00 MediaStandard - Print - 2018

MediaStandard
Print 2018
Technical Guidelines for Data,
Proof and Production Run Printing
A
Imprint Imprint The following have contributed to the present
General Information and Overview

MediaStandard Print 2018 – Technical Guidelines publication:
for Data, Proof and Production Run Printing (PDF) Dieter Kleeberg (author), bvdm, Berlin
© 2016–2018 Bundesverband Druck und Medien e. V. Harry Belz, bvdm, Berlin
(bvdm) Prof. Florian Süßl,
Beuth-Hochschule für Technik, Berlin
Art.-No. 86 036
Roland von Oeynhausen,
Publisher: Otterbach Medien KG GmbH & Co., Rastatt
Bundesverband Druck und Medien e. V. (bvdm) Dr Hanno Hoffstadt and Jürgen Seitz,
Friedrichstraße 194–199 GMG GmbH & Co. KG, Tübingen
10117 Berlin
Germany Dr Michael Hansen,
www.bvdm-online.de Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG, Kiel
Thomas Hebes,
Design: Das Büro des Präsidenten, Berlin Prinovis GmbH & Co. KG, Nuremberg
MediaStandard Print is based on international Olaf Drümmer,

standards for standardized printing (ISO 12647 et al.) callas software GmbH, Berlin
and contains recommendations for standardized Ronny Willfahrt, Verband Druck und Medien
workflows and standard printing conditions together NordOst, Hanover and Berlin
with ICC profiles. The European Color Initiative (ECI)
and the bvdm have made a major contribution to the Frank Wipperfürth,
development of these profiles and they are based, Verband Druck + Medien Nord-West, Lünen
inter alia, on Fogra characterization data. It is sup- Wolfgang Totzauer,
ported by print and media federations in Europe and Verband Druck + Medien Bayern, Ismaning
globally.
This publication, including the individual contributions
We would like to thank the members of the Bundes- and illustrations, is protected by copyright. Any use
verband Druck und Medien MediaStandard Print beyond the strict limitations of copyright law is pro-
work group for their commitment. hibited without the prior agreement of the publisher
and is liable to civil action.
2
Contents A.2 — Page 10 Output processes for print production
(characterized reference printing conditions)
↘ New and still valid printing conditions for off
set printing incl. newspapers, publication gravure,
screen, flexo, typical digital printing methods
B.5 — Page 42 Softproof-to-Press (pressroom proof)
↘ Monitor validation, Data interpretation
and reconstruction, Adjusting the illuminace of
the viewing light to the monitor luminance
B.6 — Page 43 Production printing

A.3 — Page 17 Simulation of the production run ↘ Print control strips, Tone value increases
↘ Monitor proof, digital proof print (with
comparison of the CIELAB and CIEDE2000
colour difference formulae), press proof
C — Page 45 Appendix
A.4 — Page 21 Control means and resources
↘ wedges, control strips, test formes, C.1 — Page 45 Control means
indicators, display certification tools etc. ↘ Media wedge, print control strips
C.2 — Page 47 Viewing and measurement conditions

↘ Viewing, colour measurement, density
B — Page 22 Guidelines for the Delivery measurement, measurement modes
of Data and Proof Prints for Printing
C.3 — Page 49 Control of proof prints for colour
B.1 — Page 22 File formats accuracy and other criteria
↘ PDF/X, media-specific, media neutrala ↘ Classification/selection of proof print
and media specific, classic workflows substrates, media wedge evaluation, certifica-
tion of proof prints, printing systems and sub-
B.2 — Page 28 General guidelines (data, proof and strates, Lifespan
production prints)
↘ Screen, trim, tone value range/sum, colour C.4 — Page 53 Resources for use in prepress
composition, printing marks, black solids, and printing
Introduction — Page 4 trapping, grey balance, appraisal, completeness ↘ roman16 bvdm reference images, Altona Test
↘ Goals, Contents and Application, of the data, resolution of the image data Suite 2.0/2.0+, ECI/bvdm Gray Control Strip
2016/18 Edition, Validity, Limitations of use (GrayCon)
B.3 — Page 32 Proof print when supplying media
neutral data (e. g. eciRGB v2) C.5 — Page 62 Communication of paper properties
↘ Digital proof print, press proof ↘ ISO 15397
A — Page 7 General Information
and Overview B.4 — Page 33 Proof print when supplying print- C.6 — Page 63 Glossary
ready data (CMYK and spot colours)
A.1 — Page 7 Colour formats and working ↘ Printing conditions and generic ICC profiles, C.7 — Page 75 Bibliography and Internet sources
colour spaces characterization data, characteristic printing
↘ RGB, CIELAB, CMYK, CMYK + additional curves, solid colouring aim values and tolerances
colours, duplex, spot colours for press proofs and production printing
Introduction
Goals Contents and Application
Introduction
“Make printing simple” is the cry of the adver- MediaStandard Print contains information
tising industry, with its eye on products about the components that are necessary
that use various different printing methods for its correct application in the various
such as offset, gravure, newspaper, screen printing methods. Section A provides
and flexo, as well as digital. In response, a basic overview of colour and file formats
the Bundesverband Druck und Medien e. V. together with print production output
(bvdm) published its MediaStandard processes. Section B, the main section,
Print in 1998 and since then has regularly provides guidelines for the supply of data,
updated it. This standard provides a foun- proofs and press proofs for printing on
dation for smooth technical cooperation the basis of typical workflows. It includes
between customer, prepress supplier and aim value and tolerance tables for the
printer, making printed media more attrac- standard ISO 12647 printing conditions.
tive and competitive. Premedia operators Section C, the Appendix, explains control
and printers, print customers, scientists means as well as appraisal and measure-
and software developers have all contribut ment conditions. Operators are offered
ed to its drafting and updating under the further guidance through a comprehensive
auspices of the bvdm. glossary, tables, illustrations, bibliography
and sources of information. 4
About the base—the 2016 edition ICC profiles together with corresponding are clearly identified by means of version
Introduction
MediaStandard Print 2016 is more DeviceLink-Profiles and GrayCon files at number ‘v3’.
comprehensive than the 2010 edition. the end of September 2015. Since there Since film-based prepress workflows
The additional information, which are still only ICC profiles for some of the are no longer current, this edition no
primarily takes the form of numerous ISO printing conditions that came into longer deals with them (refer to Process-
new tables, should satisfy the increasing force in 2013, both the 2016 edition and the Standard Offset 2012 for these). Typical
demands on technical communication, 2018 edition feature both the two most digital printing scenarios have been included
which also encompasses other media important new printing conditions, 1 and in MediaStandard Print in their place.
besides print. Background information 5+, as well as the old printing conditions,
that is not absolutely vital is printed which continue to be widely used by the
in grey to differentiate it more clearly industry. To coincide with MediaStandard What is new in the 2018 edition?
from essential material. Cross references Print 2016, ProcessStandard Offset 2012 The bvdm is responding to changes in the
to the primary reference work, Process- (2016 Revision) and the Altona Test Suite current standardization process. Specifically,
Standard Offset, are also new. This is 2.0 2013 (2016 Update) were updated the following additions have been made:
and remains the fundamental basis for to include the two newly added standard • New ECI working colour space, i.e. the
standardized work in prepress and offset, offset printing conditions. eciCMYK CMYK exchange colour space
which is the leading printing method, Specifically, these two printing condi (Tables 1 and 7, Figure 4);
as well as for certification of the produc- tions are the first to take into account • SCTV Tone value (increase) curves for
tion process. the effect of optical brighteners, having spot colours in accordance with ISO 20654
Since MediaStandard Print 2016 will been drawn up and applied on the basis (A.1.3, Tables 2A and 2B, Glossary);
only be available as a PDF file, this edition of the physically correct proportion • CxF/X-4 generation and exchange of spot
is being published in a landscape format of UV in the measurement and viewing colour data in accordance with ISO 17972
so that entire pages of the document light. They offer a level of colour repro (Tables 2A, 2B and 12, C.2.2, Glossary);
can be displayed on computer screens and duction quality that has not previously • Separate 6-B standard printing condition
read without having to scroll and more been achieved by considerably improving with the PSO SC-B paper v3 (FOGRA54)
complex tables can be displayed without the agreement between measured ECI profile (Tables 3, 19C, 20 and 25);
having to rotate pages. values and the visual evaluation of proof • New ECI-PSR profiles for publication
The reason for the revision was the and production prints. The two new gravure (A2.2, Tables 4, 19C and 22);
widespread switch to the reliable new ICC profiles—for Premium (multiple) • PDF/X for variable digital print content in
printing conditions for offset printing coated, moderately brightened offset accordance with ISO 16612-2 PDF/VT and
(ISO 12647-2:2013). Initially, the two most paper and heavily brightened, uncoated, ISO 16613-1 PDF/VCR-1 (Tables 7 and 12);
important of these were released to the wood-free paper—are based on FOGRA51 • Fogra MultiColor MediaWedge 3.0
industry in the form of two generic ECI or FOGRA52 characterization data and (Table 11, B.4.2 and Figure 5C); 5
• New values for the white measurement their usability under production conditions. Guidelines for Data, Proof and Production
Introduction
backing (C.2.2) and more precise M0 The differences from the ISO aim values Printing” PDF file for operational purposes.
and M1 measurement modes (Table 27) for printing conditions 1 and 5, which are The user is entitled to forward the work
in accordance with the 2017 revision not typical of production practice and which in unaltered form for the purposes of
of ISO 13655:2009. have been replaced by the aim values from communication and the performance of
FOGRA51 and FOGRA52 characterization jobs to its business partners. This PDF file
In addition, a number of misprints have data that have been proven in practice, is available as a free download from the
been corrected (including figures in make clear that the ISO 12647-2:2013 bvdm website. The version that is currently
Tables 20 and 22), a number of statements approach conforms to production practice. available to download is always the one
have been made more precise or detailed As also explained in the 2016 Revision of that should be used (see Validity).
(e.g. Tables 6 and 29), the glossary has been ProcessStandard Offset, the “PSO Coated v3” It is not permitted to publicly distribute
expanded and the references and Internet and “PSO Uncoated v3 (FOGRA52)” standard the work in printed or in digital form,
sources revised. profiles therefore fulfil ISO 12647-2:2013. whether online or offline, or to do so through
Prepared by the ECI on the basis of con- presentations or to extract parts therefrom
sistent M1 characterization (FOGRA51, and to prepare them for other purposes.
Validity FOGRA52), these ICC profiles are compat It is expressly forbidden to prepare it for use
The 2016 edition (Art. No. 86036) ceases to ible with papers that are typical of the (e.g. by means of downloads) from publicly
be valid with the 2018 edition (same Art. No.) European market. Consequently, the aim accessible databases or websites of the
and is no longer available to download. values for the new 1 and 5+ printing condi user or other parties by third parties. In the
The standard printing conditions described tions published in the 2016 edition and the event of contravention the right of use shall
in the German 2010 edition that will be present 2018 edition in conjunction with the be null and void.
replaced by new standard printing condi ISO 12647-2-based 2016 revision of Process Despite careful preparation and check-
tions and those that will continue to be Standard Offset reflect the current state ing, the publisher accepts no liability for
valid are described in the 2016 edition as of international standardization. the correctness and completeness of the
well as the 2018 edition. This provides Please note: All references to Process- contents.
a clear indication of the altered reference Standard Offset and its 2016 Revision are
parameters such as standardized charac- related to explanations in German language.
teristic printing curves and the CIEDE2000
tolerances for digital proof printing.
The new ECI v3 ICC profiles have been Limitations of use
tested for a period of about 18 months The publisher (bvdm, Verband Druck und
in various printers in Germany, Austria and Medien) grants the user permission to use
Switzerland and optimized to ensure the “MediaStandard Print 2018 – Technical 6
A
A
General Information (Table 1). In the printing industry, only those

that relate to D50 (artifical daylight with a
and Overview colour temperature as close to 5000 kelvin

as possible) should be used on account of
the referenced CIE illuminant. Consequent-
This section systematically specifies and
ly, D65 referenced working colour spaces
describes the colour formats, the currently
such as AdobeRGB(1998) and sRGB(1999)—
characterized reference printing conditions
introduced into the workflow by many
as well as the simulation processes and
digital cameras —should be converted into
control means that are to be used. Relevant
a D50 working colour space at the start
further or specific details are to be found in
of the process chain. eciRGB_v2(2008) is
sections B and C.
suitable for this and, in any event, it is a
prerequisite for softproofing applications.
However, in a CMYK workflow a prior
conversion to eciRGB_v2 is not necessary,
A.1 — Colour formats and since each additional conversion step
working colour spaces can worsen the quality of the detail. Since
Essentially, colour data that have been different colour space profiles are pro-
standardized or that are linked to an ICC cessed in PDF/X-4, sRGB images can in
profile should be used. Colour data or principle be ‘fed through’.
portions with three and four component
are standardized, colour data with more →→See “ProcessStandard Offset 2012” A-111, B-7,
channels are not standardized. B-14, B-30ff, B-44ff for the handling of working
colour spaces.
A.1.1 — Three component colour data:

RGB and CIELAB
RGB data (red, green, blue) are generated
by digital cameras, scanners and output
neutral settings in image processing and
page design programs. Gamut and colour
space structure are defined by device
dependent RGB working colour spaces 7
Working colour space Publisher Process conditions Model Gamma Remarks
A
CIELAB(1976) Adobe, CIE device independent L*a*b* L* (“L Star”) only in Adobe Photoshop; the previous limitation to 8 bit/colour
(ICC device profiles channel no longer applies; largest possible working colour space, TABLE 1

unnecessary) which is why colour rendering and colour gradation problems
arise given the unstandardized methods for mapping to much Working colour spaces used
smaller output colour spaces in the printing industry
AdobeRGB(1998) Adobe device dependent RGB 2.2 different white point from D50 (D65); incomplete coverage
(jn cyan) of offset printing and many monitors
Wide-Gamut RGB device dependent RGB 2.2 extensive coverage of six and seven colour printing; small
deficits in cyan
sRGB(1999) HP, Microsoft device dependent RGB 2.2 different white point from D50 (D65); limited to 8 bit/colour
channel; too small for some professional monitors and offset
printing (deficits in yellow, green, cyan)
eciRGB_v1(1999) European Color device dependent RGB 1.8 replacement by eciRGB_v2 (ISO/TS 22028-4:2012) recommended
Initiative (ECI)
eciRGB_v2(2008) device dependent RGB L* (“L Star”) recommended working colour space; large enough to cover
the usual colour spaces (all printing methods, monitors, digital
cameras); required for softproofing
eciCMYK(2017) device dependent CMYK mean of exchange colour space suitable for digital printing that is
typical TVCs larger than all other printing colour spaces. Based on FOGRA53
characterization data
A.1.2 — Four component colour data: CMYK A.1.3 — Multi-component colour data: characterization. In flexo printing CMYK
The overwhelming majority of printed CMYK plus additional colours, duplex, data are often converted into two or
products are produced using the four spot colours three component separations in order to
‘process colours’ of cyan (C), magenta (M), Multi-component colour data (Table 2A save ink and to lay dominant colour
yellow (Y) and black (K, ‘key’). Four and 2B) are expected if the colour space tones down as purely as possible. Duplex
component colour data are therefore laid has been expanded by means of additional data are two channel data and can be
down in CMYK and can be linked to ICC colours. This involves either CMYK plus described as a special case of multi-channel
output profiles in the CMYK colour space spot colours, that is an expansion using colour data. Printing with spot colours
(Table 2A). It is also possible to use colour special colours as graphic design elements, was standardized in ISO 20654:2017/
space expanding ‘intensive process colours’ or a tone value separation of all colours Cor.1:2018 (SCTV) and is gradually being
in sheet-fed offset that can be printed into six or seven components. In the latter supported by means of colour measure-
with higher colour densities than normal case, the CMYK colours in question often ment device updates.
process colours. differ from process colours in that they
are spectrally optimized to complement →→See “ProcessStandard Offset 2012”
the additional colours. n-channel ICC A-161ff, B-38, B-61f, B-83, B-117 for the handling
profiles are necessary for the separation of spot colours 8
A
TABLE 2A

Colour data Channels Bit/Channel Bitmap Formats Vector, Object Formats Colour standards Monochrome
Colour data and
RGB 3 8, 16, 32 TIFF, JPEG, PNG Ai, EPS, InD, PDF, PDF/X-4p, (see Table 1) Greyscale
QXD, SVG preferred file formats
L*a*b* 3 8, 16 Ps, JPEG 2000, TIFF PDF CIELAB(1976) –
CMYK 4 8, 16, grey Ps, TIFF, JPEG Ai, EPS, InD, QXD, PDF, (see Table 20, 21, 22, 23) Greyscale sepa
also 32 PDF/X-1a, PDF/X-3, PDF/X-4 ration, poss. with
’grey profile‘
CMYK + graphic 4+n 8, 16 Ps, TIFF, JPEG Ai, EPS, InD, QXD, PDF/X-4 – Spot colours
spot colour(s) graphically screened
or not (line data)
K + screened spot n=2 16 Ps, TIFF, JPEG Ai, EPS, InD, QXD, PDF/X-4, spot colour data: CxF3 one greyscale
colours (‘duplex’, PDF/X-5n, PDF/X-6n resp. CxF/X-4 (Table 2B); and one SCTV
‘duotone’) TVCs: SCTV separation
CMYKRG (Multi n=6 Ps, TIFF, JPEG 2000 Ai, EPS, InD, QXD, PDF/X-5n, proprietary, eg. Pantone; –
colour 6c, e.g. PDF/X-6n pre-built n-colour ICC
‘hexachrome’) profiles; spot colours:
CxF3 resp. CxF/X-4
CMYKRGB n=7
( Table 2B); TVCs: SCTV
(Multi-colour 7c)
CcMmYyKk n=8 LFP inkjet inks with pro-
prietary process colours
and light colours
only spot colours n = 2, 3 TIFF in Offset and Ai, ArtPro, PDF/X-5n, PDF/X-6n colour data: CxF3 –
Flexo printing resp. CxF/X-4 (Table 2B);
TVCs: SCTV
9
Process Description
A
Generation of spot colour data CxF/X-4 colour measurement data (CIELAB or spectral) must be
generated on the substrate that will subsequently be used for printing.
A reference printing condition contains

CxF/X-4 colour measurement data captured by means of a graduated • the printing method (e.g. offset printing),
series of measurements in measurement mode M0 or (fundamentally
better) M1 in accordance with ISO 13655: • the substrate categories (e.g. premium-
•F ull CxF/X-4: solid colours on substrate as well as at least 3 different
coated white), plus, if necessary,
(11 recommended) tone values in each case on substrate (including
its colouring) and on black background; the grammage range (e.g. 80 g/m² to
•C xF/X-4a: solid colours on substrate as well as at least 3 different
(11 recommended) tone values on substrate (including its colouring);
250 g/m²), the gloss (e.g. matt) and,
• CxF/X-4b: solid colours on substrate. since 2013, also the brightener content
Colour measurement devices with an SCTV function can use CxF/X-4a (e.g. moderate),
measurement values to calculate the tone value curves for spot colours
from both CIELAB and spectral data without doing so via CxF3.
• for periodic screens a permitted range
Forwarding and use of spot There must be an interface for exporting (colour measurement device,
of screen rulings (e.g. 60/cm to 80/cm),
colour data by means software), importing or embedding (application, e.g. PDF workflow) for non-periodic screens the diameter
of a CxF3-data container the CxF3 file.
of the smallest dot (e.g. 20 µm).
In the PDF/X-4 workflow only the CxF/X-4 CIELAB colour data from
the CxF3 container are interpreted.
CxF/X-4 spectral data can only be interpreted from PDF/X-6 onwards.
The following are assigned to a reference
printing condition
CxF/X-4-CIELAB data can currently be imported and exported from
Adobe Illustrator CS6, with Illustrator palettes being retained in the • the characteristic printing curves for
optional PDF/X-5n workflow.
the primary colours (e.g. A) and
The interpretation of CxF/X-4 spectral data in n-channel ICC profiling • the L*a*b* values for the solid primary
tools, colour proof printing software and workflow applications as well
as in colour palettes of image processing, graphics and page design and secondary colours (see Table 3,
software is still in its early stages.
19a/b/c and 20, 21, 22, 23).
TABLE 2B
Exchange of spot colour The printed result of the described
data with CxF/X-4 in accor reference printing condition in question
dance with ISO 17972-4 can be characterized by
A.2 — Output processes for • the characterization data measured by
a spectrophotometer for a colour chart
print production (characterized
produced under printing condition in
reference printing conditions) question in accordance with ISO 12647-2
Standard printing conditions for the (e.g. FOGRA51), and
various printing methods are defined in • an ICC output profile generated from
ISO 12647, and the parts of this standard it (e.g. the standard “PSO Coated v3”
are regularly revised. profile) (see Table 3 and 19a/b/c).
10
A
A.2.1 — Offset printing: standard printing At the end of September 2015, after Group (WOWG) has been examining the

conditions in accordance with 2016 revision a year and a half of printing trials, the existing heatset standard profiles in terms
of ProcessStandard Offset bvdm and its partners the ECI, Fogra and of need (i.e. the significance of the differ-
ISO 12647-2:2013 redefines and rearranges ugra released two ICC output profiles ences between M0 and M1 characterization
the standard offset printing conditions. that reflect industrial practices for the two with little brightening), market relevance
For the first time these take into account most important new printing conditions. (distribution of the papers), brightening
the typical optical brightener content of The two new v3 standard profiles—namely (assignment to the new printing substrates)
the various offset printing papers. The aim ‘PSO Coated v3’ and ‘PSO Uncoated v3 with a view to determining the necessity
of this has been to achieve the long-demand- (FOGRA52)’ for sheet-fed offset printing and possibility of replacing or supple
ed better match between the visual and and heatset web offset printing—have now menting them with new heatset standard
quantitative evaluation of optically bright- replaced the corresponding old standard profiles. At the end of August 2017 the
ened production and proof prints. profiles. Assignment of the number 5+ to ECI WOWG published its first profile, the
The technical requirements have been the printing condition for ‘Uncoated, wood- M1-based PSO SC-B Paper v3 (FOGRA54)
satisfied since about 2012—the availability free white paper’ indicates that it is a profile for heatset web offset and super-
of light sources that correspond more printing condition in its own right because calendered B substrate. This does not cover
closely to the D50 CIE illuminant, especial- ISO printing substrate 5 exhibits paper SC-A. Consequently the existing M0-based
ly in the proportion of UV (ISO 3664:2009, colouring with too little brightening that SC paper profile remains valid alongside it.
confirmed 2015), and of M1 measurement is not typical of industry practice. The bvdm Table 3 shows which old and new printing
mode spectrophotometers (ISO 13655:2009, considers the aforementioned standard conditions are valid.
minor 2017 revision)—in order to be able to profiles to be the only practical profiles and Free-of-charge download of the new
more effectively evaluate the UV-stimulated recommends them as the basis for applica- v3 profiles, including DeviceLink profiles:
fluorescence, the physical effect of which is tion in practice in accordance with Process- www.eci.org/en/downloads#eci_offset_
a brightening in the visible spectrum. Standard Offset 2012, Revision 2016. profiles_current_versions. The ‘WAN-IFRA
The old paper types together with the Due to insufficient use in the past, the newspaper26v5’ profile replaced the old
additional heatset web offset conditions ECI has not generated new v3 standard ‘ISO Newspaper 26’ profile in mid 2015
have been redefined and arranged by the profiles for tone value sums of 330 % in line with ISO 12647-3. The coldset printing
ISO standard as eight printing substrates. or 320 % as well as for non-periodic and condition is included in ProcessStandard
Continuous forms papers are no longer fine screens. Offset as C8.
separately specified and the printing con For the time being, the other current
ditions for positive and negative plate- heatset web offset printing conditions
making from film originals have also been continue to be valid. Subject to the avail
removed, since they have been completely ability of personnel resources, since
supplanted by CtP. January 2016 the ECI Web Offset Working 11
A
TABLE 3

