Section 3 Illumination Revised

SECTION 3: ILLUMINATION
SECTION 3
ILLUMINATION
3.0 Purpose
Good illumination promotes the safety of the people using the building; work and other activities carried
out within the building; and creates, in conjunction with the structure and decoration, a pleasing
environment conducive to interest of the occupants and a sense of their well-being.
3.1 SCOPE
(1) This Section of the Code gives requirements and guidance on design and installation of artificial
lighting systems in interiors; it also applies to artificial lighting of outdoor areas.
3.2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES
(1) The following references contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute
provisions of the Ethiopian Building Code Standards on Electrical Installation of Buildings.
(a) BS 8206:1985 Part 1 – Lighting for Building.
(b) DIN 5035:1990 Part 1 – Artificial Lighting, Terminology and General Requirements.
(c) DIN 5035:1990 Part 2 – Artificial Lighting, Recommended values for Lighting
Parameters for Indoor and Outdoor Workplaces.
(d) DIN 5035: 1988 Part 3 – Artificial Lighting of Interior, Hospital Lighting.
(e) DIN 5035:1983 Part 4 – Artificial Lighting of Interior, Special Recommendations for
Lighting Educational establishment.
(f) DIN 5035:1987 Part 5 – Artificial Lighting of Interior, Emergency Lighting.
(g) DIN 5035:1988 Part 7 – Artificial Lighting of Interiors, Lighting of Rooms with
Video Display Unit (VDU) workstation or VDU Assisted
workplaces.
ETHIOPIAN BUILDING CODE STANDARD EBCS-10: 2013 Page [32]

3.3 DEFINITIONS
(1) For the purpose of this Section of the Code, the following definitions shall apply in addition to the
terms defined in Section 1.
Illuminance At a point on a surface, the ratio of the luminous flux incident on an

infinitesimal element of the surface containing the point
under consideration to the area of the element.
NOTE: The unit of illuminance (the measurement of illumination) is Iux which is 1 lumen per
square metre.
Mean illuminance (E) the arithmetical mean of the illuminance in a room or in a room zone being
defined as that area of a room in which the same type of activity is performed
at a number of work-places or which is used for similar purposes.
Rated illuminance (En) the normal value of the mean illuminance that the lighting installation is
designed to illuminate.
Light loss factor (V) the ratio of the rated illuminance, En, to the design value of the mean
illuminance of a lighting system.
Depreciation factor (P) the reciprocal of the light loss factor.
Reflectance (c) the ratio of the luminous flux reflected from a surface to the luminous flux
incident on it.
General lighting the required average illuminance with a certain degree of uniformity over the
total area; and is obtained by a regular arrangement of luminaries over the
ceiling area (see Figure 3.1)
Localized lighting a non-uniform illuminace over the whole work area (see Figure 3.2)
Local lighting lighting for individual workplace in addition to the general lighting produced
by placing luminaries close to the visual task and supplemented by a general
lighting (see Figure 3.1).

Figure 3.1 General lighting a) Grouped
b) Switched
Figure 3.3 Localized lighting Figure 3.2 Localized lighting
Glare a condition in which vision is affected by an excessive luminance and/or excessive differences in
illuminance in the visual field (i.e; parts of this field are excessively bright).
Note: A distinction is made between:
 disability glare, defined as glare causing an actual physiological reduction in visual capability
(impaired, perception of contrasts and forms), and
 discomfort glare, defined as glare considered solely in terms of its psychological effect on the
occupant. Discomfort glare experienced by the occupant of a room increases with time and
leads to premature fatigue and a reduction in performance, performance attitude, and well-
being.
Direct glare a glare caused directly by luminance from luminaries of luminous ceilings.
Reflected glare glare and contrast reduction caused by reflection of high luminance from glossy
surfaces.
Note: The main disturbances caused by such reflection are contrast reduction, and impaired
accommodation and fusion.

Color appearance the chromaticity of an illuminant and is generally expressed as the colour impression
received when looking at a light source.
Note: the colour of the light emitted by a near-white sources can be indicated by its correlated colour
temperature (CCT). Each lamp type has a specific CCT; but for practical use, they have been
grouped into three classes (see Table 3.1).
Table 3.1: Correlated color temperature classes
Correlated color temperature CCT Class

(CCT)
CCT < 3300 Warm (white) – WW
3300 < CCT < 5300 Intermediate (white) – NW
5300 < CCT Cool (daylight white) - TW
Color rendering the relationship between the original color of an object and the color in which it is
rendered by artificial lighting.
Note: the ability of a light source to render colours of surface accurately can be conveniently quantified by
the CIE general colour rendering index. This index is based on the accuracy with which a set of test
t
color are reproduced by the lamp of interest relative to how they are reproduced by an appropriate
standard light source, identical agreement being given a value of 100.0 lx. Each lamp type has a
specific CIE general color rendering index; but for practical use they can be divided into a number of
groups (see Table 3.2)
Table 3.2 Color rendering groups
Colour CIE general colour Typical application

rendering rendering index (Ra)
groups
1A Ra>90 Wherever accurate colour matching is required; e.g.
colour printing inspection.
1B 80 < Ra< 90 Wherever accurate colour judgments are necessary

and/or good colour rendering is essential to
appearance; e.g. shops and other commercial
premises.
2 60 < Ra < 80 Wherever moderate colour rendering is required.

Colour CIE general colour Typical application

rendering rendering index (Ra)
groups
3 40< Ra < 60 Wherever colour rendering is of little significance but
marked distortion of colour is acceptable.
4 20 < Ra < 40 Wherever colour rendering is of no importance at all

and marked distortion of colour is acceptable.
Emergency lighting lighting designed to become operative promptly if the power supply to normal
artificial lighting fails.
Safety lighting an emergency lighting required for reasons of safety (general safety, prevention
of accidents).
t For tabular florescent lamps apparent colour and colour rendering characteristics, refer to Table 3.4.
Escape lighting a specified minimum illuminace for emergency escape purposes, thus, permitting
buildings and plant to be safely evacuated at any time during their utilization.
Safety lighting for particular safety lighting designed to ensure that the work performed at such
Hazardous workplace workplaces can be safely terminated in the manner required and the
workplaces themselves evacuated without danger.
Note: particular hazardous workplaces are those which represent an immediate risk of accident or a
potential source of danger to third parties if the supply to the lighting should fail, raised platforms,
theatre stages, race-courses and arenas counting as particularly hazardous workplaces.
Standby lighting an emergency lighting which can assume the function of normal
artificial lighting for a limited period so as to enable normal
activities to continue.
Response time the interval between a failure in the power supply to the normal
artificial lighting and the provision of the required illuminancne
by the emergency lighting.
Rated duration of operation the period of time for which an emergency lighting system is
designed to operate.

