NPTE Review Flashcards

Part 1 - 10

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 Table of Contents
ADA Accessibility Requirements..................................................................................................1
Cardiac........................................................................................................................................ 2
EBP- types of validity...................................................................................................................6
Electrotherapy Treatment Parameters.........................................................................................6
EMG abnormal action potentials & meanings..............................................................................7
Endocrine.................................................................................................................................... 7
Gait Deviations - Prosthetic and Amputee Causes......................................................................8
Integumentary.............................................................................................................................. 9
Joint Mob positions: Loose-packed/resting position...................................................................20

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ADA Accessibility Requirements
STRUCTURE REQUIREMENTS

Ramp • Grade <8.3% = (12" length for 1" rise) • At least 36" wide • Handrails on both
sides • Handrails required for rise of 6" or more or for a horizontal run of 72" or
more

Doorway • Min width 32" • Max depth 24"

Threshold • Sliding doors: <3/4" • Other doors: <1/2"

Carpet • Requires 1/2" pile or less

Hallway clearance • 36" width

W/c turning radius • 60" width • 78" length

(U-turn)

Forward reach in • low reach 15" • high reach 48"

w/c

Side reach in w/c • reach over obstruction to 24"

Bathroom sink • Not less than 29" • Not greater than 40" from floor to bottom of mirror or paper
dispenser • 17" minimum depth under sink to back wall

Bathroom toilet • 17-19" from floor to top of toilet • Not less than 36" grab bars • Grab bars should
be 1 1/4 - 1 1/2" in diameter • Grab bar placement 33-36" up from floor level

Hotel • Approx. 2% total rooms must be accessible

Parking spaces • 96" wide • 240" in length • Adjacent aisle must be 60"x240" • Approx. 2% of total
spaces must be accessible

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Cardiac
QUESTION ANSWER

Phase I cardiac rehab • Consists of pt/family education, self-care eval, continuous monitoring of
program vitals, low-level exercise: AROM, amb, and self-care. • Ends with: low-
level exercise test. • Lasts 3-5 days.

Phase II cardiac rehab • Lasts 2-12 wks. • Frequency = 2-3x/wk. • Pts. monitored closely and
program supervised during all activities. • Progress to Phase III when: clinically
stable, indep. w/ self-monitoring, don't require ECG monitoring

Phase III cardiac rehab • Lasts 6-8 wk. • Frequency: 1x/wk • Includes exercise, education, and
program counseling. • Max symptom-limited exercise test is required.

Phase IV cardiac rehab • Lasts throughout the pts. lifetime • Requires independence with self-
program monitoring, stable cardiac status, no contraindications to exercise, at
least 5 MET capacity

MET level? • Eating 1

MET level? • Toileting 1-2

MET level? • Driving a car 1-2

MET level? • Dressing 2

MET level? • Walking (2 2-2.5

mph)

MET level? • Bathing 2-3

MET level? • Cooking 2-3

MET level? • Light 2-4

housework

MET level? • Light 3-4

gardening

MET level? • Showering 3.5-4

MET level? • Sexual 4-5

intercourse

MET level? • Dancing 4-5

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MET level? • Walking (4 4.5-5.5
mph)

MET level? • Swimming 4-8

MET level? • Shoveling 6-7

snow

MET level? • Mowing the 6-7

lawn

Hypertension in: • Infant >90/60 mmHg

Hypertension in: • Children >120/80 mmHg

Hypertension in: • Adults - >140-159/90-99 mmHg

borderline

Hypertension in: • Adults - >160-179/100-109 mmHg

moderate

Hypertension in: • Adults - >180/110 mmHg

severe

Hypotension exists if: Systolic pressure <100 mmHg

Pathological Changes in Indicates: heart failure, ischemia, pericardial effusion, obesity, COPD
ECG: • Depressed QRS

Pathological Changes in A location where abnormal myocardial depolarization originates. Occurs if

ECG: • Ectopic foci the rhythm of the ectopic pacemaker increases, the rhythm of normal
pacemakers is inhibited, or if the conduction path from the normal
pacemaker to the ectopic foci is blocked.

