Dissertation - Vinay Mohanan
Dissertation - Vinay Mohanan
Dissertation - Vinay Mohanan
DECLARATION
I, VINAY MOHANAN, student of B.ARCH, bearing enrolment number A1904016131 hereby
declare that the dissertation titled MUSEUM ARCHITECTURE AND THE
IMPLICATIONS OF MINIMALISM & PHENOMENOLOGY submitted by me to Amity
School of Architecture and Planning in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the five year
Bachelor’s in Architecture program at Amity University, Noida is my original work. It is
further declared that all the sources of information used in this dissertation have been duly
acknowledged.
I understand that the dissertation may be electronically checked for plagiarism by the use of
plagiarism detection software to access the originality of the submitted work.
X X X
DIRECTOR GUIDE EXTERNAL EXAMINER
X
VINAY MOHANAN
B.ARCH 5TH YEAR, SEC-C
X
AR. Richa Kushwaha
Faculty Guide
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: AREA CHART .......................................................................................................... 54
Table 2: USER ACTIVITY ..................................................................................................... 56
These are a few concise pointers elucidating why this study is imperative-
1. To promote the wider knowledge, appreciation and enjoyment of the art
2. Acquisition of Artefacts
3. Recording of Artefacts
4. Preservation of Artefacts
5. Exhibition of Artefacts
6. Education
7. Incorporation of design theories of Minimalism and Phenomenology into the main
project
1.2 AIM OF THE RESEARCH
To study Museum Architecture with respect to Minimalism and Phenomenological aspects and
creating efficient spaces to exhibit the journey of music.
1.3 OBJECTIVES
To understand museum architecture planning concepts functionality
To study the theories & concepts of Minimalism and Phenomenology
To explore the evolution of Music with respect to history and artefacts
1.4 SCOPE
Understand and identify the theory and concept of Minimalism
Apprehend the notion and philosophy of Phenomenology
Integrating the aspects of Minimalism and Phenomenology in Museum Architecture
To apprehend the history of music & its relevance
The scope of the study will focus on museum for music
Although the form of museum buildings was regularly centred on safeguarding collections, it
developed as new features in museum work were developed. So it was after looking for answers
for superior lighting of the exhibits (Soufflot, Brébion, 1778; J B.Le Brun, 1787), for dispensing
the collections better throughout the museum building (Mechel, 1778- 1784), and for
structuring the exhibition area better (Leo von Klenze, 1816-1830), At the start of the 20th
century museum people realised that the everlasting exhibitions have to be reduced. For this,
they created storage areas, either by the means of sacrificing exhibition rooms or by developing
an area within the basement, or via constructing new structures. In addition, any effort was
made to render the displays so unbiased as practicable, even though this was meant to
compromise all or part of the historical decoration prevailing. The advent of electricity has
rendered these improvements even simpler and allowed the lighting devices to be revamped
entirely.
New “features that emerged in the second half of the twentieth century caused fundamental
architectural changes: the growth in the quantity of transient exhibitions caused a distinctive
distribution of collections among the permanent exhibition and storage spaces; the
improvement of visitor facilities, instructional workshops and relaxation areas, especially the
introduction of massive multipurpose spaces; the improvement of bookshops, restaurants and
stores for promotion of gadgets regarding the exhibitions. But at the same time, the
decentralisation through regrouping and through subcontracting a few museum operations
Museum Architecture And The Implications Of Minimalism & Phenomenology 14
required the construction or set up of specialised self-sustaining buildings: firstly, restoration
workshops and laboratories that can specialise whilst serving numerous museums, then storage
spaces positioned away from the exhibition spaces.”
The architect is the person who designs and draws the plans for the building and who directs
its construction. More broadly speaking, the person who designs the envelope around the
collections, the staff and the public.
From this point of view, architecture influences all the factors related to room and light in the
museum which seem secondary, but are definitive factors for the significance of the show
(chronological arrangement, accessibility from every perspective, non-partisan context, etc.).
Therefore, museum buildings are planned and installed according to an architecture programme
established with the assistance of the technical and administrative heads of the facility.
However, this does not continually dispense with the option regarding the programme concept
and the limits of the architect's interventions. Architecture may be viewed as a whole work as
an art or an approach for the creation and design of a museum, which incorporates all the
museum mechanism. This method is ideally envisaged, often approved by developers, whereas
the architectural programme, which regularly takes a long time, covers all museographic
concerns.
