Anaplasmosis

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.
Sci (2018) 7(4): 189-193
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences

ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 04 (2018)
Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com
Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.704.020
Prevalence of Anaplasmosis Caused by Anaplasma marginale

in Cattle in and around Puducherry Region, India
B. Subramanian1*, P. Vijayalakshmi1, S.S. Das2 and D. Selvi1
1
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Teaching Veterinary Clinical Campus, Rajiv Gandhi
Institute of Veterinary Education and Research, Puducherry–605009, India
2
Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and
Research, Puducherry–605009, India
*Corresponding author
ABSTRACT
The present study was conducted in cattle brought to Large Animal

Keywords Medicine Unit, Teaching Veterinary Clinical Campus, Rajiv Gandhi
Prevalence, Institute of Veterinary Education and Research and Ambulatory clinic for
Anaplasma marginale, treatment of various medical ailments from June 2017 to November 2017.
Rhipicephalus
appendiculatus, Cattle Seventy three cases with clinical signs of pale to icteric mucous membrane
and tick infestation were subjected for blood smear examination and
Article Info
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Out of these fifteen cattle were found
Accepted: positive for Anaplasma marginale infection either by blood smear and / by
04 March 2018
PCR, accounting to an overall prevalence of 20.55 percent The ticks
Available Online:
10 April 2018 collected from those animals were identified based on morphological
features as Rhipicephalus appendiculatus.
Introduction marginale and Anaplasma centrale whereas

Anaplasmaovis infects sheep and goat was
The genus Anaplasma, Rickettsiales: also well recognized (Lestoquard, 1924).
Anaplasmataceae are obligate intracellular
etiological mediator distressing tick borne Clinical anaplasmosis was first recorded in
diseases in mammalian hosts (Dumler et al., cattle from the State of Odisha, India by
2001).They infect mature erythrocytes by an Patnaik (1963). Later, In Canada Boulanger et
endocytic process and reproduction occurs by al., (1971) stated the first occurrence of
binary fission to produce 2-8 infective initial anaplasmosis arose in the year 1971. Office of
bodies which leave the cell by exocytosis to the International Epizootics (2003) stated that
infect other erythrocytes (Radostits et al., anaplasmosis is presently categorized in List B
2010). Of the three erythrocytic Anaplasma of the Terrestrial Animal Health Code due to
spp., two infects cattle, namely Anaplasma its socio-economic status and consequence in
189
Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(4): 189-193
terms of restrictions in the global trade of A systematic clinical examination was carried
animals and animal products. Predominance of out and ticks, if existing were collected and
A. marginale was found to be 48.75 % by exposed for identification of the species. The
molecular procedures in seven districts of ticks collected were immediately processed
Punjab, India (Ashuma et al., 2013). OIE for identification with DPX mount and were
(2013) in North India, 20 outbreaks of observed under light microscope with 4x
anaplasmosis arose during the period of magnification.
January to June 2013, out of which five were
stated from Jammu and Kashmir, six from Results and Discussion
West Bengal and nine from Punjab, signifying
the hazard stood on livestock by the disease. Seventy three cases with clinical findings of
pale to icteric mucous membrane and tick
Anaplasmosis is reflected as one of the top 10 infestation were subjected for blood smear
economically significant rickettsial diseases examination and PCR. Out of these, 15 were
distressing ruminants in India (Srikant and found positive for A. marginale infection
Gaurav, 2014). Abdela et al., (2017) reported either by blood smear and or by PCR. The
prevalence of bovine anaplasmosis as 6.1% by occurrence of Anaplasmosis in cattle in
Giemsa staining in Jimma region of Ethiopia. Puducherry region is 20.55% among the tick-
Twenty different species of ticks transmitting borne diseases.
anaplasma (Kocan et al., 2004), comprising of
Hyalomma spp., Rhipicephalus spp., PCR was found to be more sensitive for the
Boophilus spp., Ixodes spp. and Demacentor detection of A. marginale, out of 73
spp. anaplasmosis suspected samples, 15 were
found to be positive for A. marginale (Fig. 1)
Though Boophilus microplus is found to be while only three turned positive by blood
the chief transmitting agent (Aubry and Geale, smear examination.
2011). Mechanical spread is probable by
biting flies or blood-contaminated fomites Out of 15 cattle found positive for
(Brayton et al., 2005). The cause of infection anaplasmosis, 10 cattle (66.67%) were
is constantly the blood of an infested animal. infested with ticks. The ticks collected from
Predominance of anaplasmosis is found those animals were identified based on
greater in warm and moist weather morphological features as Rhipicephalus
accompanying with the plenty of vector appendiculatus (Fig. 2 and 3).
(Kocan et al., 2004).
The prevalence of Anaplasmosis in cattle in
Materials and Methods Puducherry region was 20.55%, this was
compared with the incidence reports from
Cattle brought to Large Animal Medicine different regions of India. Nair et al., (2013)
Unit, Teaching Veterinary Clinical Campus, reported 16.67% incidence in four districts of
Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Kerala. An incidence of 22% anaplasmosis in
Education and Research and Ambulatory Telangana was documented by Neena et al.,
clinic for treatment of various medical (2017) while in Seemandhrathe incidence was
ailments in that seventy three cases with reported to be 3.4%. The ticks collected from
clinical signs of pale to icteric mucous the affected animals were identified based on
membrane and tick infestation were subjected morphological features as Rhipicephalus
for blood smear examination and PCR. appendiculatus.
190
Fig.1 Agarose gel electrophoresis of PCR product of Anaplasma marginale
Lane M - 100bp DNA ladder; Lane 1 - Negative control; Lane 2 to 8–Samples
Fig.2 and Fig.3 Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (DPX mount – 4X)
This was in agreement with Yamada et al., recognized tick-borne pathogens than it was
(2008) who stated that A. marginale was believed before and is the most significant
transmitted by Rhipicephalus appendiculatus. tick species in transmitting a extensive range
However Robert et al., (2009) stated that R. of tick-borne diseases in eastern, central and
appendiculatus showed comparatively low southern Africa where the tick species is
finding rate / transmission for A. marginale widespread. However, no studies have
infection. Fyumagwa et al., (2009) in his evaluated their competence in the
study proposes that this tick species is transmission of Anaplasma marginale in
possibly infected by many more of the Puducherry region.
191
Acknowledgments Rickettsiales: unification of some