Pathological Changes in Hypertrophy of myocardium

ECG: • Elevated QRS

Pathological Changes in previous myocardial infarction

ECG: • Q wave

Pathological Changes in acute myocardial infarction

ECG: • ST segment
elevation

Pathological Changes in hypertension, CHF, CAD, rheumatic heart disease, cor pulmonale,
ECG: • Atrial fibrillation pericarditis, illegal drug use

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Pathological Changes in mitral valve prolapse, core pulmonale, digitalis toxicity, rheumatic heart
ECG: • Supraventricular disease
tachycardia

Pathological Changes in intake of caffeine, emotion stress, smoking, pathologies like CAD,
ECG: • Premature atrial electrolyte imbalance, infection, CHF
contraction

Pathological Changes in post myocardial infarction, rheumatic heart disease, CAD,

ECG: • Ventricular cardiomyopathy
tachycardia

Pathological Changes in long-term or severe heart disease, post myocardial infarction,

ECG: • Ventricular fibrillation hypercalcemia, hypokalemia, hyperkalemia

Pathological Changes in hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypothermia, drug-induced through

ECG: • Multifocal ventricular antiarrhythmic medications
tachycardia

Pathological Changes in intake of caffeine, emotional stress, smoking, pathologies like CAD,
ECG: • Premature digitalis toxicity, cardiomyopathy, myocardial infarction
ventricular contractions

Pathological Changes in infection, electrolyte imbalance, CAD, anteroseptal myocardial infarction,

ECG: • Complete heart impairment with the AV conduction system
block (3rd degree)

Pathological Changes in failure of all pacemakers to initiate, conduction system failure, acute MI,
ECG: • Asystole ventricular rupture

Cardiac markers for MI CK/CK-MB, Trop I, Trop II, Myoglobin, LDH-I

Blood test for CHF BNP, should be below 100 normally

Total cholesterol level <200

Triglyceride levels 10-140

LDL level 60-160

HDL level 29-77

PT level prothrombin time. 10-13. Assesses clotting ability of factor I, ii, v,vii, x.
Used with Coumadin

PTT level partial thromboplastin time. 60-70. Assesses clotting ability of all factors
except vii, xiii. More sensitive than PT in detecting minor deficiencies.
Monitors oral anticoagulants.

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Hematocrit Percent of packed RBC in total blood volume. Used to identify abnormal
states of hydration. Low = weakness, chills, dyspnea. High = increased
risk of thrombus. - Normal: Males = 40-54. Females = 37-47. Newborns =
49-54. Children = 35-49.

Hemoglobin assess for blood loss. Low = hemorrhage. High = polycythemia or

dehydration. - Normal: Males = 14-18. Females = 12-16. Newborns =
16.5-19.5. Children = 11.2-16.5

Catheterization: Name what Pulmonary artery catheterization. Immediate cardiopulmonary pressure

it measures: • Swan-Ganz measurements: pulmonary artery pressure.

Catheterization: Name what indwelling right atrial catheter: inserts into the right atrium, allows removal
it measures: • Hickman of blood samples, administration of medication, and monitoring of central
catheter venous pressure.

Normal HCO3 level 22-26 mEq/L • If the HCO3 is below 22, the patient is metabolic acidotic.
If the HCO3 is above 26, the patient is metabolic alkalotic.

Normal pCO2 level 35-45mmHg. • Below 35 is resp alkalotic, above 45 is resp acidotic.

Auscultation of: • Aortic 2nd intercostal space on right by sternum

valve

Auscultation of: • Pulmonic 2nd intercostal space on left by sternum

valve

Auscultation of: • Tricuspid under 4th rib on left by sternum

Auscultation of: • Bicuspid under 5th rib on left midclavicular line.

(Mitral)

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EBP- types of validity
TERM DEFINITION

Concurrent The degree to which the measurement being validated agrees with an established measurement
Validity standard administered at the same. A form of criterion validity.

Construct The relationship between an instrument and an established theoretical framework: based on
Validity theory and not statistical analysis.

Content The degree to which the indicator provides a complete representation of the domain of interest.
Validity

Criterion The degree to which a relationship exists between a measurement being validated and other
Validity measures.

External The degree to which results of the research are generalizable.

Validity

Internal The degree to which the reported outcome of the research study are a consequence of the
Validity relationship between the independent and dependent variables and not the result of extraneous
factors.