New printing conditions and ones that continue to be valid or used in parallel
in accordance with the 2016 revision of ProcessStandard Offset; the inks
conform to ISO 2846-1 for sheet-fed offset and heatset web offset as well
as ISO 2846-2 for coldset web offset; for tone value sums and increases
see Table 19a, b and c; for primary and secondary colour aim values see Table 21
Printing method Paper classification Characterization data: ‘standard profiles’; validity

coated papers
Sheet-fed offset and Printing substrate 1 (new): premium coated; FOGRA51: ‘PSO Coated v3’;
heatset web offset moderate brightening, 80…250 g/m2; replaces all profiles that were generated with M0-based
characterization data FOGRA39, FOGRA43 and FOGRA31;
typical:
• WFC (Wood-Free Coated) glossy, semi-matt, matt; for CMYK-CMYK conversion at delivery/forwarding of old
•H WC (High Weight Coated), v2 profiles the ECI offers the following profiles
• s ome MWC (Medium Weight Coated) ‘ISO Coated v2 to PSO Coated v3 (DeviceLink)’ and
‘PSO Coated v3 to ISO Coated v2 (DeviceLink)’
limited, since brightening somewhat lower:
• coated folding box board (GG, G-grades)
Paper type 1/2 (old): illustration printing glossy/matt; replaced by printing substrate 1 (new, Fogra51):
>70 g/m² • FOGRA39, periodic screens:
‘ISO Coated v2 (ECI)’ and ‘ISO Coated v2 300 (ECI)’;
• FOGRA43, non-periodic screens:
‘PSO Coated NPscreenISO 12647 (ECI)’ and
‘PSO Coated 300 NPscreenISO 12647 (ECI)’;
• FOGRA31, continuous forms offset:
‘ISO Continuous Forms Coated’ (no longer in use)
Heatset web offset Paper type LWC-I (old), printing substrate 2 (new): FOGRA45: ‘PSO LWC Improved (ECI)’;
improved; low brightening, 51…80 g/m2; remains valid for the time being
typical:
• some MWC (Medium Weight Coated),
• LWC-I (LWC Improved)
Paper type LWC-S (old), printing substrate 3 (new): FOGRA46: ‘PSO LWC Standard (ECI)’;
standard glossy; low brightening, 48…70 g/m2; remains valid for the time being
typical:
• LWC glossy, some semi-matt;
Printing substrate 4 (new): standard matt/semi-matt; FOGRA41: ‘PSO MFC Paper (ECI)’;
low brightening, 48…70 g/m2; remains valid for the time being
typical:
• MFC (Machine Finished Coated),
• some LWC semi-matt
12
↘ Continued on the next page
A
↖ Continued from previous page

Printing method Paper classification Characterization data: ‘standard profiles’; validity
uncoated papers
Sheet-fed offset and Printing substrate 5+ (new): wood-free uncoated white FOGRA52: ‘PSO Uncoated v3 (FOGRA52)’;
heatset web offset paper; strong brightening, 70…250 g/m2; replaces all profiles that were generated with the M0-based
characterization data
the ‘+’ indicates a stronger brightening of the average, • FOGRA47,
market representative paper colouring than specified • FOGRA44,
in ISO 12647-2; • FOGRA32 and
typical: • FOGRA30
• WFU (Wood-Free Uncoated)
limited, since brightening somewhat lower:
• uncoated folding box board (U grades)
Paper type 4 (old): Uncoated, wood-free white paper; The following are replaced by printing substrate 5+
>70 g/m² (new, FOGRA52):
• FOGRA47, periodic screens:
‘PSO Uncoated ISO12647 (ECI)’;
• FOGRA44, non-periodic screens:
‘PSO Uncoated NPscreenISO 12647 (ECI)’;
• FOGRA32, continuous forms offset:
‘ISO Continuous Forms Uncoated’ (no longer in use)
Heatset web offset Paper type 5 (old): uncoated paper, yellowish; FOGRA30: ‘ISO Uncoated Yellowish’;
typical: book printing not relevant for four colour printing, deleted and not replaced
Paper type SC (old), printing substrate 6 (new): SC paper; FOGRA40: ‘SC Paper (ECI)’;
low brightening, highly calendered, 38 to 60 g/m2; remains valid for the time being, particularly for SC-A papers
typical: FOGRA54: ‘PSO SC-B Paper v3 (FOGRA54)’;
• SC-A, SC-B (new: 6-B) replaces FOGRA40 ‘SC Paper (ECI)’ when SC-B papers are
being printed
Paper type INP (old), printing substrate 7 (new): FOGRA48: ‘PSO INP Paper (ECI)’;
improved newsprint; weak brightening, 40…56 g/m2; remains valid for the time being
typical:
• UMI (Uncoated Mechanical Improved),
• INP (Improved News Print)
Paper type SNP (old), printing substrate 8 (new): FOGRA42: ‘PSO SNP Paper (ECI)’
Standard News Print; weak brightening, 40…52 g/m2, (deliberately based on black instead of white measurement
newsprint for heatset backing and for reasons of consistency it continues to be unsup-
ported by ProcessStandard Offset and MediaStandard Print)
Coldset web offset C8 (new printing substrate): Standard News Print; IFRA26: ‘WAN-IFRAnewspaper26v5’
‘C8’ stands for paper category 8 as newsprint for coldset has replaced ‘ISO Newspaper 26’ (‘26v4’) since 07-2015
13
A
A.2.2 — Publication gravure: printing TABLE 4

conditions in accordance with ECI Process- Gravure printing conditions in accordance with ECI ProcessStandard
Standard Rotogravure 2009, Update 2018 Rotogravure 2009 and update 2018; see Table 19a; for tone value sums and
For four of five papers, their M0-based increases; see Table 22 for the primary and secondary colour aim values.
characterization data and standard
profiles for publication gravure will be Printing method Paper classification 2009 ECI profiles (M0) 2018 ECI profiles (M1)
supplemented by M1-based standard Publication LWC Plus PSR LWC PLUS V2 PT PSR LWC PLUS V2 M1
gravure
profiles; both M0- and M1-based profiles LWC Standard PSR LWC STD V2 PT PSR LWC STD V2 M1
are compliant with the slightly revised SC Plus PSR SC Plus V2 PT PSR SC Plus V2 M1 (from mid year)
ISO 12647-4:2014 (Table 4) standard. SC Standard PSR SC STD V2 PT PSR SC STD V2 M1
Packaging gravure including heavily News Plus PSR gravure MF (not replaced)
finished sheet-fed gravure is, like flexo,

not universally standardizable.
A.2.3 — Screen printing: printing conditions TABLE 5

in accordance with ISO 12647-5 Screen printing conditions in accordance with ISO 12647-5:2014;
Standardized four colour screen printing see Table 23 for primary and secondary colour aim values
has lost a great deal of importance,
with screen printing increasingly estab Printing method Classification
lishing itself as a high quality industrial Screen printing Gamut classes
printing method. ISO 12647-5:2015 1 low gamut
describes gamut classes, ink categories 2 medium gamut (offset oriented)
and coloration tolerances for white 3 large gamut
substrates (Tables 5 and 23), that are Coloration tolerance for white substrates (ISO 13655, wb, M1)
not supported by the tone value control 90 ≤ L* ≤ 100 –3 ≤ a* ≤ +3 –5 ≤ b* ≤ +5
required by the standard due to the Ink categories
reference to IDEAllance G7, which is not 1 water-based UV inks conventional inks solvent-based inks
current in Europe. Since there are no 2 conventional UV inks water-based inks air-dried inks
standard ICC profiles, ECI offset profiles

can be used as an alternative.
14
A
A.2.4 — Flexo: printing conditions in process. High resolution, laser-based plate ISO 12647-6:2012 describes screen

accordance with ISO 12647-6 imaging technologies have now enabled ruling dependent tone value tolerances, the
Flexo is a printing method that can only be flexo to close the quality gap between it coloration tolerance for white substrates
standardized to a very limited degree and gravure and offset. In practice, numer and ink categories (Table 6). The standard
because of the need to print on a very wide ous inks are used in non-standardizable is largely irrelevant for data exchange.
variety of packaging materials. Flexo is spot colour colour tones and in some cases Independently of this, there are numerous
seen as a finishing rather than a printing with special substitution models for separate standards for inks and substrates
method fine for flexible packaging mate colour separations with fewer than four with special physical and chemical proper-
rials within an overall packaging production process colours. ties, which cannot be dealt with here.
TABLE 6
Printing method Classification
Flexo printing conditions
Flexo Tone value tolerances for the plate depending upon screen ruling
in accordance with ISO
1 screen rulings ≤ 48/cm: tone values ≤ 10 % ± 1 %, over ± 2 %
12647-6:2012; aim values
2 screen rulings > 48/cm: tone values ≤ 10 % ± 2 %, over ± 3 %
for primary and secondary
Coloration tolerance for white substrate (ISO 13655, wb, M1)
colours are not defined.
L* > 88 –3 ≤ a* ≤ +3 –5 ≤ b* ≤ +5
Ink categories
1 UV inks solvent-based inks water-based inks
2 non-light-fast inks light-fast inks
PDF/X conformity of flexo-typical colour separation models
1 PDF/X-4, -4p: CMYK
2 PDF/X-5n, -6n: CMYK + spot colour(s), CMYK + Orange, Green, Violet (extended
colour space with fixed colour palette), CMYK substituted by 2 or 3 spot colours
(by means of ink formulation and concentrate mixing system)
Deviation and variation tolerances in printing processes (for practical suitability
of ΔE*00 see Table 28)
1 K: deviation tolerances ΔL* < 5 and ΔC*ab < 3
2 CMY: deviation tolerances Δhab < 6; variation tolerances ΔE*00 < 2
3 Palettes (OGV), spot colours: deviation tolerances Δhab < 8;
variation tolerances ΔE*00 < 1,5
15
Application Working colour spaces; criteria Workflow Exchange data quality
A
1a Combined with offset eciRGB_v2; printing substrate 1 (new) or paper as offset Composite: PDF/X‐1a, PDF/X‐4
or in approximation type 1/2 (old) – see Table 3, with film finishing see (without TABLE 7

to offset colour space Table 19b platemaking)
Typical applications for
1b eciRGB_v2; printing substrate 5+ (new) or paper
type 4 (old) – see Table 3 digital printing methods
2 Digital printing with Adobe Wide-Gamut RGB, Full Gamut RGB, as offset or Composite: PDF/X‐1a, PDF/X‐4;
expanded colour space eciCMYK (FOGRA53) media specific TIFF or TIFF/IT: RGB, n-colour
3 Large format printing Outdoor or indoor locations; resolution dependent as offset or Composite: PDF/X‐1a, PDF/X‐4;
(LFP) on size or viewing distance; ink system dependent media specific TIFF or TIFF/IT: RGB, n-Color
on light-fastness, substrate and gamut; FOGRA39/ (300 ppi, often 180 ppi)
‘ISO Coated v2 (ECI)’
4a Photobook Amateur market: sRGB, AdobeRGB; web-supported consumer Files from MS Office,
layout production; printing substrate 5+ (new) web-to-print digital cameras or smartphone,
or paper type 4 (old ‘glossy’) – see Table 3 medium resolution
4b Pro market: RAW-RGB, eciRGB_v2; professional as offset or TIFF or TIFF/IT:
layout production; printing substrate 1 (new) media specific RGB (min. 300 ppi)
or paper type 1/2 (old) – see Table 3
5 Fine Art Printing CIELAB, Full RGB, RAW-RGB, eciRGB_v2; media specific
(Photo poster, Giclée) high quality materials (eg. canvas) and methods
(multi-colour-inkjet), short runs
6a Variable Data Transactional printing: b/w or CMYK; mainly text as offset or PDF/X-4, variable template and
Printing (invoices, media specific data base for PDF/VT-1, -2
advertising mailings,
6b CMYK printing: eciRGB_v2, eciCMYK, VDP design file with variable
label, packaging)
other CMYK profiles template, for PDF/X-4 generated
in PDF/VCR-1 RIP
A.2.5 — Digital printing methods or indirect, whether sheet or reel fed, and
The term digital printing encompasses in printing on flexible or rigid materials,
an array of dynamic printing technologies. as well as in industrial applications.
These differ from each other either There are no reference printing conditions
in using a temporarily generated and for digital printing.
deletable charge profile on the forme If dynamic printing technologies are
cylinder (e.g. electrophotography) or the intended to supplement static printing
temporary addressing of an array of methods (A.2.1 to A.2.4) and therefore to
activatable elements instead of a forme print on similar papers, then statically
(e.g. inkjet and thermal sublimation and dynamically printed products should
printing). They also differ in whether the exhibit as little difference in colour render-
transfer of the printing image is direct ing as possible when directly compared. 16
A
Consequently, it is recommended that A.3 — Simulation of the Such softproofing systems are

files for digitally printed products should made up of the following components
production run
be forwarded with a standard offset • one or more wide gamut flat screens
printing profile that corresponds to the that are shielded as effectively as
printing substrate being used or that is possible from ambient light and with
A.3.1 — Monitor proof
widely distributed (Table 7). hardware that can be calibrated,
The printed result should be simulated on
This embedded standard profile primar • monitor controls,
the monitor by means of a suitable colour
ly serves as an exchange profile, i.e. the • ICC monitor profiles,
management solution. Frequently, this
digital printing service provider uses colour • dimmable appraisal lighting,
will be done as early as the creation and
management, e.g. a DeviceLink Profile, • a spectral measurement device.
premedia phase whilst the page data
to suitably adjust it for the characteristics
are being generated and edited in order
of the press in question. The simulation must take place under
to check the anticipated visual effect.
When forwarding files for printing calibrated and ICC characterized
In order to save the proof or press proof
on n-channel inkjet printing systems conditions and standard printing condition
production and delivery costs, it is also
that support process colours with light profiles (Table 8) are used for this.
possible to proof the pages that are to be
colours, it may be advantageous to
printed on a monitor on the press control
use media neutral (RGB) preparation. →→See “ProcessStandard Offset 2012” A-36ff, B-10f,
desk (‘softproof-to-press’, ‘pressroom
It is recommended that data exchange B-48ff, B-85ff as well as the “2016 revision”,
proof’). This technology places extreme
be based on an agreement or the Ch. 4.2. for monitor and lighting requirements,
demands on the monitor and lighting.
individual technical specifications of the softproof scenarios, aim values and tolerances
It is primarily encountered in heatset web
printing company.
offset but also in newspaper and sheet-
fed offset printing, as well as in packaging
and industrial printing.
17
Criteria Contents
A
ISO 12646:2015 – Properties of colour proofing monitors
Device class A like B, plus angle dependent gradation stability ΔY(TRC) < 10 % TABLE 8

Device class B angle dependent colour differences ΔE00 < 10 – in the individual Standards and criteria for the use of monitors for the
colour tone, chroma and lightness differences
visual simulation of the printed result and—in conjunction
Homogeneity Stability of colour rendering (ΔE00 < 4) and gradation over
the surface (normative), pixel error class 0 in accordance with with the viewing lighting—for the comparison of the
ISO 9241-307 (informative) monitor proof with reflection copy originals and printed
Warming up behaviour Time to achieve stable, reproducible properties after switching copies; suitable products can be certified by Fogra
on (informative)
ISO 14861:2015 – Requirements for softproofing systems
Suitability of monitors Wide gamut flat screens in device classes A and B with
hardware that can be calibrated.
Monitor measurements Use of spectral measurement devices, inclusion of the A.3.2 — Digital colour proof printing
surroundings (tele-spectroradiometry)
(digital proof)
Monitor profiling Suitability of spectral measurement devices (bandwidth &
Film-based production has been very
scanning rate), pos. incl. surroundings (tele-spectroradiometry)
Standard illuminant ISO 3664:2009 – Viewing conditions (here in relation to D50
largely replaced by filmless computer-to-
and geometry standard illuminat in booths and workplaces for comparison plate technologies and digital proof
with originals in creation/prepress or with printed copies in soft-
proof-to-press applications)
printing (digital proofs) or, in some cases,
Monitor control Homogeneity, target gradation (Gamma), gradations free monitor proofs. Digital proofing involves
from breaks, accuracy of the ICC display profile, maximum colour management optimized inkjet print-
contrast ratio, gamut
ing on special paper (proofing medium,
Simulation Contrast ratio, correlated colour temperature, luminance,
grey balance, RGB primary values, CMYK-RGB conversion proof printing substrate) usually in a A3+
(normative) format. The Fogra media wedge placed
Visual judgements Gradations free from breaks, white point, comparison in the margin and its evaluation table make
of softproof to reference print, e.g. roman16 bvdm images
or bvdm Altona Test Suite 2.0 it possible to measure whether the proof
Data formats that ISO 15930 (PDF/X-1a, either with information about standard print adheres to the all the aim values and
can be simulated printing condition in the output intent or alternatively with
tolerances of the printing method being
embedded ICC output profile),
ISO 12639 (TIFF/IT-CMYK with embedded ICC output profile) simulated or make it visually apparent (see
ISO 3664:2009 – Viewing conditions (booths and viewing stations also B.3, B.4, C.1.1).
in softproofing applications)
For the first time, the revised 12647-
Conformity classes General and special colour rendering index, metamerism index,
P1 (high) and UV component confirms physically to D50, homogeneity
7:2016 part of the standard for digital
P2 (low) of the illumination, neutral surroundings, servicing devices proof printing incorporates the improved
technical resources for lighting and
Range of illuminance maximum 2000 lx ± 500 lx, minimum 500 lx ± 125 lx (when
measurement that allow the user to evalu
dimming the colour temperature should reman as similar
as possible, i.e. white point does not shift) ate the differing proportion of optical
brightener in the various printing papers 18
A
TABLE 9

Process monitoring Aim values and tolerances
Suitable areas for digital
job related see Table 30 in section C.3
proof printing.
periodic and/or cause related see Table 31 in section C.3.1
TABLE 10
Criterion in agreement with the production substrate Simulation of the production paper colouring
Selection criteria for proof
Colouring 'white' –
printing substrates
Fluorescence 'moderately brightened' for new printing condition 1 no (the standard profile already takes into
(optical bright- account the colouring and fluorescence (See Table 29 for figures)
'strongly brightened' for new printing condition 5+
ening) of the appropriately chosen proof substrate)
'brightener-free' for all printing conditions that yes (production paper colouring plus bluish
continue to be valid adjustment of the fluorescence)
Gloss 'matt, 'semi-/satin matt' or 'glossy' –
(especially printing substrates 1 and 5+; ISO 13655:2017 (Table 27). Compared with the characterization data (cf. Table
see Table 3) and to take this into account with previously, both standards support 19a/b/c) measurement mode M0
in proof and production run printing quality better visual and quantitative agree- should then be selected on the measure-
assurance. Recently launched proof printing ment between brightened proof and ment device.
substrates with graduated levels of OBA production prints. The proofing medium should always be
in three different gloss grades are available If, in parallel to the above, old printing chosen on the basis of the brightener
for this (Tables 10 and 29). conditions (e.g. offset printing with profiles content of the substrate. Uncoated, wood-
Production in accordance with the new based on FOGRA39 and FOGRA47 charac- free white papers are generally strongly
offset printing conditions 1 and 5+ allows terization data) continue to temporarily brightened (new printing condition 5+),
a noticeable improvement in quality and be used in production, this does not mean premium-coated offset papers moderately
consequently an enhanced perception that the adjustment of the standardized (new printing condition 1). In other cases
of technically challenging printed messages, lighting on the press desks should be the brightener content is determined
which is important to many customers. The delayed. At least one central approval by measuring the substrate—either the
switch entails adoption of a D50 standard position should be retained in order to view absolute difference between the measure-
illuminant with optimized UV component brightener-free proof prints and offset ment modes | M1–M2 | (see Table 27)
in accordance with ISO 3664:2009 and copies under a low-UV standard illuminant on the CIELAB yellow-blue axis, i.e. Δb*,
M1 measurement mode in accordance with and approve the OK sheet. In accordance or the ‘D65 brightness’ ΔB in accordance 19
b* b* A
100 100
FIGURE 1

Comparison of the ∆E*ab (left, tolerance level
5 DeltaE units) and ∆E*00 (right, tolerance 50 50
level 2 DeltaE units) colour difference formu
lae in the a*b* colour chart of the CIELAB
0 0
colour space. The Fogra51 gamut is marked
to make the diagrams easier to understand.
[based on a Colorware.eu chart] – 50 – 50
– 100 – 100
– 100 – 50 0 50 100 a* – 100 – 50 0 50 100 a*
with ISO 15397:2014 or ISO 2470-2:2008 formula replaces the previous CIE ∆E*ab unchanged, with few exceptions (Table 30).
(see Tables 10 and 29). As a result, in most (‘CIELAB(1976)’) colour difference In order to avoid misunderstandings,
cases it is not necessary to colorimetrically formula, which is still valid in other parts in future, when evaluating the Fogra media
simulate the production paper colouring, of the standard (cf. Table 28). CIEDE2000 wedge, the colour difference formula used
including a bluish cast for the fluorescence, responds to the need to achieve greater should always be specified in the records—
for the two new printing conditions with perceptual uniformity in the colour space. with the subscript ‘00’ instead of ‘ab’
significantly brightened papers. Further- Weighted parameters mean that old after the DeltaE, i.e. ΔE*00 instead of ΔE*ab.
more, the gloss of the proof substrate ∆E*ab and new ∆E*₀₀ values cannot be This is particularly important because
(glossy, matt, semi-matt, matt satin etc.) converted into one another. Fig. 1 clearly during the transitional phase old and new
should be adjusted to that of the produc- shows the primarily chroma dependent printing conditions are being processed in
tion substrate. differences of the two formulae in the parallel in the workflow and so proof prints
colour space. will still be produced in accordance with the
The colour differences and tolerances old criteria.
A.3.3 — New colour difference formulae that are now calculated with CIEDE2000
in proof printing do indeed exhibit altered values but funda →→See ‘ProcessStandard Offset 2012’ A-36ff,
In ISO 12647-7:2016 the new CIE ∆E*₀₀ mentally the real room for manoeuvre in B-98ff as well as the ‘2016 revision’ Ch. 3.2, 4.3 and
(‘CIEDE2000’, ‘dE2000’) colour difference the proof printing process remains almost 4.4 for the production and use of digital proofs. 20
A
A.3.4 — Press proof

Press proofs produced on special proofing
presses are a thing of the past. Today,
short proofing runs are produced on the
target press with authentic papers
and inks (Section B.3.2). Frequently this
is an opportunity to test the feasibility
(material compatibility, technical possi
bilities) and effect (eg. gloss, feel) of
demanding finishing jobs.
→→See ‘Process Standard Offset 2012’ B-81ff,

