Instructions to Candidates

1) Write your name and your index number in the spaces provided above.
2) Write the date and your signature.
3) This paper consists of two sections; A and B
4) Answer all questions in section A and B in the spaces provided.
5) All working must be clearly shown in the spaces provided in this booklet.
6) Non programmable silent electronic calculators may be used.
7) This paper consists of 13 printed pages. Candidates should check to ensure that all pages are
printed as indicated and no questions are missing.
8) Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all pages are printed as
indicated and that no questions are missing.
9) Candidates should answer the questions in English.

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Turn Over
 SECTION A (25 marks)

Answer all questions in this section in the spaces provided.

No. Question and Answer Remark(s)

1. State the observation made on the image in a pin hole camera when the
distance between the object and the pin hole is reduced. (2 marks)
KLB Book 1
PG 213
Expected response: When the distance between the object and the pin
hole is reduced, the image size is reduced.
2. Figure 1 shows a gold leaf electroscope.

KLB Book1 PG
252

a) Name the part labeled A. (1 mark)

Expected response: Gold leaf

b) State the function of the part labelled B. (1 mark)

Expected response: Protecting the leaf from the effects of

draught.

3. State two measurements that should be taken for one to decide whether a
KLB Book 1
lead acid accumulator is due for charging. (2 marks)
PG 286
{Maintenance
Expected response: 1. Relative density of the acid 2. Electromotive force
of
of the cell
Accumulators}
4. Explain what happens to the speed of water waves as it moves from the
shallow to the deep end in a ripple tank. (2 marks)

Expected response: The speed increases since the wavelength increases.

5. The critical angle for a ray travelling from glass to air is 42°. Determine the
refractive index of the glass. (3 marks)

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 Expected response
𝟏
𝒏=
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝑪
𝟏
𝒏=
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟒𝟐°
𝒏 = 𝟏. 𝟒𝟗𝟒𝟓

6. Figures 2(a) and 2(b) show two circuit diagrams with identical lamps and Effective emf
identical cells. and current
when cells are
connected in
series.

Compare the
two circuit
diagrams

State with a reason which of the bulbs will be brighter. (2 marks)

Expected response: Bulb B. This is because cells connected in series have

higher e.m.f and current flowing in the circuit than the cells connected in
parallel.

7. Figure 3 shows an annular ring.

On the diagram, sketch the distribution of the charge on the ring, when the
ring is negatively charged. (1 mark)
8. When iron filings are sprinkled onto a bar magnet, it is observed that there
are more iron filings at the ends than in the middle. Explain this
observation. (2 marks)

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 Expected response: The ends of a bar magnet (magnetic poles) have the
greatest power of attraction than at its center.
9. Draw a diagram to show a 𝑝 − 𝑛 junction connected in the reverse bias
mode. (2 marks)

Expected response

10. A broadcasting station produces radio waves of wavelength 800 m.

Determine their frequency. (𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑖𝑠 3 × 108 𝑚𝑠 −1 ) (3 marks)

Expected response
𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅, 𝒄 = 𝒇𝒓𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒚(𝑯𝒛) × 𝒘𝒂𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉(𝒎)
𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅 𝒐𝒇 𝒂𝒊𝒓
𝒇=
𝒘𝒂𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉
𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎𝟖 𝒎𝒔−𝟏
𝟖𝟎𝟎
𝟑. 𝟕𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎𝟓 𝑯𝒛

11. Explain how x-rays are produced in the x-ray tube. (2 marks)

Expected response: When a cathode is heated, it produces electrons

which are accelerated towards the anode due to high potential
difference of 100kV between the anode and the cathode. When these
fast-moving electrons are stopped by the metal target, part of their
kinetic energy is converted to x-rays.
12. State the purpose of a fuse in an electrical circuit. (1 mark)

Expected response: To safeguard electrical components against excess

current in the circuit.
13. Figure 4 shows circular water waves incident on a plane reflector placed at
an angle to the path of the waves.

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 Complete the diagram to show the reflected waves. (2 marks)

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 SECTION B (55 marks)

Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided

No. Question and Answer Remark(s)

14. a). State two ways of minimizing power losses during the transmission of
electric power. (1 mark)

Expected response: 1. Stepping up the voltage 2. Use of thick and/or good

conductor to minimize resistance.

b). An electric cooker is rated 2.5 kW, 250 V. State the meaning of these values.
(1 mark)

Expected response: The cooker can transform/convert 2500 joules of

electrical energy to heat energy per second when connected to a 250 V
supply.

c). A consumer has the following appliances in the house:

-An electric iron rated 1500 W
-A water heater rated 500 W
-An electric cooker rated 2500 W
-Three bulbs each rated 60 W
The house is fitted with a 12A fuse. Determine:
(i). Whether the consumer can connect all the appliances to the 240 V power
supply at the same time. (4 marks)

