Bernarte V PBA

SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED VOLUME 657 5/24/21, 3:45 PM
G.R. No. 192084. September 14, 2011.*
JOSE MEL BERNARTE, petitioner, vs. PHILIPPINE

BASKETBALL ASSOCIATION (PBA), JOSE EMMANUEL
M. EALA, and PERRY MARTINEZ, respondents.
Remedial Law; Service by Registered Mail; Situations

Contemplated or Service by Registered Mail.·The rule on service by
registered mail contemplates two situations: (1) actual service the
completeness of which is determined upon receipt by the addressee
of the registered mail; and (2) constructive service the completeness
of which is determined upon expiration of five days from the date
the addressee received the first notice of the postmaster.
Same; Same; Insofar as constructive service is concerned, there
must be conclusive proof that a first notice was duly sent by the
postmaster to the addressee; It is required that notice of the
registered mail be issued but that it should also be delivered to and
received by the addressee; It is incumbent upon a party who relies on
constructive service to prove that the notice was sent to, and received
by, the addressee.·Insofar as constructive service is concerned,
there must be conclusive proof that a first notice was duly sent by
the postmaster to the addressee. Not only is it required that notice
of the registered mail be issued but that it should also be delivered
to and received by the addressee. Notably, the presumption that
official duty has been regularly performed is not applicable in this
situation. It is incumbent upon a party who relies on constructive
service to prove that the notice was sent to, and received by, the
addressee.
Same; Same; The best evidence to prove that notice was sent
would be a certification from the postmaster; Mailman may also
testify that the notice was actually delivered.·The best evidence to
prove that notice was sent would be a certification from the
postmaster, who should certify not only that the notice was issued
or sent but also as to how, when and to whom the delivery and
receipt was made. The mailman may also testify that the notice was
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actually delivered.
_______________
* SECOND DIVISION.
746
746 SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED
Bernarte vs. Philippine Basketball Association (PBA)
Same; Same; The issuance of the notices by the post office is not
equivalent to delivery to and receipt by the addressee of the
registered mail.·Petitioner failed to present any concrete proof as
to how, when and to whom the delivery and receipt of the three
notices issued by the post office was made. There is no conclusive
evidence showing that the post office notices were actually received
by respondents, negating petitionerÊs claim of constructive service of
the Labor ArbiterÊs decision on respondents. The PostmasterÊs
Certification does not sufficiently prove that the three notices were
delivered to and received by respondents; it only indicates that the
post office issued the three notices. Simply put, the issuance of the
notices by the post office is not equivalent to delivery to and receipt
by the addressee of the registered mail. Thus, there is no proof of
completed constructive service of the Labor ArbiterÊs decision on
respondents.
Labor Law; Employer-Employee Relationship; Four-fold test to
determine the existence of an employer-employee relationship; The
so-called „control test‰ is the most important indicator of the
presence or absence of an employer-employee relationship.·To
determine the existence of an employer-employee relationship, case
law has consistently applied the four-fold test, to wit: (a) the
selection and engagement of the employee; (b) the payment of
wages; (c) the power of dismissal; and (d) the employerÊs power to
control the employee on the means and methods by which the work
is accomplished. The so-called „control test‰ is the most important
indicator of the presence or absence of an employer-employee
relationship.
Same; Same; The very nature of petitionerÊs job of officiating a
professional basketball game undoubtedly calls for freedom of

control by respondents.·With respondents that once in the playing
court, the referees exercise their own independent judgment, based
on the rules of the game, as to when and how a call or decision is to
be made. The referees decide whether an infraction was committed,
and the PBA cannot overrule them once the decision is made on the
playing court. The referees are the only, absolute, and final
authority on the playing court. Respondents or any of the PBA
officers cannot and do not determine which calls to make or not to
make and cannot control the referee when he blows the whistle
because such authority exclusively belongs to the referees. The very
nature of petitionerÊs job of officiating a professional basketball
game undoubtedly calls for freedom of control by respondents.
747
VOL. 657, SEPTEMBER 14, 2011 747
Same; Same; Applicable foreign case law declares that a referee

is an independent contractor, whose special skills and independent
judgment are required specifically for such position and cannot
possibly be controlled by the hiring party.·The applicable foreign
case law declares that a referee is an independent contractor, whose
special skills and independent judgment are required specifically
for such position and cannot possibly be controlled by the hiring
party.
PETITION for review on certiorari of the decision and

resolution of the Court of Appeals.
The facts are stated in the opinion of the Court.
Marcos L. Estrada, Jr. for petitioner.
Sayuno, Mendoza & San Jose Law Offices for
respondents.
CARPIO, J.:
The Case
This is a petition for review1 of the 17 December 2009