Limit duration of operation the minimum period of time during which an emergency lighting
system shall still be capable of achieving the minimum
illuminance specified for the given application.
Note: This concept applies specifically to battery-operated systems.
Useful life the duration of an emergency lighting system from the date of its
commissioning up to the point in time at which it only achieves
the limit duration of operation.
Safety luminaries a luminary which may or may not be provided with its own
power supply and which is used for safety lighting.
Escape sign luminaries a moulded luminaire bearing a graphical symbol to serve as an

escape sign; it indicates and assist the identification of escape
route.
Standby lighting luminaries a luminary which may or may not be provided with its own
power supply and which is used for standby lighting.
3.4 LIGHTING REQUIREMENTS
3.4.1 Illuminance
(1) Recommended illuminance for different types of interiors, tasks and workspaces given in Table 3.5
and Table 3.6 shall be taken as the recommended minimum values on which the design and assessment of
lighting installations are to be based.
(2) For indoor workplaces that are manned full-time, a minimum rated illuminance of 200.0 lx shall be
provided unless other factors (such as nature of operation, physiological reasons) require different values.
(3) (a) In interior designed for permanent human occupation, a minimum rated illuminace of 100.0 lx is
required.
(b) If tasks are performed at fixed-location workplaces outdoor that correspond to tasks performed
indoors (e.g. operation of wood-work machines), then a rated illuminance specified for such tasks
in Table 3.5 for indoor workplaces shall be provided.

(4) At no stages in the useful life of the lighting installation shall the mean illuminance, E, obtained at the
workplaces be less than 0.8 times the value of the rated illuminace; at no single workplace shall
illuminace ever fall to less than 0.6 times the rated illuminance
3.4.2 Luminance
(1) Reflectance in the working zone shall be planned so that the ratio between task luminance (inner field)
and that of the surrounding of the task are no greater than approximately 3:1.
(2) Reflectance of from to 0.2 to 0.5 are recommended for working surfaces such as bench and desktops.
3.4.3 Glare
(1) Glare shall not be caused by lamps or luminaries (direct glare) nor by reflection of high luminance
from glossy surface (reflected glare).
(2) Lamps with a high luminance (e.g. filament lamps and high discharge lamps) shall always be shielded.
(3) In case of luminaries for local workplaces lighting, a direct view of the lamps shall be precluded by
shielding or by arranging them in a suitable position.
3.4.4 Light Direction and Modelling
(1) Lighting shall be directed to produce an adequate degree of modelling shadow to enable objects and
surface texture to be easily recognized.
(2) Unduly hard shadows shall be avoided. If the ratio Ez (cylindrical): En (horizontal) at a height of
1.20m above floor is not smaller than 0.3, unduly hard shadows can be avoided.
(3) Deep shadows producing excessive luminance contrasts shall be avoided.
3.4.5 Colour Rendering
(1) For inspection and comparison of colours, the CIE general colour rendering index Ra shall not exceed
90 and the rated illuminance shall be 1000.0 lx.
(2) Only lamps meeting the requirements of Colour Rendering Group 3 (or higher) shall be used for
lighting interiors.
(3) Safety colours shall be duly recognizable as such.
3.5 EMERGENCY LIGHTING REQUIREMENTS
3.5.1 Escape Lighting
3.5.1.1 Illuminance

(1) The minimum illuminance of the safety lighting for escape routes shall be 1.0 lx. This requirement
applies to the centre line of an escape route along a horizontal plane 0.2 m above floor level.
(2) The response time shall not exceed a maximum of 15.0 sec.
(3) The rated duration of operation shall at least equal to the time that will be specified by safety law to
be enacted by the concerned government body.
(4) The limit duration of operation shall be 3/4 (for l.0 hr) or 2/3 (for 3.0 hr) of the rated duration.
(5) Safety luminaries for escape routes shall be sited according to their luminance distribution so as to
meet the requirements specified for safety lighting and in such a way that they cannot easily be
rendered ineffective. (Principal locations for the sitting of safety luminaries are, thus, near the exits
of escape routes and at points where it is necessary to emphasize the positions of potential hazards.)
3.5.2 Safety Lighting for Particular Hazardous Workplaces
3.5.2.1Illuminance
(1) The minimum illuminance for such workplaces shall be 0.1En (rated illuminance specified for the
task and room of such workplaces in Table 3.5) but not less than 15.0 lx.
(2) The minimum illuminance for platform and theatre stages shall be 3.0 lx, and 15.0 lx for arenas and
race-courses.
3.5.2.2 Colour rendering
(1) The colour rendering shall at least be equivalent to Group 3 so as to ensure that safety colours remain
recognizable as such.
3.5.2.3 Response time
(1) The response time of safety lighting shall not exceed a maximum of 6.5s.
(2) In case of raised platform, theatre stages, arenas and race-courses, the maximum response time shall be 1.0s.
3.5.2.4 Rated duration of operation
(1) For workplaces, the lighting shall be effective for as long as the hazard subsists, with a minimum duration of 1.0
min.
(2) For raised platform, theatre stages, race-courses and arenas, the rated duration of operation shall at least be equal
to the duration required by law.
3.5.2.5 Sitting of safety luminaries in hazardous workspaces
(1) Safety luminaries shall be sited so as to ensure that the required illuminance is provided over the entire
area in which hazardous tasks are carried out.
3.5.3 Standby Lighting

(1) The requirements to be met by standby lighting are analogous to those applying for normal artificial
lighting. To enable normal activities to continue, a minimum illuminance of 10% of the rated illuminance
value is generally required.
3.6 LIGHTING REQUIREMENTS FOR VARIOUS TYPES OF BUILDINGS
3.6.1 General
(1) The design objectives for lighting shall be to provide both good task visibility and a satisfactory visual
environment.
(2) (a) The lighting of workspaces shall ensure good visibility of the visual objects.
(b) The lighting of workplaces shall also be conducive to concentration and performance attitudes,
counteract premature fatigue and permit any potential hazards to be clearly recognized.
3.6.2 Industrial Buildings
(1) In addition to the lighting required for specific tasks, a general illumination shall be provided to allow
safe movement through the building at all material times.
(2) Where critical colour matching is to be done for a long period, a minimum illuminance of 1000.0 lx
shall be provided.
3.6.3 Offices
(1) As indicated on rated illuminance tables, for general offices illuminance of 500.0 1x and for drawing
offices illuminance of 750.0 lx shall be provided.
(2) Where VDU (Visual Display Units) are used, the illuminance shall be restricted to 500.0lx or less to
minimize the high brightness reflection from the screen and large luminance differences between
screen, any source documents and the backgrounds against which these items are seen.
(3) Where localized lighting is used, the ratio of illuminance between adjacent areas shall not be more
than 3: 1 with a minimum illuminance for any continuously occupied area of 200.0 lx.
(4) Where local lighting is used, the ratio of illuminance between task area and the surrounding area shall
not exceed 3: 1.
(5) A glare limiting index of 19 is appropriate for general office rooms and an index of 16 is desirable for
drawing offices because of the more demanding nature of work.
(6) Where daylight makes a substantial contribution, lamps with a CCT of 4000.0 k or above should be
used.
3.6.4 Hotels and Restaurants