B-115ff and the ‘2016 revision’ pp. 47ff for the
production of press proofs
TABLE 11
Control means and resources
for various process stages
A.4 — Control means and Application Control means in MSP section

resources Digital proof print Fogra CMYK media wedge 3.0 C.1.1
new: MultiColor 3.0 CMYK5c/6c/7c/8c
→→See ‘ProcessStandard Offset 2012’ A-91ff, Offset platemaking, including Ugra/Fogra digital plate wedge C.1.4
newspaper printing
B-175ff, C-13ff for the structure and application
Offset printing Fogra damping monitoring test forme C.7.2
of control means and resources
Offset printing Ugra/Fogra PCS press control strip –
Newspaper printing Ugra/Fogra-DKL-Z –
Grey balance in offset printing ECI/bvdm Gray Control Strips C.4.3
Visual colour temperature evaluation Ugra colour temperature indicator –
for proof and production printing
Colour rendering or softproofing Ugra Display Analysis and Certification Tool B.5.1
capabilities of monitors (UDACT)
Comprehensive application Work resource in MSP section
Prepress and printing bvdm ‘roman16’ reference images C.4.1
Prepress and printing ‘Altona Test Suite 2.0’ application package C.4.2
21
B
B
Guidelines for the Adobe Acrobat. The loss-free bitmap-
Guidelines for the Delivery of Data and Proof Prints for Printing
TIFF/IT or TIFF formats can be used for the
Delivery of Data exchange of individual images. Conversely,

‘open’ files (from design programs such as
and Proof Prints for Adobe InDesign and QuarkXPress for made
up documents or Photoshop for images)
Printing should only be delivered once specific agree

ment to do so has been reached.
For a PDF workflow that is as fault-free
as possible PDF/X specifications should be
used that are based on at least PDF 1.4 and
that support a complete exchange—with
B.1 — File formats the exception of multi-colour applications
(n component). Incomplete exchange
and external references (PDF/X-4p, /X5-g,
B.1.1 — Delivery of complete composite /X-5pg) can certainly be helpful but they
documents and image files are unsuitable for consistent, standarized
Generally, the ICC profiles of the media- workflows. The same is true for the PDF/X-6
neutral data (RGB) and the reference versions expected in 2018. These are already
printing condition (CMYK, multi-colour based on PDF 2.0, which offers stronger
printing method) should be embedded in multimedia functionality.
the documents or made available to the Table 12 offers an overview of the rele-
recipient. By agreement, the latter option vant PDF/X conventions. The use of
can take the form of a clear reference to PDF/X-1a is recomended for the ‘Early
a generally known profile source. Binding’ (early in terms of adopting print-
Essentially, for the exchange of made up oriented CMYK output) and ‘Intermediate
documents, use of the ISO 15930 (PDF/X) Binding’ (later adoption) workflow
series of international standards is recom- strategies. PDF/X-4 is recommended for
mended for the generation and delivery ‘Late Binding’ (working with three-channel
of PDF/X composite files. It is possible to data for as long as possible). PDF/X-4
directly generate print-ready PDF/X files preserves numerous document settings
in layout and graphics programs such as such as transparencies, layers and device
22
B
independent colour information i.e. it is →→See “ProcessStandard Offset 2012” B-38, B-60ff
open for documents whose elements are for the generation and forwarding of PDF/X compo
in different colour spaces and described site files as well as the ‘PDFX-ready’ website in order
through their own ICC profiles. Generally, to download detailed instructions for Adobe InDesign
the printing condition is determined by and QuarkXPress including PDF/X-Preflights:
means of the output intent, and the data www.pdfx-ready.ch/index.php?show=485
are therefore only converted into the colour
space of the reference printing profile →→“PDFX-ready textbook 2016” www.pdfx-ready.ch/
just before printing (or before the output files/PDFX-ready_Leitfaden_2016_Screen.pdf including
of a monitor proof or proof print). reference to the new standard printing conditions
TABLE 12
Conformity ISO 15930 PDF Exchange ICC profiled contents Output-oriented Media neutral Use
Use of PDF/X
PDF/X-1a -4:2003 1.4 complete not allowed CMYK, spot colours no recommended for ‘Early Binding’
and ‘Intermediate Binding’ composite-files
-1:2001* 1.3 complete not allowed CMYK no
PDF/X-3 -6:2003 1.4 complete allowed (ICC v2) Grey, CMYK RGB, CIELAB replaced by PDF/X-4
PDF/X-4 -7:2008/ 1.6 complete allowed (ICC v2, v4 to Grey, CMYK, device indepen recommended for ‘Late Binding’;
Rev.2010 embed as output intent) spot colours dence retained; supports transparencies, layers,
(CxF3; CIELAB) RGB 16 bit, OpenType, JPEG2000,
PDF/X-4p incomplete allowed (external profile
variable content (PDF/VT, PDF/
reference)
VCR-1: Table 7)
PDF/X-5n -8:2010/ 1.6 incomplete reference to external n-component no only recommended for multi-
Cor.1:2011 n-channel ICC profile for colour jobs
output intent allowed
PDF/X-5g, allowed (profile reference Grey, CMYK RGB extended PDF/X-4 workflow;
5pg combinable in 5pg) external referencing of HiRes
data (5g)
PDF/X-6 -9:201X 2.0 complete allowed (ICC v2, v4 to Grey, CMYK device indepen replaces PDF/X-4, as soon
embed as output intent) dence retained; as available; different output
RGB intents on page level
PDF/X-6p incomplete reference to external
profile allowed
PDF/X-6n allowed (n-channel n-component; spot no only recommended for multi-
output intent) colours: CxF/X-4 colour jobs, as soon as available
(CIELAB, spectral)
* still in use for Adobe InDesign 23

B
B.1.2 — Printing conditions and ICC profiles tured by a digital camera as well as for the
in digital supply chains documents that are forwarded to be fully
digitized. This means that the application
The workflows portrayed in Table 13 and
of ICC profiles at the various stages in the
figures 2, 3, 4 are filmless, in line with current
process is of great importance.
practice. Here, the transition to digital
data (digitization) occurs with the scanning
→→See “ProcessStandard Offset 2012” B-7ff, B-33ff
of an original, if not before. Nowadays,
for ICC profiles in conjunction with typical workflows
however, it is normal for a scene to be cap-
Classic media specific workflow

Supplied data type Media specific workflow (see fig. 2) Media neutral workflow (see fig. 3) (see fig. 4)
Colour format of ‘scanner’ and RGB with input profile RGB with input profile Direct separation in the CMYK
‘digital camera’ data sources target colour space of the
reference printing condition
Colour formats for editing CIELAB, RGB (e.g. eciRGB_v2), CMYK, CIELAB, RGB (e.g. eciRGB_v2) CMYK
eg. gravure colour space. CMYK separation
with rendering intent: perceptual
Proof print generation Absolute colorimetric from the CMYK Perceptual rendering intent: from three channel Directly from the CMYK data
simulation colour space to the CMYK colour space to the proof print colour space of the printing condition to the
proof print colour space, with original CMYK proof printer
paper relative colorimetric
Delivery for printing as CMYK data, 8 bit CIELAB, RGB data (e.g. eciRGB_v2), 8/16 bit CMYK data, 8 bit
Proof print delivery, ICC profiles Proof print for reference printing Proof print without Per printing condition: Proof print for reference printing
condition, reference printing profile reference print profile 1 proof print and condition, possibly reference
(not recommended) 1 reference print profile printing profile
Significance of proof print Contract Non-contract Contract Contract
TABLE 13
Typical digital workflows from the original
to delivery for printing.
24
B
Original/Scene
FIGURE 2
In the media specific workflow the data is
Digitization left at the three-channel stage for as long as
RGB possible. It only has to be converted into the
CMYK for the intended printing condition for
Source profile Target profile
the proof printing and the page composition.
· Scanner CMM ICC · eciRGB v2 Clearly therefore the relevant ICC profile and
· Digicam · CIELAB D50
an associated proof print must be supplied
for each printing condition.
Data
· eciRGB v2
· CIELAB D50

· eciRGB v2 CMM ICC P Printing conditions
· CIELAB D50 e.g. PSO Coated v3
Key
Data
· CMYK Workflow
· e.g. PSO Coated v3
CMYK media wedge
Alternative path
Profile
Source profile
Printing conditions CMM ICC A
Colour space
e.g. PSO Coated v3
Target profile
Proofer CMM Colour transformation
Other proof Rendering intent:

ICC printing methods
P Perceptual
A Absolute colorimetric
Prepress/Print CMYK-Proofer
interface
Also see:
→ CMM
→ Rendering intent
Data
· CMYK data
Profile → Perceptual
Proof print → Absolute colorimetric 25
B
Original/Scene
FIGURE 3
Three-channel image data are delivered in
Digitization the media neutral workflow. The CMYK
RGB separation for the relevant printing conditions
therefore only takes place at the printing
company. CMYK data only need to be generat
· Scanner CMM ICC · eciRGB v2 ed at the repro stage for proof printing
· Digicam · CIELAB D50
but this needs to be done individually for each
intended printing condition.
Data
· eciRGB v2
· CIELAB D50

· eciRGB v2 CMM ICC P Printing conditions
· CIELAB D50 e.g. PSO Coated v3
Key
Data
· CMYK Workflow
CMYK media wedge
Alternative path
Profile
Source profile
Printing conditions CMM ICC A
Colour space
e.g. PSO Coated v3
Target profile
Proofer CMM Colour transformation
Other proof Rendering intent:

ICC printing methods
P Perceptual
A Absolute colorimetric
Prepress/Print CMYK-Proofer
interface
Also see:
→ CMM
Data
→ Rendering intent
· CIELAB D50 Profile → Perceptual
· eciRGB v2
Proof print → Absolute colorimetric 26
B
Original/Scene
FIGURE 4
The classic media specific reproduction
Digitization method, which is still sometimes encountered
CMYK
today, generates CMYK data for the intended
eg.
• PSO Coated v3 printing condition right from the scanning in
• eciCMYK of the original. Image editing takes place in the
(in digital printing)
CMYK colour space. A press or a proof printing
system adjusted for the printing condition in
question is used to check the printing formes
after their production.
The eciCMYK working colour space (Table 1)

introduced in 2017 should only be used as
an exchange colour space for digital printing
in order to avoid unnecessarily restricting the
large gamut with a profile typical of offset.
In offset itself it is preferable to use either
classic, media-specific ‘Early Binding’ with
CMYK media wedge
an offset profile such as PSO Coated v3
or ‘Late Binding’ with eciRGB v2 (Figures 2
and 3). If eciCMYK is used with any other
printing method (not recommended), including
proof printing, an adjustment must be made
for the actual printing conditions.
ICC Proof printing method

adjusted for the condition
Prepress/Print
interface
Key
Data Workflow
· CMYK
Proof print Colour space 27
B
B.2 — General guidelines distributions and, consequently, no pre- ‘Tone value increase’ columns in Table
ferred angles. Print control strips should be 19a/b/c). If screens with higher or lower
(data, proof and production
generated using the chosen screening mode screen rulings than those envisaged
prints) (dot shape, ruling). In the usual screening are used then the values in the CtP-RIP
programs the ‘screen ruling’ and ‘screen should be adjusted accordingly, since the
angle’ parameters are both varied slightly characteristic printing curve is altered.
B.2.1 — Screen angle and dot shape from one colour to another in order to The ISO standard and ProcessStandard
The part of the ISO 12647 series of stan minimize moiré formation. Consequently, Offset provide appropriate mathematical
dards that is relevant depends upon the the classic set of angles is seldom encoun- relationships. In the case of very fine
printing method. The angles and screen tered in its pure form. screens the colour space and colour ren-
rulings of the colours are subject to the dering also change.
usual small variation due to the screening The diameter of the smallest screen
program in question. B.2.2 — Screen ruling element in non-periodic screens (FM
With non-standardized multi-colour The screen ruling is linked to the printing and hybrid screens) should be in the region
applications each secondary colour defined method and is chosen in accordance of 20 µm (coated papers) and 30 µm (un-
as a separation in its own right takes an with the guidelines of the corresponding coated papers). Smaller screen elements
angle of the CMY primary colours that have part of the ISO 12647 series of standards. are unstable whilst significantly larger ones
been replaced in the image motif, e.g. red For example, in offset a range of screen can be visible and form disruptive patterns.
(orange) takes M, green Y and blue (violet) rulings (54/cm to 80/cm) can be used
C. In the case of non-periodic screens depending upon tone value increase curves →→See “ProcessStandard Offset 2012” B-69ff
(FM and hybrid screens), colour separations (‘characteristic printing curves’) A to F for screening as well as, in particular, its influence
do not exhibit regular dot shapes and from ISO 12647-2 (see ‘CtP screen’ and on tone value increase and colour space
TABLE 14
Dot type Angular spacing Main colour ref. angle Dot closure (in data set)
Angles and dot shapes for
Chain dot 60° between C, M and K; Y 15° from 45° or 135° (= 45° + 90°) Two dot closures between
(recommended) one of the former 40 % and 60 % periodic screening in the
Circular and 30° between C, M and K; Y 15° from 45° One dot closure at 50% (therefore case of offset printing in
square dot one of the former no longer normal) accordance with ISO 12647-2 28
B
B.2.3 — Trim and trim allowance • Coldset web offset printing (newspaper in a stable and beneficial way. Such sepa
Trim values also have to be specified in printing): 3 % to c. 90 %, even larger in ration settings are supported in the ICC
PDF/X for complete format information. waterless coldset profiles of the standard printing conditions
Table 15 explains the significance of the • Gravure: 3 % to 95 % (see the ‘TVS’ column in Table 19a/b/c) and
various boxes in PDF document pages. • Flexo: depending on substrate (film, paper, elsewhere or if necessary can be achieved
corrugated) and use of a hybrid screen with individual DeviceLink profiles.
spreading in highlights and shadows. • Sheet-fed offset: ≤ 330 %, usually 300 %
B.2.4 — Printing tone value range • Heatset web offset: coated papers ≤
Important parts of an image should not 300 %, uncoated papers ≤ 270 %
employ tone values that lie outside the B.2.5 — Maximum tone value sum • Coldset web offset: ≤ 240 %,
printable tone value range in the data. Total ink coverage for solids of the four in the v5 standard profile 220 %
For the usual screen rulings the regions CMYK inks in superimposed printing • Gravure: ≤ 360 % (ProcessStandard
in question are as follows. theoretically amounts to 400 %. In order Gravure), frequently ≤ 340 %
• Sheet-fed offset, heatset and narrow to save ink and to achieve faster drying,
web offset: 2 % to 98 %, safe 3 % to 97 %, redundant components of the colour
on uncoated paper 4 % to 96 % separations are underprinted or replaced
TABLE 15
PDF box Meaning Reference to the trim
Boxes in PDF documents
Media Box Outer limit Encompasses all the other boxes incl. trimmed areas and register crosses;
all elements extending outside it are ignored
Bleed Box Bleed box Trim allowance; should be at least 3 mm larger than the trim box on
all four sides.
Trim Box Trim box Trimmed page format
Art Box Object box Includes all objects found on a document page; PDF/X files align with
the Trim Box and ignore the Art Boxes
Crop Box Mask box Internal setting, that has an effect whether the trimmed (Trim box) or
(only virtual) untrimmed (Media box) document pages appear in the monitor simulation.
29
B
TABLE 16
In the new ICC profiles
‘PSO Coated v3 (FOGRA51)’ ‘WAN-IFRA- Colour composition
Parameter Explanation Values, region ‘PSO Uncoated v3 (FOGRA52)’ newspaper269v5’ settings
GCR strength Pre-set in separation and profile generation Not above 70 % without print 50 % n/a
programs trials
Max. black Maximum tone value of the black separation 85 % and 100 %, preferably > 95 % 96 % 100 %
in the image shadows
Black lengths Black composition along the L* axis of the ‘Short black’ only in dark tones, 9 (Start point 10%) Max. (EP 0 %)
and start point CIELAB colour space; gives the tone value ‘long black’: up to and into high-
(‘Start- from which chromatic primary colours are light region
black’ in %) supplemented or replaced by black
Black width Black composition along the C*ab axis of the ‘Narrow black’: only in colours 10 100
CIELAB colour space; the higher the value on or near the grey axis,
the stronger the black used even for colours black supplements or replaces
with higher chroma the chromatic primary colours
Max. tone value Total ink coverage of the solids of the See B.2.5 300 % 220 %
sum four inks
B.2.6 — Colour composition B.2.7 — Printing marks B.2.9 — Trapping

Conventional black composition with long Corner, fold, centre and cutting marks When line and image elements are com-
black (Under Colour Removal, UCR) must be positioned at the right angles. bined, appropriate trapping is advisable
has largely been supplanted by achromatic Register crosses should be applied between just before output to the RIP. Its normal
composition (Grey Component Replace- 2 and 4 mm from the edge of the image. extent (0.1 mm, more for light substrates
ment, GCR). In the case of bled motifs, register crosses and large formats) is based on the register
should be positioned directly at the edge tolerances of the relevant part of the
→→See “ProcessStandard Offset 2012” B-16f, B-30, of the image. Printing mark lines should be ISO 12647 series of standards. The cus
B-53ff, B-64f for colour composition no more than 0.1 mm wide. tomer needs to provide details of the extent
of the trapping (in the PDF/X trapped key).
B.2.8 — Black solids →→See “ProcessStandard Offset 2012” B-68 for

In multi-colour printing black solids can be trapping, register crosses, printing marks and
underlain with c. 50 % cyan. labelling of the imposed sheet 30
B
B.2.11 — Appraisal B.2.12 — Completeness of the data
Tone value
range Cyan Magenta Yellow L* a* b* An opaque, matt white backing (lightness If, contrary to recommendations, PDF/X
Quarter 25.0 % 18.4 % 18.6 % 75.6 0.8 –3.1 L* > 92, chroma C* <3) without optical files are not suppplied, then fonts con-
tone brightener should be used for appraising tained in the document should be embed-
Mid tone 50.0 % 40.9 % 40.1 % 56.7 0.5 –2.2 proof prints. Reflection copy, press proofs ded and imported image files and fine
Three quar- 75.0 % 68.9 % 69.9 % 39.0 0.3 –1.4 and image proof prints as well as pro data should also be delivered. For PDF/X
ter tone
duction copies should be compared under documents containing low volumes of data
the following lighting conditions in accor ‘Open Prepress Interface’ (OPI) automati
TABLE 17
dance with ISO 3664:2009: cally swaps coarse data for fine data on
Non-contract grey balance values in accor
• D50 (5000 kelvin) standard illuminant output; alternatively PDF/X-5g and /X-5pg
dance with ISO 12647-2:2013 that typically
with physically correct UV component allow external fine data to be referenced.
serve as a guide if no standard ICC profile
• Illuminance; 2000 lx ± 500 lx OPI comments are suppressed in PDF/X.
is applied
• Glare-free angle between illumination
(angle of incidence 0°) and observation
(viewing angle 45°) B.2.13 — Resolution of the image data
B.2.10 — Grey balance recommendation
In order to avoid excessive imaging times
The values in Table 17 do not apply in
→→See “ProcessStandard Offset 2012” A-33ff during the computer-to-plate process, the
conjunction with reference printing con
for appraisal resolution of the supplied data should be
ditions (characterization data and ICC
limited to the suggested values (Table 18).
profiles); in the latter case actual grey
balance conditions should be used and
the grey balance should be checked and
controlled with the aid of the ‘GrayCon’
wedge (see section C.4.3)
→→See “ProcessStandard Offset 2012” B-225ff TABLE 18

Typical
for colour or grey balance Screen type Rule of thumb resolution Suggested resolution val
Periodic 2 pixels per screen line, 300 ppi
ues (pixels per inch) for the
eg. 120 pixel/cm for delivery of unscreened data.
screen ruling of 60/cm
These pixel values should not
Non- peri- 1 pixel per five times smallest 250 ppi
odic screen dot diameter, eg. 100 be exceeded by more than
pixel/cm for a 20-μm dot a half
Gravure 1 pixel per advance step –
31
B
B.3 — Proof print when proof printing system and the source and
reference printing profiles used.
supplying media neutral data
(eg. eciRGB_v2)
In this instance, a specific proof print or B.3.2 — Press proof
press proof is supplied (see Table 13, Fig. 3 The press proof should be made on the
as well as sections B.3.1 and B.3.2) for production substrate by the target press
every printing condition (Table 19a/b/c or, alternatively, on the same type of
and 20, 21, 22, 23). When delivering data substrate or in the same gamut class of
the ICC reference printing profile for the the printing method in accordance with
printing condition used for proof print ISO 12647. A press control strip must be
generation or separation should also be present on the sheet and this must allow
delivered. the solid colourings and the tone value
increases of the CMYK and spot colours
to be measured. In all cases, the tone value
B.3.1 — Digital proof print increases must lie within the tolerances
A Fogra CMYK media wedge (see section laid down in the appropriate part of the
C.1.1) must be placed on the proof print ISO 12647 standard for proof prints/press
and its colour values must correspond to proofs.
the aim values of the reference printing In all cases, the solid colouring on the
condition. Section C.3 describes the sheet must correspond to the CIELAB
requirements for monitoring the colour specification of the relevant part of ISO
accuracy and other criteria of proof prints. 12647. The comparison should be made
Special notice should be taken of the by means of colour measurement. In the
Fogra CMYK media wedge tolerances in case of offset it should also be made
accordance with ISO 12647-7:2016 and the visually on the basis of colour specimens
required status information (status line) for CMY. In the case of black ,densito-
on the proof print. The proof print substrate metric comparison is preferable.
should match the production substrate in The footer of the press proof should
terms of brightening and gloss (Table 10). contain the file name and the productiuon
The footer on the proof print should con- date as well as the names of the source
tain the file name and the production date, and reference printing profiles used for
as well as the name of the software, the making the press proof plate. 32
B
B.4 — Proof print when the output printing condition used for B.4.3 — Press proof
the separation of the colour data should A press control strip allowing the solid
delivering print-ready data
be specified. Trapping details should also colourings and tone value increases for
(CMYK and spot colours) be provided. CMYK and spot colours to be measured
A proof print or press proof should be must be present on the sheet. Press proof
delivered that is tailored for the intended and production substrate should be iden-
printing condition (Table 19a/b/c), see B.4.2 — Digital proof print tical or belong to the same gamut class.
Fig. 2 and Table 13. The ICC output profile A Fogra CMYK media wedge (see section Accordingly, the values for the solid colour
(reference printing profile) used for C.1.1) must be placed on the proof print. ings, tone value increases and tolerances
proof print production or separation should Its colour values must correspond to the are the same as those for the correspond-
also be delivered along with the data. aim values of the relevant part of the ISO ing part of the ISO 12647 series of
12647 series of standards (see Table 20, 21, standards. For offset printing, appropriate
22, 23). Section C.3 describes requirements colour specimens (reference prints) from
B.4.1 — General information for the delivery for monitoring the colour accuracy and other the ‘Altona Test Suite’ can be used. The
of CMYK separated data criteria of proof prints. Special care should comparison is then carried out either visu
The maximum value for the tone value sum be taken over the Fogra CMYK media wedge ally or by means of colour measurement,
(C+M+Y+K) should not exceed the value tolerances in accordance with ISO 12647-7 preferably densitometrically in the case of
given in section B.2.5. The tone value range and the required status information (status black. The footer of the press proof should
should be based on the specifications line) for the proof print. If the proof printing contain the following details: file name,
of the relevant part of the ISO-12647 series. system supports it, the new Fogra Multi- output date, as well as the source and
This also applies to the tone value range Color 3.0 media wedge (for 5c, 6c, 7c and reference printing profiles used to make
laid down in the image data set. The tone 8c) should be used. Remember: ISO 12647- the press proof plate.
values for an image should not lie outside 7:2016 uses a different colour difference
the tone value range specified for the print- formula (see Table 30 and 31), which is indi-
ing method variant in question. cated by the DeltaE subscript (‘00’ instead
Additional infomation (eg. job ticket of the previous ‘ab’). The footer of the proof
info): the characterization data and the print should contain: file name, date, name
colour composition (tone value sum, UCR, of the proofer profile as well as the ICC
GCR, black gradation) or black primary reference printing profile for the printing
colour (beginning and end of tone value condition, and possibly also details of the
range) settings, the ICC output profile for proofer RIP software and proof printer.
33
B
TABLE 19A
Printing conditions and profiles in MediaStandard Print
2010; see also Table 3; measurement conditions for charac-
terization data: modes M0 and M1 (see Table 27) and white
backing (wb = ‘white backing’) or intentional deviations
(bb = ‘black backing’ or sb = ‘substrate/self backing’)
Printing ICC profile Characterization data Tone value inc. at 40 %