Decision2 and 5 April 2010 Resolution3 of the Court of
Appeals in CA-G.R. SP No. 105406. The Court of Appeals
set aside the decision of the National Labor Relations

Commission (NLRC), which affirmed the decision of the
Labor Arbiter, and held that petitioner Jose Mel Bernarte
is an independent contractor, and not an employee of
respondents Philippine Basketball Association (PBA), Jose
Emmanuel M. Eala, and Perry Mar-
_______________
1 Under Rule 45 of the Rules of Court.
2 Rollo, pp. 73-83. Penned by Associate Justice Magdangal M. De Leon
with Associate Justices Jose C. Reyes, Jr. and Ricardo R. Rosario,
concurring.
3 Id., at pp. 85-86. In the same resolution, the Court of Appeals
granted the Motion to Withdraw motion for reconsideration filed by
Renato Guevarra, another referee and petitionerÊs co-respondent in the
Court of Appeals, rendering the decision of the Court of Appeals final as
to him.
748

tinez. The Court of Appeals denied the motion for

reconsideration.
The Facts
The facts, as summarized by the NLRC and quoted by

the Court of Appeals, are as follows:
„Complainants (Jose Mel Bernarte and Renato Guevarra) aver

that they were invited to join the PBA as referees. During the
leadership of Commissioner Emilio Bernardino, they were made to
sign contracts on a year-to-year basis. During the term of
Commissioner Eala, however, changes were made on the terms of
their employment.
Complainant Bernarte, for instance, was not made to sign a
contract during the first conference of the All-Filipino Cup which
was from February 23, 2003 to June 2003. It was only during the
second conference when he was made to sign a one and a half
month contract for the period July 1 to August 5, 2003.
On January 15, 2004, Bernarte received a letter from the Office

of the Commissioner advising him that his contract would not be
renewed citing his unsatisfactory performance on and off the court.
It was a total shock for Bernarte who was awarded Referee of the
year in 2003. He felt that the dismissal was caused by his refusal to
fix a game upon order of Ernie De Leon.
On the other hand, complainant Guevarra alleges that he was
invited to join the PBA pool of referees in February 2001. On March
1, 2001, he signed a contract as trainee. Beginning 2002, he signed
a yearly contract as Regular Class C referee. On May 6, 2003,
respondent Martinez issued a memorandum to Guevarra expressing
dissatisfaction over his questioning on the assignment of referees
officiating out-of-town games. Beginning February 2004, he was no
longer made to sign a contract.
Respondents aver, on the other hand, that complainants entered
into two contracts of retainer with the PBA in the year 2003. The
first contract was for the period January 1, 2003 to July 15, 2003;
and the second was for September 1 to December 2003. After the
lapse of the latter period, PBA decided not to renew their contracts.
750

Complainants were not illegally dismissed because they were not

employees of the PBA. Their respective contracts of retainer were
simply not renewed. PBA had the prerogative of whether or not to
renew their contracts, which they knew were fixed.‰4
In her 31 March 2005 Decision,5 the Labor Arbiter6

declared petitioner an employee whose dismissal by
respondents was illegal. Accordingly, the Labor Arbiter
ordered the reinstatement of petitioner and the payment of
backwages, moral and exemplary damages and attorneyÊs
fees, to wit:
„WHEREFORE, premises considered all respondents who are

here found to have illegally dismissed complainants are hereby
ordered to (a) reinstate complainants within thirty (30) days from
the date of receipt of this decision and to solidarily pay
complainants:
JOSE MEL RENATO