(1) In dinning rooms and restaurants an illuminance of 100.0 lx is recommended on a dinning table.
(2) In lounge and public bars, an average illuminance of 50.0 lx is recommended.
(3) In kitchens and other service areas, a general illuminance of 300.0 lx is recommended and working
areas should have an illuminance of 500.0 lx.
(4) Escape lighting shall be provided for public rooms, staircases and corridors and provisions shall be
made for emergency lighting and exit signs.
3.6.5 Educational Establishments
(1) The wide range of activities carried out in teaching and the variety of working media used create
constant changes in visual tasks; due to this, special requirements, over and above those given in
Clause 3.4.1, shall apply to the quality of the lighting in teaching rooms. This requirements are given
in the following Clauses.
(2) The guideline values for illuminance, colour appearance, colour rendering group and quality of class
of direct glare restriction given in Table 3.7 shall be applied in teaching spaces.
(3) Should the relevant type of room or activity not be listed in Table 3.7, the values given for a similar,
comparable room or activity shall be used mutatis mutandis.
(4) The guideline values given in Tables 3.5 and 3.6 for workspaces shall apply to rooms which have the
same visual requirements as comparable workplaces, as well as to general purpose and office-type
rooms.
(5) The main chalkboard in teaching rooms and demonstration desks in teaching rooms for special
subjects shall be equipped with a supplementary lighting system to increase the vertical illuminance.
3.6.6 Hospitals
(1) The guideline values for hospital lighting set in Table 3.8 shall apply to all rooms and zones of a
hospital.
(2) The lighting of bedded areas shall be conducive to the well-being of the patient, while also enabling
examination or treatment to be carried out. To achieve these goals:
a) (i) the general lighting illuminance shall be 100.0 lx and shall not dazzle the patients or nursing staff.
(ii) the mean luminance as perceived by the recumbent patients shall be limited to 1000.0 cd/m2 while
the luminance of the ceiling shall nowhere exceed 500.0cd/m2.
b) (i) Each bed shall be equipped with a rigidly mounted, adjustable luminaire. A rated illuminance of
300.0 lx shall be achieved on the reading plane (see Figure 3.4).
(ii) To avoid glare in multi-bed wards, the luminance of reading luminaries in the field of vision of
other patients shall not exceed 1000.0 cd/m2

c) (i) For the examination and treatment of patients at the bedside, a rated horizontal illuminance of 300.0
lx, inclusive of the general lighting, shall be provided 0.15m above the longitudinal axis of the plane
of the bed surface.
(ii) At no point along the axis in (i) above shall the illuminance be less than 150.0 lx.
(iii) The uniformity ratio of illuminance Emin: E1 shall here not be less than 1:2.
d) (i) Night watch lighting with illuminance of approximately 5.0 lx shall be provided for keeping
patients under observation during the night.
(ii) In wards occupied by infants, a rated illuminance of 20.0 lx is recommended.
(3) (a) General lighting with a rated illuminance of 500.0 lx and Group 1 colour rendering properties shall
be provided for examination and treatment.
(b) In addition to the general lighting an illuminance of at least 1000.0lx is generally required at the site
of examination.
(4) (a) The lighting in operating theatre shall always be designed in conjunction with the lighting of the
operation theatre field.
(b) In view of the illuminances of 20,000.0 lx to 100,000.0 lx required in the operating field, the
surrounding lighting shall be designed to reduce the adaptation problems which would be caused by
extreme difference in the luminance between operating field and the surrounding area.
(c) The illuminance of the surrounding light shall not be less than 1000.0 lx at a height of 1.0m above
floor level.
(5) (a) standby lighting system shall be provided for the operating theatres, anaesthetic rooms, sterilizing
sinks and recovery rooms.
(b) The standby lighting of the operating table should be equal in all respects to the normal lighting of
this area, and should be of the maintained type to ensure continuous illumination.

Figure 3.4 Reference plans of a hospital bed
3.7 OUTDOOR LIGHTING REQUIREMENTS
3.7.1 Illuminance
(1) For outdoor workspaces, circulation areas/zones and work roads, the recommended rated
illuminances in Table 3.6 shall be provided and they are to be taken as the recommended minimum
values.
(2) If the type of application of interest to the user is not listed, the recommended values specified for a
similar space shall be applied analogously.
3.7.2 Colour Rendering Group
(1) At fixed location workspaces, the colour rendering capability shall at least meet the requirements of
Group ; safety colours and colours used for classification purposes shall be recognizable as such.
*Data on the group to which lamps belong with respect to their colour rendering capability are given in product lists of
manufacturers.
3.7.3 Limitation of Glare
(1) Limitation of direct glare shall be based on Clause 3.4.3 of this Section.
(2) If the outdoor workplace is floodlight, the luminaries used shall be so located and arranged that
hazards due to direct glare are precluded.
3.7.4 Lighting of Outdoor Fixed Location Workspaces

(1) If tasks are performed at fixed location work spaces outdoors that correspond to tasks performed
indoor, then, local workplace lightings shall be provided with rated illuminance equivalent to the
values specified for such tasks in Table 3.5.

