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    Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry Topic 2: Inorganic Chemistry

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    Venant Hakizimana
    This document discusses the reactivity series of metals. It explains that metals can be arranged in a series based on their reactions with water, acids, oxygen, and their displacement reactions. The more reactive a metal is, the more likely it is to lose electrons and form positive ions. Examples of displacement reactions are provided. Common metals like potassium, sodium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, aluminum, zinc, iron, copper, silver and gold are listed from most reactive to least reactive in the reactivity series. The conditions required for iron to rust and methods to prevent rusting like barrier methods and galvanization are also summarized.

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    Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry Topic 2: Inorganic Chemistry

    Uploaded by

    Venant Hakizimana
    169 views4 pages
    This document discusses the reactivity series of metals. It explains that metals can be arranged in a series based on their reactions with water, acids, oxygen, and their displacement reactions. The more reactive a metal is, the more likely it is to lose electrons and form positive ions. Examples of displacement reactions are provided. Common metals like potassium, sodium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, aluminum, zinc, iron, copper, silver and gold are listed from most reactive to least reactive in the reactivity series. The conditions required for iron to rust and methods to prevent rusting like barrier methods and galvanization are also summarized.

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    This document discusses the reactivity series of metals. It explains that metals can be arranged in a series based on their reactions with water, acids, oxygen, and their displacement reactions. The more reactive a metal is, the more likely it is to lose electrons and form positive ions. Examples of displacement reactions are provided. Common metals like potassium, sodium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, aluminum, zinc, iron, copper, silver and gold are listed from most reactive to least reactive in the reactivity series. The conditions required for iron to rust and methods to prevent rusting like barrier methods and galvanization are also summarized.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    169 views4 pages

    Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry Topic 2: Inorganic Chemistry

    Uploaded by

    Venant Hakizimana
    This document discusses the reactivity series of metals. It explains that metals can be arranged in a series based on their reactions with water, acids, oxygen, and their displacement reactions. The more reactive a metal is, the more likely it is to lose electrons and form positive ions. Examples of displacement reactions are provided. Common metals like potassium, sodium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, aluminum, zinc, iron, copper, silver and gold are listed from most reactive to least reactive in the reactivity series. The conditions required for iron to rust and methods to prevent rusting like barrier methods and galvanization are also summarized.

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    Edexcel​ ​IGCSE​ ​Chemistry

    Topic​ ​2:​ ​Inorganic​ ​chemistry


    Reactivity​ ​series

    Notes

    www.pmt.education
    2.15​ ​understand​ ​how​ ​metals​ ​can​ ​be​ ​arranged​ ​in​ ​a​ ​reactivity​ ​series​ ​based​ ​on
    their​ ​reactions​ ​with:​ ​water,​ ​dilute​ ​hydrochloric​ ​or​ ​sulfuric​ ​acid

    ● A​ ​few​ ​reactive​ ​metals​ ​will​ ​react​ ​with​ ​cold​ ​water:


    ○ Products​ ​are​ ​a​ ​metal​ ​hydroxide​ ​(forming​ ​an​ ​alkaline​ ​solution)​ ​and
    hydrogen​ ​gas​ ​(can​ ​see​ ​bubbles​ ​given​ ​off)
    ○ E.g.​ ​with​ ​potassium:​ ​2K​ ​+​ ​2H​2​O​ ​->​ ​2KOH​ ​+​ ​H​2
    ● Most​ ​metals​ ​react​ ​with​ ​acid:
    ○ acid​ ​+​ ​metal​ ​→​ ​salt​ ​+​ ​hydrogen​ ​(can​ ​see​ ​bubbles​ ​of​ ​H​2​​ ​given​ ​off)
    ● Almost​ ​all​ ​metals​ ​react​ ​with​ ​oxygen​ ​:
    ○ metal​ ​+​ ​oxygen​ ​→​ ​metal​ ​oxide
    ○ Only​ ​metal​ ​that​ ​does​ ​not​ ​react​ ​with​ ​any​ ​of​ ​the​ ​above​ ​is​ ​gold,​ ​because​ ​it​ ​is
    extremely​ ​unreactive
    ● You​ ​can​ ​therefore​ ​deduce​ ​the​ ​relative​ ​reactivity​ ​of​ ​some​ ​metals​ ​by​ ​seeing​ ​if​ ​they
    react​ ​with​ ​water​ ​(i.e.​ ​VERY​ ​reactive),​ ​acid​ ​(reactive),​ ​and​ ​oxygen​ ​(not​ ​that
    reactive)