BERNARTE GUEVARRA
1. backwages from January 1, 2004 P536,250.00 P211,250.00
up to the finality of this Decision,
which to date is
2. moral damages 100,000.00 100,000.00
3. exemplary damages 50,000.00 50,000.00
4. 10% attorneyÊs fees 68,625.00 36,125.00
TOTAL P754,875.00 P397,375.00
or a total of P1,152,250.00
The rest of the claims are hereby dismissed for lack of merit or basis.
_______________
4 Id., at pp. 74-75.
5 Id., at pp. 111-147.
6 Teresita D. Castillon-Lora.
750

SO ORDERED.‰7
In its 28 January 2008 Decision,8 the NLRC affirmed
the Labor ArbiterÊs judgment. The dispositive portion of the
NLRCÊs decision reads:
„WHEREFORE, the appeal is hereby DISMISSED. The Decision

of Labor Arbiter Teresita D. Castillon-Lora dated March 31, 2005 is
AFFIRMED.
SO ORDERED.‰9
Respondents filed a petition for certiorari with the Court

of Appeals, which overturned the decisions of the NLRC
and Labor Arbiter. The dispositive portion of the Court of
AppealsÊ decision reads:
„WHEREFORE, the petition is hereby GRANTED. The

assailed Decision dated January 28, 2008 and Resolution dated
August 26, 2008 of the National Labor Relations Commission are
ANNULLED and SET ASIDE. Private respondentsÊ complaint
before the Labor Arbiter is DISMISSED.
SO ORDERED.‰10
The Court of AppealsÊ Ruling
The Court of Appeals found petitioner an independent

contractor since respondents did not exercise any form of
control over the means and methods by which petitioner
performed his work as a basketball referee. The Court of
Appeals held:
„While the NLRC agreed that the PBA has no control over the
refereesÊ acts of blowing the whistle and making calls during
basket-
_______________
7 Rollo, p. 147.
8 Id., at pp. 87-94. Penned by Presiding Commissioner Gerardo C. Nograles
with Commissioners Perlita B. Velasco and Romeo L. Go, concurring.
9 Id., at p. 93.
10 Id., at p. 83.
751
VOL. 657, SEPTEMBER 14, 2011 751

ball games, it, nevertheless, theorized that the said acts refer to the
means and methods employed by the referees in officiating
basketball games for the illogical reason that said acts refer only to
the refereesÊ skills. How could a skilled referee perform his job
without blowing a whistle and making calls? Worse, how can the
PBA control the performance of work of a referee without
controlling his acts of blowing the whistle and making calls?
Moreover, this Court disagrees with the Labor ArbiterÊs finding
(as affirmed by the NLRC) that the Contracts of Retainer show that
petitioners have control over private respondents.
xxxx
Neither do We agree with the NLRCÊs affirmance of the Labor
ArbiterÊs conclusion that private respondentsÊ repeated hiring made
them regular employees by operation of law.‰11
The Issues
The main issue in this case is whether petitioner is an

employee of respondents, which in turn determines
whether petitioner was illegally dismissed.

Petitioner raises the procedural issue of whether the
Labor ArbiterÊs decision has become final and executory for
failure of respondents to appeal with the NLRC within the
reglementary period.
The Ruling of the Court
The petition is bereft of merit.

The Court shall first resolve the procedural issue posed
by petitioner.
Petitioner contends that the Labor ArbiterÊs Decision of
31 March 2005 became final and executory for failure of
respondents to appeal with the NLRC within the
prescribed period. Petitioner claims that the Labor
ArbiterÊs decision was constructively served on respondents
as early as August 2005
_______________
11 Id., at pp. 78-79, 81.
752

while respondents appealed the ArbiterÊs decision only on

31 March 2006, way beyond the reglementary period to
appeal. Petitioner points out that service of an unclaimed
registered mail is deemed complete five days from the date
of first notice of the post master. In this case three notices
were issued by the post office, the last being on 1 August
2005. The unclaimed registered mail was consequently
returned to sender. Petitioner presents the PostmasterÊs
Certification to prove constructive service of the Labor
ArbiterÊs decision on respondents. The Postmaster certified:
„x x x
That upon receipt of said registered mail matter, our registry in
charge, Vicente Asis, Jr., immediately issued the first registry notice to
claim on July 12, 2005 by the addressee. The second and third notices
were issued on July 21 and August 1, 2005, respectively.
That the subject registered letter was returned to the sender (RTS)
because the addressee failed to claim it after our one month retention
period elapsed. Said registered letter was dispatched from this office to
Manila CPO (RTS) under bill #6, line 7, page1, column 1, on September
8, 2005.‰12
Section 10, Rule 13 of the Rules of Court provides:
„SEC. 10. Completeness of service.·Personal service is complete

