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9
Mathematics
Quarter 3 - Module 8:
Applying the Theorems to Show that
Given Triangles are Similar and
Proving the Pythagorean Theorem
Mathematics – Grade 9
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 8: Applying the Theorems to Show that Given Triangles are Similar
and Proving the Pythagorean Theorem
First Edition, 2020

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Introductory Message

This Self-Learning Module is prepared so that you, our dear learners,

can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities,
questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are clearly stated
for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you
step-by-step as you discover and understand the lessons prepared
for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons

in each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing
this module if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s
assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of
each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your
learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We
trust that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main test, Notes to the teacher are
also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and
reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based
learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on
any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the
exercises and tests. Read the instructions carefully before
performing each task.

If you have any question in using this SLM or any difficulty in

answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your
teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.
 What I Need to Know
In the previous module, you have learned about theorems on similarity
triangles. You also proved that two triangles are similar by SAS Similarity Theorem
SSS Similarity Theorem, AA Similarity Theorem, Right Triangle Similarity Theorem
and Special Right Triangle Theorem. Now you will wonder where you could use or
apply these theorems in specific scenario. How can you use these theorems in solving
triangles/right triangles?
Your goal in this module is to apply the theorems on similarity of triangles,
proves the Pythagorean Theorem and use the mathematical concepts and ideas.
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
1. Apply these theorems to show that given triangles are similar (M9GE-IIIi-1);
and
2. Proves Pythagorean Theorem (M9GE-IIIi-1).

What I Know

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers on a separate
sheet/s of paper.

1. ∆WHY is a right triangle with ∠WHY as the right angle HD ⊥ WY. Which of the
following segments is/are a geometric mean?
H
I. HD IV. DW
II. DY V. HW
III. HY VI. WY

W D Y
A.I B. I, III, V C. II, IV, VI D. All except VI

2. Find the geometric mean of 3 and 48.

A. 6 B. 8 C.12 D. 24

3. ∆ABC is a right triangle with altitude CD perpendicular to the hypotenuse 𝐴B.

If AD=6 and DB = 8, what is CD?
C

A D B
A. 3√3 B. 4√3 C. 6√3 D. 14√3

1
 4. What is the perimeter of a 30-60-90 triangle whose shorter leg is 5 cm long?
A. 5√3 cm B. 10 + 5√3 cm C. 15 + √3 cm D.15 + 5√3 cm

5. The hypotenuse of an isosceles right triangle measures 7cm. How long is each
leg?
7√2 7√ 3
A. 3.5 cm B. 7√2 cm C. cm D. cm
2 3

6. What is the similarity concept justifying that ∆FEL ~ ∆QWN?

E W
W
65O 65O
6 4
9 6

F L Q N
A. AA Similarity Theorem
B. Right Triangle Similarity Theorem
C. SAS Similarity Theorem
D. SSS Similarity Theorem

For numbers 7-8. In the figure below ∆BRY~∆ANT

R
N
15 10 30

A 18 T
B Y
7. What is the measure of BR?
A. 5 B. 30 C. 35 D. 54

8. What is the measure of BY?

A. 5 B. 30 C. 35 D. 54

For numbers 9-10. ∆RON below is a right triangle.

R

O N

9. In the figure above, the two legs measures 9cm and 12cm respectively, what
is the longest side of the triangle?
A. 10 cm B. 12 cm C. 15 cm D. 20 cm

10. In the same figure above, the given hypotenuse measure 25cm while one of
the legs measure 15cm. What is the measure of the other leg?
A. 10 cm B. 12 cm C. 15 cm D. 20 cm

2
 Lesson Applying the Theorems to
Show that Given Triangles
1 are Similar
The application involving similarity of triangles can be done by following the
different theorems that have been proven true in previous modules.
Let us start this module by recalling the different theorems on Similar
Triangles.

What’s In

Activity 1. Recall Those in the Past!

Directions: Complete the following theorems by providing the missing term or phrase
which will make the theorem true. Write your answers on a separate sheet/s of paper.

Theorems on Similarity Triangles

1. ______________________Two triangles are similar if two angles of one triangle
are congruent to two angles of another triangle.
2. ______________________ If the altitude is drawn to the hypotenuse of a right
triangle, then the two triangles formed are similar to the original triangle
and to each other.
3. _______________________Two triangles are similar if two corresponding sides
of two triangles are in proportion.
4. ________________________Triangles are similar if an angle of one triangle is
congruent to an angle of another triangle and the corresponding sides
including those angles are in proportion.
5. ________________________Two special right triangles include 45° - 45°- 90°
triangle and 30° – 60°- 90° triangle.