Predictive The ability of an instrument to predict the occurrence of a future behavior or event. A form of
Validity criterion validity.

Electrotherapy Treatment Parameters

TYPE PARAMETER

• Conventional TENS: • frequency: 50-150 Hz • phase duration: 20-100 microseconds • amplitude: 10-
30mA

• Acupuncture-like • frequency: 1-4 Hz • phase duration: 100-200 microseconds • amplitude: 30-

TENS: 80mA

• Burst TENS: • frequency: 70-100 Hz • phase duration: 40-75 microseconds • amplitude: 30-
60mA

• Brief intense TENS: • frequency: 70-100 Hz • phase duration: 150-200 microseconds • amplitude: 30-
60mA

• Russian Current: • frequency: 50 bursts/sec • on/off time ratio 10/50 • phase duration: 50-110
microseconds • amplitude: 100 mA (to 50% of MVIC)

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 • NMES for • frequency: 20-40 pps • on time: 6-10; off time: 50-60 sec • phase duration: 50-
Strengthening: 110 microseconds • amplitude: 50% MVIC

EMG abnormal action potentials & meanings

ABNORMAL POTENTIALS MEANING

Spontaneous: • Fibrillation • LMN disease

potentials

Spontaneous: • Positive sharp • denervated muscle disease

Spontaneous: • Fasciculations • Irritation/degeneration of anterior horn cells • Nerve root compression

or muscle spasm

Spontaneous: • Repetitive • Lesion of anterior horn cells and peripheral nerves • Myopathies
discharges

Voluntary: • Polyphasic • Myopathies, muscles or peripheral nerve involvement

potentials

Endocrine
QUESTION ANSWER

Gaves hyperthyroidism ex intolerance palpitations

tachycardia heat intol
fatigue

Addison's Adrenal insufficiency dec. cold tol dec.

endurance weak bronze wt.
loss

Cushing's excess cortisol by adrenal cortex (or meds) muscle atrophy,

obesity,moon face, edema
inc risk of infection, HTN,
dec. bone density

Insulin dec. glucose

glucagon inc. glucose

DM dx fasting glucose >126 random plasma glucose >200

w/ polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia

Diabetic usu. type I after illness ketones in urine

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 ketoacidosis

DM type II inc. glucose production, dec. insulin production,

inappropriate glucagon secretion

hypoglycemia <70 mg/dL - rapid dizzy poor coordination, unsteady

early sx: gait fatigue, weakness faint tachycardia, palpitations
sweating shaky pallor excessive hunger

hypoglycemia late sx: nervous/irritable HA blurred or double vision

late sx: drowsy confusion LOC coma

Hypoglycemia give sugar If unresponsive - Immediate medical

response: attention

Hyperglycemia >300 - gradual weak, inc. thirst, dec appetite, n/v immediate medical tx
abdominal tenderness dry mouth freq. scant urination
dulled senses, paresthesias flushed deep, rapid
respirations pulse: rapid, weak fruity breath
hyperglycemic coma

Ex precautions hypoglycemia do not ex if glucose <70 or >300

for DM blunted BP, HR incompetencies - use RPE avoid ex
2-4h after insulin injection

Hashimoto's Autoimmune Hypothroidism cold intol possible ex intol

weakness atrophy ex
induced myalgia dec. CO,
BP

Gait Deviations - Prosthetic and Amputee Causes

GAIT
PROSTHETIC CAUSE AMPUTEE CAUSE
DEVIATION

Abducted Gait • Prosthesis may be too long • High • Abduction contracture • Improper
medial wall • Poorly shaped lateral training • Adductor roll • Weak hip flexors
wall • Prosthesis positioned in and adductors • Pain over lateral
abduction • Inadequate suspension • residual limb
Excessive knee friction

Circumducted • Prosthesis may be too long • Too • Abduction contracture • Improper

Gait much friction in the knee • Socket is training • Weak hip flexors • Lacks
too small • Excessive plantar flexion of confidence to flex the knee • Painful
prosthetic foot anterior distal stump • Inability to initiate
prosthetic knee flexion