upon actual delivery. Service by ordinary mail is complete upon the
expiration of ten (10) days after mailing, unless the court otherwise
provides. Service by registered mail is complete upon actual receipt
by the addressee, or after five (5) days from the date he received the
first notice of the postmaster, whichever date is earlier.‰
The rule on service by registered mail contemplates two

situations: (1) actual service the completeness of which is
determined upon receipt by the addressee of the registered
mail; and (2) constructive service the completeness of
which is
_______________
12 Id., at p. 150.
753
VOL. 657, SEPTEMBER 14, 2011 753

determined upon expiration of five days from the date the

addressee received the first notice of the postmaster.13
Insofar as constructive service is concerned, there must
be conclusive proof that a first notice was duly sent by the
postmaster to the addressee.14 Not only is it required that
notice of the registered mail be issued but that it should
also be delivered to and received by the addressee.15
Notably, the presumption that official duty has been
regularly performed is not applicable in this situation. It is
incumbent upon a party who relies on constructive service
to prove that the notice was sent to, and received by, the
addressee.16
The best evidence to prove that notice was sent would be
a certification from the postmaster, who should certify not

only that the notice was issued or sent but also as to how,
when and to whom the delivery and receipt was made. The
mailman may also testify that the notice was actually
delivered.17
In this case, petitioner failed to present any concrete
proof as to how, when and to whom the delivery and receipt
of the three notices issued by the post office was made.
There is no conclusive evidence showing that the post office
notices were actually received by respondents, negating
petitionerÊs claim of constructive service of the Labor
ArbiterÊs decision on respondents. The PostmasterÊs
Certification does not sufficiently prove that the three
notices were delivered to and received by respondents; it
only indicates that the post office issued the three notices.
Simply put, the issuance of the no-
_______________
13 Philemploy Services and Resources, Inc. v. Rodriguez, G.R. No.
152616, 31 March 2006, 486 SCRA 302, 321.
14 Id.; Spouses Aguilar v. Court of Appeals, 369 Phil. 655, 661; 310
SCRA 393, 398 (1999).
15 Spouses Aguilar v. Court of Appeals, supra at 662; p. 398, citing De
la Cruz v. De la Cruz, 160 SCRA 361 (1988).
16 Spouses Aguilar v. Court of Appeals, supra at p. 662; p. 398, citing
Barrameda v. Castillo, 168 Phil. 170; 78 SCRA 1 (1977).
17 Barrameda v. Castillo, 168 Phil. 170, 173; 78 SCRA 1, 4 (1977).
754

tices by the post office is not equivalent to delivery to and

receipt by the addressee of the registered mail. Thus, there
is no proof of completed constructive service of the Labor
ArbiterÊs decision on respondents.
At any rate, the NLRC declared the issue on the finality
of the Labor ArbiterÊs decision moot as respondentsÊ appeal
was considered in the interest of substantial justice. We
agree with the NLRC. The ends of justice will be better
served if we resolve the instant case on the merits rather

