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    Ch.3 Dispatch With Network Losses

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    azrul kh
    The document discusses solving an economic dispatch problem that considers network losses. It presents a procedure to iteratively solve for the optimal generator outputs and marginal price by including loss expressions in the coordination equations and recalculating losses at each iteration based on the updated generator outputs. An example problem is provided and walked through over multiple iterations to demonstrate convergence of the solution.

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    Ch.3 Dispatch With Network Losses

    Uploaded by

    azrul kh
    44 views11 pages
    The document discusses solving an economic dispatch problem that considers network losses. It presents a procedure to iteratively solve for the optimal generator outputs and marginal price by including loss expressions in the coordination equations and recalculating losses at each iteration based on the updated generator outputs. An example problem is provided and walked through over multiple iterations to demonstrate convergence of the solution.

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    Ch.3 Dispatch with network losses

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    The document discusses solving an economic dispatch problem that considers network losses. It presents a procedure to iteratively solve for the optimal generator outputs and marginal price by including loss expressions in the coordination equations and recalculating losses at each iteration based on the updated generator outputs. An example problem is provided and walked through over multiple iterations to demonstrate convergence of the solution.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    44 views11 pages

    Ch.3 Dispatch With Network Losses

    Uploaded by

    azrul kh
    The document discusses solving an economic dispatch problem that considers network losses. It presents a procedure to iteratively solve for the optimal generator outputs and marginal price by including loss expressions in the coordination equations and recalculating losses at each iteration based on the updated generator outputs. An example problem is provided and walked through over multiple iterations to demonstrate convergence of the solution.

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    You are on page 1of 11

    Operasi dan Stabilitas Sistem

    Tenaga

    Irham Fadlika ST MT
    THERMAL SYSTEM DISPATCHING WITH
    NETWORK LOSSES CONSIDERED

    𝑁𝑔𝑒𝑛

    𝑃𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 + 𝑃𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 − 𝑃𝑖 = 𝜙 = 0
    𝑖=1
    ℒ = 𝐹𝑇 + 𝜆𝜙
    𝜕ℒ 𝜕𝐹𝑖 𝜕𝑃𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠
    = −𝜆 1− =0
    𝜕𝑃𝑖 𝜕𝑃𝑖 𝜕𝑃𝑖
    or
    𝜕𝐹𝑖 𝜕𝑃𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠
    +𝜆 = 𝜆 (𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛)
    𝜕𝑃𝑖 𝜕𝑃𝑖
    Problem Example
    Starting with the same units and fuel costs in the
    previous example, we will include a simplified
    loss expression :
    𝑃𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 = 0.00003𝑃1 2 + 0.00009𝑃2 2 + 0.00012𝑃3 2

    For unit 1,
    𝜕𝐹1 𝜕𝑃𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠
    =𝜆 1−
    𝜕𝑃1 𝜕𝑃1
    7.92 + 0.003124𝑃1 = 𝜆 1 − 2 0.00003 𝑃1
    Similarly for Unit 2 and Unit 3,
    7.85 + 0.00388𝑃2 = 𝜆 1 − 2 0.00009 𝑃2
    7.97 + 0.00964𝑃3 = 𝜆 1 − 2 0.00012 𝑃3

    And
    𝑃1 + 𝑃2 + 𝑃3 − 𝑃𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 = 850
    PROCEDURE
    1) Pick a set of starting values for 𝑃1 , 𝑃2 , 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑃3 that sum to the
    load.
    𝜕𝑃𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠
    2) Calculate the incremental losses as well as the total
    𝜕𝑃𝑖
    losses 𝑃𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 . The incremental losses and total losses will be
    considered constant until we return to step 2.
    3) Calculate the value of 𝜆 that causes 𝑃1 , 𝑃2 , 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑃3 to sum to
    the total load plus losses.
    4) Compare the 𝑃1 , 𝑃2 , 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑃3 from step 3 to the values used at
    the start of step 2. If there is no significant change in any
    one of the values, go to step 5; otherwise, go back to step 2.
    5) Done
    Using this procedure, we obtain :
    Step 1  Pick the P1, P2, and P3 starting values as
    𝑃1 = 400 𝑀𝑊
    𝑃2 = 300 𝑀𝑊
    𝑃3 = 150 𝑀𝑊
    Step 2  Incremental losses are
    𝜕𝑃𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠
    = 2 0.00003 400 = 0.0240
    𝜕𝑃1
    𝜕𝑃𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠
    = 2 0.00009 300 = 0.0540
    𝜕𝑃2
    𝜕𝑃𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠
    = 2 0.00012 150 = 0.0360
    𝜕𝑃3
    And total losses are 15.6 MW
    Step 3  We can now solve for 𝜆 using the following :
    7.92 + 0.003124𝑃1 = 𝜆 1 − 0.024 = 𝜆(0.9760)
    7.85 + 0.00388𝑃2 = 𝜆 1 − 0.0540 = 𝜆(0.9460)
    7.97 + 0.00964𝑃3 = 𝜆 1 − 0.0360 = 𝜆(0.9640)
    And
    𝑃1 + 𝑃2 + 𝑃3 − 850 − 15.6 = 𝑃1 + 𝑃2 + 𝑃3 − 865.6 = 0
    These equations are now linear, so we can solve for 𝜆 directly.
    The results are
    𝜆 = 9.5252 $/𝑀𝑊ℎ
    And the resulting generator outputs are
    𝑃1 = 440.68 𝑀𝑊
    𝑃2 = 299.12 𝑀𝑊
    𝑃3 = 125.77 𝑀𝑊
    Step 4  Since these values for P1, P2, and P3 are quite
    different from the starting values, we will return to step 2:
    Step 2  The incremental losses are recalculated with the
    new generation values :
    𝜕𝑃𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠
    = 2 0.00003 440.68 = 0.0264
    𝜕𝑃1
    𝜕𝑃𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠
    = 2 0.00009 299.12 = 0.0538
    𝜕𝑃2
    𝜕𝑃𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠
    = 2 0.00012 125.77 = 0.0301
    𝜕𝑃3
    And total losses are 15.78 MW
    Step 3  The new incremental losses and total losses are
    incorporated into the equations, and a new value of 𝜆 and P1,
    P2, and P3 is solved for :
    7.92 + 0.003124𝑃1 = 𝜆 1 − 0.0264 = 𝜆(0.97360)
    7.85 + 0.00388𝑃2 = 𝜆 1 − 0.0538 = 𝜆(0.9462)
    7.97 + 0.00964𝑃3 = 𝜆 1 − 0.0301 = 𝜆(0.9699)
    And
    𝑃1 + 𝑃2 + 𝑃3 − 850 − 15.78 = 𝑃1 + 𝑃2 + 𝑃3 − 865.78 = 0
    Resulting in
    𝜆 = 9.5252 $/𝑀𝑊ℎ
    And the resulting generator outputs are
    𝑃1 = 433.94 𝑀𝑊
    𝑃2 = 300.11 𝑀𝑊
    𝑃3 = 131.74 𝑀𝑊
    Iterative Process Used to Solve the
    Iteration Example
    Iteration 𝑷𝟏 (𝑴𝑾) 𝑷𝟐 (𝑴𝑾) 𝑷𝟑 (𝑴𝑾) Losses $
    (MW) 𝝀
    𝑴𝑾𝒉

    Start
    400.00 300.00 150.00 15.60 9.5252

    1
    440.68 299.12 125.77 15.78 9.5275

    2
    433.94 300.11 131.74 15.84 9.5285

    3
    435.87 299.94 130.42 15.83 9.5283

    4
    435.13 299.99 130.71 15.83 9.5284

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