Excessive knee • Socket set forward in relation to foot • Knee flexion contracture • Hip flexion
flexion during • Foot sett in excessive dorsiflexion • contracture • Pain anteriorly in residual

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 stance Stiff heel • Prosthesis is too long limb • Decrease in quadriceps strength •
Poor balance

Vaulting • Prosthesis may be too long • • Residual limb discomfort • Improper

Inadequate socket suspension • training • Fear of stubbing toe • Short
Excessive alignment stability • Foot in residual limb • Painful hip/residual limb
excess plantar flexion

Rotation of • Excessive toe-out built in • Loose • Poor muscle control • Improper training
Forefoot at Heel fitting socket • Inadequate suspension • Weak medial rotators • Short residual
Strike • Rigid SACH heel cushion limb

Forward trunk • Socket is too big • Poor suspension • • Hip flexion contracture • Weak hip
flexion Knee instability extensors • Pain with ischial weight
bearing • Inability to initiate prosthetic
knee flexion

Medial or Lateral • Excessive rotation of the knee • Tight • Improper training • Weak hip rotators •
whip fitting socket • Valgus in the prosthetic Knee instability
knee • Improper alignment of toe
break

Lateral Bending • Prosthesis may be too short • • Poor balance • Abduction contracture •
Improperly shaped lateral wall • High Improper training • Short residual limb •
Medial Wall • Prosthesis aligned in Weak hip abductors on prosthetic side •
abduction Hypersensitive and painful residual limb

Integumentary
QUESTION ANSWER

Exudate classification: presents as serous

clear, light color with a thin, watery
consistency

Exudate classification: presents as sanguineous • appears to be red due to presence of blood, or

red with a thin, watery consistency may be brown if allowed to dehydrate

Exudate classification: presents as serosanguineous

light red or pink with a thin, watery
consistency

Exudate classification: presents as seropurulent • may be an early warning sign of impending

opaque, yellow or tan color with thin, infection.
watery consistency

Exudate classification: presents as purulent • indicative of infection

yellow or green with a thick viscous
consistency

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pressure ulcer staging • Stage I observable pressure-related alteration of intact skin. • may
include: change in skin color, temperature, stiffness, or sensation

pressure ulcer staging • Stage II partial-thickness skin loss. involves epidermis and/or dermis. •
ulcer is superficial and presents as abrasion, blister or a shallow
crater.

pressure ulcer staging • Stage III full-thickness skin loss that involves damage or necrosis of
subcutaneous tissues. May extend to but not through underlying
fascia. • presents as a deep crater with or without undermining
adjacent tissue.

pressure ulcer staging • Stage IV full-thickness skin loss with extensive destruction, tissue
necrosis, or damage to muscle, bone, or supporting structures.

Wagner Grade 0 no open lesion but may possess pre-ulcerative lesions; healed
ulcers; presence of bony deformity.

Wagner Grade 1 superficial ulcer not involving subcutaneous tissue

Wagner Grade 2 deep ulcer with penetration through the subcutaneous tissue;
potentially exposing bone, tendon, ligament, or joint capsule

Wagner Grade 3 deep ulcer with osteitis, abscess or osteomyelitis.

Wagner Grade 4 gangrene of digit

Wagner Grade 5 gangrene of foot requiring disarticulation

Superficial burn involves only outer epidermis. area may be red with slight
edema. no scarring.

Superficial partial-thickness burn involves epidermis and upper portion of the dermis. may be
extremely painful and exhibit blisters. minimal to no scarring.

Deep partial-thickness burn involves complete destruction of the epidermis and majority of
dermis. may appear discolored with broken blisters and edema.
damages to nerve endings may result in only moderate pain.
hypertrophic scars and keloids.

Full thickness burn involves complete destruction of epidermis and dermis along with
partial damage of subcutaneous fat layer. eschar formation and
minimal pain. requires grafts and may be susceptible to infection.

Subdermal burn involves complete destruction of epidermis, dermis, and

subcutaneous tissues. may involve muscle and bone. often
requires surgical intervention.

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Definition: zone of coagulation the area of the burn that received the most severe injury along
with irreversible cell damage.

Definition: zone of stasis the area of less severe injury that possesses reversible damage
and surrounds the zone of coagulation.

