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    2 πN 60 = 2 π (1200 rev) 60 = 40 π 18 μ

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    NUR ASYIQIN BINTI AZAHAR
    1. Centrifugation is more expensive than filtration but offers faster separation and higher efficiency. Key factors that influence its use are the nature of the material being separated, available separation techniques like speed and rotor design, and its function of separating materials based on density, size, and viscosity. 2. Centrifugal filtration can separate solids from liquids at the nano-particle level while centrifugal decantation separates immiscible liquids with small density differences. Advantages of decantation include reduced waste, a compact design for easy sealing, and use at high and low temperatures. 3. Given specifications of a tubular centrifuge, calculations show: a) the residence time for a biomass separation

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    2 πN 60 = 2 π (1200 rev) 60 = 40 π 18 μ

    Uploaded by

    NUR ASYIQIN BINTI AZAHAR
    214 views3 pages
    1. Centrifugation is more expensive than filtration but offers faster separation and higher efficiency. Key factors that influence its use are the nature of the material being separated, available separation techniques like speed and rotor design, and its function of separating materials based on density, size, and viscosity. 2. Centrifugal filtration can separate solids from liquids at the nano-particle level while centrifugal decantation separates immiscible liquids with small density differences. Advantages of decantation include reduced waste, a compact design for easy sealing, and use at high and low temperatures. 3. Given specifications of a tubular centrifuge, calculations show: a) the residence time for a biomass separation

    Original Title

    SEPARATION

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    1. Centrifugation is more expensive than filtration but offers faster separation and higher efficiency. Key factors that influence its use are the nature of the material being separated, available separation techniques like speed and rotor design, and its function of separating materials based on density, size, and viscosity. 2. Centrifugal filtration can separate solids from liquids at the nano-particle level while centrifugal decantation separates immiscible liquids with small density differences. Advantages of decantation include reduced waste, a compact design for easy sealing, and use at high and low temperatures. 3. Given specifications of a tubular centrifuge, calculations show: a) the residence time for a biomass separation

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    214 views3 pages

    2 πN 60 = 2 π (1200 rev) 60 = 40 π 18 μ

    Uploaded by

    NUR ASYIQIN BINTI AZAHAR
    1. Centrifugation is more expensive than filtration but offers faster separation and higher efficiency. Key factors that influence its use are the nature of the material being separated, available separation techniques like speed and rotor design, and its function of separating materials based on density, size, and viscosity. 2. Centrifugal filtration can separate solids from liquids at the nano-particle level while centrifugal decantation separates immiscible liquids with small density differences. Advantages of decantation include reduced waste, a compact design for easy sealing, and use at high and low temperatures. 3. Given specifications of a tubular centrifuge, calculations show: a) the residence time for a biomass separation

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    ASSIGNMENTS 2 SEPARATION 2

    1. Centrifuge may expensive compared to filtration method. Explain the factors influencing
    the usage of centrifuge.
     Nature of operation
    The particles are suspended in a liquid medium and placed in a centrifuge tube. The
    tube is then placed in a rotor and spun at a define speed. For example, in liquid-
    solid centrifugation, the heavier solids to the bottom creating a firm cake. The
    lighter mixture that stays above the cake is then decanted.
     Separation techniques
    There are 3 techniques of centrifugation includes micro-centrifugation, high speed
    centrifuges and ultra-centrifugation.
     Function
    Centrifugation is process that is used for separation of liquid, gas, or fluid according
    to their size, shape, density, viscosity of the medium and rotor speed.
     Efficiency
    Centrifugation is faster than another conventional type of separation. Rotation of
    the rotor about a central axis generates a centrifugal force upon the particles in the
    suspension. This will also increase the separation factor.

    2. Differentiate the advantages of centrifugal filtration and centrifugal decantation.

    Centrifugal filtration Centrifugal decantation


    Can separate solid from liquid in place of Can separate mixture of immiscible liquid
    pressure, sometimes to even nano-particle that has small density difference
    level
    Reduced waste
    Faster process
    Variation of speed of rotation can control Compact structure for easy seal, and can be
    the cake thickness used in high or low temperature.
    Pre coat of filter air could use to accelerate Can also separate insoluble solid from
    the filtration rate liquid

    3. The centrifugal separation of a biomass of 80 μm sized cells of density 1.04 kg m-3 was
    carried out in tubular centrifuge having a diameter of 15 cm and rotating at 1200 rev/min.

    i. Calculate the residence time if the distance between the liquid surface and the
    axis of rotation was 0.8 cm, the liquid density and the liquid viscosity were 1.0 kg
    m-3 and 0.013 g cm-1s-1 respectively.

    1200 rev
    2π( )
    2 πN min
    ω= = =40 π
    60 60

    18 μ
    t T=
    ω2 ¿ ¿
    g
    18 (0.013 )
    cm . s
    ¿
    ( 40 π )2 ( 0.04 ) g /c m 3 ¿ ¿

    ¿ 10.36 s

    ii. What would be the volumetric capacity of the centrifuge if its length was 40 cm

    ω 2 (ρs− ρ)d 2
    Q= [πl ( ro 2−r 12 ) ]
    r0
    18 μ ln ⁡( )
    r1

    g
    ( 40 π )2( 0.04 3
    )(0.008 cm)2
    cm
    ¿ [π ( 40 cm ) ( 7.52−0.8 2) cm2 ]
    g 7.5
    (
    18 0.013
    cm . s )
    ln ⁡(
    0.8
    )

    ¿ 539.43 cm3 /s

    iii. Calculate the Σ factor

    Q=v g Σ

    2 πl r 2 ω2
    ¿vg
    g

    2 π ( 40 cm) ( 7.5 cm )2 (40 ω)2


    Σ=
    980.665 cm/s 2

    ¿ 227646.74 cm 2

    ¿ 22.76 m 2

    iv. What will be the time required for centrifuging 1000 litres of broth

    V
    t T=
    Q

    (1 ×106 cm3)
    ¿
    539.43cm3 / s
    ¿ 1853.81 s
    ¿ 30.9 minutes

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