Some architects have specialized in staging exhibitions and have emerged as stage designers
or exhibition designers. Those who can name themselves ‘museographers’, or experts in
museum practice are rare, unless their practices encompass this particular sort of competence.
(Key Concepts of Museology, André Desvallées and François Mairesse)
The present problems of museum architecture lie in the struggle which logically exists between,
on one hand, the objectives of the architect (who will discover himself in the highlight because
of the global visibility of this kind of building today), and on the other hand, the people linked
with the maintenance and displaying of the collections; finally, the consolation of the
distinctive visitors have to be taken into account. This problem has already been highlighted
via the architect Auguste Perret: “For a ship to float, should it not be designed quite
differently from a locomotive? The specifixity of the museum building falls to the architect,
who will be inspired by its function to create the organism.”
An observation modern-day architectural creations suggests that, despite the fact that majority
of the architects take the necessities of the museum programme into consideration, many
maintain to favour the beautiful object over the outstanding tool.
Figure 16 shows arrangements to generate a certain mystery and the visitor's ability to look at
corners to see what's next. Cases arranged to taper the door a little enough that the interior of
the lobby opens up with definite caution.
The lighting is known as a broad focus or mission illumination, which is primarily responsible
for dispersing the light emitted by the system. Lighting types consist of alcove lighting and is
indirect, as most others. Sometimes this is achieved by fluorescent lights.
Hendrix.
5.3.2.4 PART IV – MESSAGE MUSIC
Most themes found in rock and roll during this era dealt with
love and relationships gone wrong. It followed the war on
Vietnam & the various protests being undertaken. The music
was an attempt to reflect upon the events occurring at that time
like the civil rights movement, the growing unrest over the war
in Vietnam, and the rise of feminism.” The “message” within
the song focused on peace. Many songs received substantial
airplay and became “anthems” at concerts, rallies, and
demonstrations. FIGURE 44: BOB DYLAN LIVE
Bob Dylan, Joan Baez, Phil Ochs, and the group known as Peter,
Paul, and Mary are the most well-established musicians from folk tradition. Barry McGuire, a
poet who experienced the world's increasing chaos, sang in 1965. Bob Dylan, Joan Baez, Phil
Ochs, the group known as Peter, Paul and Mary are the most popular musicians from folk
FIGURE 46: CREAM LIVE IN ROYAL ALBERT HALL, 1968 FIGURE 45: THE WHO LIVE IN THE 60S
The universe started to govern by other prominent hippy and psychedelic groups, including
Pink Floyd, The Who, The Rolling Stones, The Yardbirds, the Thanksgiving Dead, Jimi
Hendrix, Cream, and others. Their drug-induced songs and hypnoses melodies also produced
the counter-cultural revolution, the trendsetters.
FIGURE 48: DARK SIDE OF THE MOON, FIGURE 47: BLACK SABBATH LIVE
PINK FLOYD
Other genres of rock began to emerge such as progressive rock which is experimenting with
other instruments other than guitar, bass and drums. This was popularized by Pink Floyd. Folk
rock was popularized by Bob Dylan and Janis Joplin. The 1960’s ultimately gave birth to heavy
metal which is a thick, heavy, and highly amplified genre of rock mainly popularized by Black
Sabbath. The world was just now beginning to witness the tremendous power & impact rock
really had on society.
FIGURE 51: DAVID BOWIE FIGURE 52: JOE WALSH, THE EAGLES
Towards the late 70’s the world also witnessed the rise of Punk Rock. The founding fathers of
punk were The Ramones. They combined anarchism and teenage rage with rock and roll and
this came to be known as Punk Rock. Other bands such as The Sex Pistols and The Clash
helped popularize and redefine punk rock. This new, powerful and intense genre of music
influenced many bands of the future.
FIGURE 56: AC/DC LIVE IN THE 80S FIGURE 57: GUNS N ROSES LIVE, 1980S
The well-known experimental rocks, or Progressive Music, started to surface in the late 1980s,
with the involvement of bands like U2, REM, The Cure, The Smiths and Sonic Youth. In bands
like the Black Flag and the Dead Kennedys, Punk became more popular too.
Whatever the difference, the music of the 1980s was a major success. This is because the music
was people's minds talked, because there was no reason, you might identify with Phil Collins
slow ballads at night and render your black leather jacket and rock to Iron Maiden at night.