than allowing the substantial issue of whether petitioner is
an independent contractor or an employee linger and
remain unsettled due to procedural technicalities.
The existence of an employer-employee relationship is
ultimately a question of fact. As a general rule, factual
issues are beyond the province of this Court. However, this
rule admits of exceptions, one of which is where there are
conflicting findings of fact between the Court of Appeals, on
one hand, and the NLRC and Labor Arbiter, on the other,
such as in the present case.18
To determine the existence of an employer-employee
relationship, case law has consistently applied the four-fold
test, to wit: (a) the selection and engagement of the
employee; (b) the payment of wages; (c) the power of
dismissal; and (d) the employerÊs power to control the
employee on the means and methods by which the work is
accomplished. The so-called „control test‰ is the most
important indicator of the presence or absence of an
employer-employee relationship.19
In this case, PBA admits repeatedly engaging
petitionerÊs services, as shown in the retainer contracts.
PBA pays petitioner a retainer fee, exclusive of per diem or
allowances, as stipulated in the retainer contract. PBA can
terminate the
_______________
18 Sycip Gorres Velayo & Company v. De Raedt, G.R. No. 161366, 16
June 2009, 589 SCRA 160, 167.
19 Id.; Sonza v. ABS-CBN Broadcasting Corporation, G.R. No. 138051,
10 June 2004, 431 SCRA 583, 594-595.
755
VOL. 657, SEPTEMBER 14, 2011 755

retainer contract for petitionerÊs violation of its terms and

conditions.
However, respondents argue that the all-important
element of control is lacking in this case, making petitioner
an independent contractor and not an employee of

respondents.
Petitioner contends otherwise. Petitioner asserts that he
is an employee of respondents since the latter exercise
control over the performance of his work. Petitioner cites
the following stipulations in the retainer contract which
evidence control: (1) respondents classify or rate a referee;
(2) respondents require referees to attend all basketball
games organized or authorized by the PBA, at least one
hour before the start of the first game of each day; (3)
respondents assign petitioner to officiate ballgames, or to
act as alternate referee or substitute; (4) referee agrees to
observe and comply with all the requirements of the PBA
governing the conduct of the referees whether on or off the
court; (5) referee agrees (a) to keep himself in good
physical, mental, and emotional condition during the life of
the contract; (b) to give always his best effort and service,
and loyalty to the PBA, and not to officiate as referee in
any basketball game outside of the PBA, without written
prior consent of the Commissioner; (c) always to conduct
himself on and off the court according to the highest
standards of honesty or morality; and (6) imposition of
various sanctions for violation of the terms and conditions
of the contract.
The foregoing stipulations hardly demonstrate control
over the means and methods by which petitioner performs
his work as a referee officiating a PBA basketball game.
The contractual stipulations do not pertain to, much less
dictate, how and when petitioner will blow the whistle and
make calls. On the contrary, they merely serve as rules of
conduct or guidelines in order to maintain the integrity of
the professional basketball league. As correctly observed by
the Court of Appeals, „how could a skilled referee perform
his job without blowing a whistle and making calls? x x x
[H]ow can the PBA
756

control the performance of work of a referee without
controlling his acts of blowing the whistle and making

calls?‰20
In Sonza v. ABS-CBN Broadcasting Corporation,21
which determined the relationship between a television
and radio station and one of its talents, the Court held that
not all rules imposed by the hiring party on the hired party
indicate that the latter is an employee of the former. The
Court held:
„We find that these general rules are merely guidelines towards
the achievement of the mutually desired result, which are top-
rating television and radio programs that comply with standards of
the industry. We have ruled that:
Further, not every form of control that a party reserves to
himself over the conduct of the other party in relation to the
services being rendered may be accorded the effect of establishing
an employer-employee relationship. The facts of this case fall
squarely with the case of Insular Life Assurance Co., Ltd. v. NLRC.
In said case, we held that:
Logically, the line should be drawn between rules that
merely serve as guidelines towards the achievement of the
mutually desired result without dictating the means or
methods to be employed in attaining it, and those that control
or fix the methodology and bind or restrict the party hired to
the use of such means. The first, which aim only to promote
the result, create no employer-employee relationship unlike
the second, which address both the result and the means used
to achieve it.‰22
We agree with respondents that once in the playing

court, the referees exercise their own independent
judgment, based on the rules of the game, as to when and
how a call or decision is to be made. The referees decide
whether an infraction was committed, and the PBA cannot
overrule them once the decision is made on the playing
court. The referees are the
_______________
20 Rollo, p. 78.
21 Supra note 19.
22 Id., at pp. 603-604.
757
VOL. 657, SEPTEMBER 14, 2011 757

only, absolute, and final authority on the playing court.