    2.16​ ​understand​ ​how​ ​metals​ ​can​ ​be​ ​arranged​ ​in​ ​a​ ​reactivity​ ​series​ ​based​ ​on
    their​ ​displacement​ ​reactions​ ​between:​ ​metals​ ​and​ ​metal​ ​oxides,​ ​metals​ ​and
    aqueous​ ​solutions​ ​of​ ​metal​ ​salts

    ▪ You​ ​can​ ​see​ ​if​ ​one​ ​metal​ ​is​ ​more​ ​reactive​ ​than​ ​another​ ​by​ ​using​ ​displacement
    reactions:
    o Easily​ ​seen​ ​when​ ​a​ ​salt​ ​of​ ​the​ ​less​ ​reactive​ ​metal​ ​is​ ​in​ ​the​ ​solution
    ▪ More​ ​reactive​ ​metal​ ​gradually​ ​disappears​ ​as​ ​it​ ​forms​ ​a​ ​solution
    ▪ Less​ ​reactive​ ​metal​ ​coats​ ​the​ ​surface​ ​of​ ​the​ ​more​ ​reactive​ ​metal

    2.17​ ​know​ ​the​ ​order​ ​of​ ​reactivity​ ​of​ ​these​ ​metals:​ ​potassium,​ ​sodium,
    lithium,​ ​calcium,​ ​magnesium,​ ​aluminium,​ ​zinc,​ ​iron,​ ​copper,​ ​silver,​ ​gold

    ● When​ ​metals​ ​react​ ​with​ ​other​ ​substances,​ ​metal​ ​atoms​ ​form​ ​positive​ ​ions
    ● Reactivity​ ​of​ ​a​ ​metal​ ​is​ ​related​ ​to​ ​its​ ​tendency​ ​to​ ​form​ ​positive​ ​ions
    ● Metals​ c​ an​ ​be​ ​arranged​ ​in​ ​order​ ​of​ ​their​ ​reactivity​ ​in​ ​a​ ​reactivity​ ​series
    o Metals​ ​potassium,​ ​sodium,​ ​lithium,​ ​calcium,​ ​magnesium,​ ​zinc,​ ​iron​ ​and
    copper​ ​can​ ​be​ ​put​ ​in​ ​order​ ​of​ ​their​ ​reactivity​ ​from​ ​their​ ​reactions​ ​with
    water​ ​and​ ​dilute​ ​acids
    o Non-metals​ ​hydrogen​ ​and​ ​carbon​ ​are​ ​often​ ​included​ ​in​ ​the​ ​reactivity
    series
    ● A​ ​more​ ​reactive​ ​metal​ ​can​ ​displace​ ​a​ ​less​ ​reactive​ ​metals​ ​from​ ​a​ ​compound
    (think​ ​about​ ​how​ ​this​ ​is​ ​similar​ ​as​ ​well​ ​to​ ​halogens)

    www.pmt.education
    reactivity​ ​series:

    2.18​ ​know​ ​the​ ​conditions​ ​under​ ​which​ ​iron​ ​rusts

    ● Both​ ​air​ ​and​ ​water​ ​are​ ​necessary​ ​for​ ​iron​ ​to​ ​rust​ ​–​ ​i.e.​ ​oxidation​ ​–​ ​gain​ ​of​ ​oxygen
    results​ ​in​ ​corrosion