Definition: zone of hyperemia the area surrounding the zone of stasis that presents with
inflammation, but will fully recover without any intervention or
permanent damage.

Rule of nines: • Head and neck 9%

Rule of nines: • Anterior trunk 18%

Rule of nines: • Posterior trunk 18%

Rule of nines: • Bilateral anterior 9%

arm, forearm, hand

Rule of nines: • Bilateral posterior 9%

arm, forearm, hand

Rule of nines: • Genital region 1%

Rule of nines: • Bilateral anterior LE 18%

Rule of nines: • Bilateral posterior LE 18%

Rule of nines: • How do children Child under 1 has 9% taken from the LEs and added to head
differ? region. Each year of life, 1% is added back to the LEs.

Topical agents used in burn care: • • silver sulfadiazine

Can be used with or without dressing

Topical agents used in burn care: • Is • Silver sulfadiazine • Silver nitrate

painless

Topical agents used in burn care: • • silver sulfadiazine

can be applied to wound directly

Topical agents used in burn care: • • silver sulfadiazine • silver nitrate • povidone-iodine mafenide
broad-spectrum acetate gentamicin nitrofurazone

Topical agents used in burn care: • • silver nitrate

non-allergenic

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Topical agents used in burn care: • • silver sulfadiazine
effective against yeast

Topical agents used in burn care: • • povidone-iodine

antifungal

Topical agents used in burn care: • • povidone-iodine

easily removed with water

Topical agents used in burn care: • • mafenide acetate

penetrates burn eschar

Topical agents used in burn care: • • mafenide acetate

may be used with or without
occlusive dressing

Topical agents used in burn care: • • gentamicin

may be covered or left open to air

Topical agents used in burn care: • • nitrofurazone

bacteriocidal

Topical agents used in burn care: • • silver sulfadiazine • silver nitrate

does not penetrate into eschar

Topical agents used in burn care: • • silver nitrate

discolors, making assessment
difficult

Topical agents used in burn care: • • silver nitrate

can cause severe electrolyte
imbalance

Topical agents used in burn care: • • silver nitrate

removal of dressing is painful

Topical agents used in burn care: • • povidone-iodine • nitrofurazone

not effective against pseudomonas

Topical agents used in burn care: • • povidone-iodine

may impair thyroid function

Topical agents used in burn care: • • povidone-iodine • mafenide acetate • nitrofurazone

painful application

Topical agents used in burn care: • • mafenide acetate

may cause metabolic acidosis

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Topical agents used in burn care: • • mafenide acetate
may compromise respiratory function

Topical agents used in burn care: • • mafenide acetate

may inhibit epithelialization

Topical agents used in burn care: • • gentamicin

causes resistant strains

Topical agents used in burn care: • • gentamicin

ototoxic

Topical agents used in burn care: • • gentamicin

nephrotoxic

Topical agents used in burn care: • • nitrofurazone

may lead to overgrowth of fungus
and pseudomonas

definition: allograft temporary skin graft taken from another human, usually cadaver

definition: autograft permanent skin graft taken from a donor site on the pt.'s body

definition: heterograft temporary skin graft taken from another species.

definition: mesh graft skin graft that is altered to create a mesh-like appearance in
order to cover a larger surface area.

definition: sheet graft skin graft is transferred directly from the donor site to the
recipient site.

definition: split-thickness skin graft a skin graft that contains only a superficial layer of the dermis in
addition to the epidermis

definition: full-thickness skin graft a skin graft that contains the dermis and the epidermis

burn location: anticipated deformity: • flexion with possible lateral flexion

anterior neck

burn location: splinting type: • soft collar, molded collar, philadelphia collar
anterior neck

burn location: splinting type: • axillary or airplane splint, shoulder abduction brace
anterior chest and axilla

burn location: anticipated deformity: • shoulder adduction, extension, and medial rotation
anterior chest and axilla