Expected response
𝑷
𝑷 = 𝑰𝑽, 𝒕𝒉𝒖𝒔 𝑰 =
𝑽
𝑾𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒂𝒍𝒍 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝒖𝒔𝒆, 𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒑𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 𝒘𝒊𝒍𝒍 𝒃𝒆 𝒅𝒓𝒂𝒘𝒏 𝒘𝒊𝒍𝒍 𝒃𝒆:

𝟏𝟓𝟎𝟎 + 𝟓𝟎𝟎 + 𝟐𝟓𝟎𝟎 + (𝟔𝟎 × 𝟑) = 𝟒𝟔𝟖𝟎 𝑾

𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒄𝒖𝒓𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒅𝒓𝒂𝒘𝒏 𝒅𝒖𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒐𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒘𝒊𝒍𝒍 𝒃𝒆:

𝟒𝟔𝟖𝟎
𝟐𝟒𝟎

= 𝟏𝟗. 𝟓 𝑨

𝑯𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆, 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒖𝒎𝒆𝒓 𝒄𝒂𝒏𝒏𝒐𝒕 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒏𝒆𝒄𝒕 𝒂𝒍𝒍 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒂𝒑𝒑𝒍𝒍𝒊𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒔 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒆
𝒄𝒖𝒓𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒅𝒓𝒂𝒘𝒏 𝒆𝒙𝒄𝒆𝒆𝒅𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒇𝒖𝒔𝒆 𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈.

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 (ii). The resistance of the heating element used in the electric cooker. (3 marks)

Expected response
𝑷 = 𝑰𝑽
𝟐𝟓𝟎𝟎
𝑰=
𝟐𝟒𝟎
= 𝟏𝟎. 𝟒𝟏𝑨

𝑩𝒖𝒕 𝑽 = 𝑰𝑹
𝑻𝒉𝒖𝒔, 𝑷 = 𝑰𝟐 𝑹
𝟐𝟓𝟎𝟎
𝑹=
𝟏𝟎. 𝟒𝟏𝟐

= 𝟐𝟑. 𝟎𝟕𝜴

15. a). Describe how the focal length of a concave mirror can be determined using a
screen and a metre rule. (1 mark)

Expected response: Focus a distance object on the screen using the concave
mirror. The distance between the concave mirror and the screen is the focal
length of the mirror.

b). An object is placed 8 cm from a concave mirror whose radius of curvature is

20 cm. Determine the position of the image. (3 marks)

Expected response
𝒖 = 𝟖, 𝒇 = 𝟏𝟎
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= +
𝒇 𝒖 𝒗
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= −
𝒗 𝟏𝟎 𝟖
𝟏 𝟏
=
𝒗 −𝟒𝟎
𝒗 = 𝟒𝟎𝒄𝒎 (𝒊𝒎𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒆𝒅 𝒃𝒆𝒉𝒊𝒏𝒅 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒎𝒊𝒓𝒓𝒐𝒓)

c) An object of height 10 cm is placed 30 cm from a converging lens of focal

length 18 cm.

i) On the grid provided, draw a ray diagram to locate the position

of the image formed. (3 marks)

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 ii) From the diagram in part (i), determine the:

I. Image height;

Expected response: 15𝒄𝒎

II. Image distance;

Expected response: 𝟒𝟓𝒄𝒎

16. a) State two uses of radioactivity in medicine. (1 mark)

Expected response: 1. Gamma radiations can be used to sterilize medical

equipment 2. Used to kill cancerous cells.

b) The following is a nuclear reaction equation.

𝟔 𝟏
𝟑𝑳𝒊 + 𝟎𝒏 → 𝟑𝟏𝑯 + 𝒚𝒙𝑷

Determine the values of 𝒙 and𝒚. (2 marks)

𝟔+𝟏=𝟑+𝒙

𝟕=𝟑+𝒙

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 𝒙=𝟒

𝟑+𝟎= 𝟏+𝒚
𝒚=𝟑−𝟏
𝒚=𝟐
c). Figure 5 shows a radioactive element placed in an evacuated glass chamber.
The element produces alpha, beta and gamma emissions.

The three emissions pass through an electric field.

(i) Complete the diagram to show the path of each of the emissions. (3
marks)
(ii) State the reason why:

I. The radioactive element is kept inside a lead box; (1 mark)

Expected response: To prevent stray radiation; due to its

high density, the radiations cannot penetrate through.

