MATHEMATI

CS
IN
MODERN
WORLD
MMWORLD

ALYSSA C. DEL PILAR

BSA-1
ALYSSA C. DEL PILAR BSA-1 MMWORLD 367

UNIT ACTIVITY 1: Show complete and correct solutions for the following problems. Copy the problem, the show
the solutions.

1. The sum of three consecutives multiples of seven is 168. What is the value of the middle number?
SOLUTION:
Let x be the first number:
x + 7 – be the 2nd number
x + 14 – be the 3rd number
3x + 21 = 168
3x = 168 – 21
3x = 147
3 3
x = 49
x + 7 = 49+7 = 56 -2nd or middle number
x + 14= 49+14 = 63 -3rd number
Therefore, 56 is the middle number.

CHECK:
49
56
+ 63
168

2. The perimeter of a standard basketball court is 288 meters. The length is 44 meter longer than the width.
Find the dimensions.
Given:
w=?
l = 44 + w
SOLUTION:
2(44 + w) + 2w = 288
88 + 2w + 2w = 288
88 + 4w = 288
4w = 288 – 88
4w = 200
4 4
w = 50
l= 44+ 50 = 94

Check:
2 (94) + 2 (50)
188 + 100 = 288
Therefore, the width of the basketball court is 50 and the length of the basketball court is 94

3. One canned juice drink is 15% apple juice; another is 5% apple juice. How many liters of each should be
mixed together in order to have 10L that is 10% apple juice?
GIVEN:
Let x = Liters for the 15% apple juice
Let 10 – x = Liters for the 5% apple juice
SOLUTION:
0.15x + 0.05 (10 – x) = 0.1 (10)
0.15x + 0.5 – 0.05x = 1
0.15x – 0.05 = 1 – 0.5
0.1x = 0.5
0.1 0.1
x= 5

CHECK:
10-x = 5
10-5 = 5
5= 5

Therefore, 5 liters of each should be mixed together in order to have 10L that is 10% apple juice.

4. Two investments are made summing up to P8,800. For a certain year these investment yield P1,326 in
simplest interest. Part of the investment is allotted for 14% and part as 16%. Find the amount invested at
each rate.
GIVEN:
Let:
x- amount invested at 14%
8800-x – amount invested at 16%
P1326- total interest on both investments

SOLUTION:
14% (x) + 16% (8800-x) = 1326
14 / 100 (x) + 16/100 (8800-x) = 1326
Multiply both sides by 100
14 (x) + 16 (8800-x) = 1326 (100)
14x + 140800- 16x = 132600
14x-16x = 132600 – 140800
-2x = -8200
-2 -2
X= 4100

Therefore:
Amount invested at 14% - x= P4100
Amount invested at 16%- (P8800-P4100) = P4700

CHECK:
4100 (14/100) + 4700 (16/100) = 132600
4100 (0.14) + 4700 (0.16) = 132600
4100 (14) + 4700 (16) = 132600
57400 + 75200 = 132600
132600 = 132600
ALYSSA C. DEL PILAR BSA-1 MMWORLD 367

UNIT ACTIVITY 2 S1: Mean, Median and Mode

Show complete and correct solutions for the following problems. Copy the problem, then show the solutions.

1. Find the mean, median and mode.

a. 80, 82, 84,86, 36, 77, 89, 99, 87, 65, 87, 68, 74, 88, 63, 74, 21, 84

MEAN
n
= 80+ 82+ 84+86+36+ 77+ 89+99+87+65+ 87+68+74+ 88+63+74+21+84
x̄ ∑xi 18
i=1
n

= 1344
18
x̄ = 74.66 – mean

MEDIAN
21, 36, 63, 65, 68, 74, 74, 77, 80, 82, 84, 84, 86,87, 87, 88, 89, 99

Median= 9th value + 10th value

2
Median= 80+82 = 162 = 81
2 2

Mean: 74.66
Median: 81
Mode: 74, 84, 87

b. 75, 83, 82, 80, 87, 89, 86, 65, 67, 89, 78, 84, 88, 45, 65, 66

MEAN
n
= 75+ 83+ 82+80+87+ 89+ 86+65+67+89+ 78+84+ 88+45+65+66
x̄ ∑xi 16
i=1
n
= 1229
16
x̄ = 76.8125 – mean

MEDIAN
45, 65, 65, 66, 67, 75. 78, 80, 82, 83, 84, 86, 87, 88, 89. 89

Median= 8th value + 9th value

2
Median= 80+82 = 162 = 81
2 2
Mean: 76.8125
Median: 81
Mode: 65, 89

2. For a sample of 20 children in a school, the number of minutes they spend per day in watching TV are as
follows: 45, 25, 30, 20, 50, 24, 48. 50, 60, 23, 25, 35, 18, 30, 35, 20, 25, 18 and 27. Calculate the mean,
median, and the mode for the number of minutes spent in watching TV.