Have you reminded about the theorems in similar triangles? Now check your
answer on the answer key page, for you to check if your answers are correct.

You already know the pre-requisite lessons that will help you in this module,
I think you are ready to apply these theorems.

3
 What’s New

Activity 2. Figure Me Out!

Directions: Identify the theorem used in each figure. Write your answers on a
separate sheet/s of paper.

1. How did you find this activity?

2. Did you identify the theorems used in each figure?

What is It

In the previous activity, you encounter a situation where in you identify

theorems for similarity of triangles. Let us continue the discussion by having a recall
of these theorems.

Before we apply these theorems, it is best for you to be reminded about these
theorems.

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Theorems:
The SAS Similarity Theorem- Two triangles are similar if an angle of one triangle
is congruent to an angle of another triangle and the corresponding sides including
those angles are in proportion.

The SSS Similarity Theorem – Two triangles are similar if the corresponding sides
of two triangles are in proportion.

The AA Similarity Theorem – Two triangles are similar if two angles of one triangle
are congruent to two angles of another triangle.

The Right Triangle Similarity Theorem – If the altitude is drawn to the hypotenuse
of a right triangle, then the two triangles formed are similar to the original triangle
and to each other.

Special Right Triangle Theorem

√2
In a 45 – 45 – 90 triangle each leg l is times the hypotenuse h; and the hypotenuse
2
h is √2 times each leg l.

1 √3
In a 30 – 60 – 90 triangle the shorter leg s is the hypotenuse h or times the
2 3
longer leg l, the longer leg is √3 times the shorter leg s and the hypotenuse is twice
the shorter leg s.

Now let us take a look at the following examples using SAS, SSS and AA
Similarity Theorem.

Example A: Find the length at the unknown side or the measure of the unknown
angle to make each pair of triangles similar.
Solution:
4 7
=
16 𝑥
1. by SAS Similarity Theorem
(4)(x) = (7)(16) Fundamental Rule
4
4x = 112 of Proportion
1 1
16 ( 4 ) (4x) = (112)( 4 ) by MPE
4𝑥 112
7 =
4 4
x = ____ Answer: x = 28

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 Solution:
𝑏 12 𝑏 8
2. By SSS Similarity Theorem = 𝑜𝑟 𝑦𝑜𝑢 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑢𝑠𝑒 =
30 36 30 24
36 36(b)=30(12) Fundamental
24
Rule of proportion
1 1
( 36 )(36b) = (360)( 36 ) by MPE
30
36𝑏 360
=
12 8 36 36

Answer: b = 10
b = __

x 0
3. by AA Similarity Theorem
Answer: x = 400

Note: Sum of angles of a

400 triangle is 180°.

Example B. The Right Triangle Similarity Theorem

Consider ∆ABC such that ∠C is right angle and CD is an altitude to the hypotenuse.
We prove on the previous module the ∆ADC ~ ∆ACB ~ ∆CDB using the similarities in
right triangle.
C C C C

x
a b
A D B A D D B A B
D
Since CD ⊥ AB then m∠ADC = m∠CDB = m∠ACB = 90 then by AA Similarity
Theorem, we have the ∆ADC ~ ∆ACB. Using the same theorem and that ∠ B ≅ ∠ B,
we have ∆ACB~ ∆CDB. Hence ∆ ADC ~ ∆CDB by transitivity.

Recall that the geometric mean of two numbers a and b is the positive number x
such that a : x = x : b. If x is the geometric mean of a and b, then x = √𝑎𝑏 .

AD CD AB AC AB BC
In the figure = , = , and = .
CD BD AC AD BC BD

Assume that CD is the altitude to the hypotenuse ̅̅̅̅

AB of right ∆ACB.
C
1. If AD = 3 and DB = 12, find CD
2. If AD = 6 and BD = 18, find AC
3. If AD = 6 and BD = 8, find BC
A D B
6
Solutions:
AB AC AB BC
1.
AD
=
CD
2. = 3.
BC
= BD
CD BD AC AD
18+6 BC
3 CD 18+6 AC =
= = BC 8
CD 12 AC 6
24 BC
(CD)2 = 36 24
=
AC =
BC 8
AC 6
√(CD)2 = √36 BC = √192
√(AC)2 = √144
CD =6 BC = √64 · 3
AC = 12
BC = 𝟖 √𝟑

Example C. Special Right Triangle Theorem

Right Triangles whose angles measure 45 – 45 – 90 or 30 – 60 – 90 are referred

to as special right triangles. The Pythagorean Theorem gives us information about
the special right triangles.
In the previous module, we prove that in a 45 – 45 – 90 triangles, or in an
isosceles right triangle, the hypotenuse is √2 times as long as each leg. We proved
also that in 30 – 60 – 90 triangles, the hypotenuse is twice as long as the shorter leg,
and the longer leg is √3 times as long as the shorter leg. Let us apply the theorem.
See examples below.