II. The chamber is evacuated; (1 mark)

Expected response: To prevent loss of kinetic energy of the

particles due to collision with air molecules.

d). i). Arrange the following electromagnetic waves in the order of decreasing
frequency:
𝑴𝒊𝒄𝒓𝒐𝒘𝒂𝒗𝒆𝒔; 𝑮𝒂𝒎𝒎𝒂 𝒓𝒂𝒚𝒔; 𝑹𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒐𝒘𝒂𝒗𝒆𝒔; 𝑿 − 𝒓𝒂𝒚𝒔

Expected response
𝑮𝒂𝒎𝒎𝒂 𝒓𝒂𝒚𝒔 → 𝑿 − 𝒓𝒂𝒚𝒔 → 𝑴𝒊𝒄𝒓𝒐𝒘𝒂𝒗𝒆𝒔 → 𝑹𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒐𝒘𝒂𝒗𝒆𝒔

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 ii). The half-life of a certain radioactive substance is 24 days. Given that the
initial sample of the substance has a mass of 64g, determine the mass which is
left after 72 days. (2 marks)

Expected response
𝑻
𝑵 = 𝑵𝒐(𝟏⁄𝟐) 𝒕

𝑵𝒐 = 𝟔𝟒𝒈, 𝑻 = 𝟕𝟐 𝒅𝒂𝒚𝒔, 𝒕 = 𝟐𝟒 𝒅𝒂𝒚𝒔

𝟕𝟐
𝑵 = 𝟔𝟒(𝟏⁄𝟐)𝟐𝟒 → 𝟔𝟒(𝟏⁄𝟐)𝟑

= 𝟖𝒈

17. a) i) Name the three components of the electron gun in a cathode ray tube. (3
marks)

Expected response

✓ 𝑯𝒆𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒅 𝒄𝒂𝒕𝒉𝒐𝒅𝒆
✓ 𝑮𝒓𝒊𝒅
✓ 𝑨𝒏𝒐𝒅𝒆𝒔

ii). State one difference between the deflection systems of a cathode ray tube
and the television tube. (1 mark)

Expected response: The deflecting tube of a cathode ray tube uses electric
fields while that of a television tube uses magnetic fields.

b) Figure 6 shows a graph of stopping potential against the frequency for a

certain photo emissive surface, drawn by a student from the data collected
when carrying out an experiment on photoelectric effect.

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 From the graph, determine the:
(i) Threshold frequency of the surface; (3 marks)

Expected response
𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝒙 − 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒆𝒑𝒕 𝒊𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒉𝒐𝒍𝒅 𝒇𝒓𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒚.

= 𝟒. 𝟔 × 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟒 𝑯𝒛

(ii) Plank’s constant h, given that the energy of the incident photon is
1.6 × 10−19 𝐽; (3 marks)

Expected response

𝑷𝒍𝒂𝒏𝒌′ 𝒔 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕, 𝒉 = 𝒔𝒍𝒐𝒑𝒆 × 𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒈𝒚

𝟐. 𝟎 − 𝟎. 𝟓
= 𝟑. 𝟕𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟓
(𝟏𝟎 − 𝟒) × 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟒
(𝟑. 𝟕𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟓 ) × (𝟏. 𝟔 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟗 )

𝟔. 𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑𝟒 𝑱𝒔

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 (iii) Work function of the surface. (3 marks)

Expected response

𝒘𝒐 = 𝒉𝒇𝒐

(𝟔. 𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑𝟒 )𝑱𝒔 × (𝟒. 𝟔 × 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟒 )𝑯𝒛

𝟐. 𝟕𝟔 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟗 𝑱

18 (a) Figure 7 shows a soft iron ring placed between two poles of a bar
magnet.

On the figure, draw the magnetic field lines between the poles. (2 mark)

(b) Figure 8 shows two straight conductors P and Q connected to a battery

and variable resistor.

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 (i) Using arrows indicate on the diagram the direction of current that
flows through P and Q when the switch is closed. (1 mark)

(ii) State what is observed when the current flows through the
conductors. (1 mark)

Expected response: The conductors move away from each other.

(iii) Explain the observation in (ii). (3 marks)

Expected response: Current in conductor P and Q is flowing in

opposite direction. As a result, the magnetic fields between the
two conductors come very close to each other. Since field lines
mutually repel one another, the two conductors are pushed away
from each other.

(c) (i) State how eddy currents are minimized in a transformer. (1 mark)

Expected response: By laminating the core using thin sheets of

magnetic materials.

(ii). A step down transformer has 600 turns in the primary coil. The
input voltage is 120V while the output voltage is 24V. Determine the
number of turns in the secondary coil. (3 marks)

Expected response
𝑵𝒔 𝑽 𝒔
=
𝑵𝒑 𝑽 𝒑
𝟐𝟒 × 𝟔𝟎𝟎
𝑵𝒔 =
𝟏𝟐𝟎

𝟏𝟐𝟎 𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒏𝒔

Disclaimer
This marking scheme is subject to
change.

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