Respondents or any of the PBA officers cannot and do not
determine which calls to make or not to make and cannot
control the referee when he blows the whistle because such
authority exclusively belongs to the referees. The very
nature of petitionerÊs job of officiating a professional
basketball game undoubtedly calls for freedom of control by
respondents.
Moreover, the following circumstances indicate that
petitioner is an independent contractor: (1) the referees are
required to report for work only when PBA games are
scheduled, which is three times a week spread over an
average of only 105 playing days a year, and they officiate
games at an average of two hours per game; and (2) the
only deductions from the fees received by the referees are
withholding taxes.
In other words, unlike regular employees who ordinarily
report for work eight hours per day for five days a week,
petitioner is required to report for work only when PBA
games are scheduled or three times a week at two hours
per game. In addition, there are no deductions for
contributions to the Social Security System, Philhealth or
Pag-Ibig, which are the usual deductions from employeesÊ
salaries. These undisputed circumstances buttress the fact
that petitioner is an independent contractor, and not an
employee of respondents.
Furthermore, the applicable foreign case law declares
that a referee is an independent contractor, whose special
skills and independent judgment are required specifically
for such position and cannot possibly be controlled by the
hiring party.
In Yonan v. United States Soccer Federation, Inc.,23 the
United States District Court of Illinois held that plaintiff, a
soccer referee, is an independent contractor, and not an
employee of defendant which is the statutory body that
governs soccer in the United States. As such, plaintiff was
not entitled
_______________
23 Case No. 09 C 4280, 22 June 2011 (citations omitted).
758

to protection by the Age Discrimination in Employment

Act. The U.S. District Court ruled:
„Generally, „if an employer has the right to control and direct the
work of an individual, not only as to the result to be achieved, but
also as to details by which the result is achieved, an
employer/employee relationship is likely to exist.‰ The Court must
be careful to distinguish between „control[ling] the conduct of
another party contracting party by setting out in detail his
obligations‰ consistent with the freedom of contract, on the one
hand, and „the discretionary control an employer daily exercises
over its employeeÊs conduct‰ on the other.
Yonan asserts that the Federation „closely supervised‰ his
performance at each soccer game he officiated by giving him an
assessor, discussing his performance, and controlling what clothes
he wore while on the field and traveling. Putting aside that the
Federation did not, for the most part, control what clothes he wore,
the Federation did not supervise Yonan, but rather evaluated his
performance after matches. That the Federation evaluated Yonan
as a referee does not mean that he was an employee. There is no
question that parties retaining independent contractors may judge
the performance of those contractors to determine if the contractual
relationship should continue. x x x
It is undisputed that the Federation did not control the way
Yonan refereed his games. He had full discretion and authority,
under the Laws of the Game, to call the game as he saw fit. x x x In
a similar vein, subjecting Yonan to qualification standards and
procedures like the FederationÊs registration and training
requirements does not create an employer/employee relationship.
xxx
A position that requires special skills and independent judgment
weights in favor of independent contractor status. x x x Unskilled
work, on the other hand, suggests an employment relationship.
x x x Here, it is undisputed that soccer refereeing, especially at the
professional and international level, requires „a great deal of skill

and natural ability.‰ Yonan asserts that it was the FederationÊs
training that made him a top referee, and that suggests he was an
employee. Though substantial training supports an employment
inference, that inference is dulled significantly or negated when the
putative employerÊs activity is the result of a statutory requirement,
not the employerÊs choice. x x x‰
759
VOL. 657, SEPTEMBER 14, 2011 759

In McInturff v. Battle Ground Academy of Franklin,24 it

was held that the umpire was not an agent of the
Tennessee Secondary School Athletic Association (TSSAA),
so the playerÊs vicarious liability claim against the
association should be dismissed. In finding that the umpire
is an independent contractor, the Court of Appeals of
Tennesse ruled:
„The TSSAA deals with umpires to achieve a result-uniform

rules for all baseball games played between TSSAA member
schools. The TSSAA does not supervise regular season games. It
does not tell an official how to conduct the game beyond the
framework established by the rules. The TSSAA does not, in the
vernacular of the case law, control the means and method by which
the umpires work.‰
In addition, the fact that PBA repeatedly hired