method Paper type (PT) Screen TVS ‘Title’, file name FILENAME.txt Measure Chromatic Black
References: bvdm ProcessStandard Offset 2001/2003,
ISO 12647-2:2004 and ISO 12647-2:2004 supplement/Amd.1:2007,
ECI 2003–2009
Offset 1/2 ‘illustration printing, wood- 60…80/cm 330 % ‘ISO Coated v2 (ECI)’, FOGRA39L M0, wb A (13 %) B (16 %)
(K–C–M–Y) free, white, glossy/matt coated’ ISOcoated_v2_eci.icc
300 % ‘ISO Coated v2 300 (ECI)’, FOGRA39L M0, wb A (13 %) B (16 %)
ISOcoated_v2_300_eci.icc
120…160/cm, 330 % ‘PSO Coated NPscreenISO 12647 (ECI)’, FOGRA43L M0, wb F (28 %) F (28 %)
NP 20 µm PSO_Coated_NPscreen_ISO12647_eci.icc
300 % ‘PSO Coated 300 NPscreenISO 12647 (ECI)’, FOGRA43L M0, wb F (28 %) F (28 %)
PSO_Coated_300_NPscreen_ISO12647_eci.icc
3 'LWC paper' (Light Weight 60…80/cm 300 % ‘PSO LWC Improved (ECI)’, FOGRA45L M0, wb B (16 %) C (19 %)
Coated, divided into improved PSO_LWC_Improved_eci.icc
LWC-I and standard LWC-S
300 % ‘PSO LWC Standard (ECI)’, FOGRA46L M0, wb B (16 %) C (19 %)
since 2009)
PSO_LWC_Standard_eci.icc
4 'uncoated paper, wood-free 60…80/cm 320 % ‘PSO Uncoated ISO12647 (ECI)’, FOGRA47L M0, wb C (19 %) D (22 %)
white' PSO_Uncoated_ISO12647_eci.icc
120…160/cm, 300 % ‘PSO Uncoated NPscreenISO 12647 (ECI)’, FOGRA44L M0, wb F (28 %) F (28 %)
NP 20 µm PSO_Uncoated_NPscreen_ISO12647_eci.icc
5 'uncoated, yellowish paper 60…80/cm 320 % ‘ISO Uncoated Yellowish’, FOGRA30L M0, wb C (19 %) D (22 %)
(book printing)' ISOuncoatedyellowish.icc
Ciontinuous 2 'illustration printing, 60…80/cm 350 % ‘ISO Continuous Forms Coated’, FOGRA31 M0, wb A (13 %) B (16 %)
forms offset wood-free, white, matt coated' ISOcofcoated.icc
(K–C–M–Y)
4 'uncoated, wood-free, white 60…80/cm 320 % ‘ISO Continuous Forms Uncoated’, FOGRA32 M0, wb C (19 %) D (22 %)
paper' ISOcofuncoated.icc
34
B
↖ Continued from the previous page
ICC profile Characterization data Tone value inc. at 40 %
Printing
method Paper type (PT) Screen TVS ‘Title’, file name FILENAME.txt Measure Chromatic Black
References: bvdm ProcessStandard Offset 2001/2003,
ISO 12647-2:2004 and ISO 12647-2:2004 supplement/Amd.1:2007,
ECI 2003–2009
Heatset- SC ‘Super Calendered’ (supple- 60…80/cm 270 % ‘SC Paper (ECI)’, FOGRA40L M0, wb B (16 %) C (19 %)
web offset ments heatset printing conditions) SC_paper_eci.icc
(K–C–M–Y)
MFC ‘Machine Finished Coated’ 60…80/cm 280 % ‘PSO MFC Paper (ECI)’, FOGRA41L M0, wb B (16 %) C (19 %)
(supplements heatset printing PSO_MFC_paper_eci.icc
conditions)
SNP ‘Standard News Print’ 60…80/cm 260 % ‘PSO SNP Paper (ECI)’, FOGRA42 M0, bb C (19 %) D (22 %)
(newsprint; supplements PSO_SNP_paper_eci.icc (not supported
heatset printing conditions) because bb
measurement)
References: WAN-IFRA 2004, ISO 12647-3:2005,
WAN-IFRA Special Report 2.37 ‘Revision of ISO 12647-3’ 2005
Coldset- SNP ‘Standard News Print’ 40…48/cm 240 % ‘ISO Newspaper 26‘, IFRA26L M0, wb AC
web offset (newsprint) ISOnewspaper26v4.icc, (26.2 % at 40 %,
(C–M–Y–K) ISOnewspaper26v4_gr.icc (grey profile, 26.0 % at 50 %)
primarily for internal application)
References: ISO 12647-4:2005, ECI ProcessStandard Gravure 2009
Publication LWC Plus (Improved LWC, Y 54…70/cm, 360 % ‘PSR LWC PLUS V2 PT’, ECI_PSR_LWC_ M0, sb 17 % (for information)
gravure replaces HWC) CM 60… 80/cm, PSR_LWC_PLUS_V2_PT.icc PLUS_V2
K 60… 100/cm
LWC Standard ‘PSR LWC STD V2 PT’, ECI_PSR_LWC_ M0, sb
(in profiles PSR_LWC_STD_V2_PT.icc STD_V2
SC Plus CMYK 68/cm) ‘PSR SC Plus V2 PT’, ECI_PSR_SC_ M0, sb
PSR_SC_Plus_V2_PT.icc Plus_V2_PT
SC Standard ‘PSR SC STD V2 PT’, ECI_PSR_SC_ M0, sb
PSR_SC_STD_V2_PT.icc STD_V2
News Plus (for gravure on ‘PSR gravure MF’, PSRgravureMF_ M0, sb
improved newsprint) PSRgravureMF.icc ECI2002
35
B
TABLE 19B
Printing conditions and profiles – 2012 changes and
extensions; also see Table 3; measurement conditions
for characterization data: M0 mode (see Table 27)
and white backing (wb = ‘white backing’)
ICC profile Characterization data Tone value increase at 40 %

Printing method Paper type (PT) Screen TVS ‘Title’, file name FILENAME.txt Measure Chromatic Black
References: bvdm ProcessStandard Offset 2012,
ECI INP and Surface Finishing 2012, bvdm Altona Test Suite 2.0 2013
Finished sheet- 1/2 + OPP matt film 60…80/cm 300 % ‘PSO Coated v2 300% Matte laminate (ECI)’, FOGRA49 (modified for 13 % plus 16 % plus
fed offset PSO_Coated_v2_300_Matte_laminate_eci.icc special application) 10 % film 10 % film
5…7 % UV coat 5…7 % UV coat
1/2 + OPP gloss film 60…80/cm 300 % ‘PSO Coated v2 300% Glossy laminate (ECI)’, FOGRA50 (modified for
2…4 % disp. coat 2…4 % disp. coat
PSO_Coated_v2_300_Glossy_laminate_eci.icc special application)
Heatset web LWC-I 'Light Weight 60…80/cm 300 % ‘PSO LWC Improved (ECI)’, FOGRA45L M0, wb B (16 %) C (19 %)
offset Coated Improved PSO_LWC_Improved_eci.icc
(K–C–M–Y) (heatset printing condition
replaces 3)
LWC-S 'Light Weight 60…80/cm 300 % ‘PSO LWC Standard (ECI)’, FOGRA46L M0, wb B (16 %) C (19 %)
Coated Standard' PSO_LWC_Standard_eci.icc
(heatset printing condition
replaces 3)
INP ‘Improved News Print’ 48…60/cm 260 % ‘PSO INP Paper (ECI)’, FOGRA48L M0, wb C (19 %) D (22 %)
(supplements heatset PSO_INP_Paper_eci.icc
printing conditions)
36
B
TABLE 19C
Printing conditions and profiles – 2016 changes;
also see Table 3; measurement conditions for
the characterization data: M1 mode (see Table 27)
and white backing (wb = ‘white backing’);
ICC profile Characterization data Tone value increase at 50 %

Printing method Printing substrate (PS) Screen TVS ‘Title’, file name FILENAME.txt Measure Chromatic and black
References: bvdm ProcessStandard Offset 2016 revision,
ISO 12647-2:2013, ECI Offset 2015, bvdm Altona Test Suite 2.0 2016 update
Sheet-fed offset 1 ‘multiple coating’, 60…80/cm 300 % ‘PSO Coated v3’, PSOcoated_v3.icc FOGRA51 M1, wb 2013-A (16 %)*
and heatset- moderately brightened
web offset
5+ ‘uncoated paper, wood-free, 52…70/cm 300 % ‘PSO Uncoated v3 (FOGRA52)’, FOGRA52 M1, wb 2013-C (22 %)*
(K–C–M–Y)
strongly brightened’ PSOuncoated_v3_FOGRA52.icc
6-B "SC-B paper", super 52…70/cm 270 % „PSO SC-B Paper v3 (FOGRA54)“, FOGRA54 M1, wb 2013-B (19 %)
calandered, faintly brightened PSOsc-b_paper_v3_FOGRA54.icc
References: ISO 12647-3:2013, WAN-IFRA Report ‘ISO 12647-3:2013 –
Quality standard for newspaper production’ 2015
Coldset- C8 ‘SNP, Standard News Print’ 40…48/cm, 220 % ‘WAN-IFRAnewspaper26v5’, IFRA26L M0, wb AC (26 %)
web offset (newsprint) NP 30…50 µm WAN-IFRAnewspaper26v5.icc,
(C–M–Y–K) WAN-IFRAnewspaper26v5_gr.icc (grey
profile, primarily for internal application)
References: ISO 12647-4:2014, ECI ProcessStandard Gravure 2009, Updates 2018
Publication LWC Plus Y 54…70/cm, 360 % „PSR LWC PLUS V2 M1“, ECI-PSR-LWC- M1, sb 17 % (for information)
gravure CM 60…80/cm, PSR-LWC-PLUS-V2_M1.icc PLUS-V2_M1
K 60…100/cm
LWC Standard „PSR LWC STD V2 M1“, ECI-PSR-LWC-
(in profiles PSR-LWC-STD-V2_M1.icc STD-V2_M1
SC Plus CMYK 68/cm) „PSR SC Plus V2 M1“, ECI-PSR-SC-
PSR-SC-Plus-V2_M1.icc Plus-V2_M1
SC Standard „PSR SC STD V2 M1“, ECI-PSR-SC-
PSR-SC-STD-V2_M1.icc STD-V2_M1
* Anyone wishing to print with NP, very fine or hybrid screens can generate their own profiles from FOGRA51
and FOGRA52 and print with the 2013 E (28 %) characteristic printing curve. 37
B
TABLE 20 ‘new 1’ (moderately brightened) and ‘new 5+’ (strongly bb). However, in many instances it does not make sense to
Solid colouring aim values and tolerances for press proofs brightened), others still M0 in the characterization data. apply this new requirement, since show-through from the
and production prints (rounded CIELAB colour values for the CIE Whiteness in accordance with ISO 11475 under D65 reverse would influence the measurement values. Consequent-
solid vertex colours) for sheet-fed offset printing and heatset illuminant. Values for the red, green and blue secondary ly, the previous recommendations from “ProcessStandard
web offset (inks in accordance with ISO 2846-1) for the new colours are generally for information (not normative). Offset 2012”remain valid unaltered: in each case, apply the
and still currently valid printing conditions listed in Table 3 In accordance with ISO 12647-2:2013, the aim chromaticity aim values for whichever backing should be used for viewing
(except for coldset web offset, see Table 21); measurement coordinates for the primary colour solids are now now nor- and measurement in accordance with section A2.1
in accordance with ISO 13655, D50 standard illuminant, mative on white backing rather than on black backing (ISO (page A-27ff.). The bb values relate to papers with typical
2° normal observer, 0°:45 or 45°:0° geometry, M1 mode for 12647-3:2013 for newspaper printing continues to specify grammages because of the dependence on opacity.
NEW OLD Still being checked by ECI WOWG not currently

(M1-based ECI profiles) (M0-based ECI profiles) (Consequently the old M0-based ECI profiles remain valid for time beeing. valid
Supplemented by a new M1-based profile since 2017.)
1 5+ 1/2 4 2 3 4 6 6-B 7 8
(replaces old (replaces old (will be (will be (old LWC-I) (old LWC-S) (old MFC) (old SC/M0 (new SC/M1 (alt INP) (SNP
Printing 1/2) 4 and 5) replaced replaced by for SC-A) for SC-B) Heatset)
substrate by new 1) new 5+)
g/m² range 80…250 [115] 70…250 [120] ca. 115 ca. 115 51…80 [70] 84…70 [51] 51…65 [54] 38…60 [56] 40…56 [49] 40…52 [45]
Gloss below 75° 35…70 5…15 65 (1) resp. ca. 6 25…65 [55] 60…80 [55] 7…35 [21] 30…55 [43] 10…35 [21] 5…10
38 (2)
CIE Whiteness 105…136 140…175 105…136 140…175 90…105 60…90 75…90 45…85 40…80 35…60
Solid colourings on white backing (wb) – for measurements on proof prints (Proofs)
as well as test formes for producing characterization data or profiles for proof and production printing conditions
Colour values L* a* b* L* a* b* L* a* b* L* a* b* L* a* b* L* a* b* L* a* b* L* a* b* L* a* b* L* a* b*L* a* b*
Black (K) 16 0 0 33 1 0 16 0 0 31 1 1 20 1 2 20 1 2 24 1 2 22 1 2 28 1 2 32 1 3 Not supported
by Process
Cyan (C) 56 –35 –53 59 –22 –48 55 −37 −50 60 –26 –44 57 –37 –46 56 –37 –42 55 –33 –42 55 –36 –38 55 –30 –37 58 –29 –36 Standard
Magenta (M) 48 75 –5 55 60 –4 48 74 −3 56 61 –1 48 73 –6 47 71 –4 49 67 –2 48 66 –3 49 62 –1 52 58 –2 Offset due to
intentional
Yellow (Y) 89 –4 92 88 –3 72 89 −5 93 89 –4 78 86 –2 89 84 –1 88 84 –2 81 83 –1 86 83 –3 82 82 –1 72 deviation in
measuring on
Red (M +Y) 48 69 46 53 56 26 47 68 48 54 55 26 48 66 44 47 65 44 48 62 39 47 62 40 48 58 37 50 56 30 black backing
Green (C +Y) 49 –66 24 52 –41 11 50 −65 27 54 –44 14 50 –59 26 50 –56 28 50 –52 24 49 –53 25 49 –48 21 52 –43 17 in the charac-
terization data.
Blue (C + M) 25 21 –47 38 10 –32 24 22 –46 38 8 –31 28 16 –46 28 15 –42 28 17 –38 28 13 –39 32 9 –35 37 8 –31
C + M +Y 23 –1 –2 35 1 –4 23 0 0 33 0 0 27 –4 –2 27 –2 0 28 2 –3 27 –1 –3 30 –2 –4 34 –3 –5
Paper tone 95 1 –6 94 2 –10 95 0 −2 95 0 –2 92 0 –2 90 0 1 90 0 0 89 0 5 88 –1 4 88 0 2

38
B
↖ Continued from previous page
NEW OLD Still being checked by ECI WOWG not currently
(M1-based ECI profiles) (M0-based ECI profiles) (Consequently the old M0-based ECI profiles remain valid for time beeing. valid
Supplemented by a new M1-based profile since 2017.)
1 5+ 1/2 4 2 3 4 6 6-B 7 8
(replaces old (replaces old (will be (will be (old LWC-I) (old LWC-S) (old MFC) (old SC/M0 (new SC/M1 (alt INP) (SNP
Printing 1/2) 4 and 5) replaced replaced by for SC-A) for SC-B) Heatset)
substrate by new 1) new 5+)
Solid colourings on black backing (bb) – only for measurements on production prints, reference print specimens (press proofs, OK sheets, first runs) and single page prints
Colour values L* a* b* L* a* b* L* a* b* L* a* b* L* a* b* L* a* b* L* a* b* L* a* b* L* a* b* L* a* b* L* a* b*
Black (K) 16 0 0 32 1 0 16 0 0 31 1 1 19 1 2 19 1 2 23 1 2 22 1 2 28 1 2 31 1 3 Not supported
by Process
Cyan (C) 55 –34 –52 58 –22 –47 54 −36 −49 58 –25 –43 56 –36 –45 54 –35 –41 54 –32 –41 54 –35 –38 54 –29 –37 56 –28 –36 Standard
Magenta (M) 47 74 –5 54 58 –4 46 72 −5 54 58 –2 46 70 –7 45 68 –5 48 64 –3 47 63 –3 48 59 –3 50 56 –3 Offset due to
intentional
Yellow (Y) 87 –4 90 86 –3 70 87 −6 90 86 –4 75 84 –4 86 82 –3 85 81 –2 77 80 –2 83 80 –3 78 79 –1 69 deviation in
measuring on
Red(M +Y) 47 68 45 52 55 25 46 67 47 52 53 25 46 62 42 45 61 42 47 60 37 46 59 39 47 55 35 48 54 29 black backing
Green (C +Y) 49 –65 24 51 –41 11 49 −63 26 53 –42 13 49 –57 26 49 –54 28 49 –51 23 48 –52 25 48 –46 20 50 –42 16 in the char-
acterization
Blue (C + M) 25 21 –47 38 10 –31 24 21 –45 37 8 –30 27 16 –45 27 15 –41 28 17 –38 27 12 –39 32 9 –34 36 8 –31 data.
C + M +Y 23 –1 –2 34 1 –4 22 0 0 32 0 0 27 –4 –1 27 –2 1 27 2 –3 26 –2 –3 30 –2 –4 33 –3 5
Paper tone 93 1 –7 92 2 –10 93 0 −3 92 0 –3 89 0 –1 87 0 0 87 0 –2 86 –2 3 85 –1 2 86 –1 2
Tolerances for solid colouring on white and black backing
Press proof (differences over the format ≤ 8 %