Table 3.3 Typical characteristic of lighting sources used for general lighting
Characteristics Tungsten Tungsten Low- High- Hot cathode Cold cathodes High-pressure Mercury
Filament halogen pressure pressure tubular tubular mercury halide
sodium sodium fluorescent fluorescent fluorescent
Range of luminous efficacy 8 to 18 18 to 24 100 to 175 65 to 120 35 to 90 40 to 60 35 to 55 65 to 85
(1.0 lrn/W)
Available wattage range (W) 25 to 1500 100 to 2000 10 to 200 50 to 1000 4 to 125 20 W/m to 30 50 to 2000 250 to 10000
W/m
Range of nominal life 1000 to 2000 2000 to 4000 6000 to 12000 6000 to 12000 5000 to 10000 20000 5000 to 10000 5000 to 10000
(h)
Colour rendering group 1A 1A Non existent 2 or 4 3 Can very widely
depending on depending on
lamp pressure additives used.
Manufacturers
should be
consulted
Need for control gear No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Operating position Any Horizontal Horizontal Any Any Any Any Some restriction
Run-up time (min) Immediate Immediate 6 to 12 4 to 7 Immediate Immediate 4 5
Restrike time (min) Immediate Immediate 3 1 Immediate Immediate 10 10
CCT(K) 25000 to 3000 28000 to 3100 Not applicable 2200 2700 to 6500 2700 to 6500 4000 3600 to 4400
Note: Detailed information about any specific lamp type should be obtained from the manufacturer.
ETHIOPIAN BUILDING CODE STANDARD EBCS-10: 2013

Table 3.4 Tubular fluorescent lamps apparent color and color rendering characteristics of lamps in general use
Lamp name Apparent color Color Color rendering characteristics Typical application
(CCT class) rendering
group
Northlight color Cool 1A Similar to north sky light; emphasizes blues end, to less Used where color rendering similar to north sky daylight is
matching extent, greens needed
Artificial daylight Cool 1A Similar to north light/color matching but emits more Used where critical color matching complying with BS 95:Part
ultraviolet to conform with natural sky light 1 is required
Special Intermediate 1A Equal emphasis given to all color Used where fine color judgments are required, e.g. hospitals, are
galleries and museums,
Triphosphor 4000 Intermediate 1B Emphasizes oranges, greens and blue-violets, subdues Factories, offices and shops where good, but not critical, color
yellows and deep reds rendering or matching is required together with high luminous
efficacy
Triphosphor 3000 Warm 1B Emphasized oranges; greens and blue-violets, subdues Social areas, restaurants, hotels and homes where good but not
yellows and deep reds. critical, color rendering or matching is required together with
high luminous efficacy.
Cool white (natural) Intermediate 2 Emphasizes yellows and, to less extent, green and blues; Factories, offices and shops, particularly where a significant
red shifts slightly towards orange proportion of daylight is admitted.
White Intermediate 3 Emphasizes yellow; and to less extent, greens; reds; Factories, offices and shops
slightly subdued; blues subdued and shifted towards
violet
Warm white Warm 3 Emphasizes yellows and, to less extent, greens; reds Commercial/public buildings
slightly subdued, blues subdued and shifted towards
violet
Lower-power Warm 1B Emphasized oranges, greens blues and violets; subdues Hotels, shops, homes; as replacement for tungsten filament
compact lamps some yellows end deep reds lamps

Table 3.5 Indoor workspaces recommended illuminance

1 2 3 4 5 6
Type of interior task Rated Colour Colour Class of Remark

illuminance, appearance rendering direct glare
Em, in lx group limitation
1. General space
1.1 Circulation zones in storerooms 50 ww.nw 3 3
1.2 Warehousing
1.2.1 Warehouses for goods of one kind or of large unit 50 ww,nw 3 3
size
1.2.2 Warehouse with goods of different kinds and 100 ww,nw 3 3
search and retrieval tasks
1.2.3 Warehouses with reading tasks 200 ww,nw 3 2
1.3 Automatic high-bay store
1.3.1 Aisles and gangways 20 ww,nw 3 3
1.3.2 Control platform 200 ww,nw 2A 1
1.4 Dispatch room 200 ww,nw 3 2
1.5 Rest rooms; sanitary facilities; medical rooms

1.5.1 Canteens 200 ww,nw 2A 1 Incandescent lamps may be used
1.5.2 Other rooms for recreation and rest purposes 100 ww,nw 2A 1 when lighting is to create a specific
1.5.3 Rooms for gymnastic exercises 300 ww,nw 2A 1 atmosphere supplementary mirror
lighting optional
1.5.4 Changing rooms 100 ww,nw 2A 2
1.5.5 Washrooms 100 ww,nw 2A 2
1.5.6 Toilets 100 ww,nw 2A 2
1.5.7 Medical treatment and nursing rooms; first aid 500 ww,nw 1A 1
facilities
1.6 Building services installations
1.6.1 Machine rooms 100 ww,nw 3 3
1.6.2 Power supply and distribution 100 ww,nw 3 3
1.6.3 Telex and post rooms 500 ww,nw 2A 1
1.6.4 Telephone switchboard 300 ww,nw 2A 1

Table 3.5 Indoor workspaces recommended illuminance (conte’d)

1 2 3 4 5 6

illuminanc appearance rendering direct glare
e, Em, in lx group limitation
2. Circulation areas in buildings Adjustment of rated illuminance to
adjoining spaces; En1  En2
2.1 For persons 50 ww,nw 3 3 where En1= En of the circulation

areas.
2.2 For persons and vehicles 100 ww,nw 3 3
En2=En of adjoining spaces
2.3 Stairs; escalators, and ramps 100 ww,nw 3 2 En of adjoining interior.
2.4 Loading platforms 100 ww,nw 3 2 The interior area of the shed entrance
is to be illuminated.
2.5 Automatic transport facilities or conveyor belts in 100 ww,nw 3 3

En of the adjoining interior. The
or adjoining circulation areas interior area of the shed entrance is to
2.6 Shed entrances 100 ww,nw 3 3 be illuminated.
2.6.1 Day-time operation 2x En†min ww,nw Only luminaries

without
400.0 lx luminous side
panels are to be
used.
2.6.2 Night-time operation 0.5 En† to ww,nw 3 Only luminaries
without
0.2 En† luminous side
panels are to be
used.
3. Office and similar rooms Workplace-oriented general lighting;
minimum of 0.8 En at workplace.
3.1 office with daylight-oriented workplaces, all in 300 ww,nw 2A 1 High reflectance: ceiling 0.7
immediate vicinity of windows
minimum: walls/partitions: 0.5
3.2 Offices 500 ww,nw 2A 1
3.3 Open-plan office with average reflectance with 1000 ww,nw 2A 1 minimum, local workplace lighting
high reflectance