MEAN
n = 45+25+30+20+50+24+48+50+60+23+25+35+18+30+35+20+25+18+27
x̄ ∑xi 19
i=1
n
= 608
19
x̄ = 32 – mean / the average minutes spent by children in watching TV

MEDIAN
18, 18, 20, 20, 23, 24, 25, 25, 25, 27, 30, 30, 35, 35, 45, 48, 50, 50, 60

Median= 10th value + 11th value

2
Median= 27+30 = 57 = 28.5
 2 2
Mean: 32-
Median: 28.5 – 28 minutes and 50 seconds
Mode: 25
3. Find the average grade of Fernando for the 1 st semester based on his grades below.
SUBJECTS GRADE UNITS EARNED
Management 1.4 3
Filipino 2.3 3
English 101 1.6 3
PE4 1.3 2
Accounting 1 1.4 6
Statistics 1.8 5

n = 1.4+2.3+1.6+1.3+1.4+1.8
x̄ ∑xi 6
i=1
n
= 9.8
6
= 1.63 is the average grade of Fernando for the 1 st semester.

4. The distribution of the hourly rate of 110 college professors in a private University in Metro manila are
shown below:
HOURLY RATE NO. OF PROFESSORS
85 10
100 13
105 19
116 25
125 15
135 10
145 8
Find: a. Arithmetic Mean b. Median c. Mode

a. Arithmetic Mean
5. Calculate the mean, median and the mode of each grouped data.
a. Height of teachers in b. Ages of teachers and employees
Saint Therese School in a University

HEIGHT FREQUENCY AGE (YEARS) FREQUENCY

175-179 2 21-25 5
170-174 5 26-30 8
165-169 8 31-35 8
160-164 11 36-40 11
155-159 21 41-45 15
150-154 14 46-50 14
145-149 17 51-55 12
140-144 2 56-60 7
ALYSSA C. DEL PILAR BSA-1 MMWORLD 367

UNIT ACTIVITY 2 S2: Variability or Ungrouped Data

Show complete and correct solutions for the following problems. Copy the problem, then show the solutions.

1. The following data give the daily food expenditures (in pesos) for a sample of ten families.
82 116 65 75 92 75 71 77 36 49
Compute for the range, variance, and standard deviation of the sample.

RANGE
R= Maximum Value – Minimum Value.
R= 116 – 36
R= 80
x x-x (x-x)2
36 -37.8 1428.84
49 -24.8 615.04
65 -8.8 77.44
71 -2.8 7.84
75 1.2 1.44
75 1.2 1.44
77 3.2 10.24
82 8.2 67.24
92 18.2 331.24
116 42.2 1780.84

738 4321.6

n=10
x̄ = 738 ÷ 10
x̄ = 73.8

s2 = ∑ ( x−x )2
n-1
= 4321.6
10-1
= 4321.6
9
= 480.177 or 480.2 – Variance

s= √ 460.177
s= 21. 913 = Standard Deviation

2. The following data reflect the number of times a population of a business executives flew for business
during the previous month; 4, 6, 9, 4, 5, 7, 8, 12, 10, 6, 8, 7, 8, 9, 10. Compute for the range, the variance
and the standard deviation for the data.

RANGE
R= Maximum Value – Minimum Value
R= 12-4
R= 8

x x-x (x-x)2
4 -3.53 12.4069
4 -3.53 12.4609
5 -2.53 6.4009
6 -1.53 2.3409
6 -1.53 2.3409
7 -0.53 0.2809
7 -0.53 0.2809
8 -0.47 0.2209
8 -0.47 0.2209
8 -0.47 0.2209
9 1.47 2.1609
9 1.47 2.1609
10 2.47 6.1009
10 2.47 6.1009
12 4.47 19.9809
133 73.6255
 n=15
x̄ = 113 ÷ 15
x̄ = 7.53

s2 = ∑ ( x−x )2
n-1
= 73.6255
15-1
= 73.6255
14
=5.258– Variance

s= √ 5.258
s= 2.29= Standard Deviation

3. The following data give the number of cars and stopped at a service station during each of the 12 hours
observed. 29, 35, 42, 31, 24, 18, 16, 27, 39, 34, 15, 21. Find the range, variance and standard deviation.