of the lowest measured solid density for the
Criterion primary colour in question) Production print differences Production print fluctuations
normative informative normative informative normative informative
Black (K) ΔE*ab = 5 ΔE*00 = 5 ΔE*ab = 5 ΔE*00 = 5 ΔE*ab = 4 ΔE*00 = 4
Cyan (C) ΔE*ab = 5 ΔE*00 = 3,5 ΔE*ab = 5 ΔE*00 = 3,5 ΔE*ab = 4; ΔH*ab = 3 ΔE*00 = 2,8
Magenta (M) ΔE*ab = 5 ΔE*00 = 3,5 ΔE*ab = 5 ΔE*00 = 3,5 ΔE*ab = 4; ΔH*ab = 3 ΔE*00 = 2,8
Yellow (Y) ΔE*ab = 5 ΔE*00 = 3,5 ΔE*ab = 5 ΔE*00 = 3,5 ΔE*ab = 5; ΔH*ab = 3 ΔE*00 = 3,5
39
B
TABLE 21
Backing black (bb), normative white (wb), informative
Aim values for production run solid colouring (rounded
Colour values L* a* b* L* a* b*
CIELAB colour values for the solid vertex colours) in
Black (K) 36 1 4 37 1 5
coldset web offset in accordance with ISO 12647-3:2013;
Cyan (C) 57 −23 −27 59 −25 −27
inks in accordance with ISO 2846-2; Standard News Print
Magenta (M) 54 44 −1 56 47 −1
Yellow (Y) 78 −3 58 81 −1 62
(SNP Coldset): grammage c. 45 g/m², gloss (below 75°) < 5;
Red (M + Y) 52 41 25 54 45 27
measurement in accordance with ISO 13655, D50 standard
Green (C + Y) 53 −34 17 54 −35 18
illuminant, 2° normal observer, 0°:45° or 45°:0° geometry,
Blue (C + M) 41 7 −22 42 7 −22
M0 mode in the characterization data; tolerances see Table 20,
C+M+Y 40 0 1 41 0 2 corresponding colour density fluctuation c. 13 %.
Paper tone 82 0 3 85 1 5
Paper type LWC Plus LWC Standard SC Plus SC Standard News Plus
Meas. mode M0 (2009) M1 (2018) M0 (2009) = M1 (2018) M0 (2009) M1 (2018) M0 (2009) = M1 (2018) M0 (2009)
Colour values L* a* b* L* a* b* L* a* b* L* a* b* L* a* b* L* a* b* L* a* b*
Black (K) 17 1 1 17 1 0 18 1 2 18 1 1 values expected 18 1 1 28 1 1
Cyan (C) 48 −25 −47 47 –25 –49 48 −28 −41 47 −27 −40 June 2018 47 −27 –40 48 −19 −33
Magenta (M) 47 72 −8 48 73 –7 46 68 −4 46 66 −5 46 66 −5 50 61 −3
Yellow (Y) 83 7 93 83 6 93 82 7 93 81 6 90 81 6 90 81 10 84
Red (M +Y) 45 69 52 45 68 54 44 66 50 44 64 47 44 64 47 48 62 38
Green (C +Y) 41 −48 31 41 –49 30 40 −46 31 40 −44 28 40 −44 28 39 −32 20
Blue(C + M) 18 20 −48 17 21 –49 19 16 −43 20 14 −41 20 14 −41 26 7 −35
C + M +Y 14 −2 2 14 –2 1 15 −1 2 15 −4 1 15 −4 1 23 −3 −2
Paper tone 94 0 0 93 1 –2 90 0 3 91 0 2 89 −1 5 89 −1 5
TABLE 22
Aim values for production run solid colouring dance with ISO 13655, D50 standard illuminant, 2° normal
(rounded CIELAB colour values for the solid vertex colours) observer, 0°:45° or 45°:0° geometry, M0 mode in the charac-
in illustration gravure in accordance with ISO 12647-4:2014; terization data, colour sequence Y-M-C-K. The values for
inks in accordance with ISO 2846-3; colour values for paper the red, green and blue secondary colours are for information
backing (substrate/self backing); measurement in accor (not normative). Paper types cf. Table 19a. 40
B
TABLE 23
Gamut class 1 2 3
Solid colouring aim values (rounded CIELAB colour values
Colour values L* a* b* L* a* b* L* a* b*
for the solid vertex colours) in screen printing in accordance
Black (K) 24 0 0 18 0 0 8 0 0
with ISO 12647-5:2015; inks in accordance with ISO 2846-4,
Cyan (C) 59 −35 −43 52 −33 −51 46 −32 −54
colour sequence Y-C-M; gamut class 2 approximately corre
Magenta (M) 51 70 −15 47 74 −5 42 79 10
sponds to offset printing on glossy coated substrate, i.e paper
Yellow (Y) 90 −11 66 89 −9 83 88 −7 100
Red (Y + M) 50 59 42 47 67 50 44 66 47
type 1 (old) or printing substrate 1 (new); also see Table 5
Green (Y + C) 55 −68 32 49 −65 30 43 −62 28
Blue (C + M) 28 27 −41 21 26 −40 16 29 −39
Criterion Details
Process inks In accordance with ISO 2846 for reproduction in a printing method
described in ISO 12647
Colour labels C (Cyan), M (Magenta), Y (Yellow), K (Key, black);
spot colours should be named in full
Solid colouring See Table 20/21/22 or to be matched to reference prints
Print control strip e.g. Fogra print control strip; screen 60/cm, usual circular dot screen or
authentic dot model, control patches for mid tone, shadow and solids
for primary and secondary colours over the full width of the format;
slur/doubling and plate monitoring must be possible in one position
Plate imaging (digital) Predetermined characteristic printing curves on the linearized RIP setter
configuration, see Table 25
Printing tone range See B.2.4
Colour sequence Generally K-C-M-Y in offset, C-M-Y-K in newspaper printing
Corrections Image correction marks in accordance with DIN 16549, substantial
corrections require a fresh press proof
Offline finishing An additional, finished press proof sheet is required
Image orientation In accordance with imposition scheme
Image register As for production print (maximum differences of 80 µm for all
screen rulings)
TABLE 24
Further information for newspaper printing press proofing
on the production substrate 41
B
B.5 — Softproof-to-Press B.5.2 — Data interpretation and recon- 3. Call up the softproof settings → Link
struction the 8-bit colour TIFF file to the
(pressroom proof)
As a rule, page data are delivered as a reference printing profile on the profiled,
As described in A.3.1, it is increasingly PDF/X composite file with a CMYK printing calibrated and validated monitor.
common for data that is supplied condition as the output intent. The Soft-
to be prepared for ouput on special softproof-to-Press system interprets the page Most TIFF softproof solutions can also
proofing workstations (see Table 8 data in such a way that ICC monitor profile simulate screens and colour separations.
for requirements) on the actual press (RGB) and CMYK profile of the target press In gravure, softproofs can be TIFF/IT8 or
control desk. (or reference print profile of the relevant PDF-based.
printing condition) use absolute colorimetric
gamut mapping to correctly simulate
B.5.1 — Monitor validation the colour, including the paper white, of the B.5.3 — Adjusting the illuminance of the
First of all, the day-to-day colour accuracy resulting output. viewing light to the monitor luminance
of the monitor has to be validated by TIFF/G4-based softproofs are generat- In order to be able to compare the self-
a suitable softproofing software module ed in newspaper printing and some heat- luminous monitor image with lit originals
such as UDACT (see “ProcessStandard set web offset printing. Since screening has or printed copies, the illuminance of the
Offset” A-136) as soon as it has warmed already taken place and profiles and viewing lighting (ISO 3664:2009) must be
up. For validation it needs to be possible characteristic printing curves have been adjusted (‘dimmed’) to match the limited
to calibrate the monitor hardware (‘hard- applied, the softproof RIP must take the luminance of the monitor, without there-
ware LUT’: Look-up Table, up to 16 bit colour separation data that have already by altering the colour temperature, which
or 65536 levels per colour channel), and been output by the CtP RIP and reconstruct needs to be as close to 5000 kelvin
the characterizing ICC monitor profile suitable colour data in three stages: as possible. A luminance limit of 160 cd/m²
('matrix profile’: 8 bit or 256 levels per 1. Descreen → return the screened colour was imposed before the revision of the
colour channel) must be regularly checked separation files (1-bit TIFF, TIFF/G4) standard in 2015 due to the ageing of CRT
or updated. Ideally, characterization to greyscale, continuous tone TIFFs and LCD monitors but it no longer applies
requires a measurement device that mea and reconstruct them as a single 8-bit today. As a result, the illuminance no
sures from the usual viewing distance colour TIFF; longer needs to be dimmed to 500 lx ± 125 lx.
(remote measurement) and that is there- 2. Decalibrate (at the same time as de- What is, however, crucial is a match
fore exposed to the influence of the typical screening) → Remove the active profile between the individual choice of monitor
ambient lighting. links and characteristic printing curves, luminance, eg. 200 or 300 cd/m², and
possibly by manually editing the settings; a corresponding reduction in the maximum
42
B
illuminance of 2000 lx that reflects indus- B.6 — Production printing
try practice.
The higher the luminance of the monitor,
the better the simulation of the print on B.6.1 — Control means
brightened papers. Since in both the new Control strips should be used for all multi-
standard offset profiles, ‘PSO Coated v3’ colour jobs in a quality conscious and stan
(FOGRA51) and ‘PSO Uncoated v3 dardized production and not just when there
(FOGRA52)’, the fluorescent effects have is a need to subsequently provide proof of
already been quantified, it is strongly the quality. The latter is the norm with jobs
advised not to enhance the fluorescent where a specimen has been provided for the
effect with a bluish monitor white point production run in the form of a contract
of more than 5000 K, as was often done proof (digital proof print, press proof). Like-
in the past. The calibration and profiling wise, it should be possible to check plate-
of the monitor must be carried out at making through a digital control means that
5000 K (D50). can be placed outside the printing area.
Fluorescent lamps (fluorescent tubes)
and monitors ‘age’ and as they do so their
spectrum changes. Whilst lamps must B.6.2 — Quantities
be swapped after an operating lifespan Tone value increases must lie within the
specified by the manufacturer, daily or tolerances for the relevant values laid
regular calibration of the monitor can com- down for production printing in the corre-
↘ On the next page
pensate for some time for the ageing of sponding part of the ISO 12647 series
the display back lighting, delaying the need of standards. Solid colouring is based on TABLE 25
to replace the monitor. the contract proof or press proof. If these Tone value increases in accordance with
are not uniformly coloured then the colour ISO 12647-2 (sheet-fed offset and heatset
value information in the relevant part web offset) and ISO 12647-3 (coldset web
of the ISO 12647 series of standards or, offset) to be achieved in CtP imaging; values
in the case of offset and gravure printing, rounded to the nearest whole number are
the colour standard in question should used as aim values for characteristic printing
be used. The comparison should then be curves in offset printing. General changes from
made either visually or by means of colour 2013: 50% instead of 40% halftone control
measurement and preferably densitometri patch as reference, one characteristic curve
cally in the case of black. for CMYK instead of two curves for CMY and K 43
Tone value increase (in %) in accordance with ISO 12647-2/3:2013 Tone value increase (in %) in accordance with ISO 12647-2:2004/2007
B
for new printing conditions for the old printing conditions which continue to be used
Conventional NP-, X-, fine NP-, X-, fine
Conventional screen and NP screen screen Tone value (in %) Conventional screen screen
2013-A 2013-B 2013-C 2013-D AC (Coldset) 2013-E in the data A B C D E F
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3.3 4.6 5.8 6.4 6.0 6.8 5 2.0 3.0 3.9 4.8 5.7 6.7
6.1 8.3 10.6 11.6 11.1 12.6 10 4.0 5.6 7.3 8.9 10.6 12.3
8.5 11.4 14.3 15.9 15.5 17.4 15 5.9 8.1 10.3 12.5 14.7 17.0
10.5 13.9 17.2 19.3 19.0 21.2 20 7.6 10.2 12.8 15.5 18.1 20.8
12.2 15.8 19.4 21.8 21.8 24.2 25 9.3 12.1 15.0 17.9 20.8 23.8
13.5 17.2 20.9 23.7 23.9 26.4 30 10.7 13.7 16.7 19.8 22.8 25.9
14.6 18.2 21.9 24.9 25.4 27.8 35 12.0 15.0 18.1 21.1 24.2 27.3
15.3 18.8 22.3 25.4 26.2 28.5 40 13 16 19 22 25 28
15.8 19.1 22.4 25.5 26.4 28.6 45 13.8 16.7 19.5 22.4 25.2 28.0
16 19 22 25 26 28 50 14.3 17.0 19.6 22.3 24.9 27.5
15.9 18.6 21.3 24.1 25.2 26.9 55 14.6 17.0 19.4 21.7 24.1 26.4
15.6 17.9. 20.3 22.8 23.8 25.3 60 14.5 16.6 18.7 20.8 22.8 24.8
14.9 17.0 19.0 21.1 22.0 23.2 65 14.1 15.9 17.7 19.4 21.1 22.7
14.0 15.7 17.4 19.1 19.8 20.7 70 13.4 14.9 16.3 17.6 19.0 20.3
12.7 14.1 15.4 16.7 17.2 17.9 75 12.3 13.4 14.5 15.5 16.5 17.5
11.0 12.1 13.2 14.0 14.3 14.7 80 10.7 11.5 12.3 13.0 13.7 14.4
9.0 9.8 10.6 11.0 11.1 11.3 85 8.7 9.3 9.8 10.2 10.7 11.0
6.5 7.0 7.5 7.7 7.6 7.7 90 6.3 6.6 6.9 7.1 7.3 7.5
3,5 3.8 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.9 95 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.8
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Printing substrate (new) Typical papers Paper type (old)
1: CMYK 1: CMYK WFC, HWC, MWC 1/2: CMY 1/2: K 1/2: CMYK
2: CMYK, (2: CMYK, LWC-S, LWC-I, MWC 3/LWC: CMY 3/LWC: K
3: CMYK, 3: CMYK,
4: CMYK 4: CMYK)
5+: CMYK 5+: CMYK WFU 4/5: CMY 4/5: K 4/5: CMYK
Continuous (old) 2: CMY 2: K, 4: CMY 4: K
7: CMYK (7: CMYK) UMI, INP
4: CMYK (4: CMYK) MFC MFC: CMY MFC: K
6-B: CMYK (6: CMYK) SC SC: CMY SC: K
44
8: CMYK (8: CMYK) SNP Heatset SNP: CMY SNP: K
SNP: CMYK SNP Coldset
C
C
wedge must agree with those of a refer-

Appendix
Appendix
ence print produced under standardized
conditions that correspond to the planned
production run. Spectral colour measure-
ment is normative for proof printing and
determining colour accuracy.
C.1 — Control means The aim value colour patches of the
Fogra media wedge are a selection of key
colour patches from the standard colour
C.1.1 — Digital proof printing chart. A corresponding ‘MediaWedge3 sub-
A Fogra CMYK media wedge must be set’ of 72 measurement patches (Table 26)
placed on every contract proof print. is assigned to each of the characterization
The control block (Fig. 5) is delivered as a data sets (FOGRA28 to FOGRA51) that are
data set and in version 3.0 Proof it com- to be found in practice.
prises 59 single and multi-colour patches.
In addition, a chromatic grey wedge and →→All aim values for the standard printing
an achromatic grey wedge as well as an conditions for producing the characterization data
unprinted patch are also present. If a proof and the corresponding media wedge aim value
print is to serve as a contract proof for a subsets can be downloaded from Fogra at:
printing condition the CIELAB colour values https://www.fogra.org/index.php?menuid=316&
of the patches of the FOGRA CMYK media reporeid=225&getlang=en
TABLE 26
Measurement
Colour chart patches Characterization data Data sets for the charac
IT8.7/3:1993 Basic: 928 S (‘Small’) terization data and
ECI 2002 Target Superset: 1485 Standard up to FOGRA47 media wedge aim values
IT8.7/4:2005, ISO 12647-2:2013 Superset: 1617 L (‘Large’ up to FOGRA47),
Standard from FOGRA48
IT8.7/4, spread over 2 pages Superset: 1638 Use for individual profile generation
MediaWedge3 20 Subsets: 72 MW3_Subsets (FOGRA28 to
(Fogra CMYK media wedge 3.0) FOGRA52 linked to media wedge)
45
C
Appendix
FIGURE 5A FIGURE 5B
Fogra media wedge CMYK 3.0, available as TIFF and EPS version in different The layout of the Fogra CMYK 3.0 LFP media wedge was configured for
layouts as well as with and without markings to differentiate measurement large format printing rather than specifically for digital applications.
patches or for the beginning and end of the strip depending upon the colour The 19 mm × 13 mm patches are laid out over an area measuring
measurement device. The bvdm recomments the layout ‘V3.0a Proof’ with its 257 mm × 107 mm, which is suitable for auto-scanning devices.
patch size of 8.5 mm × 10.0 mm and overall dimension of 228.6 mm × 37.4 mm
For detailed instructions for 5A and 5B go to
applicable for scanning (auto-scanning and hand-guided) devices.
https://www.fogra.org/index.php?menuid=35&downloadid=772&reporeid=17
and https://www.fogra.org/index.php?menuid=35&downloadid=526&reporeid=17
C.1.2 — Press proof C.1.3 — Production print

In accordance with ISO 13655 and ISO In accordance with ISO 13655 and ISO
12647-1, a press proof control strip must 12647-1, a press proof control strip must
allow measurement of at least the follow- allow measurement of at least the
ing control patches: mid and three-quarter following control patches: mid and three-
tone halftone patches with circular dots quarter tone halftone patches as well
if at all possible as well as CMYKRGB as CMYKRGB solids. The control strip
solids. Control strips should be positioned should be positioned at right angles to
FIGURE 5C
at right angles to the direction of printing the direction of printing. Ideally in the
As of autumn 2017 Fogra MediaWedge
over the full width of the format. Ideally middle of the print but alternatively at
MultiColor 3.0 is available. Top-down:
in the middle of the print but alternatively the end or the beginning.
versions for 5-, 6-, 7- and 8-colour printing.
at the end or the beginning. Examples: For examples see section C.1.2.
Offset: Ugra/Fogra digital plate wedge
Ugra/Fogra PCS print control strip.
Newspaper printing: Ugra/Fogra digital
plate wedge, Ugra/Fogra-DKL-Z.
46
C
C.1.4 — Plate/Forme making on a matt white backing and surrounded C.2.2 — Colour measurement conditions
Appendix
The Ugra/Fogra digital plate wedge should by a matt grey surface with a colour In order to be able to exchange colour
be imaged on the plate in order to check density of 0.7 (in relation to ideal white) measurements sensibly, uniform measure-
the tone value behaviour of the RIP- that is at least one third as wide as the ment conditions must apply or measure-
setter configuration in relation to specific diameter of the specimen. One possibility ment device settings be used. These are
offset plate products. Preferably it should is to make board masks. For ease of clearly laid down for the printing industry
be evaluated with a plate measurement comparison the specimens should also by the ISO 13655 standard:
device that employs image analysis. The be placed edge to edge. • gloss-free 0°:45° or 45°:0° measurement
results are fed into the RIP for the tone NB: The contents of the “Normlicht nach geometry
value correction of the linearly adjusted ISO 3664:2009” [ISO 3664:2009 stan • colorimetry for the 2° standard
configuration or, alternatively, used dardized lighting] publications (bvdm 2012 observer (irrespective of the measure-
for tone value compensation in prepress. and Fogra Sonderdruck 28 2012) are now ment patch size)
largely out of date and should no longer be • D50 standard illuminant (5000 K)
→→ For a detailed description of the procedure and used as a basis on which to work. • CIELAB values (L*, a*, b*), spectral
the set up of standard compliant tone value transfer ISO 3664:2009 (confirmed 2015) speci reflectance if applicable
see “ProcessStandard Offset 2012” B-146ff fies how large the UV component of the • matt white backing for the specimen
appraisal lighting has to be in order to (ceramics, plastic, board or 3 proof sub-
generate D50 standardized lighting physi- strate sheets; gloss ISO 8254-1 [75°] < 40;
cally correctly. In the new M1 measurement optical brightener-free; chroma C*ab < 3.0
mode ISO 13655:2009 (revised 2017) or better < 2.4; from ISO 13655:2017
C.2 — Viewing and measure-
defines a corresponding UV component onwards the white spectral values result
ment conditions for the measurement light, which has been in a lightness L*ab of between 91.2 and
implemented in spectrophotometers since 96.4), matt black specimen backing with
Drupa 2012. This means that for the first colour density of c. 1.5 for production run
C.2.1 — Viewing conditions time apparaisal lighting and measurement process control
(visual colour appraisal) devices can stimulate the brighteners • M1 measurement mode (with UV compo
Matching procedures and other critical and make the blue shift and brightening of nent in measurement light; no polarization,
appraisals require a high illuminance the paper colouring visible or measure it i.e. no polfilter in the measurement device
of 2000 lx ± 500 lx, because it is only then in an almost identical way. Expensive inline beam path – see Table 27)
that minor differences become apparent. measurement systems are unaffected by • Colour difference calculation (see Table 28)
A standard D50 (5000 K) illuminant must this and only their external reference mea
be used. The specimens must be placed surement device must be M1 capable.
47
The bvdm has reservations about the use case, individual primary colours need to Method Colour difference
C
ISO 12647 covered formula
of the new CIEDE2000 colour difference be balanced. CIELAB(1976) is tried
-2:2013 Offset Normative:
formula. Not only are the values calculated and tested for this and is outstandingly
Appendix
CIELAB(1976);
-3:2013 Newspaper
using CIELAB(1976) and CIEDE2000 suitable, whereas CIEDE2000 is not.
-4:2014 Illustration Informative:
not compatible, its application only makes Consequently, at least for parts 2 to 5 of gravure CIEDE2000 (not
recommended)
sense for proof printing (ISO 126417-7:2016), the standard, the bvdm advises againt -5:2015 Screen
because in this process a reverse control the CIEDE2000 formula, which is in -6:2012 Flexo CIEDE2000
of the colour channels needs to be carried any case only informative. In the case of -7:2016 Proofing
out from time to time. Whereas, during flexo printing (part 6) the normative -8:2012 Validation CIELAB(1976)
production printing (parts 2 to 6 of the requirement can at least be justified Print
standard), it is a matter of stabilizing the by the high proportion of spot and substi-
printing process, and where, in the best tute colours. TABLE 28
Colour difference formulae specified
in the parts of the ISO-12647-standard
for the various printing methods
or prepress and associated processes
TABLE 27
Mode Applications Device settings Spectral range [nm] UV component
Measurement modes in
M0: ‘A, no Conventional colour measurement in prepress Degree of spectral reflection without Visible (from 380, Mathematically
printing industry spectro polfilter’ and printing, generating ICC output profiles polfilter under standard illuminant mandatory extended (extrapolated)
photometers in accordance (up to characterization data FOGRA50) A (incandescent lamp, 2856 K) 400…700) as required
with ISO 13655:2017 M1: ‘D50, Physically correct colour measurement in Degree of spectral reflection without Near UV and visible UV-LEDs necessary;
no polfilter’ prepress and printing, generating high quality polfilter under standard illuminant (360…700 nm) radiation transition UV/vis
ICC output profiles taking brightening into D50 (LEDs, 5003 K) with physically (300…500nm) CIE D50
account (from char'data FOGRA51/52) correct UV portion compliant if possible
M2: ‘UV-Cut’ UV-free colour measurement by cutting the Degree of spectral reflection without Near UV cut Suppressed or
UV component out of measurement light polfilter, but with UV cut filter below (from 400, manda- excluded
380 or 400nm tory 420…700)
|M1 – M2| Effect of optical brighteners in substrates and M1 and M2 one after the other see M1 and M2 Isolated evaluation of
fluorescent inks; determining Δb* on brightened or vice versa UV effect
papers, eg. with selection of papers and proof
print substrates for the ECI-v3-Profile (2015)
M3: ‘Polfilter’ Colour densitometry for wet-dry compensation Selective (RGB+Vvis) or degree of Visible (from Suppressed or excluded
and selective densitometry (CMYK); Spectral spectral absorption with crossed 400, mandatory
densitometry spot colours; Colour measurement pair of polarization filters engaged 420…700)
with Polfilter on intensive scale, effect pigment under standard illuminants A or D50
inks and for formulation
48
C
C.2.3 — Density measurement conditions C.3 — Control of proof prints The proof print must also display simple
Appendix
Under the ISO 5 series of standards, and easy to understand status information.
for colour accuracy and other
CMYK primary colours should be measured This should be placed in the margin, usually
densitometrically with a filter in accordance
criteria in the vicinity of the Fogra media wedge:
with ‘Status E’ (ISO 5-3). This means that A prerequisite for the authentic simula- • Producer of the proof print (company,
compared with the US guidelines (‘Status tion of a print job under a given printing possibly contact),
T’) a narrow band evaluation takes place condition is to select the most suitable • Production data for the proof print
for colour channel Y. As a result proof printing substrate. ISO 12647-7:2016 (file name, date, time),
the solid Y colour density is nearly as high classifies the substrates and the • Description of the proof printing system
as those for C and M. Spot colours are corresponding values (see Table 29). (RIP software, type of inkjet printer),
measured with the colour channel that Checking the colour accuracy of digital • Description of the materials used (inks,
yields the highest colour density, if no ‘spec- proof prints involves the use of a Fogra- proof printing substrate),
tral density’ function available. Measure CMYK media wedge that fulfills the require- • Reference printing condition (printing
ments should normally be made with ments of ISO 12647-7. This monitors those condition to be simulated),
polarization filters. One exception is the requirements for proof printing systems as • Colour management settings used
measurement of offset plates (if no plate they impact on print control strips in ISO (‘source profile’: input or working colour
measurement device is available) and 12647-7. The aim values for the media wedge space profile; ‘target profile’: proof printer
possibly the characterization of a proofer. (72 patches in each case for various stan profile; ‘simulation profile’: reference
The following also apply: matt white back- dard printing conditions) are available printing profile: eg. name of the standard
ing for the specimen (for details see C.2.2), on the Fogra website as ‘MediaWedge3_ profile or the characterization data for
matt black specimen backing for production Subsets’ text files (see C.1.1). the printing condition to be simulated).
run process control. When using spectro- With the publication of the new version
photometers with densitomtric functions of the standard, ISO 12647-7:2016, differ- Additional recommendation: nozzle test
(spectraldensitometer) measurement ences and variations are to be calculated line for checking that all the nozzles in the
mode M3 should be selected (see Table 27). using the CIEDE2000-formula and this inkjet printhead are functioning properly
should be indicated by the appropriate (RIP software option).
subscript (see Table 30). This applies to
the simulation of all printing conditions – →→See “ProcessStandard Offset 2012” B-99ff for
irrespectively of whether thay are new further requirements for proof prints and specifically
or remaining valid for the time being. for the simulation of gloss finishing see B-105f

