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    CE 405 - CE22S1 - Alcantara - Gelvher - G4Lab2

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    Gelvher Alcantara
    1) The student conducted a sieve analysis to determine the particle size distribution of coarse and fine aggregates. 2) The procedure involved drying and weighing the sample, passing it through a series of nested sieves, weighing the material retained on each sieve, and calculating the cumulative percentage passing. 3) For the fine aggregates sample, errors were observed where the total weight retained exceeded the original sample weight. Gradation results showed acceptable ranges based on specifications for most sieves.

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    CE 405 - CE22S1 - Alcantara - Gelvher - G4Lab2

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    Gelvher Alcantara
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    1) The student conducted a sieve analysis to determine the particle size distribution of coarse and fine aggregates. 2) The procedure involved drying and weighing the sample, passing it through a series of nested sieves, weighing the material retained on each sieve, and calculating the cumulative percentage passing. 3) For the fine aggregates sample, errors were observed where the total weight retained exceeded the original sample weight. Gradation results showed acceptable ranges based on specifications for most sieves.

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    1) The student conducted a sieve analysis to determine the particle size distribution of coarse and fine aggregates. 2) The procedure involved drying and weighing the sample, passing it through a series of nested sieves, weighing the material retained on each sieve, and calculating the cumulative percentage passing. 3) For the fine aggregates sample, errors were observed where the total weight retained exceeded the original sample weight. Gradation results showed acceptable ranges based on specifications for most sieves.

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    65 views8 pages

    CE 405 - CE22S1 - Alcantara - Gelvher - G4Lab2

    Uploaded by

    Gelvher Alcantara
    1) The student conducted a sieve analysis to determine the particle size distribution of coarse and fine aggregates. 2) The procedure involved drying and weighing the sample, passing it through a series of nested sieves, weighing the material retained on each sieve, and calculating the cumulative percentage passing. 3) For the fine aggregates sample, errors were observed where the total weight retained exceeded the original sample weight. Gradation results showed acceptable ranges based on specifications for most sieves.

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    of 8

    TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPINES

    938 Aurora Blvd., Cubao, Quezon City

    CE 405 (Construction Materials and Testing)

    Laboratory Activity No. 2


    Sieve Analysis

    Submitted by:
    Alcantara, Gelvher C.
    1912451

    ACADEMIC INTEGRITY PLEDGE

    I swear on my honor that I did not use any inappropriate aid, nor give such to others, in accomplishing this coursework. I
    understand that cheating and/or plagiarism is a major offense, as stated in TIP Memorandum No. P-04, s. 2017-2018, and
    that I will be sanctioned appropriately once I have committed such acts. 
     

    Gelvher C. Alcantara
    1912451
    NAME: ALCANTARA, Gelvher C. DATE: 05/04/2021
    SCHEDULE/SECTION: CE22S1 / T-Th-S CE 405 – Construction Materials & Testing
    GROUP NO: IV
    GROUP MEMBERS: ALCANTARA, Gelvher
    ESPIRITU, Mellandro
    GARBO, Lhee Ann
    JUGUILON, Mark Jerahmeel
    PARRENO, Shania
    PUMENTO, Jhon Paul
    REDUTA, Danrel
    TEOXON, Princess Psykie
    VIDAL, Geoville
    VILLALOBOS, Smhelcher

    Laboratory Activity No. 2


    Sieve Analysis
    Learning Outcome:
    At the end of the activity, the students should be able to:
    1. Familiarize with basic procedure for the Sieve Analysis of the Aggregates.
    2. Determine the particle size distribution of the coarse and fine aggregates.
    3. Characterize the aggregates according to the predominant grain size.
    I. Discussion:

    As conformed in the ASTM 136-98a, the grain size characteristics of soils that are predominantly coarse grained
    are evaluated by a sieve analysis. A nest of sieves is prepared by staking test sieves one above the other with the largest
    opening at the top followed by sieves of successively smaller openings and a catch pan at the bottom. The maximum size of
    the aggregates depends on the type of structure for which concrete is to be used. Most of the time, the aggregates have a
    uniform gradation. However, gap-graded aggregates provide better strength characteristics. In gap-grading, the sizes of
    aggregates do not decrease uniformly. Certain size segments are left out in order to obtain better packing and, hence, a
    more utilization of cement.
    II. Apparatus:

    1 Set of Sieves
    1 Weighing Scale
    1 Scoop or spoon
    2 Pans
    ½ Bag of Coarse Aggregates
    ½ Bag of Fine Aggregates

    III. Procedure:
    Preparation of Samples
    1. Gather aggregates sample (coarse and fine) weighing at least 1 kg, put it in a pan and then weigh.
    2. Dry the sample to constant weight at a temperature of 110 ± 5 °C; weigh after cooling to room temperature.
    3. Place sample in a container large enough and to permit spilling when water is added.
    4. Add water and agitate.
    5. Pour wash aggregates over the nested sieves, avoiding decantation of coarse particles, repeat operation until
    wash materials are clear, return all the materials retained in the nested sieves.
    6. Dry washed sample to constant weight and weigh after cooling at room temperature.
    Sieve Analysis
    7. Pass the sample through the nested sieves.
    8. Weight materials retained on each sieves.
    9. Calculate the cumulative percentage passing each sieve on the basis of oven-dry weight of the original sample.

