistance, monitoring and
care for everyday living for older people. Digital day clocks are good example of simple and
effective AAL technology which has been shown to be beneficial for people with the dementia.

Day clocks providing dates and times to help with temporal orientation

2.5.3. Telecare

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Telecare provides support and social care from a distance, supported by telecommunications,
such as phone or video equipment. Telecare packages can include pendant alarms, fall monitors,
bed motion or bed occupancy sensors, and door entry/exit sensors.

1 to the left, shows an exit sensor that sends a message to a control point.

2 on the right, shows an emergency call unit with a push button and a pull cord.

The various assistive technologies described herein are some examples of a wide range of
assistive technologies which are increasingly being used as part of an integrated approach to
independent living for older people and people with dementia.

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