49
C
Parameter ISO ref. Values, Steps Selection of proof print substrate Standard illuminant Mode Simulation of production paper colouring
Appendix
Colouring 13655:2017 L* ≥ 95, a* = b* = 0 ± 2 ‘White’ D50 M0, M2 –
Fluorescence, 15397:2014 ≤ 1 brightener-free ‘Moderate’ for new printing D50 with high UV compo- M1 No (the standard profile already takes into
‘D65 bright- bzw. 1 < weak ≤ 4 condition 1 nent in accordance with account the colouring and brightening effect
ness differ- 2470-2:2008 4 < low ≤ 8 ISO 3664:2009 of the appropriately selected proof printing
‘Strong/high’ for new printing
ence’ ΔB 8 < moderate ≤ 14 substrate)
condition 5+
14 < strong/high ≤ 25
‘Brightener-free’ for all other D50 with low or cut UV M0, M2 Yes (production paper colouring plus bluish
printing conditions component adjustment of brightener effect)
Gloss 8254-1 < 20 matt ‘matt’, ‘semi-matt’, ‘matt-satin’ or – 75° (TAPPI) –
20 ≤ semi-matt ≤ 60 ‘glossy’ to match the production
> 60 glossy substrate
TABLE 29 Note 1: The ΔB of the fluorescence levels have been deter to approximately 3,7 < Δb* ≤ 6,2 and 14 < ΔB ≤ 25 corresponds
Classification of unprinted proof printing substrates mined by the paper industry using its normal standard to approximately 6,2 < Δb* ≤ 10,4.
in accordance with ISO 12647-7:2016 by fluorescence illuminant/field of view settings of D65/10°/UV–UVex rather Note 2: As a general point, the light-fastness of the proof
(spectrophotometrically determined optical brightening than values that can be converted into the normal printing printing substrate should now be as high as possible.
steps) and gloss (now only one method) as well as industry settings of D50/2°/M1–M2. However, for practical Note 3: Even if measurement modes M0 or M2 would suffice,
the bvdm application recommendation for suitable proof purposes it is possible to relate the D65/10° ΔB values the uniform use of measurement mode M1 is recommended
printing substrates and prevailing conditions to D50/2° CIELAB Δb* values: So, 8 < ΔB ≤ 14 corresponds for the sake of comparability and consistency.
TABLE 30
Tolerances in accordance with ISO 12647-7
(it is not possible to convert between new and old) Proof criteria and tolerances
Measurement patches New (-7:2016), based on CIEDE2000 Old (-7:2007), based on CIELAB(1976) for job-related process control
Proof criterion in Fogra media wedge colour difference formula colour difference formula
with the aid of the digital
Paper white C 21 Measured value ∆E*00 ≤ 3,0 Measured value ∆E*ab ≤ 3
proof print;
Overall colouring all Mean value ∆E*00 ≤ 2,5 Mean value ∆E*ab ≤ 3
Maximum value ∆E*00 ≤ 5,0 Maximum value ∆E*ab ≤ 6 ∆E* = ‘Colour difference’,
Primary colour solids A1, A6, A11, A21 Maximum value ∆E*00 ≤ 3,0 Maximum value ∆E*ab ≤ 5 ∆H* = ‘Hue difference’,
A1, A6, A11 Maximum value ∆H*ab ≤ 2,5 Maximum value ∆H*ab ≤ 2,5 ∆Ch = ‘Chroma difference’
Chromatic grey B 16 to B 21 Mean value ∆Ch ≤ 2,0 Mean value ∆H*ab ≤ 1,5
Maximum value ∆Ch ≤ 3,5 –
Solids, poss. spot colour – Maximum value ∆E*00 ≤ 2,5 –
con-/halftones
50
Tolerances in accordance with ISO 12647-7
C
Criterion (it is not possible to convert between new and old)
TABLE 31 new (-7:2016), based on old (-7:2007), based on
Appendix
the CIEDE2000 colour the CIELAB(1976) colour
Tolerances in accordance with ISO 12647-7 Colour chart patches of the proof difference formula difference formula
for the certification of proof prints or proof Compared with the characterization data for the printing condition in question
printing systems (type certificatoin, manu
95 % of all patches (P95 percentile, Q095 quantile) ∆E*00 ≤ 5 ∆E*ab ≤ 6
facturer) using test charts in accordance with
Mean value for all patches ∆E*00 ≤ 2.5 ∆E*ab ≤ 2.5
ISO 12647-2 (see Table 26)
Mean value for patches in the outer part of the ∆E*00 ≤ 2.5 ∆E*ab ≤ 4
colour space
Maximum for the primary colour solids ∆E*00 ≤ 3,0, –
ΔH*ab ≤.2.5
Mean value for all patches except spot colours ∆E*00 ≤ 2.5 –
Maximum value for all patches except spot colours ∆E*00 ≤ 5 –
Maximum for spot colour solid patches ∆E*00 ≤ 3.0 –
Compared with the production run, if the proof substrate is gloss overprinted
and the brightening similar to the production substrate
Maximum for all patches ∆E*00 ≤ 3.0 –
C.3.1 — Certification of proof prints Checks when certifying proof prints

The production of contract proofs has in accordance with ISO 12647-7:
become a key factor in quality control and • Adherence to the tolerances of the
the Fogra media wedge has established Fogra-CMYK 3 media wedge
itself as a reliable and independent means • Determination of the colour accuracy
of checking the colour accuracy of digitally (ISO 12642-2 colour chart), the gamut
printed originals in day to day prepress and and grey balance
printing practice. For example, when certi • Gloss measurement in accordance
fying proof prints, the printing and media with ISO 8254-1 (75°, TAPPI)
industry federations (vdm) and Fogra • Tone value transfer and gradations
check the prints in accordance with criteria • Register adherence and resolution
that are based on ISO 12647-7:2016 and • Status information
issue certificates that confirm this quality • Colorimetric tone value transfer
to the service provider (also see Table 31).
Laser printing systems are not certified. 51
C
C.3.2 — Certification of proof printing tions cover the product manufacturers proof printing substrates—and in particu-
Appendix
systems and substrates not the users. lar those containing optical brighteners,
Manufacturers of proof printing systems which in the past were relatively unsta-
can have their products (specific inkjet ble—and also the inkjet inks have become
printer hardware, software version) C.3.3 — Lifespan of digital proof prints considerably more stable over time.
certified by Fogra (‘type certification’). The length of time that a digital proof print Every proof supplier should be aware
Certification is based on the criteria preserves its colour accuracy in accor- of or determine the stability of the combi
of ISO 12647-7:2016 (also see Table 31). dance with the accompanying media wedge nations of substrates and ink they use.
Likewise, the manufacturers of proof evaluation depends upon the chemical Table 32 describes the test and the permit-
printing substrates can also have their stability of the components and, specifi- ted tolerances.
products (proofing papers in various cally, their lightfastness and resistance to
grammages, levels of brightening and ambient conditions. In the past, significant →→Also see “ProcessStandard Offset 2012” B-108
degrees of gloss) certified by Fogra changes even within short spaces of time for the lightfastness and resistance to ambient
(also see Table 29). These two certifica- were not uncommon. Since then, both the conditions of proof prints
TABLE 32
Test step Description
Course of a permanence test
Inkjet print, four examples ISO-12647-2 colour chart with complete ink set on proof printing substrate
for digital proof prints and
Drying In accordance with ISO 187: 24 hours at 23 °C ± 1 °C
and 50 % ± 2 % relative humidity in darkness the permitted tolerances for
Reference colour measure- Measure L*a*b* values of all the patches of the colour chart the colour accuracy achieved
ment in accordance with ISO 13655:2017, M1 measurement mode in inkjet printing in accor
Copies split between four Short timescale test 1: Short timescale test 2: Long timescale test 1: Longtimescale test 2: lightfastness
different storage conditions 24 hours at 24 hours at one week in accordance with ISO 12040,
dance with ISO 12647-7:2016
25 °C ± 1 °C and 40 °C ± 1 °C and at 40 °C ± 1 °C and i.e. Xenon lamps-dose corresponding
25 % ± 2 % in darkness 80 % ± 2 % in darkness 10 % ± 2 % in darkness to step 3 on the Wool Scale
(bleaching of wool thread dyed
with ‘Acid blue 83’)
Comparative colour Measure L*a*b* values of all patches (as above),
measurement In each case, calculate difference to reference colour measurement
Tolerances Glossy proof print substrates should not exceed a ∆E*00 of 2.5
and should lie below a ∆E*00 2,
Matt proof printing substrates should deviate up to a ∆E*00 of 4
52
C
C.4 — Resources for use in tone and lowkey motifs together with their
Appendix
monochrome realizations focus on the
prepress and printing
highlight, midtone and shadow ranges in
order to be able to check the grey balance.
The highly chromatic image, ‘13_coloured’,
C.4.1 — roman16 bvdm reference images
supplements this good overview of all the
The roman16 bvdm reference images are
important colour tones of a colour space.
specially composed test motifs for visual
The images contain various flesh tones
evaluation, processing and output in
where even the slightest colour variations
premedia and print. They allow compre-
quickly become apparent.
hensive judgements to be made about
The main purpose of the roman16 bvdm
the colour rendering and details of image
reference images is to check the conversion
reproduction over the entire production
from RGB to CMYK data for the chosen
process. The publication was created by
printing condition.
the Bundesverband Druck und Medien e. V.
(bvdm) in conjunction with the European
→→For further information go to:
Color Initiative (ECI) and has been availa-
www.roman16.com/en
ble worldwide for use since July 2007.
The aim with the roman16 bvdm reference
images was to develop a series of motifs
that on the one hand formed an aestheti
cally closed family with a variety of domi-
nant colour themes and on the other hand
featured image criteria that are important
for the planned proofing purposes.
The human eye is the most important
arbiter for the evaluation of image quality.
There are test images for the primary
colours cyan, magenta, yellow and black
(monochrome realizations of the first three
motifs), the secondary colours red, green
and blue as well as the tertiary colours
brown, olive and pastel. The highkey, mid-
53
C
FIGURE 6
Appendix
The 16 motifs of the
roman16 bvdm
reference images:
01_highkey,
02_midtone,
03_lowkey,
04_cyan,
05_magenta,
06_yellow,
07_red,
08_green,
09_blue,
10_olive,
11_brown,
12_pastel,
13_coloured,
14_highkey_BW,
15_midtone_BW,
16_lowkey_BW
54
C
C.4.2 — Altona Test Suite 2.0 – the PDF/X files that have each been
Appendix
composition and application produced for specific applications. The
The Altona Test Suite is a joint project carefully created reference prints have
by the Bundesverband Druck und been produced under the corresponding
Medien (bvdm), Berlin, the European standard printing conditions in accor-
Color Initiative (ECI), Ugra St. Gallen dance with the international ISO 12647.
and the Forschungsgesellschaft Druck Table 33 lists the components following
(Fogra), Munich. The Altona Test Suite the ‘2016 update’ (ATS2+).
application package encompasses all
the various printing conditions together →→Also see www.altonatestsuite.com English version
with the related reference prints and and “ProcessStandard Offset 2012” A-128ff; on the
test forme files as well as all the charac ATS2 application package
terization data, ICC profiles and
documentation. In addition, it contains →→Altona Test Suite 1.2 Online-Version: www.eci.org
55
C
TABLE 33
Appendix
Test formes Description on reference prints as files on DVD
Components of the Altona
Measure Contains control means for the adjustment and checking of output systems like in ATS2 PDF/X-3 in ATS2,
(Fig. 7a) digital proof printers or conventional or digital printing systems through colorimetric and ATS2+ PDF/X-4 in the Test Suite 2.0 (ATS2)
or densitometric measurements; not limited in use to a specific printing condition update for ATS2+ incl. 2016 update (ATS2+)
Visual Serves for the visual checking of PDF/X-3 or PDF/X-4 compatibility. Since these
(Fig. 7b) PDF/X versions make a wokflow with colour management possible, this test forme
contains various components with device independent colours, eg. ICC-based
CIELAB and RGB as well as CMYK and spot colour data. In combination with
the reference prints, the ‘Visual’ file allows visual checking and adjustment of the
colour accuracy of print simulation on a proof printing system.
All natural CMYK motifs (21 to 25) were produced in Adobe Photoshop from the
same set of RGB images with ‘profile conversion’ and ECI-RGB as the source
colour space, the corresponding output-intent proﬁle for the PDF/X file as the target
colour space and photographic rendering intent (Photoshop: perceptual).
As a result, there are differing CMYK and overall ink application values depending
upon the particular printing condition
roman16 Reproduction of all 16 roman16 images distributed over four test formes
-1/-2/-3/-4 with four motifs apiece
(Fig. 7c)
Technical 1, 2 Deals with overprints and character set formats from a technical perspective. in ATS2 PDF/X-3-files
(Fig. 7d) ‘Technical’ contains 864 carefully structured patches to thoroughly check in ATS2
whether a PostScript RIP is capable of correctly implementing overprinting.
This test forme also contains text in all major character set formats
(Type 0 CID, Type 1, Type 2 CID, Type 3, TrueType).
Envelope No. Reference prints contained Output test formes AM screen FM screen
ATS2 1 Sheet-fed offset: gloss coated paper (paper type 1) Measure, Visual, roman16 6 × FOGRA39 6 × FOGRA43
2 Sheet-fed offset: matt coated paper (paper type 2) Measure, Visual, roman16 6 × FOGRA39 6 × FOGRA43
3 Heatset web offset: Measure, Visual, roman16 6 × FOGRA45, –
LWC Improved (paper type LWC) and SC (paper type SC) 6 × FOGRA40
4 Sheet-fed offset: uncoated, wood-free white paper Measure, Visual, roman16 6 × FOGRA47 6 × FOGRA44
(paper type 4)
5 Paper type 2 representative Technical 1 and 2 spread over 4 A3 –
test formes
ATS2+ 6 Sheet-fed offset: premium-coated matt, moderate Measure, Visual, roman16 6 × FOGRA51, –
(2016) brightening (printing substrate 1 new) and uncoated, 6 × FOGRA52
wood-free, white paper, strongly brightened
(printing substrate 5+ new)
56
1
C
2
FIGURE 7A
Appendix
4
Altona Test Suite 2.0, 2016 update, test forme page 1

0
9 10 11 12
1
100
2
80
‘Measure’ for standard printing condition 1 with the
3
60
4
40
5
20
1617 patch IT8.7/4:2005 colour chart in accordance with

6
100
80 7
ECI/bvdm Gray Control Strip (M) • FOGRA51 • ISO 12647-2 gray balance condition ‘CIELAB black ink’ • Offset on Premium coated paper (PC1) • ISO 12647-2:2013 • Reference FOGRA51.txt (www.fogra.org) • www.eci.org, www.bvdm.org
8
60
ISO 12647-2:2013 and the Fogra CMYK media wedge 3.0,

9
40
10
20
11
100
positioned for the control of proof prints in accordance

12
80
20
60
30
40
with ISO 12647-7:2016, as well as with KCMY solid strips

40
20
50
100
5 6 7 8
60
80
and colour specimens, secondary colour patches and the

70
60
80
40
88
20
ECI/bvdm Gray Control Strips M alongside KCMY step wedges

89
my
90
cy
91
cm
92
cmy
93
k 30
cmy 30
94
95
k 50
cmy 50
96
97
k 70
cmy 70
98
99
ECI/bvdm
GrayCon M • v3
FOGRA51
100
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Characterization Target ISO 12642-2 (1617 patches) Input data for characterization of 4-colour process printing
Altona Test Suite 2.0 Update No Official Reference Print

© 2016 Bundesverband Druck und Medien
ISO 12647-2:2013 | Offset | 60-80/cm (150-200 lpi)
Characterization Data FOGRA51.txt | “white backing, M1”
Profile PSOcoated_v3.icc www.bvdm.org www.eci.org
Printing substrate 1 | Premium coated (semi-matte)
Fluorescence moderate 20
Page 1 of 2 | “Measure” | May 2016
www.fogra.org www.ugra.ch
ATS2_Measure_2016 DVD.indd 1 04.05.16 06:50
21
FIGURE 7B
100
22 23 24 28 Black + Spot color “Orange”
Altona Test Suite 2.0, 2016 update, Test forme page 2
90
80
70
60
‘Visual’ with elements for visual checking such as primary
50
40
30
20
colours, duplex/spot colour (here: orange), device independent

10
29
100
90
colour definitions, overprints, gradations and print output

80
70
60
50
resolution, that can be quantitatively checked in turn with

40
30
20
10
25 26 27 31 30
the Fogra-CMYK media wedge 3.0

100
90
80
70
60
50
ECI/Fogra/bvdm Gray Control Strip (L) • FOGRA51 • ISO 12647-2 gray balance condition ‘CIELAB black ink’ • Offset on Premium coated paper (PC1) • Reference FOGRA51.txt (www.fogra.org) • www.eci.org, www.bvdm.org
40
30
32 33
20
10
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
34 35
30
46
20
42 43 44 45
Altona Test Suite 2.0 Update No Official Reference Print

10
© 2016 Bundesverband Druck und Medien

my
ISO 12647-2:2013 | Offset | 60–80/cm (150–200 lpi)

Characterization Data FOGRA51.txt | “white backing, M1”
cy
Profile PSOcoated_v3.icc www.bvdm.org www.eci.org

41
cm
Printing substrate 1 | Premium coated (semi-matte)

cmy
Fluorescence moderate
Page 2 of 2 | “Visual” | May 2016 100 k 100 k+50 c
k 30
www.fogra.org www.ugra.ch
cmy 30
k 50
47 48 36 37 38 39 40
Hamburgefonsaltona
cmy 50
Hamburgefonsaltona
Hamburgefonsaltona
Hamburgefonsaltona
k 70
Hamburgefonsaltona
57
Hamburgefonsaltona
cmy 70
Hamburgefonsaltona
Hamburgefonsaltona
ECI/bvdm
49 GrayCon L • v3
FOGRA51
50
C
Appendix
17
FOGRA51
GrayCon L • v3
1 2
ECI/bvdm
100
cmy 70
90
k 70
80
cmy 50
70
k 50
60
cmy 30
50
k 30
40
cmy
30
cm
20
cy
10
my
100
10
90
20
80
30
70
40
60
50
50
60
40
70
30
80
20
90
10
100
100
10
90
20
80
30
70
Altona Test Suite 2.0 Update
40
60
Page 1 of 4 ISO 12647-2: 2013 | Offset | 60/cm – 80/cm (150 lpi – 200 lpi) Printing Substrate 1 | Premium coated
18 roman16 -1 Characterization Data FOGRA51.txt | white backing, M1 Fluorescence moderate
No official reference print
50
50
© 2016 Bundesverband Druck und Medien www.bvdm.org www.eci.org www.fogra.org www.ugra.ch May 2016 Profile PSOcoated_v3.icc
60
40
70
30
3 4
80
20
90
10
100
100
10
90
20
80
30
70
40
60
50
50
60
40
70
30
80
20
90
10
100
my
10
cy
20
cm
cmy
30
40
k 30
cmy 30
50
60
k 50
cmy 50
70
80
k 70
cmy 70
90
100
ECI/bvdm
GrayCon L • v3
FOGRA51
FIGURE 7C
Altona Test Suite 2.0, 2016 update, test forme ‘roman16’,
page 1 of 4 with motifs 07, 08, 09 and 11, the secondary
and tertiray colour patches that correspond to the motif
colours and two ECI/bvdm Gray Control Strips M
FIGURE 7D FIGURE 7E
Altona Test Suite 2.0, ‘Technical 1’ Altona Test Suite 2.0, ‘Technical 2’
test forme for PDF/X (trapping combined test forme for PDF/X-4 (transparencies,
with character sets) layers, OpenType, JPEG2000);
separate ‘trapping’ patches available 58
C
C.4.3 — ECI/bvdm Gray Control Strip FIGURE 8
Appendix
(‘GrayCon’) for grey balance control Positioning options for
The goal of process control on the press GrayCon versions on sheets
is to be ‘in colour’ quickly. If the major or web cut-offs with long
process parameters such as standardized or short grain pages
platemaking, tone value increase, paper
and ink have been ensured then only a
short space of time is required to optimally
adjust the ink feed (colouring)—with inline
controls this is now even possible non-stop.
The ECI/bvdm Gray Control Strip—refer
red to as ‘GrayCon’ in the trade—is designed
to help printers bring the printing process
into agreement with a proof printed under This means that one is comparing (www.eci.org/en/downloads#eci_bvdm_gray_
standardized conditions as closely as pos- a technical tone composed of defined control_strip_2017). The filename comprises
sible. Consequently, the GrayCon is based values of cyan, magenta and yellow the stem of the name ‘ECI_GrayCon’, the
on the same characterization data as (chromatic grey) with a pure black tone layout abbreviation ‘S/MM_i1/L’, the charac-
were used in prepress with the appropriate value (achromatic grey). By ‘balancing’ terization file ‘FOGRA##’ and the version
standard ICC profiles (e.g. ECI profiles the inks on the press the two differently number—either v2, resource ‘ECI bvdm
v2 and v3) and evaluation of the Fogra composed patches are made to appear Gray Control Strip (old versions)’ or v3,
CMYK media wedge 3. In the case of identical. Precise use of the GrayCon resource ‘ECI bvdm Gray Control Strip 2015’
ECI offset profiles, these are Fogra charac- makes stable and reliable results possible (also available from the bvdm website at
terization data. and ISO 12647-2:2013 (Table 17) grey bvdm-online.de/themen/technik-forschung/
Grey balance patches are a good balance values should always be preferred richtlinien-und-handreichungen/).
indicator of correct ink feed and make for this purpose. The v2 data also include the ‘tvi 10’
visual monitoring quick and simple. The GrayCon is available in four differ (10% tone value increase) measurement
To this end the GrayCon adopts one ent layouts (see Fig. 9a–d). Depending wedge, which contains solid and super-
simple rule: chromatic grey should look upon intended purpose and the available imposed print as well as 10 % halftone
precisely the same as achromatic grey. space, each of these can be used indivi patches but no grey balance patches.
By using the ink feed, the objective dually or in combination (Fig. 8). The sets This makes it equally suitable for all old
is therefore to bring the GrayCon of strips (PDF, EPS) and German and Eng- and new printing conditions. It is used to
chromatic grey patches into agreement lish documentation (PDF) can be down- check production prints in accordance
with the achromatic grey patches. loaded free of charge from the ECI website with ISO 12647. 59
FIGURE 9A–E C
Layouts and functions of the ECI/bvdm Gray Control Strip
Appendix
ECI/bvdm Gray Control Strip (S) • FOGRA51 • v3
FIGURE 9A
Basic version 'S' (Small)
Dimensions (incl. identification line) 36 mm × 8 mm, The identification line of the wedge allows the printing
made up of three achromatic/chromatic pairs of condition used to be checked and should therefore be present
6 mm × 6 mm patches: on the forme.
• Achromatic patches in tone value steps of K = 70 %, Due to the one-dimensional nature of inking control (more
K = 50 % and K = 30 %, or less ink) on the press it is not always possible to adjust
• The corresponding CMY chromatic grey patches all three chromatic patches so that they are neutral. Since,
were calculated by mans of absolute colorimetric in practice, black is used in the printing, the dark patches
CIELAB conversion of the K value in question from are less critical and attention should be focused on lighter
the corresponding characterization file and laid down patches. If necessary, the calibration of the process for tone
with maximum chromatic composition (no black). value increase should be checked.
cmy 70 k 70 cmy 50 k 50 cmy 30 k 30 cmy cm cy my 20 40 60 80 100 20 40 60 80 100 20 40 60 80 100 20 40 60 80 100

