Stainless Steel Bolts, Hex Cap Screws, and Studs: Standard Specification For
Stainless Steel Bolts, Hex Cap Screws, and Studs: Standard Specification For
Stainless Steel Bolts, Hex Cap Screws, and Studs: Standard Specification For
Copyright. © ASTM International. 100 Barr Harbor Dr., P.O. box C700 West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania 19428-2959, United States
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Mon Oct 3 10:37:26 EDT 2011
1
Downloaded/printed by
Universadad Santiago de Chile pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.
F593 – 02 (2008)
Washers, Direct Tension Indicators, and Rivets A— Machined from annealed or solution-annealed stock thus retaining the
F1470 Practice for Fastener Sampling for Specified Me- properties of the original material; or hot-formed and solution annealed.
AF— Headed and rolled from annealed stock and then reannealed.
chanical Properties and Performance Inspection AH— Solution-annealed and age-hardened after forming.
2.2 ASME Standards:3 CW— Headed and rolled from annealed stock thus acquiring a degree of cold
B1.1 Unified Inch Screw Threads work. Sizes 0.75 in. and larger may be hot-worked and solution-
annealed.
B18.2.1 Square and Hex Bolts and Screws, Including Hex H— Hardened and tempered at 1050°F (565°C) minimum.
Cap Screws HT— Hardened and tempered at 525°F (274°C) minimum.
SH— Machined from strain-hardened stock or cold-worked to develop the
specific properties.
3. Ordering Information
3.1 Orders for bolts, hex cap screws, and studs under this 5. Heat Treatment
specification shall include the following:
3.1.1 Quantity (number of pieces of each item and size), 5.1 Alloy Groups 1, 2, and 3 (Austenitic Alloys 303, 303Se,
3.1.2 Name of item (bolt, hex cap screw, stud, etc.), 304, 304 L, 305, 316, 316 L, 321, 347, 384, XM1, 18-9LW, and
3.1.3 Size (nominal diameter, threads per inch, length; see 302HQ):
Section 9), 5.1.1 Condition A—When Condition A is specified, the
3.1.4 Alloy group number (see 6.1), and austenitic alloys shall be heated to 1900 6 50°F (1038 6
3.1.5 Condition (see 4.2). 28°C), at which time the chromium carbide will go into the
3.2 Orders for bolts, hex cap screws, and studs under this solution, be held for a sufficient time, and then be cooled at a
specification may include the following optional requirements: rate sufficient to prevent precipitation of the carbide and to
3.2.1 Forming (see 4.1.2), provide the specified properties.
3.2.2 Rolled or cut threads (see 4.1.3), 5.1.2 Condition CW—When Condition CW is specified, the
3.2.3 Composition (see 6.2), austenitic alloys shall be annealed in accordance with 5.1.1,
3.2.4 Corrosion Resistance (see 8.1), generally by the raw material manufacturer and then cold
3.2.5 Finish (see 10.3), worked to develop the specified properties.
3.2.6 Rejection (see 16.1), and 5.1.3 Condition AF—When Condition AF is specified, the
3.2.7 Test report (see 17.2). austenitic alloys shall be annealed in accordance with 5.1.1
3.2.8 Supplementary requirements, if any, to be specified on after all cold working (including heading and threading) has
the order (see S1 through S8), and been completed.
3.2.9 ASTM specification and year of issue. When year of
5.2 Alloy Group 4 (Ferritic Alloys 430 and 430F):
issue is not specified, fasteners shall be furnished to the latest
issue. 5.2.1 Condition A—The ferritic alloys shall be heated to a
temperature of 1450 6 50°F (788 6 28°C), held for an
NOTE 1—Example 10 000 pieces, Hex Cap Screw, 0.250 in. −20 3 3.00 appropriate time, and then air cooled to provide the specified
in., Alloy Group 1, Condition CW, Furnish Test Report, Supplementary
properties.
Requirement S3.