1. Triangle PRS is 450 – 450 – 900 triangle. P

RS = 16, Find PS
Solution: 450
PS = RS √2 or = PR √2
PS = 16 √𝟐
̅̅̅ is the hypotenuse
Note: PS 45
R 0 S
2. Using the same figure, if PS =12, find RS

Solution:
12 √2
PS = RS √2 RS = . Rationalize then simplify
√2 √2
12√2
12 =RS √2 RS = 2
12 RS√2
= RS = 6√𝟐
√ 2 √2
12
RS = note: the legs of 45 – 45 – 90 triangle are the same.
√2

7
 3. The length of the hypotenuse of a 30 – 60 – 90 triangle is 16. Find the length
of the shorter leg and the longer leg.
Solution:
Draw the figure. 2a = c
2a = 16
1 1
(2a) = (16)
600 2 2
16 a a=8

300 to get the side b or the longer leg use:

b b = a√3
substitute the value of a
b = 8√𝟑

Note: opposite side of the 30° angle is the shorter leg and opposite side of the
60° is the longer leg.
And that is how you solve or apply theorems for similarity for triangles. Let
us now have your next activity to strengthen your knowledge about application of
these theorems.

What’s More

Activity 3: Solve Me!

Directions: Solve the following figures given below. Bear in mind the theorems that
you have learned in the activities. Write your answers on a separate sheet/s. Show
your solutions.
1. 2.
12cm
3cm
b

600
3. a 4.

d f
e

450
18cm 2cm 18cm

8
 What I Have Learned

Activity 4. Sum It Up!

Directions: Write your answers on a separate sheet/s of paper.

1. Draw triangles that are similar using AA, SAS, and SSS Similarity Theorems.
Two examples each.
2. Make a summary of what you have learned in Right Triangle Similarity Theorem.
3. How to solve Special Right Triangle?

What I Can Do

Activity 5. You Can Do This!

Now let’s apply your knowledge in real life by taking the following activity.

The shadow of a man who is 1.80 m tall is 3.90 m long. If at the same time,
the shadow of the trees is 5.20 m long. How tall is the tree?

Write your answers on a separate sheet/s of paper.

Draw the picture My Solution Theorem Applied

9
 Lesson
Proving Pythagorean
2 Theorem

What’s In

In previous lesson, your teacher taught you about the right triangle
similarity theorem and the Geometric Mean. This theorem will be used in Proving
Pythagorean Theorem.

B
̅̅̅̅ is _____________of ∆ABC
AB
̅̅̅̅
BC is _____________ of ∆ABC
̅̅̅̅
AC is _____________ of ∆ABC

A D C

The Right Triangle Similarity Theorem

In any right triangle the altitude to the hypotenuse divides the triangle
into two right triangles, which are similar to each other and to the given right
triangle.

The Geometric Mean

In a right triangle, the altitude to the hypotenuse is the geometric mean
of the segments into which it divides the hypotenuse and each of the legs is the
geometric mean of the hypotenuse and the segment of the hypotenuse adjacent
to the leg.

10
 What’s New

Activity 1. Draw and Explore!

Let’s do the activity to discover the Pythagorean Theorem.

a. The triangle in the middle is a right triangle with legs of a and b. Draw the
figure on your sheet of paper.
b. Squares are formed from the sides of the triangle, what is the area of each
square?
c. Cut out the 3 squares from each sides of the triangle.
d. Form a square congruent to the largest square C from the pieces of the
other two squares. Cut out square B to form 4 triangles. Using 4 triangles
and square A form a figure congruent to square C.

Questions:
1. Relate the areas of square A and B to that of square C.
2. Draw and illustrate your solution.

What is It

In Mathematics 7, we were introduced to right triangle together with the

other kinds of triangles. We defined that a right triangle is a triangle with a right
angle. We also knew that the sides which include the right angle are the legs of
the right triangle and the third side, which is the longest side is the hypotenuse
of the right triangle.

However, the study of right triangle will not be complete without

mentioning the theorem which is considered as one of the most useful theorems
in Geometry the Pythagorean Theorem.

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 The Pythagorean Theorem and It’s Proof

Pythagorean Theorem
The square of the hypotenuse of a right triangle is equal to the sum of the squares
of the legs.

The Pythagorean theorem is attributed to the Greek mathematicians and

philosopher Pythagoras and his followers who proved this theorem about 2500
years ago.

