Activity No.2 Common Laboratory Values

NAME: SANTOS, KARL C.
GROUP NO: 4
PROFESSOR: MA’AM JENNYBELLE A. BUGAYONG RPh, MPH
DATE OF SUBMISSION:
LEADER: Santos, Karl C.
GROUP MEMBERS: Buenconsejo, Jovelie Q.
Obiefune, Martha
Vinoya, Jocelyn
ACTIVITY NO. 2
COMMON LABORATORY VALUES
I. OBJECTIVES
At the end of of the activity, the students should be able to:

● Provide basic knowledge on the common laboratory values in
relation to diagnostic procedures
● Interpret the laboratory results in association with disease
diagnosis
II. COMMON LABORATORY VALUES
Direction: Interpret the table below. Give the consequences once the value
in each parameter is (a) increased or (b) decreased.
PARAMETER NORMAL INTERPRETATION

VALUES
(RANGE) BELOW ABOVE
NORMAL VALUE NORMAL VALUE
HEMATOLOGIC
RBC Anemia High blood pressure

Female 3.5-5 million/
cubic mm
Male 4.3-5.9 million/
cubic mm
Hematocrit Overhydration Dehydration

Female 42-52% Blood loss Polycythemia vera
IDA Vit. B9 and B12
Male 37-47% Shock
Hemoglobin IDA COPD

Female 12-16 g/dL Chronic hemorrhage Congestive heart
Male 13-18 g/dL Anemia disease
Dehydration
Fluid overload
Polycythemia vera
Mean cell Low amount of High amount of

hemoglobin 26-34 hemoglobin hemoglobin
(MCH) Present per red blood Present per red blood
cell cell
MCH 31-37 Macrocytic anemia Sickle cell anemia

Concentration
Mean cell volume 80-100 Microcytic anemia Macrocytic anemia

(MCV) Pernicious anemia
Reticulocytes 0.1-2.4% Polychromasia Sickle cell anemia

Acute blood loss
Erythrocyte Polycythemia vera Bone marrow cancer

Sedimentation Sickle cell anemia
Rate (ESR)
Female 1-30 mm/hr
Male 1-13 mm/hr
Activated Partial Early stages of Hemophilia

Thromboplastin 24-37 secs disseminated Leukemia
Time (aPTT) intravascular Liver cirrhosis
coagulation Vit. K deficiency
Extensive cancer Over dose
Under dose
Prothrombin 8.8-11.6 secs Blood clots quickly Bile duct obstruction

Time (PT) due to high intake of Hepatitis
foods that contain Vit. Liver cirrhosis
K Vit. K deficiency
Under dose Overdose
WBC 4000-1,100 Leukopenia Severe leukocytosis

WBC/mm3
Neutrophils Increase risk of many Present of infection
type of infection
Polymorpho- 50-70%
nuclear
leukocytes
Bands 3-5%
Basophils 0-1% Low basophils Allergy

Chronic inflammation
in the body
Eosinophils 0-5% Low eosinophils Parasitic infection
Lymphocytes 20-40% Lymphocytopenia
Monocytes 0-7% Malaria
Platelets 150,000- Hemolytic anemia Bone marrow cancer

300,000/mm3
RENAL
Blood urea 8-18 mg/dL Liver failure Renal failure

nitrogen (BUN) Malnutrition GI bleeding
Nephrotic syndrome Dehydration
Kidney dysfunction Congestive heart
failure
Creatinine 0.6-1.2 mg/dL Severe kidney Kidney failure

disease
Creatinine 80-120 mL/min Kidney inflammation Nephrogenic damage

clearance Renal function
Kidney failure
Creatinine kinase Muscular dystrophy Muscle disease

(CK)
Female 40-150 U/L
Male 60-400 U/L
Lactic 110-210 U/L Body can’t Tissue damage

dehydrogenase breakdown sugar for Leigh syndrome
use
Alkaline Chronic nephritis General worsening of

Hypothyroidism bone abnormality
phosphatase Cystic fibrosis Liver problem
(ALP) Malnutrition Gallbladder problem
Female 30-100 U/L
Male 45-115 U/L
Alanine Vit. B6 deficiency Liver damage

aminotransferase Trauma
(ALT) Hepatitis
Female 7-30 U/L Cirrhosis
Male 10-55 U/L
Aspartate Acute renal disease Acute pancreatitis

aminotransferase Chronic renal dialysis Hepatic cirrhosis
(AST) Diabetic ketoacidosis Heart disease
Female 9-25 U/L Hepatitis
Male 10-40 U/L
ELECTROLYTES
Sodium 135-147 mEq/L Renal failure Hypernatremia

Hyponatremia
Potassium 3.5-5 mEq/L Hypokalemia Renal failure

Hyperkalemia Dehydration
Massive cell damage
Addison disease
Chloride 95-105 mEq/L Hypochloremia Acute renal failure

Hyperchloremia Renal fubular
acidosis
Dehydration
MINERALS
Calcium 8.8-10.3 mEq/L Hypocalcemia Hypercalcemia

Osteomalacia
Osteoporosis
Magnesium 1.6-2.4 mEq/L Hypomagnesemia hypermagnesemia
Phosphate 1.5-5 mEq/L hypophosphatemia Hyperphosphatemia
OTHERS
Acid phosphatase 0-5.5 U/L
GGT 1-60 U/L
Protein Acute liver failure Dehydration

Cirrhosis Severe diarrhea
Albumin 4-6 g/dL Inflammatory disease Severe vomiting
Globulins 25-35 g/dL Ulcerative colitis
Total 6-8 g/dL
Glucose (Fasting) 80-100 mg/dL Hypoglycemia Hyperglycemia

