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Central Limit Theorem Worksheet

The document discusses the central limit theorem and how it applies to sample means. It provides examples of calculating probabilities related to sample means for bottling machine measurements, pregnancy lengths, egg weights, and life expectancies. The central limit theorem states that as sample size increases, the sampling distribution of the sample mean approaches a normal distribution, even if the population is not normally distributed. This is why probabilities can be different for single values versus sample means.

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Chris Tian
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817 views

Central Limit Theorem Worksheet

The document discusses the central limit theorem and how it applies to sample means. It provides examples of calculating probabilities related to sample means for bottling machine measurements, pregnancy lengths, egg weights, and life expectancies. The central limit theorem states that as sample size increases, the sampling distribution of the sample mean approaches a normal distribution, even if the population is not normally distributed. This is why probabilities can be different for single values versus sample means.

Uploaded by

Chris Tian
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CENTRAL LIMIT THEOREM – WORKSHEET (Mean)

1. A bottling company uses a filling machine to fill plastic bottles with a popular cola. The bottles
are supposed to contain 300 millilters (ml). In fact, the contents vary according to a normal
distribution with mean m = 303 ml and standard deviation s = 3 ml.

a. What is the probability that an individual bottle contains less than 300 ml?
b. Now take a random sample of 10 bottles. What are the mean and standard deviation of the
sample mean contents x-bar of these 10 bottles?
c. What is the probability that the sample mean contents of the 10 bottles is less than 300
ml?

2. The length of human pregnancies from conception to birth varies according to a distribution
that is approximately normal with mean 264 days and standard deviation 16 days. Consider 15
pregnant women from a rural area. Assume they are equivalent to a random sample from all women.

a. What are the mean and standard deviation of the sample mean length of pregnancy x-bar
of these 15 pregnancies?
b. If we want to predict, with 90% accuracy, the sample mean length of pregnancy for 15
randomly selected women, what values do we use? (That is, find value L AND U such that
there's a 90% probability the sample mean x-bar lies between L and U.)
c. What's the probability the sample mean length of pregnancy lasts less than 250 days?
(Contrast this with the probability a single pregnant women is pregnant for less than 250
days, which is 0.1908.)
d. Toxic waste is believed to have affected the health of residents of this area. Suppose the
sample mean length of pregnancy is indeed 250 days; use the result of part (c) to argue
that the waste has an effect of length of pregnancy.

3. The weights of the eggs produced by a certain breed of hen are normally distributed with mean
65 grams and standard deviation of 5 grams.
(a) What is the probability that one egg selected at random from a hen house will weigh more than
68 grams?
(b) Consider a carton of 12 eggs to be a simple random sample (SRS) of hen's eggs. If you were to
take a large number of repeated samples of size n = 12, what would the mean and standard
deviation be of these sample means?
(c) What is the probability that the average weight of the 12 eggs in a carton selected at random
will be more than 68 grams?
(d) Explain why the numbers from (a) and (c) are so different, using the Central Limit Theorem.

4. In a study done on the life expectancy of 500 people in a certain geographic region, the mean
age at death was 72 years and the standard deviation was 5.3 years.
(a) What is the probability that an individual selected at random will be less than 70 years old?
(b) If a sample of 50 people from this region is selected, and the probability that the mean life
expectancy will be less than 70 years.
(c) In your own words, explain so that someone not in this class can understand why
there is a difference between (a) and (b). Feel free to use specific examples.
Solutions

(Note: sqrt(#) stands for "square root of #".)

1. a) 0.1587, b) mean: 303, stdev: 3/sqrt(10) = 0.94868, c) 0.0008 (1 in 1250 -- very unlikely).

2. a) mean: 264, stdev: 16/sqrt(15) = 4.1312, b) need z = 1.645 and z = -1.645; go 1.645 st dev.
from mean in either direction. 264 + 1.645(4.1312) = 270.8; 264 - 16.45(4.1312) = 257.2. So,
between 257.2 and 270.8, c) 0.0003 (1 in 3333), d) Assume the toxin has no effect on length of
pregnancy -- the average length of pregnancy for all people (including people exposed to the toxin)
is 264. The chance of an average length of pregnancy at least as low as the observed 250 is very
remote -- it should occur in 1 in 3333 trials on average. This leads one to believe that perhaps the
result isn't due to chance alone and, instead, that our assumption of 264 days on average is in
question. (This result is "beyond a reasonable doubt.")

3. (a) 0.2743 (b) mean= 65,st.dev= 1.44 (c) 0.0188 (d) 1-averages deviate less than
an individual value as n increases, std dev / sqrt (n) decreases, so the data for an average is more
tightly packed by the mean. (the mean of the sample will have more chance of being normal at
about 65 grams)

4. (a) 0.3530 (b) 0.0038 (c) independent response.

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