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    Psychology Lecture 2 2020 2021

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    Oussama Hariz
    Cognitive psychology is the study of internal mental processes like thinking, memory, problem-solving, and learning. It emerged in the 1950s in response to behaviorism, rejecting the idea that mental processes cannot be studied. Cognitive psychologists view the mind as an information processor similar to a computer, breaking down thoughts into smaller units that are processed, stored, and retrieved. The field focuses on how sensory information is transformed and used by the brain, and relies on models like information processing to understand these cognitive processes scientifically.

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    Psychology Lecture 2 2020 2021

    Uploaded by

    Oussama Hariz
    92 views3 pages
    Cognitive psychology is the study of internal mental processes like thinking, memory, problem-solving, and learning. It emerged in the 1950s in response to behaviorism, rejecting the idea that mental processes cannot be studied. Cognitive psychologists view the mind as an information processor similar to a computer, breaking down thoughts into smaller units that are processed, stored, and retrieved. The field focuses on how sensory information is transformed and used by the brain, and relies on models like information processing to understand these cognitive processes scientifically.

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    Psychology Lecture 2 2020 2021

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    Cognitive psychology is the study of internal mental processes like thinking, memory, problem-solving, and learning. It emerged in the 1950s in response to behaviorism, rejecting the idea that mental processes cannot be studied. Cognitive psychologists view the mind as an information processor similar to a computer, breaking down thoughts into smaller units that are processed, stored, and retrieved. The field focuses on how sensory information is transformed and used by the brain, and relies on models like information processing to understand these cognitive processes scientifically.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    92 views3 pages

    Psychology Lecture 2 2020 2021

    Uploaded by

    Oussama Hariz
    Cognitive psychology is the study of internal mental processes like thinking, memory, problem-solving, and learning. It emerged in the 1950s in response to behaviorism, rejecting the idea that mental processes cannot be studied. Cognitive psychologists view the mind as an information processor similar to a computer, breaking down thoughts into smaller units that are processed, stored, and retrieved. The field focuses on how sensory information is transformed and used by the brain, and relies on models like information processing to understand these cognitive processes scientifically.

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    Cognitive Psychology 2020/2021

    Level: 3rd year

    Lecture : 02

    Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

    Cognitive psychology is linked to many disciplines. This branch of psychology is


    frequently studied by people in some different fields. Even if you are not a
    psychology student, it can be helpful to learn some of the basics of cognitive
    psychology because students, teachers, prospective teachers, curriculum designers,
    instructional developers and other educators are all in need to understand how people
    process, learn and remember information.

    Before dealing with cognitive psychology, it is necessary to tackle the term


    ''cognition''.

    What is Cognition?

    According to the cognitive psychologist Ulric Neisser (1967), the term cognition
    refers to all the processes by which the sensory input is transformed, reduced,
    elaborated, stored, recovered, and used. It is concerned with these processes even
    when they operate in the absence of relevant stimulation, as in images and
    hallucinations. Such terms as sensation, perception, imagery, retention, recall,
    problem-solving and thinking, among others, refer to aspects of cognition.

    It is apparent that cognition is involved in everything a human being might possibly


    do; that every psychological phenomenon is a cognitive phenomenon.

    What is Cognitive Psychology?

    As the term suggests, Cognitive psychology is a branch of psychology. It can be


    defined as the study of the mind which is seen as an information processor, it deals
    with the way we acquire, perceive, encode, store and use information we get from the
    word around us. It focuses on internal mental processes, such processes include
    attention, perception, memory, thinking, decision-making, problem-solving, language
    learning and creativity. This branch of psychology is also related to several other
    disciplines including neuroscience, philosophy, and linguistics under the umbrella of
    cognitive sciences.

    The core focus of cognitive psychology is on how people acquire, process, store,
    and use information. Cognitive psychologists are interested in studying the things that
    go inside the people's minds.
    The Emergence of Cognitive Psychology

    In the early of 1950 's, a movement called "cognitive revolution" took place in
    response to behaviorism. Cognitivism is the belief that much of human behavior can
    be understood in terms of how people think. It rejects the notion that psychologists
    should avoid studying mental processes because they are unobservable. Cognitivism
    is, in part, a synthesis of earlier forms in analysis, such as behaviorism and
    Gestaltism.
    Until the 1950's, behaviorism was the dominant school of thought in psychology.
    Between 1950 and 1970, the tide began to shift against behavioral psychology to
    focus on topics such as attention, memory, and problem-solving. Often referred to as
    the cognitive revolution, this period generated considerable research on subjects
    including processing models, cognitive research methods, and the first use of the term
    "cognitive psychology"
    The term "cognitive psychology" was first used in 1967 by the American
    psychologist Ulric Neisser in his book cognitive psychology. As mentioned above,
    according to him, cognition involves "all processes by which the sensory input is
    transformed, reduced, elaborated, stored, recovered, and used".

    Information-Processing (Information Processing Approach)

    Studying what's happening in a person's mind is not always the easiest thing to
    do. Very early in psychology's history, Wilhelm Wundt (1832–1920), a German
    psychologist, attempted to use a process known as introspection to study what was
    happening in a person’s mind (Introspection is a deliberate looking inward at pieces
    of information passing through consciousness). This involved training people focus
    on their internal states and then write down what they were feeling, thinking, or
    experiencing. This approach was extremely subjective so it did not last long as a
    cognitive research tool. To study the human mind, cognitive psychologists have
    developed different models to represent how thinking works. One of them is the
    information-processing model. In this approach, the mind is thought of much like a
    computer. Thoughts and memories are broken down into smaller units of knowledge.
    As information enters the mind through the senses, it is then manipulated by the brain
    that must then determines what do to with the information. Some information triggers
    an immediate response, other units of information are transferred into long-term
    memory.

    The information processing approach is based on computer-mind analogies.


    These include:

    - Both the mind and the computer are information processors.


    - Both have a memory.
    - Both have a limited capacity for storing information.
    - Both can retrieve information.
    Principles of Cognitive Psychology

    The cognitive approach in psychology is a relatively modern approach to


    human behavior that focuses on how we think. It assumes that our thought
    processes affect the way in which we behave. In contrast, other approaches
    take other factors into their account, such as the biological approach, which
    acknowledges the influences of genetics and chemical imbalances on our
    behavior.
    Cognitive psychologists believe that
    - Human beings (the human minds) are information processors.
    - Human behavior does not result from the vacuum.
    - Mental processors underlie behavior and guide it.
    - Cognitive processes that we cannot see can be studied scientifically ( by the
    use of scientific method).

    Key Points to Remember

    - Behaviorists rejected the idea of studying the mind because internal mental
    processes cannot be observed and objectively measured and studied; however,
    cognitive psychologists regard it essential to look at the mental processes of an
    organism and how these influence behavior.
    - Cognitive psychologists are interested in mental processes including how
    people take in, store, and utilize information.
    - Cognitive psychology often relies on an information processing model likens
    the human mind to a computer.
    - Findings from the field of cognitive psychology are used in many areas
    including our understanding of learning, memory, moral development,
    attention, decision-making, problem-solving.

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