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Anemia: CBC, Serum Iron, Iron-Binding Capacity, and Serum Ferritin Rarely, Bone Marrow Examination

Anemia is a common blood disorder where the level of red blood cells (RBCs) or hemoglobin in the blood is lower than normal. This can cause issues because RBCs carry oxygen throughout the body. Anemia can be caused by excessive destruction of RBCs, blood loss, or inadequate RBC production and has many potential underlying factors including nutritional deficiencies, cancer, medications, and genetic disorders. Diagnosis involves blood tests while treatment may include oral or intravenous iron supplementation. Left untreated, anemia can lead to complications like fatigue and stress on organs.

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61 views4 pages

Anemia: CBC, Serum Iron, Iron-Binding Capacity, and Serum Ferritin Rarely, Bone Marrow Examination

Anemia is a common blood disorder where the level of red blood cells (RBCs) or hemoglobin in the blood is lower than normal. This can cause issues because RBCs carry oxygen throughout the body. Anemia can be caused by excessive destruction of RBCs, blood loss, or inadequate RBC production and has many potential underlying factors including nutritional deficiencies, cancer, medications, and genetic disorders. Diagnosis involves blood tests while treatment may include oral or intravenous iron supplementation. Left untreated, anemia can lead to complications like fatigue and stress on organs.

Uploaded by

Kevin Sabiniano
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ANEMIA

One of the more common blood disorders, occurs when the level of healthy red blood cells
(RBCs) in the body becomes too low. This can lead to health problems because RBCs contain
hemoglobin, which carries oxygen to the body's tissues. Anemia can cause a variety of
complications, including fatigue and stress on bodily organs.

Anemia can be caused by many things, but the three main bodily mechanisms that produce it
are:

1. excessive destruction of RBCs


2. blood loss
3. inadequate production of RBCs

Among many other causes, anemia can result from inherited disorders, nutritional problems
(such as an iron or vitamin deficiency), infections, some kinds of cancer, or exposure to a drug
or toxin.

Diagnosis
 CBC, serum iron, iron-binding capacity, and serum ferritin
 Rarely, bone marrow examination

Treatment
 Oral supplemental iron
 Rarely, parenteral iron

Iron therapy without pursuit of the cause is poor practice; the bleeding site should be sought even in cases of mild anemia.

MANIFESTATION:

Common signs are pallor (color of skin, palms, oral and conjunctival mucous membrane and nail
beds), tachycardia, ejection systolic murmur, mild peripheral edema and venous hums and wide
pulse pressure. In old people, angina pectoris can be an important clinical manifestation.

In the case of Ivan the manifestations of anemia to him are paleness of the conjunctival mucous
membrane, nail beds, hands, sleepy, mouth, shortness of breath, and easily fatigable.
Intervention:

As my intervention as a student nurse I provided him food that may be useful and healthy to
him, I also included some health teaching that may be affordable to his status like eating foods
that is nutritious which is rich in iron and vitamin C, iron rich foods like liver, rice, and
vegetables, for vitamin C rich foods like potatoes, tomatoes, guava, mangoes. Those foods are
individually given which is affordable to his economic status; another part of my intervention is
to feed him to sustain his energy.

Toxicity

Iron toxicity:

The body normally absorbs less iron if its stores are full, but some individuals are poorly
defended against iron toxicity. Once considered rare, iron overload has emerged as an
important disorder of iron metabolism.

Iron overload is known as hemochromatosis and is usually caused by a gene that enhances iron
absorption. Other causes of iron overload include repeated blood transfusions, massive doses
of dietary iron, and rare metabolic disorders. Additionally, long term over consumption of iron
may cause hemosiderosis, a condition characterized by large deposits of the iron storage
protein hemosiderin in the liver and other tissues.

Iron overload is most often 

VITAMIN C TOXICITY
The upper limit for vitamin C intake is 2000 mg/day. Up to 10 g/day of vitamin C are
sometimes taken for unproven health benefits, such as preventing or shortening the
duration of viral infections or slowing or reversing the progression of cancer or
atherosclerosis. Such doses may acidify the urine, cause nausea and diarrhea, interfere
with the healthy antioxidant-prooxidant balance in the body, and, in patients with
thalassemia or hemochromatosis, promote iron overload. Intake below the upper limit
does not have toxic effects in healthy adults.

Deficiency

Iron deficiency:
If absorption cannot compensate for losses or low dietary intakes, and body stores are used up,
then iron deficiency sets in. Because so much of the body's iron is in the blood, iron losses are
greatest whenever blood is lost. Bleeding from any site incurs iron losses. Active bleeding
ulcers, menstruation, and injury result in iron losses.

VITAMIN C DEFICIENCY
vitamin C deficiency can occur as part of general undernutrition, but severe deficiency
(causing scurvy) is uncommon. Symptoms include fatigue, depression, and connective
tissue defects (eg, gingivitis, petechiae, rash, internal bleeding, impaired wound
healing). In infants and children, bone growth may be impaired. Diagnosis is usually
clinical. Treatment consists of oral vitamin C.
Demographic data

Name:

Age:

Address:

Religion

Birthday:

Birthplace:

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