1 2 3 4 5 6

3.4 Technical drawing office 750 ww,nw 2A 1 permitted
3.5 Conference and consultation rooms 300 ww,nw 2A 1

En referred to working plane of
3.6 Reception rooms 100 ww,nw 2A 1 drawing board of 75o to the horizontal
at the centre point of the board and a
3.7 Rooms open to the public 200 ww,nw 2A 1 height of 1.2m.
3.8 Data processing rooms 500 ww,nw 2A 1
4. Chemical industry
4.1 Remote controlled process engineering plans 50 ww.nw 3 3
4.2 Process engineering plants 100 ww.nw 3 3
4.3 Permanently manned workplace in process 200 ww.nw 3 3

engineering plants
4.4 Measuring stations, control platforms and 300 ww.nw 2A 1 Where required for operational
observations posts reasons, En may be less than 300.0 lx.
4.5 Laboratories, pharmaceutical packaging rooms 300 ww.nw 2A 2
4.6 Particular exacting visual tasks 500 ww.nw 2A 1
4.7 Colour matching 1000 ww.nw 1A 1 Local workplace lighting

recommended, with shielding against
light sources of other light types.
5. Cement industry, glass works and pottery
5.1 Workplaces or zones at furnaces/ kilns, at raw 200 ww.nw 3 3

materials mixers, at grinning plant in brickworks


1 2 3 4 5 6

5.2 Enamelling, rolling, pressing, moulding of simple 300 ww.nw 3 3
parts; glazing, glass blowing
5.3 Grinding, etching, glass polishing; precision 500 ww.nw 3 3
moulding; manufacture of glass instruments
5.4 Colouring and decorating 500 ww.nw 2A 1
5.5 Grinding lenses, crystal glassware; manual 750 ww.nw 2A 1

grinding and engraving; medium quality tasks
5.6 Precision work 1000 ww.nw 2A 1 Local workplace lighting
recommended
6. Smelting works, iron and steel works, rolling
mills, foundries
6.1 production plants not requiring manual 50 ww.nw 3 3
intervention
6.2 Production plants requiring occasional manual 100 ww.nw 3 3
intervention
6.3 Permanently manned workplaces in production 200 ww.nw 3 2 Where required for operational
plants reasons, En may be less than 300.0lx
6.4 Measuring stations, control platform and 300 ww.nw 2A 1
observation posts
6.5 Testing and inspection areas 500 ww.nw.tw 2A 1 En may exceed 500.0lx
7. Metal working and finishing
7.1 Hammer-forging of small parts 200 ww.nw 3 2
7.2 Welding 300 ww.nw 3 2


1 2 3 4 5 6

7.3 Machining centres; automatic or semiautomatic 300 ww.nw 3 1
machining plants
7.4 Rough and medium machining tasks, with 300 ww.nw 3 1
permissible deviations greater than 0.1mm
7.5 Precision machining tasks, with permissible 500 ww.nw 3 1
deviations less than 0.1mm
7.6 Robot-equipped workplaces 300 ww.nw 3 1
7.7 Laying out and control workplace; measuring 750 ww.nw 3 1

stations
7.8 Cold rolling mills 200 ww.nw 3 2
7.9 Wire and tube drawing works; manufacture of cold 300 ww.nw 3 2
rolled sectional strip
7.10 Machining and working of sheet metals 300 ww.nw 3 2
7.11 Manufacture of hand tools and cutlery 500 ww.nw 3 1
7.12 Assembly
7.12.1 Low precision 200 ww.nw 3 2
7.12.2 Medium precision 300 ww.nw 3 1
7.12.3 High precision 500 ww.nw 3 1
7.13 Drop forging 200 ww.nw 3 2
7.14 Foundries


1 2 3 4 5 6

7.14.1 Under floor man-sized trenches, belt 50 ww.nw 3 3
conveyor, roads, cellars, etc.
7.14.2 Platforms 100 ww.nw 3 3
7.14.3 Sand preparation 200 ww.nw 3 3
7.14.4 Dressing room 300 ww.nw 3 2
7.14.5 Workplaces at cupola furnaces and mixers 200 ww.nw 3 2
7.14.6 Casting bays 300 ww.nw 3 2
7.14.7 Shake out bays 200 ww.nw 3 2
7.14.8 Mechanical moulding 200 ww,nw 3 2
7.14.9 Hand moulding 300 ww.nw 3 2
7.14.10 Core moulding 300 ww.nw 3 2
7.14.11 Pattern making 500 ww.nw 3 1
7.15 Die casting works 300 ww.nw 3 2
7.16 Surface treatment
7.16.1 Electroplating 300 ww.nw.tw 3 2
7.16.2 Priming, painting, varnishing 500 ww.nw.tw 3 1


1 2 3 4 5 6

7.16.3 Inspection areas 750 ww.nw.tw 2A 1
7.17 Tool, gauge jig manufacture; precision 1000 ww.nw.tw 3 1 Local workplace lighting
mechanics; high precision assembly recommended
7.18 Motor vehicle manufacture
7.18.1 shell manufacture 500 ww.nw.tw 3 2 Shielding against direct glare at

assembly lines with local workplace
fluorescent lighting may be dispensed
with if the operational conditions so
require.
7.18.2 Body surface treatment 500 ww.nw.tw 3 2
7.18.3 Paint spray booth 1000 ww.nw.tw 3 -
7.18.4 Paint polishing bays 750 www.nw.tw 3 1
7.18.5 Retouching 1000 ww.nw.tw 3 1
7.18.6 Upholstery 500 ww.nw.tw 3 2
7.18.7 Final vehicle assembly 500 ww.nw.tw 3 2
7.18.8 Inspection 750 ww.nw.tw 3 1
8. Power stations
8.1 Loading plant 50 ww.nw 3 2
8.2 Boiler room 100 ww.nw 3 3


1 2 3 4 5 6

8.3 Pressure equalizing chamber in nuclear power 200 ww.nw 2A 1
stations
8.4 Machine rooms 100 ww.nw 3 2
8.5 Ancillary rooms, e.g. pump rooms, condenser 50 ww.nw 3 2
rooms
8.6 Switchboard plant 100 ww.nw 2A 2
8.7 Control rooms 300 ww.nw 2A 2
8.8 Maintenance work on turbine and generator 500 ww.nw 2B 2 Where required for operational
reasons, En may be less than 300.0 lx.
By providing supplementary lighting
while work is carried out.
9. Electrical engineering industry
9.1 Cable manufacture; varnishing and impregnation of 300 ww.nw 3 1

coils, simple assembly tasks; winding of coils and
armatures with heavy-gauge wire
9.2 Assembly of telephones and small motors; winding 500 ww.nw.tw 3 1 Local workplace lighting
recommended
of coils and armatures with medium gauge wire
9.3 Assembly of precision devices; radio and television 1000 ww.nw.tw 3 1
sets; winding of fine wire coils; fabrication of
fuses; adjustment, testing and calibration


1 2 3 4 5 6

9.4 Assembly of high-precision parts and of electronic 1500 ww.nw.tw 2A 1
components
10. Jewellery industry, watch and clock making
industry
10.1 Manufacture of jewellery 1000 ww.nw.tw 2A 1
10.2 Working of precious stones 1500 ww.nw.tw 1B 1 Local workplace lighting
10.3 Optician’s and watchmaker’s workshops 1500 ww.nw.tw 2A 1
11. Woodworking
11.1 Steam pits 100 ww.nw 3 3
11.2 Saw mils 200 ww.nw 3 2
11.3 Bench work, gluing, assembly 300 ww.nw 2A 2
11.4 Selection and inspection of veneer wood; 500 ww.nw 1A 1
11.5 Pattern making shop; polishing; varnishing
11.6 Work at woodworking machine; turning, 500 ww.nw 2A 1

chamfering, dressing, rebating, slotting, cutting,
sawing, sinking
11.7 Surface finishing 500 ww.nw 2A 1
11.8 Checking for defects 750 nw.tw 1A 1