Diabetes
Venous congestion
Cholesterol Total: <200

mg/dL
LDL: <130
md/dL
HDL: >50 mg/dL
Triglycerides 40-150 mg/dL

(Fasting)
Bilirubin Total: 0.1-1 Liver damage Liver will not clear the
md/dL bilirubin properly
Direct: 0-0.2 Jaundice
md/dL
Indirect: 0.1-1.1
mg/dL
Uric acid Wilson’s disease Gout

Female 2.3-6.6 mg/dL Kidney disease
Male 3.6-8.5 mg/dL Cancer
QUESTIONS FOR RESEARCH:

1) Define ‘laboratory test’.
A medical procedure that involves testing a sample of blood urine or other
substance from the body. Laboratory tests can help determine a diagnosis,
plan treatment.
2) Is it possible to diagnose or treat any disease or problem with a blood

test alone? Justify your answer.
No, because doctors can’t diagnose many diseases and medical problems
with blood test alone. But doctor may consider other factors to confirm a
diagnosis.
3) Laboratory tests are tools helpful in evaluating the health status of an

individual. It is important to realize that laboratory results may be
outside of the so-called ‘normal range/values’ for many reasons. What
are the possible variations that lead to such evaluation?
The variations may be due to such things as race, dietetic preference, age,
sex, menstrual cycle, degree of physical activity problems with collection and
or handling of specimen non-prescription drug, prescription drugs, alcohol
intake and number of non-illness-related factors.
4) Give the importance of laboratory tests in the diagnosis of diseases.
The laboratory tests have certainly also a role and a responsibility in

providing clinicians with adequate information that can assist them in the
correct interpretation of the data.
5) Can laboratory test results be affected by the drug being taken by the
patient? If yes, how? If no, why?
It depends because not all drugs are affected by laboratory test.
6) It has been recognized that laboratory error may affect test results.
List the common sources of laboratory error.
Pre-analytical
 Inappropriate test request

 Order entry error
 Misidentification of patient
 Container inappropriate
 Insufficient sample volume
 Labeling errors
Analytical
 Equipment malfunction
 Procedure not followed
 Undetected failure in quality control
Post-analytical
 Failure in reporting
 Erroneous validation of analytical data
 Improper data entry
CONCLUSION:
It is important to know the normal value in each laboratory that in order to

determine what disease associated if there is decrease or increase in their levels.
REFERENCES:
https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/Blood-and-pathology-tests
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK338593/
http://my.spc.edu.ph:70/diwa/science_03/unit%203%20chap%205b/how%20to%20review
%20your%20blood%20test%20results.htm
https://acutecaretesting.org/en/articles/interpretation-of-laboratory-results
https://academic.oup.com/labmed/article/43/2/41/2505001

Activity No.2 Common Laboratory Values

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Activity No.2 Common Laboratory Values

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Activity No.2 Common Laboratory Values

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

NAME: SANTOS, KARL C.

At the end of of the activity, the students should be able to:

II. COMMON LABORATORY VALUES

PARAMETER NORMAL INTERPRETATION

RBC Anemia High blood pressure

Hematocrit Overhydration Dehydration

Hemoglobin IDA COPD

Mean cell Low amount of High amount of

MCH 31-37 Macrocytic anemia Sickle cell anemia

Mean cell volume 80-100 Microcytic anemia Macrocytic anemia

Reticulocytes 0.1-2.4% Polychromasia Sickle cell anemia

Erythrocyte Polycythemia vera Bone marrow cancer

Activated Partial Early stages of Hemophilia

Prothrombin 8.8-11.6 secs Blood clots quickly Bile duct obstruction

WBC 4000-1,100 Leukopenia Severe leukocytosis

Basophils 0-1% Low basophils Allergy

Eosinophils 0-5% Low eosinophils Parasitic infection

Lymphocytes 20-40% Lymphocytopenia

Monocytes 0-7% Malaria

Platelets 150,000- Hemolytic anemia Bone marrow cancer

Blood urea 8-18 mg/dL Liver failure Renal failure

Creatinine 0.6-1.2 mg/dL Severe kidney Kidney failure

Creatinine 80-120 mL/min Kidney inflammation Nephrogenic damage

Creatinine kinase Muscular dystrophy Muscle disease

Lactic 110-210 U/L Body can’t Tissue damage

Alkaline Chronic nephritis General worsening of

Alanine Vit. B6 deficiency Liver damage

Aspartate Acute renal disease Acute pancreatitis

Sodium 135-147 mEq/L Renal failure Hypernatremia

Potassium 3.5-5 mEq/L Hypokalemia Renal failure

Chloride 95-105 mEq/L Hypochloremia Acute renal failure

Calcium 8.8-10.3 mEq/L Hypocalcemia Hypercalcemia

Magnesium 1.6-2.4 mEq/L Hypomagnesemia hypermagnesemia

Phosphate 1.5-5 mEq/L hypophosphatemia Hyperphosphatemia

GGT 1-60 U/L

Protein Acute liver failure Dehydration

Glucose (Fasting) 80-100 mg/dL Hypoglycemia Hyperglycemia

Cholesterol Total: <200

Triglycerides 40-150 mg/dL

Uric acid Wilson’s disease Gout

QUESTIONS FOR RESEARCH:

2) Is it possible to diagnose or treat any disease or problem with a blood

3) Laboratory tests are tools helpful in evaluating the health status of an

4) Give the importance of laboratory tests in the diagnosis of diseases.

The laboratory tests have certainly also a role and a responsibility in

 Inappropriate test request

It is important to know the normal value in each laboratory that in order to

You might also like

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.