5.2.2 Condition CW—When Condition CW is specified, the
4. Manufacture ferritic alloys shall be annealed in accordance with 5.2.1,
4.1 Manufacture: generally by the raw material manufacturer and then cold
4.1.1 Specifications A276, A493, A564/A564M, and A582/ worked to develop the specified properties.
A582M are noted for information only as suitable sources of 5.2.3 Condition AF—When Condition AF is specified, the
material for the manufacture of bolts, hex cap screws, and studs ferritic alloys shall be annealed in accordance with 5.2.1 after
to this specification. all cold working (including heading and threading) has been
4.1.2 Forming—Unless otherwise specified, the fasteners completed.
shall be cold formed, hot formed, or machined from suitable 5.3 Alloy Group 5 (Martensitic Alloys 410, 416, and 416Se):
material at the option of the manufacturer. 5.3.1 Condition H—When Condition H is specified, the
4.1.3 Threads—Unless otherwise specified, the threads shall Martensitic Alloys 410, 416, and 416Se shall be hardened and
be rolled or cut at the option of the manufacturer. tempered by heating to 1850 6 50°F (1010 6 28°C) sufficient
4.2 Condition—The fasteners shall be furnished in the for austenitization, held for at least 1⁄2 h and rapid air- or
following conditions, unless specified to be furnished in one of oil-quenched, and then reheating to 1050°F (565°C) minimum
the optional conditions: for at least 1 h and air cooled to provide the specified
Condition Furnished Unless Optional Conditions (must properties.
Alloy Group Otherwise Specified be specified)
1, 2, 3 CW AF, A, SH 5.3.2 Condition HT—When Condition HT is specified, the
4 CW A Martensitic Alloys 410, 416, and 416Se shall be hardened and
5 H HT
6 H HT
tempered by heating to 1850 6 50°F (1010 6 28°C) sufficient
7 AH none for austenitization, held for at least 1⁄2 h and rapid air- or
oil-quenched, and then reheating to 525°F (274°C) minimum
for at least 1 h and air cooled to provide the specified
3
Available from Global Engineering Documents, 15 Inverness Way, East
properties.
Englewood, CO 80112-5704, http://www.global.ihs.com. 5.4 Alloy Group 6 (Martensitic Alloy 431):
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Mon Oct 3 10:37:26 EDT 2011
2
Downloaded/printed by
Universadad Santiago de Chile pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.
F593 – 02 (2008)
5.4.1 Conditions H and HT—Martensitic Alloy 431 shall be the choice of an alloy from within a group shall be at the
hardened and tempered in accordance with 5.3.1 and 5.3.2 as discretion of the fastener manufacturer as required by his
applicable. method of fastener fabrication and material availability. The
5.5 Alloy Group 7 (Precipitation Hardening Alloy 630): specific alloy used by the fastener manufacturer shall be clearly
5.5.1 Condition AH—Precipitation Hardening Alloy 630 identified on any certification required by the order and shall
shall be solution annealed and aged by heating to 1900 6 25°F have a chemical composition conforming to the requirements
(1038 6 14°C) for at least 1⁄2 h and rapid air- or oil-quenched of Table 1 for the specific alloy.
to 80°F (27°C) maximum, then reheating to a temperature of 6.2.2 Ordering by Specific Alloy—When ordered by a spe-
1150 6 15°F (621 6 8°C) for 4 h and air cooled to provide the cific alloy number, the fasteners shall conform to the chemical
specified properties. composition limits of Table 1 for the specific alloy.
6.3 Product Analysis:
6. Chemical Composition
6.3.1 When performed, product analysis to determine
6.1 Alloy Groups—It is the intent of this specification that chemical composition shall be performed on at least one fully
fasteners shall be ordered by alloy group numbers, which manufactured finished fastener representing each lot. The
include alloys considered to be chemically equivalent for chemical composition thus determined shall conform to the
general purpose use. The alloy groupings are shown as follows. requirements of Table 1 for the specified alloy or alloy group as
The purchaser has the option of ordering a specific alloy, in appropriate, subject to the Product Analysis Tolerance in
stead of an alloy group number, as permitted in 6.2.2. Specifications A484/A484M and A555/A555M.
