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    Flute Self Help Book

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    Alankars are musical ornaments in Indian classical music. They involve patterns created by musicians within or across tones based on musical theory. There are two parts to an alankar - aroha (ascending) and avroha (descending). Indian music uses three octaves called saptaks, with notes that can be shuddh (pure), komal (flat), or teevra (sharp). A raga typically uses notes spanning all three saptaks. Alankars are ornamental musical patterns that ascend and descend through the notes in innovative ways.

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    Flute Self Help Book

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    Emerald Education Foundation
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    Alankars are musical ornaments in Indian classical music. They involve patterns created by musicians within or across tones based on musical theory. There are two parts to an alankar - aroha (ascending) and avroha (descending). Indian music uses three octaves called saptaks, with notes that can be shuddh (pure), komal (flat), or teevra (sharp). A raga typically uses notes spanning all three saptaks. Alankars are ornamental musical patterns that ascend and descend through the notes in innovative ways.

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    Flute Self help book

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    Alankars are musical ornaments in Indian classical music. They involve patterns created by musicians within or across tones based on musical theory. There are two parts to an alankar - aroha (ascending) and avroha (descending). Indian music uses three octaves called saptaks, with notes that can be shuddh (pure), komal (flat), or teevra (sharp). A raga typically uses notes spanning all three saptaks. Alankars are ornamental musical patterns that ascend and descend through the notes in innovative ways.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    2K views5 pages

    Flute Self Help Book

    Uploaded by

    Emerald Education Foundation
    Alankars are musical ornaments in Indian classical music. They involve patterns created by musicians within or across tones based on musical theory. There are two parts to an alankar - aroha (ascending) and avroha (descending). Indian music uses three octaves called saptaks, with notes that can be shuddh (pure), komal (flat), or teevra (sharp). A raga typically uses notes spanning all three saptaks. Alankars are ornamental musical patterns that ascend and descend through the notes in innovative ways.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 5

    Alankars: Alankara, also referred to as palta or alankaram, is a concept in Indian classical

    music and literally means "ornament, decoration". An alankara is any pattern of musical
    decoration a musician or vocalist creates within or across tones, based on ancient musical
    theories or driven by personal creative choices, in a progression of svaras.
    There are two parts to an alankar. First is Aaroh (Ascending) and second Avroh
    (descending).That is-

    Aa: sa re ga ma pa dha ni SA
    Av: SA ni dha pa ma ga re sa

    Saptak (Octave): A Saptak can be defined as a set of all succeeding notes starting from Sa.
    Hence, none of the notes are repeated in a Saptak. Now, we all know that there are 7 notes in an
    octave. They are sa re ga ma pa dha ni.
    Apart from these 7 notes, there are 5 other notes which are placed in between them. In order to
    learn about them, let us first discuss the different forms of notes.

    There are 3 Saptak (Octaves) in Indian Music. They are-


    1. Shudha (Pure): All the notes come out by simple blow of air from mouth.
    2. Komal (Flat): swara, is one which is played at half note below the pure pitch
    3. Teevra (Sharp):

    The usual scale of Indian music starts from Sa in the Madhya Saptak to Sa in the
    higher, Taar Saptak. This inclusion of the first note of the higher saptak makes
    eight notes instead of the seven in each Saptak.
    Generally, a raga involves notes from three saptaks. The notes in the lower octave
    are denoted by an apostrophe before the note representation (or a dot below the
    note representation) and the notes in the upper octave are denoted by an apostrophe
    after the note representation (or a dot above the note representation).
    For example:

     Lower Octave : Ş or 'S


     Medium Octave : S
     Upper Octave  : Ŝ or S'

     The frequencies change for all notes.


    Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Dha Ni
    Lower Octave 120 Hz 135 Hz 144 Hz 160 Hz 180 Hz 202.5 Hz 216 Hz
    Medium Octave 240 Hz 270 Hz 288 Hz 320 Hz 360 Hz 405 Hz 432 Hz
    Upper Octave 480 Hz 540 Hz 576 Hz 640 Hz 720 Hz 810 Hz 864 Hz

    Swaras in Hindustani Classical Music: There are total 12 swaras in one octave or
    saptak (सप्तक).

    Sa (सा) and Pa (प) are immovable or Achal (अचल) Swara. That is there is only one
    variant of these swara, that is Shuddha Sa and Shuddha Pa. Count = 2.
    Re (रे), Ga (ग), Dha (ध), Ni (नी) have two variants each (So, total 8). Shuddha swara
    and Komal Swara. Komal Swara of a Swara is half note below the Shuddha swara.
    So here our count becomes 10.

    Ma (म) has two variants, Shuddha Ma and Teevra (तीव्र) Ma. This “Teevra” variant is
    half note above Shuddha Ma. Therefore, here count becomes 12.
    Until now, we have 12 Swara or notes:

    Sa,
    Komal Re, Shuddha Re,
    Komal Ga, Shuddha Ga,
    Shuddha Ma, Teevra Ma,
    Pa,
    Komal Dha, Shuddha Dha,
    Komal Ni, Shuddha Ni.

    So,
    Re, Ga, Dha and Ni can be Komal and Ma can be Teevra.
    Shuddha, Komal and Teevra notes have nothing to do with Pitch.
    I will assume that you know how to play Shuddha Swara Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Dha Ni
    Sa’ on Bansuri.

    To Play,

    Komal Re: cover the top 2 and Half holes, that is, cover top 2 holes completely and
    the third hole partially.

    Komal Ga: Cover top 1 and half holes.

    Teevra Ma: Open all holes.

    Komal Dha: Cover 5 and half holes.

    Komal Ni: Cover 4 and half holes.

    Two notes in one bit time as: SR, RG

    Rhythm (Laya)- Three types of rhythms are used in Indian Music.


    Medium Rhythm-In ordinary Speed.
    Fast Rhythm-Double of Medium Speed
    Slow Rhythm-Half of Medium Speed
    Time (Talas)

    In Saptak there will be 12 swora.


    Sa Re re Ga ga Ma ma Pa Dha dha Ni ni

    Pyramid Alankar

    Araoha
    sa
                                      sa re sa
                                 sa re ga re sa
                            sa re ga ma ga re sa
                      sa re ga ma pa ma ga re sa
                sa re ga ma pa dha pa ma ga re sa
          sa re ga ma pa dha ni dha pa ma ga re sa
    sa re ga ma pa dha ni SA ni dha pa ma ga re sa

    Avaroha

    SA
                                SA ni SA
                           SA ni dha ni SA
                      SA ni dha pa dha ni SA
                 SA ni dha pa ma pa dha ni SA
            SA ni dha pa ma ga ma pa dha ni SA
        SA ni dha pa ma ga re ga ma pa dha ni SA
    SA ni dha pa ma ga re sa re ga ma pa dha ni SA
    Finger Practise for Ma and Pa(Most Important)
    MPDP MDPD PMPD MPM
    GMPM GPMP MGMP GMG
    RGMG RMGM GRGM RGR
    SRGR SGRG RSRG SRS

    Pa lower octave to Pa high octave alankar

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