petitioner does not by itself prove that petitioner is an
employee of the former. For a hired party to be considered
an employee, the hiring party must have control over the
means and methods by which the hired party is to perform
his work, which is absent in this case. The continuous
rehiring by PBA of petitioner simply signifies the renewal
of the contract between PBA and petitioner, and highlights
the satisfactory services rendered by petitioner warranting
such contract renewal. Conversely, if PBA decides to
discontinue petitionerÊs services at the end of the term
fixed in the contract, whether for unsatisfactory services, or
violation of the terms and conditions of the contract, or for
whatever other reason, the same merely results in the non-

renewal of the contract, as in the present case. The non-
renewal of the contract between the parties does not
constitute illegal dismissal of petitioner by respondents.
WHEREFORE, we DENY the petition and AFFIRM the
assailed decision of the Court of Appeals.
_______________
24 Not Reported in S.W.3d, 2009 WL 4878614 Tenn.Ct.App., 2009. No.
M2009-00504-COA-R3-CV, 16 December 2009.
760

SO ORDERED.
Brion, Del Castillo,** Perez and Sereno, JJ., concur.
Petition denied, judgment affirmed.
Note.·The Rules of Court provide that service by

registered mail is deemed completed upon actual receipt by
the addressee or after five (5) days from the date the
addressee received the first notice of the postmaster,
whichever date is earlier. (Rivera vs. Court of Appeals, 544
SCRA 434 [2008])
··o0o··
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SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED VOLUME 657 5/24/21, 3:45 PM

G.R. No. 192084. September 14, 2011.*

JOSE MEL BERNARTE, petitioner, vs. PHILIPPINE

Remedial Law; Service by Registered Mail; Situations

746 SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED

Bernarte vs. Philippine Basketball Association (PBA)

professional basketball game undoubtedly calls for freedom of

VOL. 657, SEPTEMBER 14, 2011 747

Bernarte vs. Philippine Basketball Association (PBA)

Same; Same; Applicable foreign case law declares that a referee

PETITION for review on certiorari of the decision and

This is a petition for review1 of the 17 December 2009

set aside the decision of the National Labor Relations

748 SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED

tinez. The Court of Appeals denied the motion for

The facts, as summarized by the NLRC and quoted by

„Complainants (Jose Mel Bernarte and Renato Guevarra) aver

On January 15, 2004, Bernarte received a letter from the Office

750 SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED

Complainants were not illegally dismissed because they were not

In her 31 March 2005 Decision,5 the Labor Arbiter6

„WHEREFORE, premises considered all respondents who are

JOSE MEL RENATO

750 SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED

„WHEREFORE, the appeal is hereby DISMISSED. The Decision

Respondents filed a petition for certiorari with the Court

„WHEREFORE, the petition is hereby GRANTED. The

The Court of AppealsÊ Ruling

The Court of Appeals found petitioner an independent

VOL. 657, SEPTEMBER 14, 2011 751

The main issue in this case is whether petitioner is an

whether petitioner was illegally dismissed.

The Ruling of the Court

The petition is bereft of merit.

752 SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED

while respondents appealed the ArbiterÊs decision only on

Section 10, Rule 13 of the Rules of Court provides:

„SEC. 10. Completeness of service.·Personal service is complete

The rule on service by registered mail contemplates two

VOL. 657, SEPTEMBER 14, 2011 753

determined upon expiration of five days from the date the

a certification from the postmaster, who should certify not

754 SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED

tices by the post office is not equivalent to delivery to and

served if we resolve the instant case on the merits rather

VOL. 657, SEPTEMBER 14, 2011 755

retainer contract for petitionerÊs violation of its terms and

an independent contractor and not an employee of

756 SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED

control the performance of work of a referee without

controlling his acts of blowing the whistle and making

We agree with respondents that once in the playing

VOL. 657, SEPTEMBER 14, 2011 757

only, absolute, and final authority on the playing court.

758 SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED

to protection by the Age Discrimination in Employment

professional and international level, requires „a great deal of skill

VOL. 657, SEPTEMBER 14, 2011 759

In McInturff v. Battle Ground Academy of Franklin,24 it