Alloy Group Alloys 6.3.2 In the event of discrepancy, a referee chemical analy-
1 304, 304 L, 305, 384, 18-9LW, 302HQA
2 316, 316 L sis of samples from each lot shall be made in accordance with
3 321, 347 14.1.
4 430B
5 410C
6 431 7. Mechanical Properties
7 630
7.1 The finished fasteners shall meet the applicable me-
A
When approved by the purchaser, Alloys 303, 303Se, or XM1 may be chanical property and test requirements of Table 2 and Table 3
furnished.
B
When approved by the purchaser, Alloy 430F may be furnished.
as appropriate for the specified alloy group and condition and
C
When approved by the purchaser, Alloys 416 or 416Se may be furnished. shall be tested for conformance to the mechanical property
6.2 Chemical Composition Limits: requirements as specified herein.
6.2.1 Ordering by Alloy Group—Unless otherwise specified 7.2 Fasteners having a nominal thread diameter-length com-
on the inquiry and order (see Supplementary Requirement S4), bination as follows:
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Mon Oct 3 10:37:26 EDT 2011
3
Downloaded/printed by
Universadad Santiago de Chile pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.
F593 – 02 (2008)
TABLE 2 Mechanical Property RequirementsA
Full-Size Tests Machined Specimen Tests
Stain- Nominal
Alloy Mechanical Tensile Yield Tensile Yield Elon-
less Al- ConditionB Diameter, Rockwell
Property Marking Strength Strength, Strength Strength, gation
loy Group in. Hardness
ksiC ksiD,C ksiC ksiD,C in 4 D, %
Austenitic Alloys
AF F593A ⁄ to 1 ⁄ , incl
14 12 65 to 85 20 B85 max 60 20 40
1 A F593B ⁄ to 11⁄2 , incl
14 75 to 100 30 B65 to 95 70 30 30
43
(303, 304, CW1 F593C ⁄ to 5⁄8 , incl
14 100 to 150 65 B95 to C32 95 60 20
304 L, 305, CW2 F593D 3⁄4 to 11⁄2 , incl 85 to 140 45 B80 to C32 80 40 25
384, SH1 F593A 1⁄4 to 5⁄8 , incl 120 to 160 95 C24 to C36 115 90 12
XM1, SH2 F593B 3⁄4 to 1, incl 110 to 150 75 C20 to C32 105 70 15
18-9LW,
302HQ, SH3 F593C 11⁄8 to 11⁄4 , incl 100 to 140 60 B95 to C30 95 55 20
303Se)
SH4 F593D 1 ⁄ to 1 ⁄ , incl
38 12 95 to 130 45 B90 to C28 90 40 28
3
A F593F 14⁄ to 11⁄2 , incl 75 to 100 30 B65 to 95 70 30 30
CW1 F593G 1⁄4 to 5⁄8 , incl 100 to 150 65 B95 to C32 95 60 20
2
G CW2 F593H 3⁄4 to 11⁄2 , incl 85 to 140 45 B80 to C32 80 40 25
(316, SH1 F593E 1⁄4 to 5⁄8 , incl 120 to 160 95 C24 to C36 115 90 12
316L) SH2 F593F 3⁄4 to 1, incl 110 to 150 75 C20 to C32 105 70 15
SH3 F593G 11⁄8 to 11⁄4 , incl 100 to 140 60 B95 to C30 95 55 20
SH4 F593H 13⁄8 to 11⁄2 , incl 95 to 130 45 B90 to C28 90 40 28
3
A F593K 14⁄ to 11⁄2 , incl 75 to 100 30 B65 to 95 70 30 30
3
(321, 347) G CW1
CW2
F593L
F593M
1⁄4 to 5⁄8 , incl
Thread Diameter, in. Thread Length, in. 120 000 lbf (535 kN) shall be tested full-size and shall meet the
0.75 or less 2.25 D or longer full size tensile (minimum and maximum) and yield strength
Over 0.75 3 D or longer
properties in Table 2. When equipment of sufficient capacity
and a breaking load of 120 000 lbf (535 kN) or less shall be tested full size and
shall meet the full-size tensile (minimum and maximum) and yield strength re-
for such tests is not available, or if excessive length of the
quirements in Table 2 for the specified alloy. fasteners makes full-size testing impractical, use of standard or
7.3 Fasteners having a nominal thread diameter-length com- round specimens that meet the “machined specimen test tensile
bination in accordance with 7.2 and a breaking load exceeding properties” in Table 2 is permitted. In the event of discrepancy
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Mon Oct 3 10:37:26 EDT 2011
4
Downloaded/printed by
Universadad Santiago de Chile pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.