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burn location: anticipated deformity: • flexion and pronation
elbow

burn location: splinting type: • elbow gutter splint, conforming splint, three-point splint, air splint

burn location: anticipated deformity: • extension or hyperextension of the MCP joints, flexion of the IP
hand jts, adduction and flexion of the thumb, flexion of the wrist

burn location: splinting type: • hand wrist splint, thumb spica splint, palmar or dorsal extension splint

burn location: anticipated deformity: • flexion and adduction

hip

burn location: splinting type: • hip anterior hip spica, abduction splint

burn location: anticipated deformity: • flexion

knee

burn location: splinting type: • knee conforming splint, three point splint, air splint

burn location: anticipated deformity: • plantarflexion

ankle

burn location: splinting type: • ankle posterior foot drop splint, posterior ankle conforming splint,
anterior ankle conforming splint

selective or non-selective selective

debridement? • sharp

selective or non-selective selective

debridement? • enzymatic

selective or non-selective selective

debridement? • autolytic

selective or non-selective non-selective

debridement? • wet-to-dry

selective or non-selective non-selective

debridement? • wound irrigation

selective or non-selective non-selective

debridement? • hydrotherapy

arterial or venous insufficiency ulcer? arterial

• location: lower one-third of leg

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arterial or venous insufficiency ulcer? arterial
• location: toes, web spaces

arterial or venous insufficiency ulcer? arterial

• location: dorsal foot

arterial or venous insufficiency ulcer? arterial

• location: lateral malleolus

arterial or venous insufficiency ulcer? venous insufficiency

• location: proximal to medial
malleoulus

arterial or venous insufficiency ulcer? arterial

• appearance: smooth edges, well
defined

arterial or venous insufficiency ulcer? arterial

• appearance: lack granulation tissue

arterial or venous insufficiency ulcer? arterial

• appearance: tend to be deep

arterial or venous insufficiency ulcer? venous insufficiency

• appearance: irregular shape

arterial or venous insufficiency ulcer? venous insufficiency

• appearance: shallow

arterial or venous insufficiency ulcer? arterial

• pain: severe

arterial or venous insufficiency ulcer? venous insufficiency

• pain mild to moderate

arterial or venous insufficiency ulcer? arterial

• pedal pulse: diminished or absent

arterial or venous insufficiency ulcer? venous insufficiency

• pedal pulse: normal

arterial or venous insufficiency ulcer? arterial

• no edema

arterial or venous insufficiency ulcer? venous insufficiency

• increased edema

arterial or venous insufficiency ulcer? arterial

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• skin temperature: decreased

arterial or venous insufficiency ulcer? venous insufficiency

• skin temperature: normal

arterial or venous insufficiency ulcer? arterial

• tissue changes: thin and shiny

arterial or venous insufficiency ulcer? arterial

• tissue changes: hair loss

arterial or venous insufficiency ulcer? arterial

• tissue changes: yellow nails

arterial or venous insufficiency ulcer? venous insufficiency

• tissue changes: flaking

arterial or venous insufficiency ulcer? venous insufficiency

• tissue changes: dry skin

arterial or venous insufficiency ulcer? venous insufficiency

• tissue changes: brownish
discoloration

arterial or venous insufficiency ulcer? venous insufficiency

• leg elevation decreases pain

arterial or venous insufficiency ulcer? arterial

• leg elevation increases pain

Dressing: used for partial and full- • Hydrocolloids • Foam Dressings • Alginates
thickness wounds

Dressing: used for granular or • Hydrocolloids

necrotic wounds

Dressing: provides a moist • Hydrocolloids • Hydrogels • Foam Dressings • Transparent film

environment for wound healing

Dressing: Enables autolytic • Hydrocolloids • Hydrogels • Foam Dressings • Transparent

debridement Films • Alginates

Dressing: Offers protection from • Hydrocolloids • Alginates

microbial contamination

Dressing: Provides moderate • Hydrocolloids • Foam Dressing

absorption

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Dressing: Does not require a second • Hydrocolloids • Adhesive version of Foam Dressing • Gauze
layer