1 2 3 4 5 6

12. Paper industry, printing allied trades
12.1 Work at Hollanders, edge runners, grinding mills 200 ww.nw 3 3
12.2 Paper-making and corrugating machines; 300 ww.nw 3 2

cardboard fabrication
12.3 Standard bookbinding; wallpaper printing 300 ww.nw 2A 1 Avoidance of reflected glare by
selection of correct light incidence;
for hand composing, obliquely from
the side.
12.4 Trimming, gilding, embossing; work at printing 500 ww.nw 2A 1
presses
12.5 Hand printing; paper sorting 750 ww.nw.tw 2A 1
12.6 Retouching; lithography; hand and machine 1000 ww.nw.tw 2A 1

composing; make-ready
12.7 Colour control in multi- colouring printing 1500 ww.nw.tw 1A 1 Local workplace lighting
recommended
12.8 Steel and copper engraving 2000 ww.nw.tw 2A 1
13. Leather industry
13.1 work at vats; tubs, pits 200 ww.nw 3 3 For tubs, due attention must be given
to vertical lighting, reflections being
avoided by means of suitable light
incidence.
13.2 Scraping, splitting, smoothing, fulling of hides 300 ww.nw 2A 1
13.3 Saddlery work; quitting, sewing polishing; 500 ww.nw 2A 1 For dark materials, increase to
sorting; pressing; cutting to size punching; shoe 1000.0lx local workplace lighting
manufacture


1 2 3 4 5 6

13.4 Leather dyeing (mechanical) 750 ww.nw.tw 2A 1 For surface inspection tasks, provide
supplementary lighting with oblique
incidence. Local workplace lighting
recommended.
13.5 Quality control
13.5.1 Medium standard 750 nw 1B 1
13.5.2 High standard 1000 nw.tw 1B 1
13.5.3 Very high standard 1500 nw.tw 1B 1
13.6 Colour matching 100 tw.nw 1A 1 Shield from light sources with a
different illuminant. Local workplace
lighting recommended
14. Manufacture and processing of textiles
14.1 workplaces and work zones at baths and in bate 200 ww.nw 3 3
breaking areas
14.2 Combing, washing, ironing, devilling and carding 300 ww.nw 3 2
work; drawing, leasing, sizing, card cutting;
slubbing; jute and hemp spinning
14.3 Dyeing 300 ww.nw 2A 2
14.4 Warping, beaming, spinning, spoiling and 500 ww.nw 2A 1

winding, twisting, braiding, knitting, and weaving
14.5 Cob pricking; perching; sewing block printing 750 ww.nw 2A 1 Local workplace lighting
recommended.
14.6 Millinery 750 ww.nw 2A 1 For colour matching tasks, shield
from light sources with a different
illuminant


1 2 3 4 5 6

14.7 Trimming; burling 1000 ww.nw 2A 1
14.8 Goods inspection; colour matching 1000 ww.nw.tw 1A 1
14.9 Invisible mending 1500 nw,tw 2A 1
15. Food and luxury food industries
15.1 workplace and work zones in breweries and malt 200 ww.nw 2A 3
houses; washing, tilling in barrels, cleaning,
sieving, peeling, cooking and boiling in canning
and chocolate factories; workplaces and work
zones in sugar refineries, for drying and
fermenting leaf tobacco; fermenting cellar
15.2 Sorting and washing of produce; grinding, 300 ww.nw 2A 2 Depending on the layout of the
mixing, packaging workplace, ensure adequate vertical
illuminance.
15.3 Workplaces and work zones in abattoirs, 300 nw 2A 2
butcher’s stores dairies, mills and filter beds
15.4 Cutting and sorting of fruit and vegetables 300 nw 2A 1
15.5 Making of delicatessen products; kitchens; cigar 500 nw 2A 1

and cigarette manufacture
15.6 Inspection of glass jars and product control; 500 nw 2A 1
garnishing, decorating and sorting
15.7 Colour matching; laboratories 1000 ww.nw.tw 1A 1 For colour matching, shield form
light sources with a different
illuminant. Local workplace lighting
recommended.


1 2 3 4 5 6

16. Wholesale and retail trade
16.1 Sales areas 300 ww.nw 2A 1
16.2 Cash desks 500 ww.nw 2A 1
17. Craft and trades (examples from different

branches)
17.1 Removing rust and painting steel components 200 ww.nw 3 2
17.2 Subassembly of heating and ventilation system 200 ww.nw 3 2
17.3 Locksmith and plumbing work 300 ww.nw 3 2
17.4 Motor car workshop 300 ww.nw 3 2
17.5 Carpentry and joinery 300 ww.nw 3 2
17.6 Repair shops for machines and appliances 500 ww.nw 3 1
17.7 Radio and television repair workshops 500 ww.nw 2A 1
18. Services enterprises
18.1 Hotel and restaurants
18.1.1 Reception 200 ww.nw 2A 1
18.1.2 Kitchen 500 ww.nw 2A 2


1 2 3 4 5 6

18.1.3 Dining rooms 200 Ww 1B -
18.1.4 Conference rooms 300 ww.nw 2A 1
18.1.5 Self-service restaurants 300 ww.nw 1B 1
18.2 Laundries and dry cleaners
18.2.1 Washing 300 ww.nw 2A 2
18.2.2 Machine ironing 300 ww.nw 2A 1
18.2.3 Ironing by hand 300 ww.nw 2A 1
18.2.4 Sorting 300 ww.nw 2A 1
18.2.5 Stain removal inspection 1000 ww.nw 2A 1
18.3 Hairdressing 500 ww.nw.tw 1A 1
18.4 Beauty treatment 750 ww.nw.tw 1A 1 Local workplace lighting permitted
19. Plastics processing
19.1 injection moulding 500 ww.nw 3 2
19.2 Blowing 300 ww.nw 3 2
19.3 Compression moulding 300 ww.nw 3 2

Table 3.6 Outdoor workplaces
1 2 3 4 5
Type of outdoor workspace circulation areas/zones and Rated Uniformity of Colour Remarks
workshops illuminance, illuminance, g1 = rendering
En in lx Emin/E group
1. Circulation areas on works premises, roads g2 = Emin/ Emax
1.1 Gates 50 0.5 3 Emin shall be 1.0 lx minimum
1.2 Footpaths 5 g 21  0.08 4 En, Emin and g2 related to the center line of
the path
1.3 Cycle paths Emin  3 g 21  0.3 4 Emin and g2 related to the center line of the
path.
1.3.1 Works roads with loading and unloading zone or 10 04 4
with heavy cross traffic and a speed limit of
30.0km/h or less
1.3.2 Work roads with loading and unloading zone or 20 0.4 4

with heavy cross traffic and a speed limit of
50.0km/h or less
2. Parking areas 3 0.2 4
3. Harbours
3.1 Container transshipment areas
3.1.1 Open storage areas and circulation areas 20 0.2 4
1) g2 = Emin / Emax
3.1.2 Loading and unloading containers 100 0.2 4 Supplementary local workplace lighting
required in containers.