species of Ehrlichia with Anaplasma,
The authors are grateful to the Dean, Head, Cowdria with Ehrlichia and Ehrlichia
Department of Veterinary Medicine and with Neorickettsia, descriptions of six
Head, Department of Veterinary Parasitology, new species combinations and
Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary designation of Ehrlichiaequi and HGE
Education and Research, Puducherry for agent as subjective synonyms of
providing necessary facilities for the work. Ehrlichia phagocytophila. Int J Syst
Evol Microbiol, 51:2145–2165
References Fyumagwa, R.D., Simmler, P., Meli, M.L.,
Hoare, R., Hofmann-Lehmann, R. and
Abdela, N., Ibrahim, N. and Begna, F. (2017) Lutz, H. (2009) Prevalence of
Prevalence, risk factors and vectors Anaplasma marginale in different tick
identification of bovine anaplasmosis species from Ngorongoro Crater,
and babesiosis in and around Jimma Tanzania. Veterinary Parasitology, 161:
town, Southwestern Ethiopia, 154-157
ActaTropica, 177: 9-18 Kocan, K.M., De La Fuente, J., Blouin, E.F.
Ashuma, Amrita, S., Lachhman, D.S., and Garica-Garcia, J.C. (2004) A.
Paramjit, K., Mandeep, S.B., Balwinder, marginale (Rickettsiales:
K.B. and Prayag, D.J. (2013). Anaplasmataceae): Recent advances in
Prevalence and haemato-biochemical defining host-pathogen adaptations of a
profile of A. marginale infection in tick-borne rickettsia. Parasitology, 129:
dairy animals of Punjab (India), Asian 285-300
Pacific J. Tropical Medicine, pp139- Lestoquard, F. (1924) Deuxieme note sur les
144 piroplasmoses du mouton en Algerie.
Aubry, P and Geale, D.W. (2011) A review of Anaplasmose: Anaplasmaovis nov. sp.
bovine anaplasmosis. Transbound. Bull Soc Path Exot, 17: 784 – 787
Emerg. Dis., 58: 1-30 Nair, A.S., Ravindran, R., Lakshmanan, B.,
Boulanger, P., Ruckerbauer, G.M., Bannister, Sreekumar, C., Kumar, S.S., Remya
G.L., McKay, R.R. and Peter, N.Y. Raju, Tresamol, P.V., Vimalkumar,
(1971) Anaplasmosis: control of the M.B. and Saseendranath, M.R (2013)
first outbreak in Canada by serologic Bovine carriers of A. marginale and A.
identification and slaughter. Can. J. bovis in South India. Tropical
Comp. Med.35: 429-432 Biomedicine, 30: 105-112
Brayton, K.A., Kappmeyer, L.S., Herndon, Neena, G., Vasundhra, B. and Paresh, S.
D.R., Dark, M.J., Tibbals, D.L. and (2017) Phylogenetic relationship and
Palmer, G.H. (2005). Complete genome genotypic variability in A. marginale
sequencing of A. marginale reveals that strains causing anaplasmosis in India.
the surface is skewed to two super Infection, Genetics and
families of outer membrane proteins. Evolution.48:71–75
Proc National Acad Sci. 102:844-849 OIE (2013) http://www.oie.int/wahis_2/
Dumler, J., Barbet, A., Bekker, C., Dasch, G., public/wahid.php/Diseaseinformation/st
Palmer, G., Ray, S., Rikihisa, Y. and atusdetail
Rurangirwa, F. (2001) Reorganization OIE (Office International des Epizooties Web
of genera in the families Rickettsiaceae Site), (2003).Terrestrial Animal Health
and Anaplasmataceae in the order
192
Code. Bovine Anaplasmosis, Chapter Ngorongoro Crater, Tanzania,