Dressing: Provides a waterproof • Hydrocolloids

surface

Dressing: May traumatize • Hydrocolloids • Adhesive form of Foam Dressing • Adhesive

surrounding intact skin upon removal form of Transparent film • Gauze

Dressing: May tend to roll in areas of • Hydrocolloids • Foam Dressings

excessive friction

Dressing: Cannot be used on • Hydrocolloids • Transparent films

infected wounds

Dressing: Used for superficial and • Hydrogels • Transparent films

partial-thickness wounds

Dressing: Used for minimal drainage • Hydrogels • Transparent films

Dressing: May reduce pain/pressure • Hydrogels

Dressing: Can be used as coupling • Hydrogels

agent for ultrasound

Dressing: Minimally adheres to • Hydrogels

wound

Dressing: Potential for dressing to • Hydrogels

dehydrate

Dressing: Cannot be used on wound • Hydrogels • Transparent Films

with significant drainage

Dressing: Typically requires second • Hydrogels • Non-adhesive form of Transparent films • Alginates
dressing

Dressing: Used for varying levels of • Foam dressings (up to moderate level of absorption) • Gauze
exudate

Dressing: Provides protection and • Foam dressings

cushioning

Dressing: Lack of transparency • Foam dressing

makes inspection of wound difficult

Dressing: Allows visualization of • Transparent films • Some Hydrocolloids

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wound

Dressing: resistant to shearing forces • Transparent films

Dressing: cost-effective • Transparent films (over time) • Gauze

Dressing: Excessive accumulation of • Transparent films

exudate can result in maceration

Dressing: Can be used for wet-to- • Gauze

wet, wet-to moist, or wet-to-dry
debridement

Dressing: Can be used on infected or • Gauze • Alginates

non-infected wounds

Dressing: Can be used alone or in • Gauze

combination with other dressings or
topical agents

Dressing: Can modify number of • Gauze

layers to accomodate for changing
wound status

Dressing: Adheres to wound • Gauze

Dressing: Requires frequent dressing • Gauze • Alginates

change

Dressing: non-occlusive --> • Gauze

increased infection rate

Dressing: Used for pressure wounds • Alginates

or venous insufficiency ulcers

Dressing: moisture-retentive • Hydrogels

Dressing: High absorptive capacity • Alginates

Dressing: non-adhering to wound or • Alginates

skin

Dressing: cannot be used on wounds • Alginates

with exposed tendon, joint capsule or
bone

Which dressing would you use? • Transparent Film

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 minimal drainage pressure ulcer
stage II, keep under frequent
observation

Which dressing would you use? • Hydrocolloids (a transparent one)

moderate drainage pressure ulcer
stage IV, want to observe it.

Dressing: Order from most to least • Hydrocolloids • Hydrogels •Semi-permeable foam • Semi-
occlusive: permeable film • Impregnated gauze • Alginates • Normal
(traditional) gauze

Which dressing would you use? pt. • Alginates

with diabetes, pressure ulcer on 1st
met. head, Stage III, infected

Which dressing would you use? pt. • Hydrocolloids

with diabetes, pressure ulcer on 1st
met. head, Stage IV, necrotic

Which dressing would you use? pt. • Gauze • since it's infected, can't used hydrocolloids. since it's
with diabetes, pressure ulcer on 1st stage IV can't use alginates - exposed tissue.
met. head, stage IV, infected

Dressing: Most moisture retentive to • Alginates • Semi-permeable foam • Hydrocolloids • Hydrogels •

least: Semi-permeable films

Joint Mob positions: Loose-packed/resting position

QUESTION ANSWER

Glenohumeral 55-70 abduction, 30 horizontal adduction,neutral rotation

Ulnohumeral 70 flexion, 10 supination

Radiohumeral full extension, full supination

Proximal Radioulnar 70 flexion, 35 supination

Distal Radioulnar 10 supination

1st Metacarpophalangeal; 2-5 MCP slight flexion;slight flexion with ulnar deviation

PIP and DIP 10 degree flexion;30 degree flexion

Hip 30 flexion, 30 abduction, slight external (lateral) rotation

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Tibiofemoral 25 flexion

Patellofemoral 25 flexion

Proximal tibfib 0 plantarflexion

Distal tibfib 0 plantarflexion

Talocrural 10 plantarflexion, neutral

Subtalar 10 plantarflexion, neutral

Midtarsal 10 plantarflexion, neutral

Metatarsophalangeal neutral

Interphalangeal slight flexion

Radiocarpal slight ulnar deviation

Vertebral Midway between flexion and extension

Temporomandibar jaw slightly open

sternoclavicular arm resting by side

acromioclavicular arm resting by side

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