Free speech, experimentation and lyrics were an important feature in the 1980s. And that's
exactly why they claim they never disappear in the 1980s.
5.3.5 THE 1990S
In the early 1990s, Grunge and hard music became established. The
most famous grunge collective of the 90s came to become known
as Nirvana. The music from Grunge can be represented as dirty
guitar, powerful distortion guitar riffs and feedback. There were
grim songs that conveyed adolescence agony. Pearl Jam, Nirvana,
Jane's Addiction and Alice in Chains have become popular with
grunge and alternative bands.
FIGURE 58: KURT COBAIN,
NIRVANA
6.1.1 INTRODUCTION
One of India's main museums is the National Museum in New Delhi. It includes various objects
from the pre-historical time to contemporary artworks. It was set up at the Durbar Hall in
Rashtrapati Bhavan on August 15, 1949. It runs under the Indian administration, the Ministry
of Culture. The museum is located at the edge of Maulana Azad Road and Janpath. The Gwyer
Committee formed by the Government of India in 1946 prepared the National Museum
blueprint. The museum comprises of some 200,000 artworks of Indian and international
heritage ranging over five thousand years.
In the first floor, which was established in 1983 and is now called the University since 1989
and has been operating Masters and Physiography courses on art history, conservation and
museology, it also has the National Museum of Art History, Museum Conservation and
Museology.
6.1.1.1 RELEVANCE
The National Museum is one of India's main and most well-designed institutions, and the
museum is also nearby. Proposed project location, which makes it necessary to pick the field
and problem to understand their design function. As the National Museum of India, collection
is also progressively critical in understanding museum planning background and facets.
6.1.1.2 SITE
The museum is situated on the corner of Jan path and Maulana Azad Road over an area of 7.5
acres, with a build-up area of about 18,000 m2
Latitude: 28° 36' 42.4764" N
Longitude: 77° 13' 10.1748" E
Connectivity-
1.2 km away from Central Secretariat Metro Station
3.8 km away from New Delhi Railway Station
14.5 km away from Indira Gandhi international Airport
Nearest stops: National Museum Bus Stop
6.1.1.3 SCALE
"lf you spent only one minute with each piece in the National
Museum's collection, it would take three years, nine months and
twenty-three days to view every item. Recognizing that 2,00,000
sculptures, paintings, coins, decorative arts, textiles, arms and
armours, manuscripts and anthropological objects can
overwhelm even most enthusiastic visitor. It has about 25 main
art gallery sections for encapsulating the diversity of the museum.
The museum also encompasses a grand library and auditorium
which make this museum one of the largest and well-designed FIGURE 62: SUN PATH
DIAGRAM
museums in India” - Published by National Museum. 2018. The
Museum in 90 minutes Vol. I: 2
6.1.2 AREA PROGRAMME
6.1.2.1 AREA DISTRIBUTION
“Harappan Civilization
Gallery
Mauryan Gallery
Gupta Gallery
Terracotta Gallery
Bronze Gallery
Medieval Art Gallery
Buddhist Art Gallery
Jewellery Gallery
Decorative Art Gallery
Miniature Painting Gallery
Textile Gallery
Western Art Gallery
Copper Gallery
Visual Experience
Wood Carving Gallery
Tribal Art Gallery
Music Instrument Gallery
VISITOR Arms & Armour Gallery
Asian Antique Gallery
Ethnic Art Gallery
Coins
India Wall Painting Gallery
Manuscript Gallery
Maritime Heritage Gallery
Ajanta Painting
Thanjavur Painting Gallery
Special Exhibition
Auditorium
Shopping Museum Shop
Reading Library
Cyber Room
Parking Parking Area
Sanitation Toilet
Beverage & Food Restaurant
Staff Canteen
Official Work & Monitoring Office
Server Room
ADMINISTRATION Services Maintenance
& SERVICE STAFF Janitor Room
Store
Housekeeping Centre
FIGURE 67: GROUND FLOOR FIGURE 68: FIRST FLOOR FIGURE 69: SECOND FLOOR
6.1.3.4 ZONING
Both horizontal and vertical zoning is carried out. In the basement of
the museum are administration and other personnel rooms. Also in
the basement are services such as HVAC, electrical and other.
Exhibitions are on the highest floor. Exhibitions. The museum is split
into accessible rooms, change rooms and exhibits. This zoning is a
perfect guest experience for this museum.
