Mental Disorders

Ladies and gentleman,
For all individuals, mental physical and social health are vital and interwoven strands
of life. As our understanding of this relationship grows, it becomes ever more
apparent that mental health is crucial to the overall well-being of individuals, societies
and countries. Indeed, mental health can be defined as a state of well-being enabling
individuals to realize their abilities, cope with the normal stresses of life, work
productively and fruitfully, and make a contribution to their communities.
Unfortunately, in most parts of the world, mental health and mental disorders are not
accorded anywhere near the same degree of importance as physical health. Rather,
they have been largely ignored or neglected.
Therefore, it is our responsiblity to understand what can be done to promote mental

health in the world and to alleviate the burdens and avoid deaths due to mental
disorders. First and foremost,there are many different types of mental disorder, in fact
there are nearly 300 mental disorders listed in the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical
Manual of Mental Disorders). Some common ones include mood disorders such
as depression or bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, personality disorders, psychotic
disorders such as schizophrenia, eating disorders, trauma-related disorders such
as post-traumatic stress disorder and .substance abuse disorders.
However today I would like to voice out specifically on the major mental disorder
which are anxiety disorders, depression and psychotic disorder. Anxiety disorders are
not just one illness but a group of illnesses for instance worry is one of the component
of anxiety disorders. We define anxiety in this chapter as the product of a
multicomplex response system, involving affective, behavioral, physiological, and
cognitive components (Beauchaine & Hinshaw, 2017). Another definition of anxiety
is a feeling of fear, dread, and uneasiness. It might cause you to sweat, feel restless
and tense, and have a rapid heartbeat. Second is the definition of depression which is
a disorder of the brain. There are a variety of causes of depression, including genetic,
biological, environmental, and psychological factors. I would like to bring to your
attention that the number of people experiencing mental health problems worldwide
has risen with depression as its leading cause (WHO,1996)
Finally, pyschotic disorder are severe mental disorders that cause abnormal thinking
and perceptions. Mostly people who suffer from pyshotic disorders lose touch with
reality. Psychotic disorders affect approximately three percent of Australian adults
and are less common that depression and anxiety disorders (Sane Australia, 2005).
There are different types of psychotic disorders. Some of these include schizophrenia,
people with schizophrenia experience changes in behaviour as well as delusions and
hallucinations for a period that exceeds six months. Menawhile, schizoaffective
disorder is a deasase where people with this illness have symptoms of both
schizophrenia and a mood disorder such as depression or bi-polar disorder.
Latly, in order to find treatment for these pyscological disorders, it depends on which
mental disorder you have and how serious it is. Therefore it is crucial to identify it
and treat it accordingly to the types of disorder.
Moving on, I would like to share my research about the causes of this issues.There is
no single cause for mental illness. A number of factors can contribute to risk for
mental illness, such as genes and family history. There is an emerging literature
linking cognitive ability with a wide range of psychiatric disorders. These findings
have led to the hypothesis that diminished ‘cognitive reserve’ is a causal risk factor
for psychiatric disorders. However, it is also feasible that a family history of mental
disorders may confound this relationship, by contributing to both a slight impairment
in cognitive ability, and an increased risk of psychiatric disorder (Translational
Psychiatry, 2014). To conclude, the chance of an individual having a specific mental
disorder is higher if other family members have that same mental disorder. The
likelihood of an individual suffering from schizophrenia is 50% if their identical twin
has the disease (Gottesman, 1999). Nonetheless, even though a mental disorder
may run in a family, there may be considerable differences in the severity of
symptoms among family members.
Furthermore,numerous environmental factors have been indicated as contributing or

causative factors of mental illness. For instance, life stressors such as death, divorce,
changing schools, and financial problems have significant causal relationships with
negative mental health outcomes. Cultural and social variables are other examples of
these types of environmental factors, as are different external conditions, including
prenatal exposure to viruses, toxins, alcohol, and drugs.
The final causes of mental disorder the we would like to acknoeldge is traumatic brain
injury. TBI is a worldwide public health problem. It has already been named the
“silent epidemic” because of the limited popular knowledge about the issue and of its
symptoms, such as memory and cognitive problems, which may not be immediately
evident. At least 1.4 million cases occur each year in the United States. Among them,
about 50,000 are fatal, 235,000 are admitted to hospitals and 1.1 million are treated
and released from emergency departments (Langlois et al 2006).
So, mental disorders are the result of both genetic and environmental factors. There is
no single genetic switch that when flipped causes a mental disorder. Consequently, it
is difficult for doctors to determine a person's risk of inheriting a mental disorder or
passing on the disorder to their children. The causes of mental disorders are complex,
requiring many interacting genes and environmental factors.
In conclusion, In order to reduce the increasing burden of mental disorders and avoid
years lived with disability or death, priority should be given to prevention and
promotion in the fifield of mental health. Preventive and promotional strategies can be
used by clinicians to target individual patients, and by public health programme
planners to target large population groups. Within the spectrum of mental health
interventions, prevention and promotion have become realistic and evidence based,
supported by a fastgrowing body of knowledge from fields as divergent as
developmental psychopathology, psychobiology, prevention, and health promotion
sciences (WHO, 2002).Integrating prevention and promotion programmes for mental
health within overall public health strategies will help to avoid deaths, reduce the
stigma attached to the persons with mental disorders and improve the social and
economic environment. all key institutions in all countries will have to make further
efforts to improve the unawareness of, and stigma attached to, mental illness.
Reference
World Health Organization (2002). Mental Health Policy and Service Guidance
Package: Workplace Mental Health Policies and Programmes. Draft document.
Geneva, World Health Organization, Department of Mental Health and Substance
Dependence. (unpublished document).
Langlois JA, Rutland-Brown W, Thomas KE.(2006) Traumatic brain Injury in the

United States: emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and deaths. Atlanta:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention
and Control.
Beauchaine, T. P., & Hinshaw, S. P. (2017). Child and adolescent psychopathology.

Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Gottesman, I. I., & Wolfgram, D. L. (1999). Schizophrenia genesis: The origins of

madness. New York, NY: Freeman.
Australian Government Department of Health (What is mental illness?), American

Psychiatric Association (DSM-5), SANE Australia (Facts & Guides)
SANE Australia. (n.d.). Retrieved October 22, 2020, from https://www.sane.org/
Mcgrath, J. J., Wray, N. R., Pedersen, C. B., Mortensen, P. B., Greve, A. N., &
Petersen, L. (2014). The association between family history of mental disorders and
general cognitive ability. Translational Psychiatry, 4(7). doi:10.1038/tp.2014.60
Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5. (2017). New Delhi:
CBS & Distributors, Pvt.

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Ladies and gentleman,

Therefore, it is our responsiblity to understand what can be done to promote mental

Furthermore,numerous environmental factors have been indicated as contributing or

Langlois JA, Rutland-Brown W, Thomas KE.(2006) Traumatic brain Injury in the

Beauchaine, T. P., & Hinshaw, S. P. (2017). Child and adolescent psychopathology.

Gottesman, I. I., & Wolfgram, D. L. (1999). Schizophrenia genesis: The origins of

Australian Government Department of Health (What is mental illness?), American

SANE Australia. (n.d.). Retrieved October 22, 2020, from https://www.sane.org/

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