RANGE
R= Maximum Value – Minimum Value
R= 42-15
R= 27
x x-x (x-x)2
15 -12.583 158.33
16 -11.583 134.17
18 -9.583 91.83
21 -6.583 43.34
24 -3.583 12.84
27 -0.583 0.34
29 1.417 2.01
31 3.417 11.68
34 6.417 41.18
35 7.417 55.01
39 11.417 130.35
42 14.417 207.85
331 888.93
n=12
x̄ = 331 ÷ 12
x̄ = 27.58

s2 = ∑ ( x−x )2
n-1
= 888.93
12-1
= 888.93
11
=80.81– Variance

s= √ 80.81
s= 8.989 or 8.99= Standard Deviation
ALYSSA C. DEL PILAR BSA-1 MMWORLD 367

UNIT ACTIVITY 2 S2: Variability for Grouped Data

Show complete and correct solutions for the following problems. Copy the problem, then show the solutions.

Using the population formula, calculate the mean, variance and standard deviation for the following grouped data.
A. B.
Amount of Number of
CLASSES F Telephone Bill Families
14-16 5 201-400 8
11-13 7 401-600 13
8-10 14 601-800 7
5--7 9 801-1000 9
2-4 5 1001-1200 3

CLASSES f x fx x-x (x-x)2 f(x-x)2

14-16 5 15 75 6.15 37.82 189.1
11-13 7 12 84 3.15 9.92 69.44
8-10 14 9 126 0.15 0.02 0.28
5-7 9 6 54 -2.85 8.12 73.08
2-4 5 3 15 -5.85 34.22 171.1
∑ f= 40 ∑ fx= 354 ∑ f (x-x) = 2

503

s2 = ∑ f ( x−x )2
N
= 503
40
=12.575– Variance
s= √ 12.575
s= 3.546 or 3.55 – standard deviation

Amount of Number of x fx x-x f(x-x)2

Telephone Bill families
201-400 8 300.5 2404 -344 118,336
401-600 13 500.5 6.506.5 -144 20,736
601-800 17 700.5 11,908.5 56 3,136
801-1000 9 900.5 8,104.5 256 65,536
1001-1200 3 1100.5 3,301.5 456 207,936
∑ f= 50 ∑ fx= 32,225 ∑ f (x-x) = 2

415,680

s2 = ∑ f ( x−x )2
N
= 415,680
50
=8,313.6– Variance
s= √ 8,313.6
s= 91.178 or 91.18 – Standard deviation
ALYSSA C. DEL PILAR BSA-1 MMWORLD 367

UNIT ACTIVITY 3 MF: Show complete and correct solutions for the following problems. Copy the problem, then
show the solutions.

A. Ordinary Annuity Problems

1. Find the amount and present value of an annuity of P540 payable every end of the month at 7%
compounded monthly for four years and 5 months.

GIVEN: A= P540 r= 7% m=12 t=4.416

SOLUTION: i=7% ÷ 12= 0.00583%
n= (4.416)(12) = 52.992
(1+i)n-1 (1+0.00583)52.992-1
F= A 540= = 540( 61.981) = P33,421.14
i 0.00583
1- (1+i)n 1-(1+0.00583)52.992
F= A i 540= 0.00583 = 540 (45.48)= P24,559.20

In conclusion, P33,421.14 is the amount and the present value is P24,559.20.

2. A TV set is open for sale for P1800 down payment and P950 every month for the balance of 2 years. If
interest is to be computed at 6% compounded monthly, what is the cash price equivalent of the TV
set.

GIVEN: Down Payment (DP)- P1800

A= P950
r= 6%
t= 2
m=12
SOLUTION: i=6% ÷ 12= 0.005%
n= tm
n= (2)(12) = 24

Cash Equivalent (CE)= Down Payment + Total Installment Payment

-
CE= 1800 + A 1-(1+0.005) 24
0.005
-
CE= 1800 + 950 1-(1+0.005) 24
0.005

CE=1800+950 [22.5628]
CE=1800+21,434.66
CE=P23,234.66 – the cash prize equivalent of the TV set.

3. Tim deposits P750 every end of 3 months in an account paying 5% interest compounded quarterly.
What amount in the account at the end of 4 years and 6 months?

GIVEN: A= P750
r= 5%
t= 4.5 years
m=4
SOLUTION: i=5% ÷ 4= 1.25%
n= (4.5)(4) = 18

F= A (1+i)n-1 = 750 (1+0.0125)18-1 =750 (20.0462) = P15,034.65

i 0.0125

We conclude that P15,034.65 is the amount in the account at the end of four years and six months.
4. Find the cash value of washing machine that can be bought for P1500 down payment and P650 a
month for 18 months, if money is worth 6% compounded monthly.