FIGURE 70: HORIZONTAL
6.1.3.5 FLOOR PLANS ZONING
Display halls with central circulation courts 6 metres wide are interconnected. Separate VIP
and medically impaired entry is eligible. The cellar includes the AC plan space, a coffee shop
and a workspace.
The ground floor contains Harappan Gallery of Civilisation, Mauryan Gallery, Gupta Gallery,
Terracotta Gallery, Gallery of Bronze, Gallery of Medieval Art, Gallery of Buddhist Art,
Gallery of Jewels, Decorative Gallery, Gallery of Miniature Painting, Auditorium and Library.
At First Floor are located tokens, Indian Walls Painted Gallery, Manuscript Gallery, Ajanta
Paintings, Thanjavur Painting Gallery and the Unique Show.
FIGURE 73: SECOND FLOOR PLAN FIGURE 74: FIRST FLOOR PLAN
6.1.3.6 DETAILS
6.1.4 MATERIALS
The interior is built using timber, glass and stone. Marble and oak are the floors used. The
hue and rendering of various watts is achieved to prevent monotony. In several pieces, as the
Bronze and Coin Gallery, aluminium is often used. Strong strength R.C.C. and red sandstone
are designed for construction. The house is supplied with temporary buildings.
6.1.6 OBSERVATION
A significant number of 9,600 pieces are in the set, depicting aesthetically and votively diverse
subjects-royal ladies, musicians, performers, royal scenes and even animal figures depicting
aesthetic facets of art and mythology, storeys, narratives or pictures of the deity that reflect the
religious aspects. One of the museum’s best facets is the concept of the circulation pattern,
which is to allow tourists feel at any gallery in a time series. The tourist did not get adequate
parking, the Indian building was archaeologically surveyed for parking. Just the façade of the
front had been expressed. Toilet location was not correct; access was concealed by the landing
of staircase. Fire escapes and it is hard to get out of the position in the event of an incident.
6.1.7 DESIGN ANALYSIS
In various galleries, the Department has displayed the artefacts on the cellar. While scholastic
method will often have a different interpretation, each gallery has properly categorised artefacts
based on their dynastic, stylistic, chronological and religious characteristics. Since the museum
has a ramp, the architecture is not universal.
The usage of artificial illumination within the shadows balance gallery is one of the museum’s
key designs to keep sculptures and artefacts from being subjected to bright daylight. The inner
courtyard is set to illuminate the hallways.
6.1.8 CONCLUSION
The museum is the most important museum in the field in archaeology, and there are a broad
variety of sculptural masterpieces in this medium: marble, terracotta, stucco, bronze gold,
silver, ivorian and bone ranging over two centuries from the 3rd century BC to the 19th century
AD. The museum is worthy and has its rejections. It has one of its key benefits, because of its
zoning and circulation pattern, although the landscape is not built at the optimum level due to
lack of space. Contemporary styles are the usage of fabrics and certain new sections. One of
the strongest architectural features of the museum is the division of rooms, temporary and
permanent exhibits.
The mounds create an intimate living condition on the lower level - where one finds the more
private spaces of the house - a master bedroom, a private living area that also opens up to the
pool on the lakeside, as well as the kitchen and the bathroom. The assertion of the space is a
dual condition of the burrow on one side, and the wide expanse of the lake seen beyond the
pool on other side towards the north - west, sheltered by the large overhang of what forms the
definitive singular image of the house's architecture.
In such a background, the purpose could not have been easier than to construct an area which
would merely frame the idyllic image and to look at the glorious weather and seasonal play
that animates a perfect scene. The idea here is to work with architecture, room creating and
materials as least as possible. Being a room that is fluid. The boundaries between the inside,
the outside and the outside are often distorted.
In this house built by us, we are only incorporating three materials in a dedication to preserving
the integrity of space and also as a vital stand counter to current patterns in the usage of an
almost unlimited quantity of fake materials and artificial finishes. The colour of the earth and
mountains around the building blends to allow us to view it as a whole.
FIGURE 91: THIS SPREAD: THE LARGE LIVING SPACE ABOVE, AS WELL HE TWO BEDROOMS THAT
OCCUPY THE EACH END OF THE STRUCTURE LEND VISUAL DE TH WHILE THE MINIMAL
NATURE OF THE II HTIN AND INTERIOR FURNISHINGS EMPHASIZE THE VIEW OF THE
LANDSCAPE BEYOND
BUILDING SITING: Therme Vals sits in the hillside as a natural rock outcropping, balanced
between the existing buildings on the site, navigating views and visits. Vals at the base of the
Swiss Alps is about, water, and the landscape. Therme Vals is about water, in the landscape.