̅̅̅̅ = c, and BC
Consider ∆ABC with m∠C = 90, AB ̅̅̅̅ = a, ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ = x, BD
AC = b, AD ̅̅̅̅ = y.
C

a
b

xx yy
A D B
c

Let CD be an altitude drawn to the hypotenuse.

Prove that a2 + b2 = c2

PROOF:

STATEMENTS REASONS
1. ∆ABC is a right triangle 1. Given
2. ∆ADC ~ ∆CBD ~ ∆ ACB 2. Right Triangle Similarity
Theorem
𝑐 𝑎 𝑐 𝑏 3. Definition of Similar Triangle
3. = and =
𝑎 𝑦 𝑏 𝑥 4. Fundamental Rule of Proportion
4. a2 = cy and b2 = cx
5. Addition Property of Equality
5. a2 + b2 = cy + cx 6. Common Monomial Factoring
6. a2 + b2 = c(x + y) 7. Product Law of Exponent
7. a2 + b2 = c2

12
L

What’s More
Activity 2. Complete the Statements!

Write the reason/statement that are left blank in the proof of Pythagorean
Theorem. Write your answers on a separate sheet/s of paper.

M Given
r • LM
̅̅̅̅ = r and MN
̅̅̅̅̅ = s as the legs,
s • LN
̅̅̅̅ = t as the hypotenuse
L • ∠LMN is a right triangle
Prove
r2 + s2 = t2 or t2 = r2 + s2
N

Proof M
Construct altitude MK ̅̅̅̅̅ = w to the
̅̅̅̅ = t, dividing it to LK
hypotenuse LN ̅̅̅̅ = s
r
̅̅̅̅
u and KN = v w
u v
L N
K
t
Separating the Right Triangle
L
M

M N K N K M

HINTS STATEMENTS REASONS

Describe triangles
LMN, MKN and LKM 1.∆LMN ∆MKN ∆LKM Right Triangle
̅̅̅̅̅
when an altitude MK Similarity Theorem
is drawn to its
hypotenuse.
Write the proportion 2. 𝒖 =
in solving the 𝒕 3. Special Properties of
𝒗 𝒔
geometric means. = __________ Triangles
𝒔 𝒕
Cross multiply the r2= ut 4. Fundamental Rule
term of the of _______________

13
 proportions in
statements 2 and 3. 5.
Add s2 to both sides r2 + s2 = ut + s2 6. __________ Property
of r2 =ut in the of Equality
statements 4 and 5.
Substitute s2 on the 7. Substitution
right side of
statement 6 using
its equivalent from
statements 4 and 5.
Factor the right side 8. Common Monomial
of statement 7. Factoring
Substitute u + v in 9. Segment Addition
statement 8 by its Postulate
equivalent length in
the figure.
Simplify the right 10. Product Law of
side of statement 9. Exponents

Activity 3. Identify the Right Triangle!

The length of the three sides of a triangle are given. Determine which is a
right triangle. Draw triangle (∆) if it is right triangle and draw circle (o) if it is not.
Write your answer on separate sheet/s of paper.

1. 5, 12, 13
2. 21, 22, 23
3. 5, 6, 7
4. 0.7, 2.4, 2.5
1 √3
5. , ,1
2 2

Activity 4. Solve the Missing Sides!

Use the Pythagorean theorem to find the unknown side of the given
triangle if two of its sides are given. Note that these lengths are known as
Pythagorean triples. The last one is done for you. Write your answer on separate
sheet/s of paper.
Given Right Shorter Longer Hypotenuse Solution
Triangle Leg (a) Leg (b) (c)
C 6 8
a c O 5 13
V 20 29

b I 44 55

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 D 24 25 a2 + b2= c2
a2+(24)2= (25)2
a2 + 576= 625
a2 =625 – 576
√𝑎2 = √49
a=7

What I Have Learned

From the Pythagorean Theorem, you have learned that the square of the
hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the legs.

Activity 5. Analyze and Solve!

In the picture at the right, apply what

you have learned about Pythagorean
theorem. Write yours answer on
separate sheet/s of paper.

What I Can Do

Activity 6. You Can Solve This!

Write your answer on separate sheet/s and show your solutions.

The roof of a nipa hut is in the form of a square pyramid with

altitude of 4 m and base 6 m. Find the slant height (h) and the lateral
edge (e) of the roof.
e
h
6m

15
 Assessment

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers on a
separate sheet/s of paper.

