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Lecture 3 - Water Sector Challanges

This document summarizes the key challenges facing Pakistan's water sector and strategies to address water shortages. It discusses growing water shortages, deteriorating irrigation infrastructure, low productivity, flooding issues, inequitable distribution, overexploitation of groundwater, and environmental hazards. It then outlines short-term measures like effective canal operations and long-term measures like new storage projects. Finally, it proposes ways forward like increasing storage capacity, upgrading infrastructure, public awareness, improved irrigation techniques, and strengthening monitoring systems.

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Muneeb Arif
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75 views

Lecture 3 - Water Sector Challanges

This document summarizes the key challenges facing Pakistan's water sector and strategies to address water shortages. It discusses growing water shortages, deteriorating irrigation infrastructure, low productivity, flooding issues, inequitable distribution, overexploitation of groundwater, and environmental hazards. It then outlines short-term measures like effective canal operations and long-term measures like new storage projects. Finally, it proposes ways forward like increasing storage capacity, upgrading infrastructure, public awareness, improved irrigation techniques, and strengthening monitoring systems.

Uploaded by

Muneeb Arif
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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You are on page 1/ 14

MIRPUR UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (MUST), MIRPUR

DEPARMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING


IRRIGATION ENGINEERING
CE-481

Lecture [3] : Water Sector Challenges

Engr. Muhammad Hassan


(Assistant Professor)

Date: April 30, 2020


Water Sector Challenges
 Growing water shortages
 Progressive deterioration of irrigation infrastructure
 Low water and agriculture productivity
 Flooding and drainage problems
 Lack of transparency and inequities in water distribution
 Over-exploitation of groundwater
 Increasing environmental hazards
 Lack of financial sustainability

Irrigation Engineering 3
River flows and Canal with-drawls in UIB

700.0
Average Westren Rivers
600.0 Flows
Average Canals Withdrawals
500.0
Discharge in 1000 Cs

400.0

300.0

200.0

100.0

0.0
1- 11- 21- 1- 11- 21- 1- 11- 21- 1- 11- 21- 1- 11- 21- 1- 11- 21- 1- 11- 21- 1- 11- 21- 1- 11- 21- 1- 11- 21- 1- 11- 21- 1- 11- 21-
10 20 30 10 20 31 10 20 30 10 20 31 10 20 31 10 20 30 10 20 31 10 20 30 10 20 31 10 20 31 10 20 29 10 20 31
April May June July August September October NovemberDecember January February March

Irrigation Engineering 4
Designed vs. Actual Irrigation

Irrigation Engineering 5
Yield Gap for Major Crops

Crop Progressive National average Yield difference


farmers (%)

Wheat 4.6 2.6 44

Cotton 2.6 1.8 31

Rice 3.8 2.1 45

Maize 6.9 2.9 58

Sugarcane
Punjab 200 55 73
Sindh 130 50 62

Irrigation Engineering 6
Water Availability (Cubic Meters/Capita/Year)

Irrigation Engineering 7
Addressing Water Shortages
Short term measures
1. Strict implementation of notified canal operation plan
2. Effective control over water theft
3. Priority rehabilitation of canal infrastructure
Long term measures
1. Construction of new storages
2. Augmenting the inter-river transfer capacity
3. Policy interventions for sustainable cropping patterns and water use
regimes
4. Water conservation through lining, precision land leveling,
improved agricultural practices, and sprinkler / drip systems
Irrigation Engineering 8
Irrigation Management Information System
 Irrigation Management Information System (IMIS) has been
developed and the water account of 25 main canals and daily data of
3096 channels are posted on the website
http://irrigation.punjab.gov.pk
 Daily analysis report of the channel operations and suggesting
corrective measures
 Fortnightly Performance Evaluation Report of Canal Divisions, Circles
and Zones
 Accountability system put in place on the basis of Performance
Evaluation analysis
 Discharge observations, calibration of gauges and preparation of
discharge tables
Irrigation Engineering 9
Small Dams
 The Idea of building small dams in the Potohar Plateau was conceived by
I&P Department as early as 1954
 In 1973 Small Dams Organization was established and since then the
responsibility of planning, design, construction and maintenance of Small
Dams has been entrusted to it.
 Small dams provide irrigation and drinking water supplies to the rural
population of less developed barani areas in Chakwal, Jhelum, Attock and
Rawalpindi districts.
 These schemes have the potential of contributing significantly towards
poverty alleviation and social uplift of the local population.
 Small dams are local area development schemes and generally have
nominal storage potential. These dams therefore can not substitute the
multi-purpose large storage dams.
Irrigation Engineering 10
Way Forward
 Enhancing storage capacity to provide system flexibility for addressing
impacts of climate change
 Ensuring the early rehabilitation, remodeling and up-gradation of existing
irrigation infrastructure in the country, which can sustain the climate
change related expected extreme weather events
 Enhancing public awareness to underscore the importance of conservation
and sustainable use of water resources and providing incentives for
adoption of more efficient irrigation techniques
 Conservation of existing water availability by:
 Lining of channels and water courses
 Change of cropping pattern to suit the existing water availability and switching over
to low delta crops as compared to crops requiring more water
 Improving irrigation techniques and switching over to drip and sprinkler irrigation
methods wherever possible
Irrigation Engineering 11
Way Forward

 Strengthening the present hydrological network to monitor river flows and


flood warning systems
 Protecting groundwater through management and technical measures like
water licensing, artificial recharge especially for threatened aquifers,
regulatory framework and adopt integrated water resources management
concepts
 Enhancing national capacities for monitoring temporal changes in glaciers,
snow cover, and meteorological parameters
 Development contingency plans for short-term measures to adapt to water
shortages that could help to mitigate drought

Irrigation Engineering 12
Way Forward

 Addressing the issues of pollution of water bodies including sea water


intrusion and taking measures to preserve the ecology of dry-river reaches
of eastern rivers
 Safeguarding Pakistan’s rights on trans-boundary water inflows according
to international norms and conventions

Irrigation Engineering 13
THANKS

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