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Types of RTOS: Hard Real Time

There are three main types of real-time operating systems (RTOS): hard real-time, firm real-time, and soft real-time. Hard RTOS have strict deadlines that must always be met, firm RTOS have deadlines that should usually be met to avoid quality reductions, and soft RTOS accept some deadline delays. RTOS occupy less memory than general-purpose OS, consume fewer resources, and have highly predictable response times. Key factors for selecting an RTOS include performance, error handling, and suitability for embedded systems. Common RTOS applications include air traffic control, medical devices, and industrial automation systems.

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154 views

Types of RTOS: Hard Real Time

There are three main types of real-time operating systems (RTOS): hard real-time, firm real-time, and soft real-time. Hard RTOS have strict deadlines that must always be met, firm RTOS have deadlines that should usually be met to avoid quality reductions, and soft RTOS accept some deadline delays. RTOS occupy less memory than general-purpose OS, consume fewer resources, and have highly predictable response times. Key factors for selecting an RTOS include performance, error handling, and suitability for embedded systems. Common RTOS applications include air traffic control, medical devices, and industrial automation systems.

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abhi_bad
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Types of RTOS

Three types of RTOS systems are:

Hard Real Time :

In Hard RTOS, the deadline is handled very strictly which means that given task must start executing on specified
scheduled time, and must be completed within the assigned time duration.

Example: Medical critical care system, Aircraft systems, etc.

Firm Real time:

These type of RTOS also need to follow the deadlines. However, missing a deadline may not have big impact but
could cause undesired affects, like a huge reduction in quality of a product.

Example: Various types of Multimedia applications.

Soft Real Time:

Soft Real time RTOS, accepts some delays by the Operating system. In this type of RTOS, there is a deadline
assigned for a specific job, but a delay for a small amount of time is acceptable. So, deadlines are handled softly by
this type of RTOS.

Example: Online Transaction system and Livestock price quotation System.

Terms used in RTOS


Here, are essential terms used in RTOS:

 Task – A set of related tasks that are jointly able to provide some system functionality.
 Job – A job is a small piece of work that can be assigned to a processor, and that may or may not require
resources.
 Release time of a job – It's a time of a job at which job becomes ready for execution.
 Execution time of a job: It is time taken by job to finish its execution.
 Deadline of a job: It's time by which a job should finish its execution.
 Processors: They are also known as active resources. They are important for the execution of a job.
 Maximum It is the allowable response time of a job is called its relative deadline.
 Response time of a job: It is a length of time from the release time of a job when the instant finishes.
 Absolute deadline: This is the relative deadline, which also includes its release time.

Features of RTOS
Here are important features of RTOS:

 Occupy very less memory


 Consume fewer resources
 Response times are highly predictable
 Unpredictable environment
 The Kernel saves the state of the interrupted task ad then determines which task it should run next.
 The Kernel restores the state of the task and passes control of the CPU for that task.

Factors for selecting an RTOS


Here, are essential factors that you need to consider for selecting RTOS:

 Performance: Performance is the most important factor required to be considered while selecting for a
RTOS.
 Middleware: if there is no middleware support in Real time operating system, then the issue of time-taken
integration of processes occurs.
 Error-free: RTOS systems are error-free. Therefore, there is no chance of getting an error while performing
the task.
 Embedded system usage: Programs of RTOS are of small size. So we widely use RTOS for embedded
systems.
 Maximum Consumption: we can achieve maximum Consumption with the help of RTOS.
 Task shifting: Shifting time of the tasks is very less.
 Unique features: A good RTS should be capable, and it has some extra features like how it operates to
execute a command, efficient protection of the memory of the system, etc.
 24/7 performance: RTOS is ideal for those applications which require to run 24/7.

Difference between in GPOS and RTOS


Here are important differences between GPOS and RTOS:

General-Purpose Operating Real-Time Operating System


System (GPOS) (RTOS)

It used for desktop PC and laptop. It is only applied to the embedded


application.

Process-based Scheduling. Time-based scheduling used like


round-robin scheduling.

Interrupt latency is not considered as Interrupt lag is minimal, which is


important as in RTOS. measured in a few microseconds.

No priority inversion mechanism is The priority inversion mechanism is


present in the system. current. So it can not modify by the
system.

Kernel's operation may or may not Kernel's operation can be


be preempted. preempted.

Priority inversion remain unnoticed No predictability guarantees

Applications of Real Time Operating System


Real-time systems are used in:
 Airlines reservation system.
 Air traffic control system.
 Systems that provide immediate updating.
 Used in any system that provides up to date and minute information on stock prices.
 Defense application systems like RADAR.
 Networked Multimedia Systems
 Command Control Systems
 Internet Telephony
 Anti-lock Brake Systems
 Heart Pacemaker

Disadvantages of RTOS
Here, are drawbacks/cons of using RTOS system:

 RTOS system can run minimal tasks together, and it concentrates only on those applications which contain
an error so that it can avoid them.
 RTOS is the system that concentrates on a few tasks. Therefore, it is really hard for these systems to do
multi-tasking.
 Specific drivers are required for the RTOS so that it can offer fast response time to interrupt signals, which
helps to maintain its speed.
 Plenty of resources are used by RTOS, which makes this system expensive.
 The tasks which have a low priority need to wait for a long time as the RTOS maintains the accuracy of the
program, which are under execution.
 Minimum switching of tasks is done in Real time operating systems.
 It uses complex algorithms which is difficult to understand.
 RTOS uses lot of resources, which sometimes not suitable for the system.

Summary:

 RTOS is an operating system intended to serve real time application that process data as it comes in, mostly
without buffer delay.
 It offers priority-based scheduling, which allows you to separate analytical processing from non-critical
processing.
 Important components of RTOS system are: 1)The Scheduler, 2) Symmetric Multiprocessing, 3) Function
Library, 4) Memory Management, 5) Fast dispatch latency, and 6) User-defined data objects and classes
 Three types of RTOS are 1) Hard time 2) Soft time ,and 3) Firm time
 RTOS system occupy very less memory and consume fewer resources
 Performance is the most important factor required to be considered while selecting for a RTOS.
 General-Purpose Operating System (GPOS) is used for desktop PC and laptop while Real-Time Operating
System (RTOS) only applied to the embedded application.
 Real-time systems are used in Airlines reservation system, Air traffic control system,etc.
 The biggest drawback of RTOS is that the system only concentrates on a few tasks.

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