Table 3.6 Outdoor workplaces (conte’d)
1 2 3 4 5
3.2 Quayage
3.2.1 Quayside 5 0.2 4
3.2.2 Loading unit loads 20 0.2 4
3.2.3 Loading bulk goods (dry bulk and fluids) 10 0.2 4 Dazzling of shipping to be avoided
3.3 Workspaces in depot areas
3.3.1 Unit loads 20 0.2 4
3.3.2 Bulk goods 5 0.2 4
3.3.3 Hazardous fluids 5 0.2 4
3.4 Wharfs for passenger traffic 30 0.2 3
3.5 Wharfs for mixed traffic 50 0.2 3
3.6 Docks 50 0.2 4
3.7 Repair facilities in harbor 50 0.2 4
4. Transshipment areas, loading areas 30 0.5 4
5. Workspaces in depot areas, stacks

1 2 3 4 5
5.1 Piece goods 30 0.2 4
5.2 Bulk goods 10 0.2 4
6. Track system
6.1 Sidings, shunt yards
6.1.1 Public transport 3
6.1.2 Other traffic 5
6.2 Platforms
6.3 Rehandling yards 30
6.4 Level crossing 20
7. Building sites
7.1 Overground workings 20 0.2 4
7.2 Underground workings 20 0.2 4
7.3 Structural steelwork, structural metal work 20 0.2 4
7.4 Tunneling 30 0.2 4

1 2 3 4 5
8. Large-scale chemical production plant 10 0.2 4
9. Power stations
9.1 Circulation areas
9.1.1 Conventional fuel power stations 10 0.2 4
9.1.2 Nuclear power stations 20 0.5 4
9.2 Switchboard plant 20 0.5 4
10. Open cast mining
10.1 Directional lighting 3 - 4
10.2 Supplementary working zone lighting 20 0.2 4
11 Sewage treatment works
11.1 paths and roads 5 0.2 4
11.2 Tanks and basins - - 4 Lighting only where needed
12 Filing stations 100 0.5 3

3.7 Guideline values for educational establishment lighting
1 2 3 4 5 6
Type of space or activity Rated Colour Colour Quality class of Remarks
illuminance En in appearance rendering direct glare
lx property group restriction
1. Outside structures
1.1 Roofed recreation area 50 ww.nw 3 -
1.2 Roofed bicycle stands 20 ww.nw 3 -
2. Secondary rooms for special

purposes
2.1 Room for teaching aids and 200 ww.nw 2 2
collections
2.2 Projection 200 ww.nw 2 2 If necessary, supplementary lighting

for stacks cabinets
3. Community rooms
3.1 Corridors 100 ww.nw 2 3
3.2 Staircases 100 ww.nw 2 2
3.3 Entrance halls 100 Ww,nw 2 3
3.4 Canteens 200 ww.nw 2 1
3.5 exhibition rooms 100 ww.nw 2 2 If necessary, supplementary lighting

for objects exhibited, platforms and
shelves.
3.6 Multi-purposes rooms 300 ww.nw 2 1

3.7 Guideline values for educational establishment lighting (Conte’d)
1 2 3 4 5 6
3.7 Auditoria, rooms for functions, if not
included under
3.8 Above 100 ww.nw 2 1
3.9 Libraries (books, other media) 300 ww.nw 2 1
3.10 Reading rooms 500 ww.nw 2 1
3.11 Book stack-rooms 200 ww.nw 2 2
4. General teaching rooms The main chalkboard and/or

demonstration desk required
4.1 Rooms for pre-schooling purposes 300 ww.nw 2 1† supplementary lighting.
4.2 Teaching rooms, if not included under 3001 ww.nw 2 1† 1) At the working positions, a
4.3 below minimum of 0.8En is required
4.3 Teaching rooms with a day-light 5002 ww.nw 2 1† 2) The illuminance required if the
rooms is put to other uses can be
factor D (see DIN 5034 Part1) less
attained by switching parts of the
than 1% at the most unfavorable
lighting systems
working position, teaching rooms used
chiefly in the evening or specially for
3) High reflectance is deemed to be
adult education
at least 0.7 for the ceiling, at least
4.4 Open-plan teaching spaces
0.5 for the walls or room dividers
- With high reflectionce3 750 ww.nw 2 1†

3.7 Guideline values for educational establishment lighting (Conte’d)
1 2 3 4 5 6
- With medium reflectance 1000 ww.nw 2 1†
5. Teaching rooms for special purposes
5.1 Kitchens for teaching purposes 500 ww.nw 2 2
5.2 Rooms for manual training 500 ww.nw 2 2
5.3 Rooms for handicrafts sewing 500 ww.nw 2 1 4) En with respect of the drawing-
typewriting board positioned as for use at 750
from the horizontal, the centre of
the board being 7 at a height of
1.2m
5.4 Drawing, painting 500 ww.nw 1 1
5.5 Physics, chemistry and biology 500 ww.nw 2 1
5.6 Laboratories, demonstration rooms 500 ww.nw 2 1
5.7 Teaching drawing4 700 ww.nw 2 1
6. Lecture theatres
6.1 Lecture theatres with windows 500 ww.nw 2 1
6.2 Lecture theatres without windows 750 ww.nw 2 1
† The values of the luminance restriction curve belonging to the next highest nominal illuminance shall be observed.