GIVEN: Down Payment (DP)- P1500

A= P650
r= 6%
t= 1.5 years
m=12
SOLUTION: i=6% ÷ 12= 0.5%
n= tm
n =(1.5)(12)
n= 18

CE= 1500 + 650 1-(1+0.005)-18

0.005
= 1500+6500 [17.172768]
=1500+11,162.30
CE =P12,662.30 is the cash value of the washing machine.

5. Lino buys a sala set. He pays P2500 down payment and pay P1200 per month for 2 years. If interest is
charged at 6% compounded monthly, what is the cash equivalent of the sala set?

GIVEN: Down Payment (DP)- P2500

A= P1200
r= 6%
t= 2 years
m=12
SOLUTION: i=6% ÷ 12= 0.005%
n= tm
n =(2)(12)
n= 24

CE= 2500 + 1200 1-(1+0.005)-24

0.005
=2500+1200 [22.5628]
=2500+27,075.36
CE =P29,575.36 is the cash equivalent of the sala set.

6. How much monthly deposit must be made for 7 years and 3 months in order to accumulate P14500
at 7% compounded monthly?

GIVEN: F=P14,500
r= 7%
t=7.25 years
m=12

SOLUTION: i=7% ÷ 12= 0.00585%

n= tm
n =(7.25)(12)
n= 87
Fi (14500)(0.00583) 84.535
A= = = = P128.43 would be the monthly deposit.
(1+i)n-1 (1+0.00583)87-1 0.65820

7. What sum will be paid at the end of every three months for 5 years and 6 months if the present value is P25,000
and interest is paid at 6% compounded quarterly?

GIVEN: P=P25,000
r= 6%
t=5.5 years
m=4

SOLUTION: i=6% ÷ 5= 0.015%

n= tm
n =(5.5)(4)
n= 22
 Pi (25000)(0.015) 375
A= 1-(1+i)-n= 1(1+0.015)-22 = 0.27931 = P1,344.59 is the sum that will be paid every 3
months for 5 years and 6 months.

8. Josh wants to buy a car worth P250,000. He can pay P100,000 down payment and the balance
payable every end of the month for 5 years. How much must he pay monthly at 4% compounded
monthly.

GIVEN: P=P100,000
r= 4%
t=5 years
m=12

SOLUTION: i=4% ÷ 12= 0.033%

n= tm
n =(5)(12)
n= 60

Pi (100,000)(0.033) 330
A= = = = P1,839.875 .
1-(1+i)-n 1(1+0.033)-60 0.17936
Therefore, Josh must pay P1,839.875 monthly.

9. John buys an air conditioning unit that sells for P10,580 cash. He pays P2,200 down payment and
promises to pay the balance in 36 th monthly equal payments. What is the size of his monthly
payment, if interest is charged at 6% compounded monthly?

GIVEN: P=P2,200
r= 6%
t=3 years
m=12

SOLUTION: i=6% ÷ 12= 0.005%

n= tm
n =(3)(12)
n= 36
Pi (2200)(0.005) 11
A= 1-(1+i)-n = 1+(1+0.005)-36 = 0.164355 = P66.92 will be John’s monthly payment .

10. How much must be paid for 48 months to settle an obligation of P15,000 if money is worth 3% compounded
monthly?

GIVEN: P=P15,000
r= 3%
t=4 years
m=12

SOLUTION: i=3% ÷ 12= 0.0025%

n= tm
n =(4)(12)
n= 48
Pi (15000)(0.0025) 37.5
A= 1-(1+i)-n = 1+(1+0.0025)-48 = 0.1129 = P332.15 is the amount that must be paid monthly
for 48 months.
B. Annuity Due Problems

1. An investment of P300 is made at the beginning of each month for 4 years and 3 months. How much will be the
investment at the end of the term, if interest is 7% compounded monthly?

GIVEN: A= P300
r= 7%
t= 4.25 years
m=12
SOLUTION: i=7% ÷ 12= 0.00583%
n= tm
n =(4.25)(12)
n= 51

n+1 (1+0.00583)51+1-1
F= A (1+i) -1 -1 300= 0.00583 -1 = 300( 59.538525263) = P17,861.55
i
Therefore, P17,861.55 will be the investment at the end of the term.

2. Find the cash equivalent of an item that was purchased for P1,900 down payment and P350 at the
beginning of each six months for three years and six months, if interest is 5% compounded semi-
annually?

