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Series RC Circuit: Fundamentals of Electricity II LAB

This document describes an experiment on an RC series circuit. The objectives are to study how RC circuits behave with switched input voltages and to observe how a capacitor charges over time through a resistor. The key points are: 1) An RC series circuit contains a resistor connected in series with a capacitor. A sinusoidal voltage is applied and current flows through both components. 2) When a step voltage is applied through a resistor, the capacitor voltage increases slowly over time in an exponential fashion as it charges. 3) RC circuits are characterized by their time constant, which is the amount of time it takes for the capacitor voltage to reach 63% of the final value.

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105 views10 pages

Series RC Circuit: Fundamentals of Electricity II LAB

This document describes an experiment on an RC series circuit. The objectives are to study how RC circuits behave with switched input voltages and to observe how a capacitor charges over time through a resistor. The key points are: 1) An RC series circuit contains a resistor connected in series with a capacitor. A sinusoidal voltage is applied and current flows through both components. 2) When a step voltage is applied through a resistor, the capacitor voltage increases slowly over time in an exponential fashion as it charges. 3) RC circuits are characterized by their time constant, which is the amount of time it takes for the capacitor voltage to reach 63% of the final value.

Uploaded by

Mustafa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Series RC Circuit

Fundamentals of
Electricity II LAB
Introduction

Resistors, capacitors, and inductors are the basic passive building


blocks of many circuits. These elements can be used to control
timing and frequency response. In this experiment we will investigate
how circuits comprised of resistors and capacitors behave when their
voltages and currents are switched. We will watch the voltage
increase on a capacitor as it charges over a relatively long period of
time, then observe shorter-term effects with a resistor-capacitor (RC)
circuit.

with a resistor-capacitor (RC) circuit.

A circuit that contains pure resistance R ohms connected in series


with a pure capacitor of capacitance C farads is known as RC Series
Circuit. A sinusoidal voltage is applied and current I flows through
the resistance (R) and the capacitance (C) of the circuit.

Series RC Circuit 2
Objective
To study how RC circuits behave with switched input voltages.
Following completion of this lab you should be able to explain how a
capacitor charges when a step voltage is applied to it through a
resistor, describe the shape of the voltage across a capacitor when a
square voltage wave is applied to it through a resistor, calculate the
time constant of a RC circuit and know to what level the capacitor
charges in one time constant, determine one of the more commonly-
accepted time intervals that it takes to fully charge a capacitor when
a step voltage is applied to it through a resistor, observe polarity
requirements of electrolytic capacitors, and give a basic explanation
of dielectric absorption.

Series RC Circuit 3
Materials and Apparatus

• Resistor and capacitor code handouts


• Analog Devices ADALM1000 (M1K)
• Solderless breadboard and jumper wires from the
ADALP2000 Analog Parts Kit
• (1) 100 KΩ resistor from the ADALP2000 Analog Parts Kit
• (1) 47 μF capacitor from the ADALP2000 Analog Parts Kit
• (1) 100 μF capacitor from the ADALP2000 Analog Parts Kit

Series RC Circuit 4
Procedure

1. Construct the following circuit on the solderless breadboard; note the


polarity of the 47 μF capacitor
2. Run PixelPulse and plug in the M1K using the supplied USB cable
3. Update M1K firmware, if necessary
4. Set up the M1K to source voltage/measure current on Channel A and
measure voltage on channel B
5. Set up Channel A source waveform for a “Constant” output of 5 V.
6. Connect a wire from Channel A to the unconnected side of the 100 KΩ
resistor while monitoring the voltage on Channel B
7. Observe the voltage on Channel B increase slowly
8. Change the output voltage from Channel A to 0 V and measure how long
it takes the voltage on Channel B to reach 0 V (theoretically the capacitor
voltage never gets to 0 V, but we can get a good estimation within the
measurement limitations of the M1K)
9. Construct the following circuit on the solderless breadboard
10. Set up Channel A to source a 100 Hz square wave that swings
between 0 V and 5 V.
11. Observe the shape of the waveform across the capacitor. Can you
describe the general shape of the edges?
12. Increase the frequency of the square wave. What happens to the
voltage waveform across the capacitor?

Series RC Circuit 5
Theory
A capacitor is comprised of two conductors, typically called “plates,”
separated by an insulating material called a “dielectric.” In electric
circuits the capacitors are used in a way in which equal and opposite
charges are created on each plate. The charges are created by
accumulation or depletion of free electrons in the conductors. The
charges produce an electric field in the dielectric, thereby developing
a voltage across the plates. For a fixed charge, Q, on the plates, the
voltage, V, across the plates is determined by the capacitance value,
C, according to the following relationship.

Series RC Circuit 6
Observations and Conclusions

• Capacitors store electric charge


• When capacitors are charged using a voltage source in
series with a resistor, the rate of change in capacitor voltage
slows exponentially
• RC circuits are characterized by the RC product, called the
time constant
• A capacitor in a simple RC circuit moves to 63% of the
difference between its current value and a step voltage
applied to the circuit in one time constant
• A commonly accepted time for a capacitor to fully charge is
equal to five time constants

Series RC Circuit 7
Series RC Circuit 8
Series RC Circuit 9
Mustafa Sattar Jabbar

Series RC Circuit 10

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