Table 3.8 Guidance value for hospital lighting
Room type Type of activity/type of Rated Lighting Colour Quality class Remark
illumination illuminance colour rendering for
En in lx group1 restriction of
direct glare
Bedded area General lighting 100 ww 1 1 Reduced glare for patients
Approximately 5.0 lx
Reading lighting 200 ww 1 1

Examination lighting 300 ww 1 1
Night watch lighting - ww 1 1
Night lighting - ww 1 1
Infants ward General lighting 200 ww 1 1 General lighting at workplaces not less
than 160.0lx
Night-watch lighting 20 ww 1 1
General General lighting 500 ww.nw 1 1

examination and
treatment rooms At site of examination >1000 ww.nw 1 -
Special
examination and
treatment rooms
For endoscope Preparation 1 1 If required switchable or controllable
500 ww.nw to give lower illuminance values
examination
Urology 50 ww.nw 1 1
Rectoscopy 50 ww.nw 1 1
Gynecology 50 ww.nw 1 1

Table 3.8 Guidance value for hospital lighting (Conte’d)

Room type Type of activity/type of Rated Lighting colour Colour Quality class Remark
illumination illuminance rendering for restriction
En in lx group1 of direct glare
For ophthalmic General lighting 500 ww.nw 1 1 If required, switchable or controllable to
examination give lower illuminance values
Refractometry 500 ww.nw 1 1

Skiascopy 50 ww.nw 1 1
Ophthalmoscopy 50 ww.nw 1 1
Ophthalmometry 50 ww.nw 1 1
Perimery 50 ww.nw 1 1
Adpatometry 5 ww.nw 1 1
For radiographic General lighting 500 ww.nw 1 1

examination
Work at monitor 20 ww.nw 1 1
For dental
examinations
For dermatological
examinations
Intensive theatre
suites
Operating General lighting 1000 nw 1 1 Illuminance: 20,000 lx to 100,000.0 lx.
theatre suites 1000 lx minimum; Desired illuminance:
2000.0 lx
Operating field lighting --- nw 1 1
Surround lighting in --- nw 1 1

operating theatre


Ancillary rooms General lighting for Reduced glare for patients
changing rooms
Wash rooms 500 nw
Rooms for pre-surgery 500 nw

preparation
Rooms for post-surgery 500 nw
treatment
Instrument stories 500 nw 1 1
Sterile parts stories 500 nw
Sterilization stores 500 nw
Recovery room 500 nw
Recovery lighting 100 ww.nw 1 1
Therapy rooms General lighting 300 ww.nw 1 1

Medicinal baths
Physiotherapy
Massage
Dialysis rooms General room lighting 100 ww 1 1 Reduced glare for patients
General lighting in bedded 500 ww 1 1

areas
Laboratories and General lighting 500 ww,nw 1 1 Workplace lighting, if required.
dispensaries
Colour check 1000 tw 1 1


Corridors and Bedded areas
stairs
- Day-time 200 ww 2 1
- At night 50 ww 2 1
Operating theatre suit
- Day-time 300 nw 2 1
- At night 100 nw 2 1
Toilets and dirty Sanitary blocks connecting 100 ww 1 -

work areas to bedded areas
Toilets 200 ww 2 -
Dirty work areas 300 ww.nw 2 -
Duty rooms for General lighting 300 ww 1 1 If required, workplace lighting for
doctors and filling hypodermic syriniges,
sorting medicines etc.
nursing staff Lighting for difficult 500 ww 1 1
visual tasks
Post-mortem General lighting 1000 nw 1 1
examination
rooms Workplace lighting >5000 nw 1 -

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SECTION 3: ILLUMINATION

3.2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES

(a) BS 8206:1985 Part 1 – Lighting for Building.

(f) DIN 5035:1987 Part 5 – Artificial Lighting of Interior, Emergency Lighting.

ETHIOPIAN BUILDING CODE STANDARD EBCS-10: 2013 Page [32]

Illuminance At a point on a surface, the ratio of the luminous flux incident on an

Depreciation factor (P) the reciprocal of the light loss factor.

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Figure 3.1 General lighting a) Grouped

Figure 3.3 Localized lighting Figure 3.2 Localized lighting

Note: A distinction is made between:

ETHIOPIAN BUILDING CODE STANDARD EBCS-10: 2013 Page [34]

Table 3.1: Correlated color temperature classes

Correlated color temperature CCT Class

3300 < CCT < 5300 Intermediate (white) – NW

5300 < CCT Cool (daylight white) - TW

Colour CIE general colour Typical application

1B 80 < Ra< 90 Wherever accurate colour judgments are necessary

2 60 < Ra < 80 Wherever moderate colour rendering is required.

ETHIOPIAN BUILDING CODE STANDARD EBCS-10: 2013 Page [35]

Colour CIE general colour Typical application

4 20 < Ra < 40 Wherever colour rendering is of no importance at all

ETHIOPIAN BUILDING CODE STANDARD EBCS-10: 2013 Page [36]

Note: This concept applies specifically to battery-operated systems.

Escape sign luminaries a moulded luminaire bearing a graphical symbol to serve as an

3.4 LIGHTING REQUIREMENTS

ETHIOPIAN BUILDING CODE STANDARD EBCS-10: 2013 Page [37]

3.4.4 Light Direction and Modelling

(3) Deep shadows producing excessive luminance contrasts shall be avoided.

3.4.5 Colour Rendering

3.5 EMERGENCY LIGHTING REQUIREMENTS

3.5.1 Escape Lighting

ETHIOPIAN BUILDING CODE STANDARD EBCS-10: 2013 Page [38]

3.5.2 Safety Lighting for Particular Hazardous Workplaces

3.5.2.2 Colour rendering

3.5.2.3 Response time

3.5.2.4 Rated duration of operation

3.5.2.5 Sitting of safety luminaries in hazardous workspaces

3.5.3 Standby Lighting

ETHIOPIAN BUILDING CODE STANDARD EBCS-10: 2013 Page [39]

3.6 LIGHTING REQUIREMENTS FOR VARIOUS TYPES OF BUILDINGS

3.6.2 Industrial Buildings

3.6.4 Hotels and Restaurants

ETHIOPIAN BUILDING CODE STANDARD EBCS-10: 2013 Page [40]

(2) In lounge and public bars, an average illuminance of 50.0 lx is recommended.

3.6.5 Educational Establishments

ETHIOPIAN BUILDING CODE STANDARD EBCS-10: 2013 Page [41]

ETHIOPIAN BUILDING CODE STANDARD EBCS-10: 2013 Page [42]

Figure 3.4 Reference plans of a hospital bed

3.7 OUTDOOR LIGHTING REQUIREMENTS

3.7.2 Colour Rendering Group

3.7.3 Limitation of Glare

3.7.4 Lighting of Outdoor Fixed Location Workspaces

ETHIOPIAN BUILDING CODE STANDARD EBCS-10: 2013 Page [43]

ETHIOPIAN BUILDING CODE STANDARD EBCS-10: 2013 Page [44]

ETHIOPIAN BUILDING CODE STANDARD EBCS-10: 2013

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Table 3.5 Indoor workspaces recommended illuminance

Type of interior task Rated Colour Colour Class of Remark

1.1 Circulation zones in storerooms 50 ww.nw 3 3