1. Which is not true about a right triangle?

A. In a right triangle, the squares of the hypotenuse are equal
to the sum of the squares of the legs.
B. In a right triangle, the altitude to the hypotenuse separates
the triangle into two similar triangles.
C. The longest side in a right triangle is the longer leg.
D. The perpendicular sides of a right triangle are the legs.

2. The diagonal of a rectangle is 30 cm and its length is 24 cm. Find its width.
A. 18 cm B. 18√2 cm C. 19 cm D. 20 cm

3. Which of the following statements is/are true about the figure? L

I. ∆CAL ~ ∆CMA ~ ∆AML M
̅̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
II. AM is the geometric mean of CM and LM ̅̅̅̅
III. ̅̅̅̅
AL is the geometric mean of ̅̅̅̅
LM and ̅CL̅̅̅
IV. ̅̅̅̅
AC is the geometric mean of ̅̅̅̅
CM and ̅CL̅̅̅ C A
̅̅̅̅̅ is an altitude to hypotenuse CL
V. AM ̅̅̅̅
A. I only B. I and V C. II, III, and IV D. all of the above

4. What is the perimeter of 30-60-90 triangle whose hypotenuse is 8

cm long?
A. (2 + 8 √3) cm B. (4 + 8 √3) cm C. (12 + √3 ) cm D. (12 + 4√3) cm

5. If the square of the hypotenuse of an isosceles right triangle is 98

cm2, find the length of each side.
A. 6 cm B. 7 cm C. 8 cm D. 9 cm

For numbers 6-7. Refer to figure below.

9 53°
6

32° y°
10 x
6. In the figure, what is the value of x?
A. 5 B. 10 C. 15 D. 20

7. In the same figure, what is the value of y?

16
 A. 32° B. 53° C.85° D.95°
For numbers 8-9, ∆BUD~∆RON
O

U
12
8 4

B 6 D
R N
8. ∆BUD~∆RON, what is the measure of line segment ON?
A. 6 B. 8 C. 10 D. 12

9. Using the same figure above, what is RN?

A. 6 B. 9 C. 12 D. 15

10. Find the geometric mean of 4 and 11.

A. 2 B. 2√11 C.4 D. 4√11

17
 18
Assessment What I Can Do What I Have Learned What’s More
1.C 6. C Slant Height Answer may Vary C.
2.A 7. A h = 5m 1. 10
3.D 8. A Lateral edge 2. 12
4.D 9. B 3. 21
e=√34 m or 5.83m
5.B 10. B 4. 33
5. 7
What’s More What’s More What’s In
B. A. Shorter leg
1. ~ What’s New Longer leg
2. r 1. ANSWER MAY Hypotenuse
1.
3. Right VARY
4. Proportion 2.
2. 5. s2 = vt
6. Addition
3. 7. r2 + s2 = ut + vt
8. r2 + s2= t (u + v)
4. 9. r2 + s2 = t (t)
10. r2 + s2 = t2
5.
What I Have
What I Can Do Learned
Answer:2.4cm by SAS
Similarity Theorem Answer may
vary.
What I Know
What’s More What’s New What’s In 1. A
16 2. C
1. a = √3 1. Right 1. Special Right
3 3. C
cm Triangle Triangle
4. D
Similaerity Theorem
b = 16√3 cm 5. C
Theorem 2. Right Triangle
2. c=6cm 6. C
2. Special RTT Similarity
3. d=6cm 7. C
3. SSS Triangle
e= 6√10 or 8. D
4. SAS 3. SSS
e=18.94c 9. C
5. AA 4. SAS
m 10. D
5. AA Similarity
4. f=9√2 cm Th.
Answer Key
References

Books:

Ateneo De Manila University. 2002 BEC (Mathematics) Lesson Guide in

Geometry

Bryant, M.L., Bulalayao, LE., Callante, M.M., Cruz, J.D., De Vera, R.F.,
Garcia, G.T., Javier, S.E., Lazaro, R.A., Mesterio, B.J., Saladino,
R.H.A.(2014) Department of Education Mathematics Grade 9 Learners
Material 1ST Edition, 2014

Diaz, Z.B., Mojica, MP., Suzara, J.l., Mercado, J.P., Esparrago, M.S., Reyes
Jr., N.V. (2014), Next Century Mathematics 9 Phoenix Publishing
House Inc.

Orence, O.A, Mendoza, M.O. (2003), Exploring Mathematics Geometry III

(1ST Ed.) Rex Book store

Orence, O.A, Mendoza, M.O. (2003) E- Math Work Text in Mathematics 9

Rex Book store

Soledad Jose-Dilao, Bernabe, J.G., Orines, F.B.(2013) Geometry Textbook for

Third Year Revised Edition, 2009

19