Vals lies an hour away from Chur by car, deep in a valley dotted with shepherd huts and
enlivened by the sound of cowbells. Above the village, a tributary cascades down to meet the
upper Rhine. It’s a peripheral spot, dependent upon agriculture and tourism.
6.3.3 CONCEPT
Therme Vals became an icon of contemporary
architecture. From above, the new building is
almost invisible. The hillside meadow slopes
down to spread horizontally out onto a terrace
which will soon read as a carpet of blue
flowers.
From above, the new building is almost
invisible. The hillside meadow slopes down to
spread horizontally out onto a terrace which
will soon read as a carpet of blue flowers. In FIGURE 94: PUBLIC REVITALIZATION
this field are fissures of translucent glass and
a square bed of down lighters, a little like mechanical sunflowers. The roof is protected from
the ‘meagre meadow’, and from the hotel complex to the north, by a simple railing but then
erodes towards the south to reveal a swimming pool and sunbathers on flat slabs of rock.
From the road below, the building appears as an embankment, a monolith of compressed stone
with large ocular openings. Not so much a building as an earthwork, Zumthor’s design is about
digging and mounding up; it’s archaic and primary. It’s also extremely sensuous.
The spa building embraces many natural elements, such as heat, light, water, stone, sound in
distributions and combination beyond conventionality while comprising an environment of the
senses. The concept of public bath itself is intriguing, since it can connote the ideas of baptism
and purity, since baths were a Roman tradition.
6.3.5 SECTIONS
ROOF ASSEMBLY: The overhanging roof of the each units doesn’t coincide with each other
it creates a beautiful natural light effect in the building.
The primary goal of the case study and literature study was to consider the museum's
architecture dimensions. Every room has its own value and every room plays an important part
in the livelihood. In order to identify these areas and their architecture elements, case studies
and literature studies are important. As a result of this research, it seems that Minimalism and
Phenomenology are not temporary approaches. The biggest reasons is: function and experience
are one of the most emphasized features of Minimalism and Phenomenology.
The National Museum is one of India's main and most prominent museums. One of the
museum’s best facets is the concept of the circulation pattern, which is to allow tourists feel at
any gallery in a time series. Acquisition, Recording, Preserving and Exhibiting artefacts that
are deemed priceless due to its heritage, is of critical importance. This need is fulfilled by
Museums. They also help in educating the users of the space regarding the importance of these
artefacts via the medium of experiences of various kinds (Sensory).
In Minimalist attitude, everything is for humans. Minimalism discusses to remove elements
which are used for unnecessary visual ornamentation and minimalism highlight function and
functionality. Lighting stands out as one of the most important element of both the theories.
Even natural or artificial usage of lighting and taking the natural light thorough interior spaces.
Right use of openings is very necessary for the lighting and circulation between indoor and
outdoor space.
Contemporary minimalistic behaviour illustrates the functionality, user and user-space
partnership. In this situation, on the other hand, being too successful in simplifying the space,
also contributed to space being constructed without purpose, which is converted into true void.
Although minimalist spaces without an indoor setting are useless, certain elements are
substantially minimalist.
Phenomenology is not solely guidance on a fashionably lovely template, nor should it be treated
as an informed or contemporary movement. It is an instructional method, a method that leads
to architectural profundity and stresses its elegance in daily life. This study describes
architecture as the nature of life experience around us and the quest for calm by means of a
flow of modern society. Simply to enter space for the enjoyment of recollection and to get into
one's thinking regarding the structure of one's existence, to understand space not just because
of the uniqueness of one's history, but because of the effect of that unique history on the present
and future.
Rock music has also embodied and served as the vehicle for cultural and social movements,
leading to major subcultures including mods and rockers in the UK and the hippie
counterculture that spread out from San Francisco in the US in the 1960s. Similarly, 1970s
punk culture spawned the Goth, punk, and emo subcultures. Inheriting the folk tradition of the
protest song, rock music has been associated with political activism as well as changes in social
attitudes, and is often seen as an expression of youth revolt against adult consumerism and
conformity.