F593 – 02 (2008)
TABLE 3 Mechanical Test Requirements for Bolts and StudsA
Item Nominal Length Tensile Load, lbf Full-Size Tests Machined Specimen Tests
Diameters ⁄ in. Diameters Over ⁄
34 34 Wedge Axial Tensile Yield Rockwell Tensile Yield Elongation
and Less in. Tensile Strength Strength Hardness Strength Strength
Strength
B B B B
Square and hex less than 21⁄4 D less than 3D all Option A Option B Option C
B B B B B
bolts and hex 21⁄4 D and longer 3D and longer 120 000 max mandatory mandatory
B B
cap screws over 120 000 Option A Option A Option B Option B Option B
B B B B B
Studs and other less than 21⁄4 D less than 3D all Option A Option B
B B B B B
bolts 21⁄4 D and longer 3D and longer 120 000 max mandatory mandatory
B B
over 120 000 Option A Option A Option B Option B Option B
A
Where options are given, all the tests under an option shall be performed. Option A, Option B, and Option C indicates manufacturer may perform all Option A (full-size),
all Option B (machined specimen), or all Option C tests whichever is preferred. Option A tests should be made whenever feasible.
B
Tests that are not mandatory.
C
Special fasteners are those fasteners with special configurations including drilled heads, reduced body, etc., that are weaker than the threaded section. Special
fasteners having full-size heads shall be tested as specified for studs and other bolts.
or dispute between test results obtained from full-size finished capable of passing the test for susceptibility to intergranular
fasteners and standard or round specimens, the referee method corrosion as specified in Practice E of Practices A262.
shall be tests performed on full-size finished fasteners. 8.1.2 As stated in Practice A262, samples may be subjected
7.4 Fasteners that are too short (lengths less than that to the faster and more severe screening test in accordance with
specified in 7.2 (see Test Methods F606 and Table 4); have Practice A. Failing Practice A, specimens shall be tested in
insufficient threads for tension; or have drilled or undersized accordance with Practice E and be considered satisfactory if
heads, drilled or reduced bodies, and so forth, that are weaker passing Practice E.
than the thread section, shall not be subject to tension tests but
shall conform to the hardness (minimum and maximum) 9. Dimensions
requirements of Table 2. 9.1 Bolts and Hex Cap Screws:
9.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, the dimensions shall be in
8. Corrosion Resistance accordance with the requirements of ASME B18.2.1 for hex
8.1 Carbide Precipitation: cap screws (finished hex bolts).
8.1.1 Rod, bar, and wire in the austenitic Alloy Groups 1, 2, 9.1.2 When specified, the dimensions of bolts shall be in
and 3, except the free-machining grades, 303 and 303Se, used accordance with the requirements of ASME B18.2.1 (type as
to make fasteners in accordance with this specification shall be specified), or such other dimensions shall be specified.
⁄ (0.5625)
9 16 12 0.1820 18 0.2030 ... ...