    IV. Observations

    After performing the experiment, the students observed there is an error in the data collected in the sieve
    analysis of the coarse aggregates. The weight of the total soil retained exceeded the weight of the soil sample, which
    may be caused by an error in the weighing scale. In addition to that, the students observed that the sieve analysis for
    fine and coarse aggregates have the same procedures.

    1.Gather aggregates sample (coarse


    and fine) put it in a pan and then weigh. 2. Pass the sample through the nested
    sieves.

    4. Calculate the cumulative percentage


    passing each sieve on the basis of oven- 3. Weight materials retained on each
    dry weight of the original sample. sieve.
    V. Data and Results
    5.1 For Fine Aggregates
    Mass of Mass of Sieve Mass of Cumulative
    Sieve % Cumulative Specification
    Sieve Size Sieve + Retained Soil Passing
    No. Retained % Retained % Passing
    (g) Soil Retained Finer
    #4 4.75 mm 501 g 503 g 2g 0.20 % 0.20 % 99.80 % 100
    #8 2.36 mm 372 g 428 g 56 g 5.60 % 5.80 % 94.20 % 95-100
    #10 2 mm 506 g 542 g 36 g 3.60 % 9.40 % 90.60 % 80-100
    #16 1.18 mm 398 g 969 g 571 g 57.10 % 66.50 % 33.50 % 50-85
    #30 0.6 mm 372 g 585 g 213 g 21.30 % 87.80 % 12.20 % 25-60
    #50 0.3 mm 348 g 437 g 89 g 8.90 % 96.70 % 3.30 % 5-30
    #100 0.15 mm 304 g 332 g 28 g 2.80 % 99.50 % 0.50 % 0-10
    Pan - 344 g 349 g 5g 0.50 % 100 % 0 -
    Mass of Sample : 1000 grams
    Mass of Oven-Dry Sample :
    Mass Retained at #200 Sieves : 5 grams

    5.2 Computation

    Calculate the mass of soil retained for each sieve number:


    Mass of soil retained=Mass of Sieve+ Retained Soil – Mass of Sieve

    Mass of soil retained in Sieve #4 ¿ 503 g−501 g Mass of soil retained in Sieve #30 ¿ 585 g−372 g
    Mass of soil retained in Sieve #4 ¿ 2 g Mass of soil retained in Sieve #30 ¿ 213 g

    Mass of soil retained in Sieve #8 ¿ 428 g−372 g Mass of soil retained in Sieve #50 ¿ 437 g−348 g
    Mass of soil retained in Sieve #8 ¿ 56 g Mass of soil retained in Sieve #50 ¿ 89 g

    Mass of soil retained in Sieve #10 ¿ 542 g−506 g Mass of soil retained in Sieve #100 ¿ 332 g−304 g
    Mass of soil retained in Sieve #10 ¿ 36 g Mass of soil retained in Sieve #100 ¿ 28 g

    Mass of soil retained in Sieve #16 ¿ 969 g−398 g Mass of soil retained in Pan ¿ 349 g−344 g
    Mass of soil retained in Sieve #16 ¿ 571 g Mass of soil retained in Pan ¿ 5 g

    Determine the Percentage on Sieve Number


    mass of soil retained
    % Retained= x 100
    Total mass of soil sample
    213 g
    % Retained
    2 g ∈Sieve ¿ 30= x 100
    % Retained ∈Sieve ¿ 4= x 100 1000 g
    1000 g
    % Retained ∈Sieve ¿ 30=21.30 %
    % Retained ∈Sieve ¿ 4=0.20 %
    89 g
    % Retained
    56 g ∈Sieve ¿ 50= x 100
    % Retained ∈Sieve ¿ 8= x 100 1000 g
    1000 g
    % Retained ∈Sieve ¿ 50=8.90 %
    % Retained ∈Sieve ¿ 8=5.60 %
    28 g
    % Retained
    36 g ∈Sieve ¿ 100= x 100
    % Retained ∈Sieve ¿ 10= x 100 1000 g
    1000 g
    % Retained ∈Sieve ¿ 100=2.80 %
    571 g 5g
    % Retained ∈Sieve ¿%
    16=
    Retained ∈the
    x 100Pan= x 100
    1000 g 1000 g
    5.3 For Coarse Aggregates
    Cumulativ
    Mass of Mass of Sieve Mass of Cumulative e Passing
    Sieve Sieve + Retained Soil % Specification
    Sieve Size % Retained Finer
    No. (g) Soil Retained Retained % Passing
    (Rn) (∑ 𝑹𝒏)
    3’’ 75 mm 497 g 497 g 0 0 0 100 % -
    1 ½’’ 37.5 mm 523 g 523 g 0 0 0 100 % -
    1’’ 25 mm 520 g 604 g 84 g 8.40 % 8.40 % 91.60 % 100
    ¾’’ 19 mm 514 g 774 g 260 g 26 % 34.40 % 65.60 % 90-100
    ½’’ 12.5 mm 518 g 1110 g 592 g 59.20 % 93.60 % 6.40 % 20-55
    3/8’’ 9.5 mm 509 g 580 g 71 g 7.10 % 100.70 % -0.70 % 0-15
    #4 4.75 mm 501 g 503 g 2g 0.2 % 100.90 % -0.90 % 0-5
    Pan - 344 g 340 g 0 0 100.90 % -0.90 % -
    Mass of Sample : 1000 grams
    Mass of Oven-Dry Sample :
    Mass Retained at #200 Sieves :