GrayCon M • v3
FOGRA51
ECI/bvdm
ECI/bvdm Gray Control Strip (M) • FOGRA51 • ISO 12647-2 gray balance condition ‘CIELAB black ink’ • Offset on Premium coated paper (PC1) • ISO 12647-2:2013 • Reference FOGRA51.txt (www.fogra.org) • www.eci.org, www.bvdm.org
FIGURE 9B
Expanded version 'M' (Medium)
cmy 70 k 70 cmy 50 k 50 cmy 30 k 30 cmy cm cy my 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

GrayCon L • v3
FOGRA51
ECI/bvdm
FIGURE 9C
Expanded version 'L' (Large) 60
FIGURE 9D C
Expanded version 'L' (Large) with groups of patches
Paper white Superimposed solid print (trapping) patches Start patch
Appendix
cmy 70 k 70 cmy 50 k 50 cmy 30 k 30 cmy cm cy my 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
GrayCon L • v3
FOGRA51
ECI/bvdm
End patch grey balance patches Halftone primary colour step wedges—solids
FIGURES 9B–D
Dimensions (incl. identification line) L: 291 mm × 10 mm com- • Halftone step wedges for each of the four primary
posed of 5.5 mm × 6 mm patches (apart from end patch). The colours K, Y, M, C, with tone values between 10 % and
51 monitoring patches can be divided into the following groups: 100 % in 10-% steps. providing visual (by means of
• Start and end patch (rquired for the positioning of a colour specimens) and quantitative control of the solid
hand-held scanning device ahead of the first measurement colouring as well as determination of the characteristic
patch and termination after the last patch), printing curves.
• Paper white patch as white reference for densitometric Since, in some cases, the boundaries between neighbouring
measurements and determining the paper coloration, control patches cannot be distinguished, narrow black or
• The three achromatic-chromatic grey pairs of the basic white guide lines have been included.
version S, Dimensions (incl. identification line) M: 197.5 mm × 10 mm
• Superimposed solid print patches (trapping patches) for composed of 5.5 mm × 6 mm patches (apart from end patch).
visual and quantitative checking of the secondary colours Reduced to 32 control patches by expanding the tone value
(M + Y, C + Y, C + M) as well as tertiary black (C + M + Y), steps to 20 %.
in order to be able to detect trapping problems,
cmy 70 k 70 cmy 50 k 50 cmy 30 k 30 Stop cmy 70 Paper k 70 my cmy 50 cm k 50 cy cmy 30 cmy k 30 100 20 80 40 60 60 40 80 20 100 100 20 80 40 60 60 40 80 20 100 < Start
GrayCon M i1 • v3
FOGRA52
ECI/bvdm
ECI/bvdm Gray Control Strip (M i1) • FOGRA52 • ISO 12647-2 gray balance condition ‘CIELAB black ink’ • Offset on Wood-free uncoated paper (PC5) • ISO 12647-2:2013 • Reference FOGRA52.txt (www.fogra.org) • www.eci.org, www.bvdm.org
FIGURE 9E
Option M i1: contains patches for rapid i1 scanning
measurement of the chromaticity coordinates and
characteristic printing curves; the grey balance
patches that it features are for visual evaluation only. 61
ISO standards Relevance
C
Paper parameter or measurement method referenced to ISO 12647
Product name
C.5 — Communicating paper
Appendix
Product or trade name, optionally, also name of paper manufacturer – –
properties Mechanical proprties: fibre material
For many years, the consistent listing and Relative grammage (density) ISO 534 –
communication of paper parameters were Thickness –
neglected. Since 2014, there has finally Specific volume –
been a standard in the form of ISO 15397 Grammage ISO 536 uses
Bending resistance (stiffness) for sheet-fed offset substrates ISO 2493-1 –
—also known as the ‘Paper Label’—which
Mechanical proprties: surface topography
draws together the major paper-based
Parker Print Surf (PPS) roughness ISO 8791-4 –
substrate parameters (Table 34). All these
Bendtsen roughness ISO 8791-2 –
parameters are described in their own
Bekk smoothness ISO 5627 –
ISO standards and this standard should
Optical properties: gloss
be more widely used in professional com- TAPPI 75° converging beam ISO 8254-1 favours
munication for printed product planning 75° parallel beam ISO 8254-2 refers to
and become inispensable. (or ASTM D7153)
Absorption properties such as TAPPI 20° converging beam ISO 8254-3 –
wettability or absorption capacity do not Gloss on coloured surfaces at 20°/60°/85° ISO 2813 –
form part ofISO 15397. For these, Optical properties: transparency

Opacity ISO 2471, ISO 13655 –
please refer to the Sappi publication
Optical properties: colouring (paper white)
“Papier. Normen & Maßeinheiten”
Diffuse reflectance factor in blue region of spectrum ISO 2470-1 –
[Paper, Standards & Measurement Units]. with ‘ISO Brightness’
Diffuse reflectance factor in blue region of spectrum ISO 2470-2 –
→→Also see “ProcessStandard Offset 2012, with ‘D65 Brightness’
2016 revision” pages 30/31 on communicating CIE white D65/10° in outer region, also generally accepted ISO 11475 uses
CIE white C/2° in inner region ISO 11476 –
paper properties
CIELAB paper colouring D50/2° general ISO 13655 uses
CIELAB paper colouring D65/10° in the outr region ISO 5631-2 –
Optical properties: fluorescence (paper white-brightening with OBA)
Wide field of view with D65/10° (‘D65 Brightness’) ISO 2470-2 uses
Narrow field of view with D50/2°, M1 or |M1–M2| modes ISO 13655 uses
TABLE 34 Viewing conditions (visual) ISO 3664 uses
Paper parameters covered Durability properties
by ISO 15397:2014 Storage and ageing of proof printing papers ISO 187 –
62
C
C.6 — Glossary ICC profiles for standard printing condi- CIE (Commission Internationale
Appendix
tions; Download FOGRA51 and FOGRA52: de l'Éclairage)
https://www.fogra.org/index.php? French abbreviation for the International
Absolute colorimetric menuid=316&reporeid=225&getlang=en Commission on Illumination, which has
Type of colour transformation in which the headquarters in Vienna. It, together with
colour values within the portrayable part the ISO and the IEC is responsible for
of the source colour space are transformed Characterization table internationl standardization in the field
into corresponding values in the target Table that serves as the foundation for of illumination technology and colour
colour space, with the white of the source profile generation and measurement; www.cie.co.at/
colour space being simulated (if it is darker • either compares the measured colour
than the white of the target colour space). values of an original with data set values
Used in proof printing and softproofing; obtained once it has been input CIELAB colour space
cf. Rendering Intent, perceptual, relative • or compares data set values with the An approximately perceptually uniform
colorimetric, Fig. 11. colour values measured on their ouptut colour space defined by the perpendicular
to print or the screen. L*, a*, b* coordonates, see Fig. 10.
CIELAB was not originally developed as
Appraisal ISO 12641 (previously ANSI IT8.7/1) charac- a colour space but for colour difference
Critical visual comparison of two images. terization tables are particularly important evaluations. It is based on the so-called
for input and ISO 12642 tables are particu- complementary , colour system of
larly important for print output. It is pos- mutually exclusive extremes: light-dark,
Bitmap sible for a dozen profiles differing in black red-green, yellow-blue.
Storage intensive because loss-free form composition, manufacturer's profiling tool
of coding in which the lightness information and other details to all be based on one
is stored for every pixel and every colour. characterization table. Therefore, in order CIELAB colour values L*, a*, b*
Commonly encountered bitmap formats to precisely specify an output intent it is Colour values calculated from the CIE
includes RAW (digital photography), TIFF sensible to provide the output profile. tristimulus values X, Y, Z: L* = lightness,
and TIFF/IT. a* = red-green chromaticity, b* = yellow-
blue chromaticity. In accordance with
ISO 13655 only CIELAB values are speci-
Characterization data (CharData) Chromaticity locus, chromaticity coordinates fied in the printing industry. Unit: 1.
Here: text files made available by Fogra The colorimetric properties of a colour The CIELUV system does offer certain
containing characterization tables in the colour space defined by three colour advantages for self-emitters such as
that serve as the basis for calculating values. monitors. However, in order to ensure 63
C
the comparability of measurement values, CIELCH ∆E*00 colour difference, formmulae and they should therefore
Appendix
CIELUV should be confined to this limited CIEDE2000 always be identified by an appropriate
number of applications. Difference using the modified CIELAB- suffix after the DeltaE, i.e. ∆E*00 , or ∆E*ab ;
colour difference formula between also see sections A.3.2 and Fig. 1.
two chromaticity loci portrayed with
CIELAB ∆E*ab colour difference, specially weighted coefficients as LCH in
CIELAB(1976) the three dimensional CIELAB colour space. CMM (colour matching module)
Difference between two chromaticity loci CIEDE2000 achieves an even greater or colour engine
in the CIELAB colour space calculated using perceptual uniformity in the evaluation of Software for the mathematical conversion
the following formula: colour differences than CIELAB(1976). of colour image data from one colour
The weighting means that the calculated space to another colour space (colour trans-
colour difference values cannot be con- formation) through the use of one or
∆E*ab = ∆L*2 + ∆a*2 + ∆b*2 verted between the two colour difference more ICC profiles. Several ICC profiles are
The values ∆L*, ∆a*, ∆b* are the differences

between the actual and the aim values of CIELAB colour space Yellow+b*
a chromaticity locus projected on to three
axes. The quantities ∆E*ab, ∆L*, ∆a*, ∆b*
are pure numbers and the unit is 1 and not,
for example, ∆E. A colour difference of 1
corresponds, on average, to a difference
between two sufficiently large, homogeneous FIGURE 10
colour patches that is just discernible. Representation of gamuts
in the CIELAB-colour space:
Green -a* Red +a*
original (transparency or
digital photo) and the ability
CIELCH system
of different printing methods
Intuitive portrayal of the CIELAB colour
to represent it. The outlined
space in which the Cartesian coordinates
colour spaces represent
a* and b* are replaced in the formula
Tran examples from practice.
by the cylinder coordinates chroma C* and
Offset The vertex values inevitably
hue H* or hue angle h; cf. Table 30 and 31.
Gravure change with different
Blue -b* Newspaper paper-ink combinations. 64
C
usually linked to a profile before the col- a maximum for the complementary colour Colour temperature, similar/correlated
Appendix
our transformation takes place, so saving to the corresponding primary colour The colour temperature of a radiator
time and increasing the accuracy of the (red/orange filter for cyan, green filter for is the temperature in kelvin (K) of an ideal
transformation. A CMM may be a standard magenta and blue/violet filter for yellow). black body radiator with the same
extension of an operating system (Apple Black is measured with a broad band chromaticity values (x, y) as the radiator
ColorSync, Windows ICM) or a proprietary spectral curve that matches the brightness in question.
component (‘3rd party CMM’) of an appli- perception of the human eye (‘vis-filter’).
cation program. All major applications Colour density increases with increasing
in the field of colour management are able ink layer thickness up to a saturation value. Colour values
to call on their own CMM. In Europe, colour density values are placed Colour space coordinates of a hue
after a decimal point. obtained from the spectral relectance
levels. For example, the CIE tristimulus
CMYK composite values X, Y, Z, the CIE chromaticity
Type of file in which the tone values for the Colour management values x, y, z or the CIELAB colour values
process colours required for printing have Methods for maintaining or the controlled L*, a*, b*. Unit: 1.
already been calculated (i.e. the separation adjustment of colour information in
has already taken place) but the splitting the workflow from original to print. It also
into individual files or separations has not includes calibration and monitoring. Control strip
yet occurrred or where for exchange or One-dimensional arrangement of patches
display reasons these have been reunited for quantitative and/or visual evaluation.
into a single file again. Colour measurement device
Device for measuring colorimetric quantities,
such as colour values and colour differences. Crossmedia publishing
Colour density D Multiple use of the same digitally stored
Term in printing technology for the information for various media or printing
reflection density. The negative log to Colour space conditions.
the base 10 of the reflectance factor: The colour space is the three-dimensional
(volumetric) representation of the
D = – lg R, unit: 1 colour values determined through colour CxF3, color exchange format (Am. Engl.)
measurement. CxF 3.0 colour data container format
In order to measure it for chromatic in which the colour measurement device
printed specimenrs a densitometer is used manufacturer X-Rite defines the XML
with a narrow band spectral curve with core and the XML schema in accordance 65
C
with ISO 28178:2008. This allows both for yellow and polarization filters are region). Circular dots are specified
Appendix
colour coordinates (CIEXYZ, CIEL*a*b*) preferred (see ISO 5). If polarization is because they can be compared with print
and spectral data to be exchanged. The not used then the density of wet and control strips. Unlike chain dot screens,
data container is supported manufacturer- dry ink films differs; also see section C.2 square and circular dot screens do not
independently by many applications such and Table 27. exhibit a principal axis.
as ink formulation, colorimetric printing
process control and in the laying out of
colour libraries. Destination profile dpi (dots per inch)
See ICC profile. US unit used for the resolution of output
devices. To convert from dpi values into the
official cm–1 units divide by 2.54.
CxF/X, colour data exchange format DeviceLink profile
(Br. Engl.) ICC profile for the direct adjustment
ISO 17972 series of standards based on between two output colour spaces ECI (European Color Initiative)
CxF3 that besides the interpretation with the same number of channels, eg. Expert group that focuses on the media
of exchanged scanner and output target CMYK1 to CMYK2, without going via neutral processing of colour data in
data defines the generation of spot a profile connection space (PCS) such digital publication systems (www.eci.org).
colour data (CIEL*a*b*, spectral data) as CIELAB or XYZ. This method simpli- Founded in 1996 at the instigation
and their exchange in prepress workflow fies the application of standard profiles of a series of publishers (Bauer, Burda,
(Table 2B, SCTV). under individual printing conditions Gruner + Jahr and Springer) in Hamburg.
and above all when the chromatic compo Members include customers, agencies,
sition differs (goal: enhanced ink saving premedia companies, printers, federations
Densitometer thanks to lower overall ink quantities), (the bvdm being one), research institutes,
Measurement device for determining the but also for stable output on digital colleges and system suppliers. The original
colour density of reflection copy originals printing systems. focus was ICC-based colour management,
or the transmission density of transmission gravure printing, advertisement production
copy originals. The device may be either but today it also includes data exchange
a densitometer in the classic sense that Dot shapes standards (eg. PDF/X) and process stan
is fitted with colour filters and, ideally, Chain dots (string of pearls or chain-like dardization (eg. gravure, offset).
with polarization filters or it may be a spec- structures), circular dots (circular over
trophotometer with additional densito the entire tone value scale) and square
meter functions. In Europe, devices with dots (which primarily exhibit a chequer
narrow band spectral characteristics board structure in the mid tone value 66
C
ECI-CMYK, eciCMYK Euroscale ‘00’ (for CIEDE2000) to distinguish them
Appendix
Largest possible CMYK colour space that, Obsolete term for the CMY chromatic from the out of date ‘ab’ (for CIELAB(1976)).
on the recommendation of the European offset inks that at the time fulfilled the All Fogra's licensees make the target values
Color Initiative, should be used as a working conditions of the long since withdrawn available in their own evaluation programs.
and exchange colour space but not as DIN 16539:1971. The CMYK ink scales for When choosing measurement devices and
a standard printing condition. It is based all printing methods are today defined proof printing systems, users of the media
on FOGRA53 characterization data in ISO 2846. The chromaticity coordinates wedge should check that these support the
with a tone value curve that is an average and tone value increases that are to media wedge and display CIELAB measure
for all printing methods. This means be achieved on production papers are con- ment values that conform to ISO-13655.
that, on output, an adjustment must be tained in the ISO 12647 series of standards. The standard media wedge package (TIFF
made for the actual printing condition. and EPS file formats) contains several
The bvdm only recommends its use as an different layouts. This means that the user
exchange colour space for Wide Gamut Fogra CMYK media wedge is able to check the entire process chain
digital printing, also see Tables 1 and 7. This digital control means (see Fig. 5) has at any time, and this is always to be recom-
been developed by Fogra (www.fogra.org) mended when new application programs
together with the expert committee of the or new versions of programs are used or
ECI-RGB, eciRGB_v2 bvdm from 1996 onwards. Today, the Fogra other changes are made in the workflow.
Colorimetrically defined RGB colour space CMYK media wedge is recognized world- In order to ensure a reliable output of proof
with an extended gamut with a link to wide as a control means for digital proof prints with accurate colour and agreement
CIEXYZ that is produced by a profile depos- printing. It is essential for professionally between the image contents and the
ited with the ECI. eciRGB_v2 (2008) produced contract proofs and therefore measurement values of the media wedge
is recommended by the European Color it is integrated as a licensed component it is always essential to check both the
Initiative as a working colour space in into many proof printing systems and RIPs. workflows and the proof printing system.
the field of prepress and data exchange The media wedge can also be used as Checking output systems by themselves
and is standardized as an ISO technical a digital control means in the workflow in is not enough to consistently prevent
specification (ISO/TS 22028-4:2012); order to observe the effect of image editing problems arising.
also see section A.1 and Table 1. in CMYK mode and other prepress inter-
ventions. It is not intended for control of
the production run. The current version, 3.0, Gamut
EPS (Encapsulated PostScript) also allows evaluation in accordance with The maximum extent of the visible colour
Special PostScript format, used for the the revised ISO 12647-7:2016 standard, space that an original, method or output
embedded transport of finished page and the measured parameters should device (device colour space) uses. See also
elements within another file. therefore be clearly marked with the suffix Rendering Intent. 67
C
Gamut Mapping ICC (International Color Consortium) and its relationship to an absolute colour
Appendix
Non-standardized adjustment routine for A common interest group (www.color.org) space. On output for proofing, the target
mapping a larger colour space on one that founded in 1993 at the instigation of the profile describes the monitor or the proof
is the same size or smaller; see Rendering Forschungsgesellschaft Druck e. V. (Fogra) printer, as well as the simulation or
Intent and Fig. 11. in Munich with the goal of making open, reference printing profile of the printing
manufacturer-independent colour manage- condition to be simulated.
ment possible. Besides specifying colour
GRACol profile formats (ICC profiles) the ICC also
A process control concept from IDEAlliance supports efforts to apply them in so-called Illuminance
(USA) that has been heavily marketed ICC conforming file formats, applications Light energy per unit area. Unit: Lux (lx);
worldwide. GRACol is sometimes described and conventions, including PDF or PDF/X 1 lx = 1 lm/m² (Lumen per square metre).
as an ‘application of ISO 12647-2’. This amongst others.
is incorrect, since it starts from differing
premises. For a long time the GRACol Illuminant
method was not fully documented. GRACol ICC profile Radiation with a defined spectral distri
is almost exclusively based on a grey Correction file with instructions for a CMM bution within a wavelength range
balance (NPD, neutral print density curve) for conversion between device- or process- in which it can influence the perception
and is based on uniform tone value related (e.g. CMYK) and colorimetric colour of the colour of an object through
increases for all printing conditions, which data (e.g. CIELAB) and vice versa based absorption and reflection or transmission.
demonstrably cannot be adhered to in on a characterization table and special An illuminant can also be described
practice; www.gracol.com software settings. There are input profiles by its Colour temperature, e. g. a D50
(scanner and digital camera profiles illuminant corresponds most closely
in RGB), display profiles (monitor profiles to daylight and a colour temperature
Grey balance in RGB) and output profiles (printing of 5000 kelvin.
Set of tone values for cyan, magenta method and proof printer profiles, largely
and yellow with which a print produced in CMYK). Profiles with different
under specified printing conditions numbers of channels (e. g. RGB to CMYK) ISO (International Standardization
and under specified viewing conditions are transformed via a profile connection Organization)
yields an achromatic colour (grey, chro- space (PCS) such as CIELAB or XYZ. Based in Geneva, the ISO (www.iso.org)
matic grey). DeviceLink Profiles are tailored for direct either sells ISO standards itself or
CMYK-CMYK conversion. A source profile through the national standards institutes.
is one that is delivered with the data The activities of the printing industry
and that describes the nature of the data are covered by Technical Committee 130 68
C
(ISO/TC 130) and members of its work Micrometre at tone values of less than 10 % and more
Appendix
groups are delegated by the corresponding 1 micrometre = 1 µm = 0.001 mm, used inter than 90 %, with fluid transitions to AM
national mirror committees. These members alia for stating the diameter of laser dots screening.
include individuals who have worked in imaging systems or register accuracy in
on the drafting of MediaStandard Print. multi-colour printing.
OK sheet
Printed copy in production printing selected
Lightness L* Mid-tone spread S to serve as the reference for the remainder
The perception of a colour as lighter or Difference between the highest and the of the run and which itself has frequently
darker than another one or, in other words, lowest tone values at the same position been matched against a digital proof print
as giving off more or less light. Unit: 1. on the print for C, M, Y. Unit: %. or a press proof.
The symbol for differences in lightness is ∆L*.
Multicolor OPI (Open Prepress Interface)