⁄ (0.625)
58 11 0.2260 18 0.2560 ... ...
3⁄4 (0.750) 10 0.3340 16 0.3730 ... ...
7⁄8 (0.875) 9 0.4620 14 0.5090 ... ...
1.000 8 0.6060 12 0.6630 ... ...
F
As 5 0.7854 D 2
0.9743
n G2
where:
As = tensile stress area, in.2,
D = nominal size (basic major diameter), in., and
n = number of threads per inch.
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Mon Oct 3 10:37:26 EDT 2011
5
Downloaded/printed by
Universadad Santiago de Chile pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.
F593 – 02 (2008)
9.2 Studs—Dimensions of studs including double-end 12.1.2.2 Products that have been hot worked shall be
clamping and double-end interference shall be as specified by solution annealed and tested to determine freedom from
the purchaser. precipitated carbides. Not less than one corrosion test shall be
9.3 Threads—Unless otherwise specified, the bolts, cap made from each lot. Corrosion tests shall be performed in
screws, and studs shall have Class 2A threads in accordance accordance with Practice A262, Practices A or E as applicable.
with ASME B1.1. 12.2 Retests:
9.4 Points—Unless otherwise specified, the points shall be 12.2.1 When tested in accordance with the required sam-
flat and chamfered or rounded, at the option of the manufac- pling plan, a lot shall be subject to rejection if any of the test
turer. specimens fail to meet the applicable test requirements.
12.2.2 If the failure of a test specimen is due to improper
10. Workmanship and Finish preparation of the specimen or to incorrect testing technique,
10.1 Workmanship—The fasteners shall have a workman- the specimen shall be discarded and another specimen substi-
like finish, free of injurious burrs, seams, laps, irregular tuted.
surfaces, and other defects affecting serviceability. 13. Significance of Numerical Limits
10.2 Cleaning and Descaling—The fasteners shall be des-
caled or cleaned, or both, in accordance with Specification 13.1 For the purposes of determining compliance with the
A380. specified limits for properties listed in this specification, an
10.3 Protective Finishes—Unless otherwise specified, the observed value or calculated value shall be rounded in accor-
fasteners shall be furnished without an additive chemical or dance with Practice E29.
metallic finish. 14. Test Specimens
14.1 Chemical Tests—When required, samples for chemical
11. Sampling
analysis shall be taken by drilling, sawing, milling, turning,
11.1 A lot, for the purposes of selecting test specimens, shall clipping, or other such methods capable of producing repre-
consist of not more than 100 000 pieces offered for inspection sentative samples.
at one time having the following common characteristics: 14.2 Mechanical Tests:
11.1.1 One type of item (that is, bolts, hex cap screws, studs, 14.2.1 Specimens shall be full size or machined in accor-
etc.), dance with 7.2 through 7.4. Machined specimens, when
11.1.2 Same alloy and condition, required, shall be machined from the fastener in accordance
11.1.3 One nominal diameter and thread series, with Test Methods F606.
11.1.4 One nominal length, 14.2.2 The hardness shall be determined on the finished
11.1.5 Produced from one heat of material, and fastener in accordance with Test Methods F606.
11.1.6 Heat treated under the same conditions as to time and 14.3 Corrosion Resistance—Test specimens shall be pre-
temperature. pared in accordance with Practices A262.
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Mon Oct 3 10:37:26 EDT 2011
6
Downloaded/printed by
Universadad Santiago de Chile pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.
F593 – 02 (2008)
15.2.4 The hardness shall be determined in accordance with identifying the manufacturer. In addition, they shall be marked
Test Methods F606. A minimum of two readings shall be made with the alloy/mechanical property marking in accordance with
on each sample, each of which shall conform to the specified Table 2. The manufacturer may at his option add the specific
requirements. stainless alloy designation from Table 1. However, marking of
15.3 Corrosion Resistance—When specified on the pur- the stainless alloy designation does not signify compliance
chase order or inquiry, corrosion tests to determine freedom with this specification. The marking shall be raised or de-
from precipitated carbides shall be performed in accordance pressed at the option of the manufacturer.
with Practice A262, Practice A or E as applicable.