    5.2 Computation

    Calculate the mass of soil retained for each sieve number:


    Mass of soil retained=Mass of Sieve+ Retained Soil – Mass of Sieve

    Mass of soil retained in 3” Sieve ¿ 497 g−497 g Mass of soil retained in ½” Sieve¿ 110 g−518 g
    Mass of soil retained in 3” Sieve ¿ 0 Mass of soil retained in ½” Sieve ¿ 592 g

    Mass of soil retained in 1 ½“ Sieve ¿ 523 g−523 g Mass of soil retained in 3/8” Sieve¿ 580 g−509 g
    Mass of soil retained in 1 ½” Sieve ¿ 0 Mass of soil retained in 3/8” Sieve ¿ 71 g

    Mass of soil retained in 1” Sieve ¿ 604 g−520 g Mass of soil retained in Sieve #4 ¿ 503 g−501 g
    Mass of soil retained in 1” Sieve ¿ 84 g Mass of soil retained in Sieve #4 ¿ 2 g

    Mass of soil retained in 3/4” Sieve ¿ 774 g−514 g Mass of soil retained in Pan ¿ 340 g−344 g
    Mass of soil retained in ¾” Sieve ¿ 260 g Mass of soil retained in Pan ¿ 0

    Determine the Percentage on Sieve Number


    mass of soil retained
    % Retained= x 100
    Total mass of soil sample
    % Retained ∈1 /2 Sieve= {592 g} over {1000 g} x 10
    % Retained ∈3 Sieve= {0} over {1000 g} x 10
    % Retained ∈3 Sieve=
    % Retained ∈1 /2 Sieve=59.20
    % Retained ∈1 1/2 Sieve= {0} over {1000 g} x 10
    % Retained ∈3 /8 Sieve= {71 g} over {1000 g} x 10
    % Retained ∈1 1/2 Sieve=
    % Retained ∈3 / 8 Sieve=7.10
    % Retained ∈1 Sieve= {84 g} over {1000 g} x 10
    % Retained ∈1 Sieve=8.40 2g
    % Retained ∈Sieve ¿ 4= x 100
    1000 g
    % Retained ∈Sieve ¿ 4=0.20 %
    % Retained ∈3 /4 Sieve= {260 g} over {10000g} x 10
    % Retained ∈the Pan= x 100
    % Retained ∈3 /4 Sieve=26 1000 g
    % Retained ∈the Pan=0

    VI. Conclusion
    The results of the experiment show that for fine aggregates, there is no difference between the total mass of the
    sample and the total mass of the retained soil. On the other hand, for coarse aggregates, the total mass of the retained soil
    (1009 g) exceeded the total mass of the soil sample (1000 g), causing the cumulative percentage retained to exceed 100%
    and giving the cumulative passing finer negative values on the 3/8" and #4 sieves. With regards to this, the students
    concluded that getting a higher total mass of the retained soil compared to the total mass of soil sample of coarse
    aggregates was caused by certain errors such as human errors (error in recording data) and technical errors (error on the
    weighing scale).

    In addition to that, the students concluded that sieve analysis is necessary as it determines the particle size
    distribution of a soil sample, making it easier to identify the mechanical properties of the soil, wherein these mechanical
    properties determine whether a given soil can sustain an engineering structure.

    NOTE:
    a.) Calculate the mass of soil retained for each sieve number:
    Mass of soil retained = Mass of Sieve + Retained Soil – Mass of Sieve
    b.) Determine the Percentage on Sieve Number

    Mass of soil retained


    % Retained =Total Mass of Soil 𝑥100
    Sample

    c.) Calculate the Cumulative Percent of soil retained on the nth sieve
    Cumulative % Retained = ∑ 𝑅𝑛 = 𝑅1 + 𝑅2 + ⋯ + 𝑅𝑛
    d.) Calculate the Cumulative Percent Passing through the nth sieve
    Percent Finer = 100 – Cumulative % Retained

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