lpi (lines per inch) Short for ‘multi(ple) colo(u)r printing’, A prepress concept that saves storage
Imperial/US screen ruling unit. It can i.e. more than the four primary colour of space and in which page layout programs
be converted into the metric cm–1 unit by CMYK, e.g. C-M-Y-K-red-orange/green/vio- (e. g. Adobe InDesign, QuarkXPress) use
dividing it by 2.54. let-blue; can be standardized in accordance a low resolution monitor version as a
with ISO 20654; also see SCTV. placeholder for a higher resolution image
that is held on the server. On output,
Luminance the low resolution image is replaced by
Measure of the intensity of light in a given Non-periodic screen (NP screen), the higher resolution image. The current
direction and at a given three-dimensional frequency modulated screen (FM screen) Adobe OPI specification is OPI 2.0:2000.
angle that passes though a given cross- Screen without fixed screen angle and ruling PDF/X supports the OPI approach but not
sectional area. Unit: cd/m2 (Candela per values (in contrast to a periodic or ampli- OPI comments.
square metre). tude modulated screen or AM screen), since
the elements are more or less randomly
distributed or follow defined scattering PDF (Portable Document Format)
Media neutral data rules. An NP screen is characterized by Platform independent, object oriented
Data stored in output neutral form. the program used to generate it and its document description format developed
smallest possible dot size. So-called hybrid by Adobe with the option to embed bitmap
screens or cross-modulated screens or vector images, as well as fonts. Primarily
(XM screen) are configured as NP screens used for exchanges between systems. 69
C
PDF/X Pixel (contraction of ‘picture element’) Press proof
Appendix
ISO 15930 (PDF/X) is a series of standards Smallest resolved image element of an Print produced on a press for the purpose
based on PDF (Adobe Acrobat) that image capture system (scanner, digital of portraying the result of the colour
was developed with the aim of being able camera), monitor or output device (plate- separation process in such a way that it
to make error-free (‘blind exchange’) setter, digital press). represents the result on a production press
PDF documents available for colour as closely as possible. At any given point
management-conforming print output; whilst corrections are being made or after
also see section B.1.1 and Table 12. Polarization filter, Polfilter they have been completed, the purpose
Filter that only allows light through in of the press proof is to provide a visual
a single plane of vibration. Densito- preview that is as close as possible to the
PDFX-ready meters with pairs of crossed polarization anticipated result of the production run.
Swiss printing industry initiative that sup- filters yield almost identical colour The standardized press proof supplied with
plies training materials, program settings densities for wet and dry prints (wet-dry the repro (film set) serves as evidence that
(‘recipes’), preflight profiles, test pages compensation), which are higher than the appearance of the image portrayed on
for PDF/X-1a and PDF/X-4 workflows those yielded by devices without a polari it is essentially achievable in the production
(incl. ‘PDFX-ready courses’); zation filter. run under standard conditions, whatever
www.pdfx-ready.ch/index.php?show=3 press the proof was printed on. The evidence
is provided by the values of an original
PostScript control strip printed with the proof and
Perceptual Vector-based page description and adherence to the other conditions for
Form of colour transformation in which the programming language from Adobe. a standardized press proof. A proof can
colour values within the portrayable part be supplied instead of a press proof.
of the source colour space are transferred
in a perceptual way to the (usually) smaller ppi (pixels per inch)
gamut of the target colour space, so US/Imperial unit for the resolution of Primary colour
that the white of the source colour space input devices (scanner, digital camera); In multi-colour halftone printing the colour
becomes the white of the target colour ppi values are converted into the metric generated by just one of the colouring agents
space; also see Rendering Intent, Fig. 11. cm–1 unit by dividing them by 2.54. (pigment, dye). In normal cases, the colours
C, M, Y, K are also referred to as process
colours. In special cases there may be others.
For example the replacement of M by orange.
70
C
ProcessStandard Offset tising purposes. Rather it serves as evidence Production print
Appendix
The ‘PSO manual’ (670 pages) is based that a print or prepress company has Print from the production run.
on the international standardization guide- successfully and systematically optimized
lines and serves as the reference for production through standardized work-
quality-oriented industrial production. flows (see www.PSOinsider.de). Profil e
The objective is to configure a production Contents and workflow are regularly See ICC profile.
process that is divided up between multiple checked and updated to reflect the current
participants and stages so that it is as guidelines. The certification inspection
efficient as possible and, at the same time, is undertaken jointly by the originators of Proof
to ensure that intermediate and final ProcessStandard Offset—Fogra and the See Proof print.
results exhibit a predictable colour quality bvdm or one of its regional federations—
and that production quality is assured from with either Fogra or the relevant regional
data capture to finished printed product. federation carrying out the on-site Proof print
The current 2012 edition has been completely certification inspection and its certification Print, not produced on a press, that is
revised and reorganized and covers all partner checking the printed results. intended to simulate the desired printed
offset methods including newspaper and This neutral, four-eye approach is unique result on a production press. The English
narrow web printing. The switch to the in the industry and guarantees a reliable term ‘proof’ refers both to a press proof
new ISO 12647-2:2013 printing conditions and, above all, unchallengeable result, and an off-press proof. In contrast to
has been made with the supplementary which is certified by the globally recognized an idealized proof print, with a gamut and
‘2016 revision’ (56 pages). The resulting regional printing and media federations characteristic printing curves that are
complete edition of manual and supplement and Fogra. Another unique feature of this not specifically tailored to a particular
therefore is and remains the basis for procedure is that the certifying institutions printing method, a method-related proof
ProcessStandard Offset or ISO 12647-2 reinvest a substantial portion of their print serves as the contract simulation of
certification. fees in the advancement and adaptation the production run.
of the international guidelines.
PSOaktiv is an enhanced, added value
ProcessStandard Offset Certification extension of this certification that is only Publishing
Time-limited certification of standardized available to companies holding a bvdm/ Umbrella term for all the steps involved
production processes based on the quali- Fogra PSO certificate. The PSO certificate in the production of publications from
tative and statistical criteria of the bvdm's is issued on the basis of a one-off inspec- design and editing of content up to output.
ProcessStandard Offset, and therefore tion whereas for PSOaktiv companies
of ISO 12647-2. The certificate is not an end are required to demonstrate compliance
in itself and nor is it intended for adver with PSO guidelines every three months. 71
C
Initial colour space Saturation Absolute colorimetric Perceptual
Appendix
(unaltered) (linear compression) (clipping) (non-linear compression)
b* b* b* b*
a* a* a* a*
FIGURE 11
Models for gamut mapping (rendering intents in ICC profiles): Saturation Colours are strongly saturated and brilliantly
in the first instance there are two models for mapping the protrayed at the expense of colour accuracy.
input colour space on to the output colour space for the print-
Perceptual (photographic) Perceptual mapping of the
ing process being used: clipping and compression. In both
original colour space on to the output colour space.
cases, these two extremes only deliver satisfactory results
for a very limited range of motifs. Non-linear compression • The neutral white is laid down on the paper white.
offers a compromise. • The furthest non-portrayable colours are 'projected' on
to the edge of the colour envelope. All the colours lying
Absolute colorimetric All portrayable colours are rendered
in between are more or less evenly 'shrunk' together with
unaltered colorimetrically, non-portrayable colours are
the portrayable colours.
replaced by the nearest protrayable colour.
Relative colorimetric Another fixed colorimetric conversion →→See ProcessStandard Offset 2012 B 2.1.1 for
but this time in relation to the paper white. A neutral white working with black point compensation,
from the originsl is laid down on the paper white. which is usually used in conjunction with relative
colorimetric rendering intent.
72
C
Reference printing condition and checkable rendering of colour values, per inch (ppi) in the case of input
Appendix
Standardized, generally known printing mainly when simulating (proof printing) devices and dots per inch (dpi) in the
condition in which the quantities assume an ouput process on a different output case of output devices.
specified aim values. Example: offset with device or the output of defined colour
a screen ruling of 60/cm on 15 g/m2 illustra- values in printing.
tion printing paper, inks in accordance with relative colorimetric—relative colori RGB data
ISO 2846-1. metric is used for the precise and Type of data in which the colour infor
media-related rendering of colour values, mation is broken down into red, green
mainly for a partial simulation that and blue primary colour channels.
Reference printing profile is related to the white of the medium of
See ICC profile. an output process on a different output
device. RIP (Raster Image Processor)
perceptual—perceptual rendering is used Software or computer for calculating
Relative colorimetric for a harmonious rendering of colour values the greyscale bitmap to be written by
Form of colour transformation in which the in printing that takes into account the dif- the output device.
colour values within the portrayable part fering gamuts of original and print, mainly
of the source colour space are transformed for the colour separation of images.
into the corresponding values of the target saturation—saturation oriented render- Screen angle
colour space, so that the white of the ing is used to emphasize the chroma In the case of dots with a long axis, the
source colour space becomes the white of during the rendering in print of the colour angle between the principal axis of
the target colour space. Used for proof values of the original, with the aim of the screen and the reference axis.
printing on original paper; see Rendering maintaining the saturation of the colour In the case of circular or square dots the
Intent, Fig. 11. values of the original, mainly for the smallest angle between one of the
colour separation of graphics and charts two axes of the screen and the reference
(business graphics). axis. As in mathematics, the angle is
Rendering Intent measured in an anticlockwise direction.
Description of the desired rendering of Angles are measured from a baseline
images and graphics on an output device Resolution of 3 o'clock on the right-reading image.
or in an output process. The rendering In the case of an input scanner the number Unit: degree.
intent is closely linked to (non-standard- of lines read per unit of length, in the
ized) gamut mapping, see Fig. 11. case of an output device the number of
absolute colorimetric—absolute colori addressable lines that can be written Screen definition
metric rendering is used for precise per unit of length. Units: cm–1, also pixels Inverse of the screen ruling. Unit: cm or µm. 73
C
Screen resolution TIFF/IT Total ink coverage (TVI)
Appendix
One way of describing the resolution of a Special ISO 12639 TIFF format. Sum of the tone values in all four colour
printing screen. In the case of periodic separations of a set. Unit: %. For most
screens it corresponds to the screen ruling colour sets the highest tone value sum
(number of image elements such as screen Tone value A occurs at the darkest point on the grey
dots and lines per unit length in what- (on original, proof print and print) Percent- axis of the image.
ever direction results in the highest value. age portion of the surface that appears
Unit: cm–1), for non-periodic screens to be covered by the colouring agent of a
it corresponds to the edge length of the single colour (if light scattering processes Ugra/Fogra digital plate wedge
smallest image element. in the substrate and other optical phenom Digital control means for filmless plate-
ena are disregarded), calculated by means making.
of the Murray-Davies formula. Unit: %.
SCTV, spot colour tone value Previously also referred to as the ‘equivalent
Halftone values for spot colours. It does dot area’. The advantage of this definition Ugra/Fogra digital print control strip, DKL
not therefore relate to solid spot colours is that it still makes sense if the measured Digital control means for monitoring press
but to screened colour separations for spot tone is not screened, as is the case with, for proofs and production prints.
colours in addition to the CMYK primary example, many digital proof prints.
colours (Duplex / Duotone K+, Multicolor
CMYK+/CMYK++/CMYK+++) completely Vector image, vector graphics
replacing the primary colours (usually in flexo Tone value increase ∆A Space saving form of coding that repre-
printing); standardized in ISO 20654:2017; Difference between the tone value in the sents lines through vectors, only the
for colour measurement data for SCTV data set and the print. Unit: %. The value end points of which are saved. Examples:
characteristic printing curves see Table 2B, is generally stated for a specific halftone PostScript, EPS. cf. Bitmap.
CxF/X-4a. value—for old printing conditions this
was 40% and for the new ones it is 50%.
Source profile
See ICC profile. Tone value reproduction limits
The tone value range of a data set that
can be transferred to the print.
TIFF (Tagged Image File Format)
Bitmap format administered by Adobe.
74
C
C.7 — References and Internet • ISO 2846-3:2002 – Publication gravure ISO 12640 → Graphic technology – Prepress
Appendix
printing. digital data exchange;
sources
• ISO 2846 4:2008 – Screen printing inks.
• ISO 12640-1:1997 + Cor.1:2004 – CMYK
standard colour image data (CMYK/SCID).
ISO 3664:2009, confirmed 2015 →
C.7.1 — Referenced ISO standards and series • ISO 12640-2:2004 + Cor.1:2008 – XYZ/
Graphic technology and photography –
of standards sRGB encoded standard colour image
Viewing conditions.
data (XYZ/SCID).
Valid standards in numerical sequence, as of • ISO 12640-3:2007 – CIELAB standard
ISO 8254-1:2009 → Paper and board –
February 2018; available from ISO, Geneva colour image data (CIELAB/SCID).
Measurement of specular gloss –
• ISO 12640-4:2011 – Wide gamut display-
Part 1: 75 degree gloss with a converging
ISO 5 → Photography and graphic tech referred standard colour image data
beam, TAPPI method.
nology – Density measurements; [Adobe RGB (1998)/SCID].
• ISO 5-1:2009 – Geometry and functional ISO 9241-307:2008 → Ergonomics of

ISO 12641:2016 → Graphic technology –
notation. human-system interaction – Part 307:
Prepress digital data exchange – Colour
• ISO 5-3:2009 – Spectral conditions. Analysis and compliance test methods
targets for input scanner calibration.
• ISO 5-4:2009 – Geometric conditions for electronic visual displays.
for reflection density.
ISO 11475:2017 → Determination of ISO 12642 → Graphic technology – Pre-
ISO 2470-2:2008 → Paper, board and CIE whiteness, D65/10 degrees (outdoor press digital data exchange – Input data
pulps – Measurement of diffuse blue daylight). for characterisation of four colour process
reflectance factor – Part 2: Outdoor printing;
daylight conditions (D65 brightness). ISO 12639:2004 → Graphic technology –
• ISO 12642-1:2011 – Initial data set.
Prepress digital data exchange – Tag image
• ISO 12642-2:2006 – Expanded data set.
ISO 2846 → Graphic technology – Colour file format for image technology (TIFF/IT)
and transparency of printing ink sets for und ISO 12639:2004/Amd.1:2007 – Use of
ISO 12646:2015 → Graphic technology –
four-colour printing; JBIG2-Amd2 compression in TIFF/IT.
Displays for colour proofing – Charac
• ISO 2846-1:2017 – Sheet-fed and heat- teristics.
set web offset lithographic printing.
• ISO 2846-2:2007 – Coldset offset litho-
graphic printing.
75
C
ISO 12647 → Graphic technology – Process ISO 15397:2014 → Graphic Technology – ISO 16613-1:2017 → Graphic technology –
Appendix
control for the production of half-tone Communication of graphic paper properties. Variable content replacement – Part 1:
colour separations, proof and production Using PDF/X for variable content replace-
prints; ISO 15930 → Graphic technology – Prepress ment (PDF/VCR-1).
digital data exchange – Use of PDF.
• ISO 12647-1:2013 – Parameters and mea
ISO 17972 → Graphic technology – Colour
surement methods. • ISO 15930-4:2003 – Complete exchange
data exchange format (CxF/X);
• ISO 12647-2:2013 – Offset lithographic using CMYK and spot colour data using
• ISO 17972-1:2014 – Relationship to CxF3
processes. PDF 1.4 (PDF/X-1a).
(CxF/X).
• ISO 12647-3:2013 – Coldset offset litho • ISO 15930-6:2003 – Complete exchange
• ISO 17972-2:2016 – Scanner target data
graphy on newsprint. of printing data suitable for colour-
(CxF/X-2).
• ISO 12647-4:2014 – Publication gravure managed workflows (PDF/X-3).
• ISO 17972-3:2017 – Printer target data
printing. • ISO 15930-7:2008/Rev.2010 – Complete
(CxF/X-3).
• ISO 12647-5:2015 – Screen printing. exchange of printing data (PDF/X-4)
• ISO 17972-4:2015 (revised 2017) – Spot
• ISO 12647-6:2012 + Amd.1:2015 – Flexo and partial exchange of printing data
colour characterisation data (CxF/X-4).
graphic printing. with external profile reference (PDF/X-4p)
• ISO 12647-7:2016 – Proofing processes using PDF 1.6.
ISO 20654:2017 → Graphic technology
working directly from digital data. • ISO 15930-8:2010 + Cor.1:2011 – Partial
– Measurement and calculation of spot
• ISO 12647-8:2012 – Validation print pro- exchange of printing data using PDF 1.6
colour tone value (SCTV).
cesses working directly from digital data. (PDF/X-5).
• ISO/NP 12647-9:2017: Decorative metal • ISO/DIS 15930-9:2017 – Complete
ISO/TS 22028-4:2012 → Photography
printing. exchange of printing data (PDF/X-6) and
and graphic technology – Extended colour
partial exchange of printing data with
encodings for digital image storage,
ISO 13655:2009/Rev.2017 → – Graphic external profile reference (PDF/X-6p)
manipulation and interchange – Part 4:
technology – Spectral measurement using PDF 2.0.
European Colour Initiative RGB
and colourimetric computation for graphic
colour image encoding [eciRGB (2008)].
arts images. ISO 16612 → Graphic technology – Variable
data exchange;
ISO 14861:2015 → Graphic technology – • ISO 16612-2:2010 (confirmed 2015) –
Requirements for colour soft proofing Using PDF/X-4 and PDF/X-5 (PDF/VT-1
systems. and PDF/VT-2).
• ISO/NP 16612-3:2018 – Using PDF/X-6
(PDF/VT-3).
76
C
C.7.2 — bvdm, Fogra and other publications Betzler, Florian: Does your printer have the Nax, Herrmann; van Duuren, Maurice:
Appendix
necessary tools to ensure optimal printing? Papier. Normen & Maßeinheiten.
Adloff, M; Bestmann, G.; Dolezalek, F.; Test formes for the evaluation and Sappi Fine Paper Europe, 2007
Meinecke, K. M.; Süßl, F: MedienStandard adjustment of ink and fountain solution https://tinyurl.com/jvf6g8o
Druck – Technische Richtlinien für rollers. Extra 10, Fogra, Munich, 2013
Daten und Prüfdrucke (previous editions). www.fogra.org/plugin.php?menuid=125 Obermayr, Georg; Kleinheider, Peter:
Bundesverband Druck und Medien (bvdm), &template=mv/templates/mv_show_ PDFX-ready Guideline 2014 (English)
Wiesbaden, 1997/2001/2003/2004/ front.html&download=1&field_id=97&mv_ or 2016 (Deutsch) www.pdfx-ready.ch/
2007/2010 id=10&mv_content_id=140339 index.php?show=174
Adobe Systems: OPI 2.0:2000, bvdm: MediaStandard Print 2018. Schmitt, Ulrich: Ugra/Fogra digital
www.adobe.com/content/dam/Adobe/en/ Technical Guidelines for Data, print control strip (PCS) instructions (57).
devnet/postscript/pdfs/5660.OPI_2.0.pdf Proof and Production Run Printing. Fogra, Munich, 1998
bvdm, Berlin, 2018 (Art. No. 86 036),
Altona Test Suite 2.0 – Application Kit. www.bvdm-online.de/handreichungen Schmitt, Ulrich: Ugra/Fogra digital
bvdm, Berlin, 2013 (Art. No. 85230) plate wedge instructions (60). Fogra,
and 2016 update (Art. No. 85506), Dieckhoff, Frank; Meinecke, Karl Michael: Munich, 2014
www.altonatestsuite.de roman16 bvdm reference images, Bundes
verband Druck e. V., Wiesbaden, 2007 Schmitt, Ulrich: Ugra/Fogra print control
Belz, H: ProzessStandard Offsetdruck. (Art. No. 85237), www.roman16.com/en strip newspaper DKL-Z instructions. Fogra,
Wirtschaftlich und farbsicher produ- Munich, 2001
zieren von der Datenerzeugung bis zum Fischer, P.; Kneubühler, B.; Kraushaar, A.;
Auflagendruck. bvdm, Wiesbaden, Karp, P.; Kleeberg, D.: whitebox digital Srinivasan, Anand: ISO 12647-3:2013 –
2012 (Art. No. 85498); bvdm, Berlin, printing. viscom – swiss print & Quality standard for newspaper production.
2016 revision (Art. No. 85505) communication association, Berne, 2015 WAN-IFRA Report, Frankfurt am Main, 2015
(ISBN 978-3-9523482-6-0) www.wan-ifra.org/sites/default/files/
field_article_file/WAN-IFRA_Report_
Kraushaar, Andreas: Fogra-Medienkeil ISO12647-3_0.pdf
CMYK V3.0 – Anleitung zum Gebrauch.
Fogra, Munich, 2014 www.fogra.org/
index.php?menuid=35&downloadid=
772&reporeid=0
77
C
C.7.3 — Internet sources Fogra Forschungsgesellschaft Druck e. V.,
Appendix
Munich, www.fogra.org, with character-
bvdm – Bundesverband Druck und ization data and media wedge subsets
Medien e. V. (German Printing and Media www.fogra.org/en/fogra-standardization/
Industries Federation reg. ass.), Berlin, fogra-characterizationdata/a-icc-en.html
www.bvdm-online.de, with its regional
associations, www.bvdm-online.de/ ICC – International Color Consortium,
bvdm/landesverbaende, www.color.org
and their printXmedia consultancy
network, www.printxmedia.net ISO – International Standardization
Organization, Geneva, www.iso.org
CIE – International Commission on Illumi-
nation, Vienna, www.cie.co.at, with CIE PDFX-ready, Switzerland,
Division 8 ‘Image Technology’, div8.cie.co.at www.pdfx-ready.ch/index.php?show=3
DIN – Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V. PSO insider – Joint project by the German
Berlin and Cologne, www.din.de, with printing and media federations andFogra,
Beuth Verlag GmbH, Berlin www.beuth.de; www.pso-insider.de/en
NA 017 – DIN-Normenausschuss Druck- und
Reproduktionstechnik (NDR), www.din.de/ QSD insider – Chcking if digital print quality
de/mitwirken/normenausschuesse/ndr by the German printing and media federa-
tions, www.qsd-insider.de
ECI – European Color Initiative, www.eci.org,
with its standard ICC profiles published in ugra, St Gallen, www.ugra.ch/en
2015, DeviceLink profiles v2/v3 and v3/v2
and updated GrayCon files www.eci.org/ Verband Druck & Medientechnik Österreich,
doku.php?id=de:downloads Vienna, www.druckmedien.at
ERA – European Rotogravure Association WAN-IFRA – World Association of News-

e. V., Munich, www.era.eu.org papers and News Publishers, Frankfurt
am Main and Paris, www.ifra.com
78

00 MediaStandard - Print - 2018

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

00 MediaStandard - Print - 2018

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

00 MediaStandard - Print - 2018

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

MediaStandard

Imprint Imprint The following have contributed to the present

General Information and Overview

MediaStandard Print is based on international Olaf Drümmer,

B.6 — Page 43 Production printing

C.2 — Page 47 Viewing and measurement conditions

Goals Contents and Application

General Information (Table 1). In the printing industry, only those

General Information and Overview

and Overview colour temperature as close to 5000 kelvin

A.1.1 — Three component colour data:

General Information and Overview

General Information and Overview

General Information and Overview

General Information and Overview

General Information and Overview

Printing method Paper classification Characterization data: ‘standard profiles’; validity

↖ Continued from previous page

General Information and Overview

A.2.2 — Publication gravure: printing TABLE 4

General Information and Overview

­finished sheet-fed gravure is, like flexo,

A.2.3 — Screen printing: printing conditions TABLE 5

and coloration tolerances for white 3 large gamut

not supported by the tone value control 90 ≤ L* ≤ 100 –3 ≤ a* ≤ +3 –5 ≤ b* ≤ +5

required by the standard due to the Ink categories

standard ICC profiles, ECI offset profiles

General Information and Overview

General Information and Overview

General Information and Overview

General Information and Overview

General Information and Overview

General Information and Overview

– 100 – 50 0 50 100 a* – 100 – 50 0 50 100 a*

A.3.4 — Press proof

General Information and Overview

→→See ‘Process Standard Offset 2012’ B-81ff,

A.4 — Control means and Application Control means in MSP section

Guidelines for the Adobe Acrobat. The loss-free bitmap-

Delivery of Data exchange of individual images. Conversely,

Printing should only be delivered once specific agree­

* still in use for Adobe InDesign 23

Classic media specific workflow

Source profile Target profile

Other proof Rendering intent:

Source profile Target profile

Other proof Rendering intent:

The eciCMYK working colour space (Table 1)

ICC Proof printing method

B.2.6 — Colour composition B.2.7 — Printing marks B.2.9 — Trapping

B.2.8 — Black solids →→See “ProcessStandard Offset 2012” B-68 for

B.2.11 — Appraisal B.2.12 — Completeness of the data

→→See “ProcessStandard Offset 2012” B-225ff TABLE 18

Printing ICC profile Characterization data Tone value inc. at 40 %

↘ Continued on the next page

↖ Continued from the previous page

ICC profile Characterization data Tone value increase at 40 %

ICC profile Characterization data Tone value increase at 50 %

NEW OLD Still being checked by ECI WOWG not currently

finished sheet-fed gravure is, like flexo,

Printing should only be delivered once specific agree

* still in use for Adobe InDesign 23

The values ∆L, ∆a, ∆b* are the differences

• ISO 5-1:2009 – Geometry and functional ISO 9241-307:2008 → Ergonomics of