2.3.7, accessed on July 28 Veterinary Parasitology,161: 154–157
Patnaik, M.M. (1963).A note on bovine Srikant, G. and Gaurav, N. (2014) Problem of
anaplasmosis. Indian Vet J, 40: 655 – ticks and tick-borne diseases in India
657 with special emphasis on progress in
Radostits, O.M., Gay, C.C., Hinchcliff, K.W. tick control research: A review. J
and Constable, P.D. 2010. Veterinary Vector Borne Dis.51:259–270
Medicine. A textbook of the diseases of Yamada, S., Konnai, S., Imamura, S.,
Cattle, Horses, Sheep, Pigs and Goats Simuunza, M., Chembensofu, M.,
10th ed., Book power Saunders, London, Chota, A., Nambota, A., Onuma, M.
New York, pp 1455 –1459 and Ohashi, K. (2008) PCR-based
Robert, D.F., Pascale, S., Marina, L.M., detection of blood parasites in cattle and
Richard, H., Regina, H.L. and Hans, L. adult Rhipicephalus appendiculatus
(2009) Prevalence of Anaplasma ticks. Vet J.182: 352-355
marginale in different tick species from
How to cite this article:
Subramanian, B., P. Vijayalakshmi, S.S. Das and Selvi, D. 2018. Prevalence of Anaplasmosis
Caused by Anaplasma marginale in Cattle in and around Puducherry Region, India.
Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci. 7(04): 189-193. doi: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.704.020
193

Anaplasmosis

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Anaplasmosis

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Anaplasmosis

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.

Sci (2018) 7(4): 189-193

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences

Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.704.020

Prevalence of Anaplasmosis Caused by Anaplasma marginale

B. Subramanian1*, P. Vijayalakshmi1, S.S. Das2 and D. Selvi1

The present study was conducted in cattle brought to Large Animal

Introduction marginale and Anaplasma centrale whereas

Fig.1 Agarose gel electrophoresis of PCR product of Anaplasma marginale

Lane M - 100bp DNA ladder; Lane 1 - Negative control; Lane 2 to 8–Samples

Fig.2 and Fig.3 Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (DPX mount – 4X)

Acknowledgments Rickettsiales: unification of some

Code. Bovine Anaplasmosis, Chapter Ngorongoro Crater, Tanzania,

How to cite this article:

You might also like

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.