GIVEN: DP= P1900

A= P350
r= 5%
t= 3.5 years
m=2
SOLUTION: i=5% ÷ 2= 0.025%
n= tm
n =(3.5)(2)
n= 7

1-(1+0.025)-7
CE= 1900+350 0.025 = 1900 + 350 [6.34939]= 1900 + 2,222.28
CE= P4,122.28 is the cash equivalent
of the item.

3. Philips wants to have P10,200 for his travelling expenses four years from now. How much must he
save at the beginning of each quarter starting now, if he gets 6% compounded quarterly interest on
his savings.

GIVEN: F= P10,200
r= 6%
t= 4 years
m=4
SOLUTION: i=6% ÷ 4= 0.015%
n= tm
n =(4)(4)
n= 16

A= F 10,200
(1+i) n+1-1 -1 (1+0.015) 16+1-1 -1 = 10,200
= =P560.40
i 0.015 18.201355

Therefore, Philips must save P560.40 quarterly.

4. An investment of P650 is made at the beginning of six months for 10 years and six months. How much
will the investment be worth at the end of the term if interest is 3% compounded semi-annually?

GIVEN: A= P650
r= 3%
t= 10.5 years
m=2
SOLUTION: i=3% ÷ 2= 0.015%
n= tm
n =(10.5)(2)
n= 21
 n+1 (1+0.015)21+1-1
F= A (1+i) -1 -1 =650 0.015 -1 = 650( 24.83757994) = P16,144.43
i
Therefore, P16,144.43 will be the investment.

5. A sala set is bought foe P2500 down payment and P750 payable at the beginning of each month for
36 months. What is the equivalent cash price of the set if the interest rate is 4% compounded
monthly.

GIVEN: DP= P2500

A= P750
r= 4%
t= 3years
m=12
SOLUTION: i=4% ÷ 12= 0.0033%
n= tm
n =(3)(12)
n= 36

1-(1+0.00333)-36
CE= 2500+750 0.00333 = 2500 + 750 [33.8728]= 2500+ 25, 404.60
CE= P27,904.60 is the
equivalent
cash price of the set

6.
C. Deferred Annuity Problems

1. Find the present value of a deferred annuity of P760 every six months for 5 years that is deferred 3
years, if money is worth 4% compounded annually.

GIVEN:
A= P760
r=4%
deferred m= 3 years
term of payments= 5 years

SOLUTION:
d= (deferred no. of years)(m)
= (3)(2)
=6
Pn= (5 years)(2) = 10
i= 4%÷2= 0.02%

1-(1+i)-p-d 1-(1+i)-d
i i =760 1-(1+0.02)-10-6 1-(1+0.02)-6
P=A
0.02 0.02
= 760 [ 13.5777093-5.60143]
=760 [7.9762793]
P= P6,061.97 the present value of the deferred annuity.

2. Find the present value of a deferred annuity of P760 very six months for 5 years, if the first payment
is made in 2 years, and money is worth 5% compounded semi-annually.

GIVEN:
A= P760
r=5%
deferred m= 2 years
term of payments= 5 years

SOLUTION:
d= (deferred no. of years)(m)
= (2)(2)
=4
Pn= (5 years)(2) = 10
i= 5%÷2= 0.025%

1-(1+i)-p-d 1-(1+i)-d
i i =760 1-(1+0.025)-10-4 1-(1+0.025)-4
P=A
0.025 0.025
= 760 [ 11.690912-3.7619742]
=760 [7.9289378]
P =P6,025.99 is the present value of the deferred annuity.

3. In a series of quarterly payment of P960 each, the first payment is due at the end of 5 years and the
last at the end of 10 years and 9 months. If money is worth 6% compounded quarterly, find the
present value of the deferred annuity.

GIVEN:
A= P960
r=6%
deferred m= 5 years
term of payments= 10.75 years
m=4

SOLUTION:
d= (deferred no. of years)(m)
= (5)(4)
 =20
Pn= (10.75 years)(4) = 10
i= 6%÷4= 0.015%

1-(1+i)-p-d 1-(1+i)-d
i i =960 1-(1+0.015)-43-20 1-(1+0.015)--20
P=A
0.015 0.015
= 960 [ 40.57222077040-17.168638785]
=960 [23.4035819854
P=P22,467.44 is the present value of the deferred annuity.

4. Find the quarterly payment for 21 quarters to discharge an obligation of P24,500. If money is worth
4% compounded quarterly and the first payment is due at the end of 2 years and months.

5. Find the semi-annual payment at the end of every six months, the first payment is due at the end of 7
years and the last at the end of 12 years for a loan of P500,500 , if money is worth 3% compounded
semi-annually.