Mid Term Discrete Structures BCS-2

MIRPUR UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF CS & IT
Mid Term Exam Spring, 2021
Open Book Exam (15-06-2021)
Class: BSCS 2nd Subject: Discrete Structures (BCS-1203)
Time Allowed: 8 Hrs.(08:00-16:00) Max. Marks: 45

Email: sabeen_zaibkhan@hotmail.com Mobile No.0344-8808820
_______________________________________________________________________
Instructions:
• Be precise in answering the questions. Attempt question according to marks distribution.
• Attempt all the questions in sequence i.e. attempt all parts of one question at one place.
• Provide answers to the point and stick to the related answer. Paper is open-book; it doesn’t
mean write complete chapter/book. Extra material may lead to marks deduction. Maximum
length of answer is mentioned with each question where required.
• Must write your registration no, class/semester and session on each sheet of your answer
book.
• Must name the file/ answer book with your proper roll No. If you are a reenroll student
mention it with file name. Upload the file on CMS.
_______________________________________________________________________
Q #1- a: [3]
What rule of inference is used in each of these arguments?
a) It is either hotter than 100 degrees today or the pollution is dangerous. It is less than 100
degrees outside today. Therefore, the pollution is dangerous.
b) Linda is an excellent swimmer. If Linda is an excellent swimmer, then she can work as a
lifeguard. Therefore, Linda can work as a lifeguard.
c) Steve will work at a computer company this summer. Therefore, this summer Steve will
work at a computer company or he will be a beach bum.
Q#1- b: [3]
Determine whether these statements are true or false.
a) ∅ ∈ {∅} b) ∅ ∈ {∅,{∅}}
c) {∅} ∈ {{∅}} d) {{∅}} ⊂ {∅,{∅}}
Q #2- a: [3]
What is the Cartesian product A × B, where A is the set of courses offered by the
mathematics department at a university and B is the set of mathematics professors at this
university? Give an example of how this Cartesian product can be used.
Q#2- b: [3]
Find A³
if a) A = {a} b) A = {0, a}
Q#2- c: [3]
Express each of these statements using predicates, quantifiers, logical connectives, and
mathematical operators where the domain consists of all integers.
a) The product of two negative integers is positive.
b) The difference of two negative integers is not necessarily negative.
c) The absolute value of the sum of two integers does not exceed the sum of the absolute
values of these integers
Q #3-a: [5]
Let Q(x) be the statement “x + 1 > 2x.” If the domain consists of all integers, what are these
truth values?
a) ∃x¬Q(x) b) Q(−1)
c) ∀x¬Q(x) d) ∃xQ(x)
e) ∀xQ(x)
Q#3-b: [4]
Let P (x), Q(x), R(x), and S(x) be the statements “x is a duck,” “x is one of my poultry,” “x is
an officer,” and “x is willing to waltz,” respectively. Express each of these statements using
quantifiers; logical connectives; and P (x), Q(x), R(x), and S(x).
a) No ducks are willing to waltz.
b) No officers ever decline to waltz.
c) All my poultry are ducks.
d) My poultry are not officers.
Q#4-a: [3]
a) Suppose that SmartphoneA has 256 MB RAM and 32 GB ROM, and the resolution of its
camera is 8 MP; Smartphone B has 288 MB RAM and 64 GB ROM, and the resolution of its
camera is 4 MP; and Smartphone C has 128 MB RAM and 32 GB ROM, and the resolution
of its camera is 5 MP. Determine the truth value of each of these propositions.
a) Smartphone B has more RAM, more ROM, and a higher resolution camera than
Smartphone A.
b) If Smartphone B has more RAM and more ROM than Smartphone C, then it also has a
higher resolution camera.
c) Smartphone A has more RAM than Smartphone B if and only if Smartphone B has more
RAM than Smartphone A.
Q#4-b: [3]
Let p and q be the propositions “The election is decided” and “The votes have been counted,”
respectively. Express each of these compound propositions as an English sentence.
i) p ↔ q ii) ¬q ∨ (¬p ∧ q)
iii) ¬q → ¬p
Q#4-c: [3]
Construct a truth table for each of these compound propositions.
a) ((p → q) → r) → s. b) (p ↔ q) ⊕ (p ↔ ¬q)
c) (¬p ↔ ¬q) ↔ (q ↔ r)
Q #5-a: [4]
State the converse, contrapositive, and inverse of each of these conditional statements.
a) If it snows tonight, then I will stay at home.
b) I go to the beach whenever it is a sunny summer day.
c) When I stay up late, it is necessary that I sleep until noon.
Q#5-b: [4]
Show that each of these conditional statements is a tautology by using truth tables.
a) [(p → q) ∧ (q → r)] → (p → r)
b) [(p ∨ q) ∧ (p → r) ∧ (q → r)] → r
Q #5-c: [4]
Let N (x) be the statement “x has visited North Dakota,” where the domain consists of the
students in your school. Express each of these quantifications in English.
a) ¬∀xN (x) b) ∀x¬N (x)

c) ¬∃xN (x) d) ∃x¬N (x)
GOOD LUCK!!!

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MIRPUR UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Class: BSCS 2nd Subject: Discrete Structures (BCS-1203)

Time Allowed: 8 Hrs.(08:00-16:00) Max. Marks: 45

a) ¬∀xN (x) b) ∀x¬N (x)

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