Q3Basic Statistics Week 3

Basic Statistics
Quarter 3 – Module 3
Normal Distribution
The normal distribution is the most

important probability distribution in statistics because it occurs naturally in many situations.
For example, heights of people, blood pressure, points on a test, salaries, measurement error,
and IQ scores follow the normal distribution. That is why it is widely used in business, statistics
and in government bodies like the FDA. It is also known as the Gaussian distribution and
the bell curve.
In the normal distribution, the mean is equal to the median or skewness SK = 0. It is very
interesting to note that most of the distributions approximate the normal distribution. Thus, it
is important that we know its properties and uses in solving various problems in statistics.
PROPERTIES OF A NORMAL CURVE

1. Mean = Median = Mode
2. It is symmetrical about the mean.
3. The tails or ends are asymptotic (meaning approaching but never connecting with a line or
curve) relative to the horizontal axis.
4. The total area under the normal curve is equal to 1 or 100%.
5. The normal curve area maybe sub divided into standard deviations, at least 3 units to the
left and 3 units to the right of vertical line.
Let us look at the normal curves of the 3 distributions with different means and standard
deviations, and verify if the area for the intervals 70 to 90 are the same for all curves.
1. (Mean) µ = 80 and = 5 (Standard Deviation)
65 70 75 80 85 90 95
2. µ = 80 and = 10
60 70 80 90 100
3. µ = 75 and =5
60 65 70 75 80 85 90
Note that the mean (µ) is placed at the center of the curve. and the interval of each value is
based from the standard deviation ( ). In example 1, since the mean is 80 so it is placed at the
middle of the curve and since the is 5 and so the interval is 5 starting from 80 we added 5 so
we get 85 then 90 and so on. To the left of the curve, we subtracted 5 so from 80- 5 we get 75,
then 70 and so on.
From the 3 examples given, what is asked is to verify the intervals 70 to 90.So we shaded
those areas. Looking at the shaded portion of the 3 curves, it is obvious that they have
different areas, thus showing that every distribution has a unique curve.
How to Create a Bell Curve Graph

1. Collect accurate data. Carefully gather your data of interest. ...
2. Calculate sample average or mean. ...
3. Determine Standard Deviation. Compute your standard deviation to find out how far
each score is from the average. ...
4. Plot Data. Plot your mean along the x-axis. ...
5. Draw the graph. Sketch the bell curve.
LET’S DO THIS !
Direction : Draw the curve and shade the area.
1. intervals = 60 to 80 ; µ = 65 ; =5
2. intervals = 50 to 90 ; µ = 60 ; = 10
3. intervals = 115 to 140 ; µ = 130 ; =5
4. intervals = 100 to 150 ; µ = 120 ; = 10
5. intervals = 31 to 40 ; µ = 40 ; =3
The normal distribution is converted to standardized normal distribution whereby its original
measurements in the x-scale are converted to Z-scores.
STANDARD NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

The standard normal distribution is a normal distribution with a mean of zero and standard
deviation of 1. The standard normal distribution is centered at zero and the degree to which a
given measurement deviates from the mean is given by the standard deviation.
To illustrate this :
65 70 75 80
85 90 95
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
THE Z-score
A z-score (also called a standard score) gives you an idea of how far from the mean a data
point is. It measures how many standard deviations a particular value is above or below the
mean.
Z-scores are a way to compare results to a “normal” population. Results from tests or
surveys have thousands of possible results and units; those results can often seem meaningless.
For example, knowing that someone’s weight is 150 pounds might be good information, but if
you want to compare it to the “average” person’s weight, looking at a vast table of data can be
overwhelming (especially if some weights are recorded in kilograms). A z-score can tell
you where that person’s weight is compared to the average population’s mean weight.
Z-score can be calculated by using the formula :
Z= X-µ
Where X = raw score

µ = mean
= standard deviation
EXAMPLE 1:
The table below shows the scores of Jun in Math and English with the computed mean
and standard deviation.
Subject Score (X) Mean (µ) Standard Deviation ( )

Math 85 80 5
English 82 75 5
In which test did he perform better?

Although Jun got 85 in Math, we cannot conclude at once that he performed better in Math.
We have to determine his performance in the subject relative to the performance of the other
members of the class. This can be done by getting his Z-scores in both subjects.
a. Jun’s Z-score in Math : Z = X - µ = 85 – 80 = 5 = 1.0

5 5
b. . Jun’s Z-score in English : Z = X - µ = 82 – 75 = 7 = 1.4
5 5
Interpretation of results :
Jun’s score in Math is 1 standard deviation above the mean, while his score in English is 1.4
standard deviation above the mean. Therefore Jun performed better in English test than In
Math.
Note : A positive Z-score lies above the mean, while a negative Z-score lies below the mean .
Furthermore , the Z-score has no units, so that comparison can be done in two variables having
different units without necessarily converting them to the same unit.
EXAMPLE 2 :
Michael’s grade in Science is 74. The mean grade is 82 with a standard deviation of 4. Find
the Z-score of Michael’s exam grade.
Z = X - µ = 74 – 82 = -8 = -2
4 4
Interpretation : Michael’s Z-score is -2. His grade was two standard deviation below the mean.
Example 3 :
In an English examination, Dwight has a mean grade of 84 and standard deviation of 6. His Z-
score is 1. What is his grade ?
X=Z +µ
= (1)6 + 84
= 6 + 84
= 90
LET’S DO THIS !
Solve the following problems :

1. Who performed better ?
a. Dianne whose Z-score is 2.0 or Liam whose Z-score is 1.75 ?
b. Jeric whose Z-score is -1.5 or Paul whose Z-score is -2.0
2. In an examination, the mean grade is 81 and the standard deviation is 6. Find the Z-scores of
the grades of the following students :
a. Lyka 90
b. Robert 75
c. Luisa 82
d. Shane 96
e. Dexter 70
3. Using your answers in number 2, explain the position of each score in the normal curve.
4. Use problem number 2 to find the grades of the following students whose Z- scores are
given :
a. Mark Z = 2.33
b. Alona Z = -3
c. Nikki Z = 1
d. Jake Z = - 2.5
e. Jasper Z = 1.25
5. Mang Peping sells ice crumble. He earns an average of Php 550.00 a day with a standard
deviation of Php 11.25. How much did Pepe earn on a particular day if his Z-score is -0.8?
6. During the 25th PBA season, Alvin had an average score of 23 per game with a standard
deviation of 6.2. In one particular game, he scored 26 points. In the 26 th season, he averaged 18
points per game with a standard deviation of 5.4. In one game , he scored 25 points. In which
season did he performed better ?

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Basic Statistics

The normal distribution is the most

PROPERTIES OF A NORMAL CURVE

1. (Mean) µ = 80 and = 5 (Standard Deviation)

How to Create a Bell Curve Graph

Direction : Draw the curve and shade the area.

3. intervals = 115 to 140 ; µ = 130 ; =5

4. intervals = 100 to 150 ; µ = 120 ; = 10

STANDARD NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

Where X = raw score

Subject Score (X) Mean (µ) Standard Deviation ( )

In which test did he perform better?

a. Jun’s Z-score in Math : Z = X - µ = 85 – 80 = 5 = 1.0

Solve the following problems :

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