19. Packaging and Package Marking
16. Rejection and Rehearing
19.1 Packaging:
16.1 Unless otherwise specified, any rejection based on tests 19.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, packaging shall be in
specified herein and made by the purchaser shall be reported to accordance with Practice D3951.
the manufacturer within 30 working days from the receipt of 19.1.2 When special packaging requirements are required
the product by the purchaser. by the purchaser, they shall be defined at the time of inquiry
17. Certification and Test Reports and order.
17.1 Certificate of Compliance—Unless otherwise specified 19.2 Package Marking—Each shipping unit shall include or
in the purchase order, the manufacturer shall furnish certifica- be plainly marked with the following:
tion that the product was manufactured and tested in accor- 19.2.1 ASTM specification,
dance with this specification and the customer’s order and 19.2.2 Alloy number,
conforms to all specified requirements. 19.2.3 Alloy/mechanical property marking,
17.2 Test Reports—When specified on the order, the manu- 19.2.4 Size,
facturer shall furnish a test report showing the chemical 19.2.5 Name and brand or trademark of manufacturer,
analysis of the fasteners and the results of the last completed 19.2.6 Number of pieces,
set of mechanical tests for each lot of fasteners in the shipment. 19.2.7 Country of origin,
17.3 All certification shall indicate the purchase order num- 19.2.8 Date of manufacture,
ber and the applicable requirements of Section 3. 19.2.9 Purchase order number, and
19.2.10 Lot number, if applicable.
18. Product Marking
18.1 Individual Products—All products except studs 3⁄8 in. 20. Keywords
in diameter and smaller shall be marked with a symbol 20.1 bolts; general use; hex cap screws; stainless; studs
SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS
One or more of the following supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified by the
purchaser in the inquiry and order (see Section 3). Supplementary requirements shall in no way negate
any requirement of the specification itself.
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Mon Oct 3 10:37:26 EDT 2011
7
Downloaded/printed by
Universadad Santiago de Chile pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.
F593 – 02 (2008)
S4. Alloy Control S6. Permeability
S4.1 When Supplementary Requirement S4 is specified on S6.1 When Supplementary Requirement S6 is specified on
the inquiry and order, the manufacturer shall supply that alloy the inquiry and order, the permeability of bolts, hex cap screws,
specified by the customer on his order with no group substi- and studs of Alloy Groups 1, 2, and 3 in Conditions A or AF
tutions permitted without the written permission of the pur- shall not exceed 1.5 at 100 oersteds when determined in
chaser. accordance with Test Methods A342/A342M.
S7. Corrosion Resistance Tests
S5. Heat Control
S7.1 When Supplementary Requirement S7 is specified on
S5.1 When Supplementary Requirement S5 is specified on the inquiry and order, corrosion test(s) shall be performed as
the inquiry or order, the manufacturer shall control the product agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser at the
by heat analysis and identify the finished product in each time of the inquiry or order.
shipment by the actual heat number.
S5.2 When Supplementary Requirement S5 is specified on S8. Passivation
the inquiry and order, Supplementary Requirements S1 and S4 S8.1 When Supplementary Requirement S8 is specified on
shall be considered automatically invoked with the addition the inquiry or order, the finished product shall be passivated in
that the heat analysis shall be reported to the purchaser on the accordance with Practice A380 or Specification A967 at the
test reports. option of the manufacturer.
ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned
in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk
of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.
This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and
if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards
and should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the
responsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should
make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.
This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,
United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above
address or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or service@astm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website
(www.astm.org).
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Mon Oct 3 10:37:26 EDT 2011
8
Downloaded/printed by
Universadad Santiago de Chile pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.