    2.19​ ​understand​ ​how​ ​the​ ​rusting​ ​of​ ​iron​ ​may​ ​be​ ​prevented​ ​by:​ ​barrier
    methods,​ ​galvanising,​ ​sacrificial​ ​protection
    ● rusting​ ​can​ ​be​ ​prevented​ ​by​ ​excluding​ ​oxygen​ ​and​ ​water​ ​e.g.​ ​by:
    o painting
    o coating​ ​with​ ​plastic
    o using​ ​oil​ ​or​ ​grease
    ● water​ ​can​ ​be​ ​kept​ ​away​ ​using​ ​a​ ​desiccant​ ​in​ ​the​ ​container​ ​(absorbs​ ​water
    vapour)
    ● oxygen​ ​can​ ​be​ ​kept​ ​away​ ​by​ ​storing​ ​the​ ​metal​ ​in​ ​a​ ​vacuum​ ​container
    ● Sacrificial​ ​protection:​ ​where​ ​the​ ​metal​ ​you​ ​want​ ​to​ ​be​ ​protected​ ​from​ ​rusting​ ​is
    galvanised​ ​with​ ​a​ ​more​ ​reactive​ ​metal,​ ​which​ ​will​ ​rust​ ​first​ ​and​ ​prevent​ ​water
    and​ ​oxygen​ ​reaching​ ​the​ ​layer​ ​underneath
    o E.g.​ ​zinc​ ​is​ ​used​ ​to​ ​galvanise​ ​iron

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    2.20​ ​understand​ ​the​ ​terms:​ ​oxidation,​ ​reduction,​ ​redox,​ ​oxidising​ ​agent,
    reducing​ ​agent​ ​in​ ​terms​ ​of​ ​gain​ ​or​ ​loss​ ​of​ ​oxygen​ ​and​ ​loss​ ​or​ ​gain​ ​of
    electrons

    ● oxidation:​ ​gain​ ​of​ ​oxygen​ ​OR​ ​loss​ ​of​ ​electrons


    ● reduction:​ ​loss​ ​of​ ​oxygen​ ​OR​ ​gain​ ​of​ ​electrons
    ● redox:​ ​a​ ​reaction​ ​in​ ​which​ ​both​ ​oxidation​ ​and​ ​reduction​ ​occur
    ● oxidising​ ​agent:​ ​causes​ ​another​ ​reactant​ ​to​ ​be​ ​oxidised​ ​and​ ​is​ ​reduced​ ​itself
    ● reducing​ ​agent:​ ​causes​ ​another​ ​reactant​ ​to​ ​be​ ​reduced​ ​and​ ​is​ ​oxidised​ ​itself

    2.21​ ​practical:​ ​investigate​ ​reactions​ ​between​ ​dilute​ ​hydrochloric​ ​and​ ​sulfuric


    acids​ ​and​ ​metals​ ​(e.g.​ ​magnesium,​ ​zinc​ ​and​ ​iron)

    ● in​ ​the​ ​diagram​ ​showing​ ​the​ ​reactivity​ ​series,​ ​you​ ​can​ ​see​ ​that​ ​only​ ​the​ ​more
    reactive​ ​metals​ ​will​ ​react​ ​with​ ​dilute​ ​acids​ ​(up​ ​to​ ​iron)
    ● metal​ ​+​ ​acid​ ​→​ ​hydrogen​ ​+​ ​salt
    ● you​ ​can​ ​observe​ ​the​ ​reaction​ ​of​ ​different​ ​metals​ ​with​ ​acids,​ ​as​ ​the​ ​most​ ​reactive
    will​ ​give​ ​off​ ​large​ ​amounts​ ​of​ ​H​2​​ ​gas​ ​bubbles​ ​and​ ​the​ ​least​ ​reactive​ ​will​ ​not​ ​give
    off​ ​any​ ​at​ ​all

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